CN104833775A - Three-dimensional model testing apparatus capable of simulating water outburst and mud outburst geological disasters - Google Patents
Three-dimensional model testing apparatus capable of simulating water outburst and mud outburst geological disasters Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional model testing apparatus capable of simulating water outburst and mud outburst geological disasters. The apparatus comprises a lower supporting rack, an axial pressure loading device, a peripheral pressure loading device, and a model sample part; the peripheral pressure loading device is arranged on the top of the lower supporting rack and is capable of loading a peripheral pressure onto the model sample by filling high-pressure gas or water into the peripheral chamber through a pressure adjusting valve; the model sample part is arranged in the peripheral pressure loading device, an annular water tank is arranged in a movable pressing plate under the model sample part, a water pressure is loaded on the model sample through a water penetrating plate by filling water into the annular water tank; and the axial pressure loading device is arranged in the lower supporting rack, is connected to the sample model part by going through the bottom of the peripheral pressure loading device, and applies an axial pressure on the model sample through an oil cylinder arranged on the lower end of the axial pressure loading device. The provided apparatus has the advantages of simple whole machine structure, good stability, and convenience for carrying out tests, and can precisely simulate the initial environment of a sample and carry out excavate unloading tests. Through a pre-fabricated model sample, the test period is largely shortened, and the test efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Geotechnical Engineering test field, be specifically related to a kind of gushing water of simulating and dash forward the three-dimensional model test unit of mud geologic hazard.
Background technology
In recent years, the profound tunnel construction in China's mining tunnel, national defence, water conservancy and hydropower and other underground works presents flourish trend.Due to the diversity of geologic condition, Disaster cause and Catastrophe Process are extremely complicated, construction is difficult to grasp adverse geological condition in construction access road early stage, and cause the construction stage that gushing water occurs and to dash forward the disasters such as mud, serious threat workmen life security also causes tremendous economic to lose.There are 19 large-scale gushing waters and to dash forward mud disaster in such as Yichang-Wanzhou Railway line Maluqing tunnel 2004 to 2008, cause 15 people dead, construction delay was more than 2 years altogether.The Department of Science and Technology in 2013 to dash forward mud disaster for profound tunnel gushing water first, 973 projects of setting up the project--and " profound tunnel gushing water dash forward mud disaster cause calamity mechanism and prediction and warning and control theory ".Therefore for gushing water dash forward mud disaster to cause the problem development system researchs such as the theoretical and risk assessment of calamity mechanism, prediction and warning imperative.
Domestic and international many scholars, for unfavorable geology environment such as karst, have carried out a large amount of seepage failure and gushing water and to have dashed forward mud model test.Zhang Jianmin, Li Shenliang, Wang Ganlin etc. cause calamity structure based on packed type, and a large amount of seepage failure test has been carried out in each comfortable indoor.
Li Zhongkui etc., for Jinping hydropower station diversion tunnel, have carried out physical experiments to work progress under hyperosmosis environment, for Seepage technical design provides theoretical foundation.
Spring etc. layer during similar model test research is not carried out to Karst Tunnel digging process, in tunnel tunnel face dead ahead, side wall, vault and baseplate zone preset high-pressure water-filling solution cavity, analyze hydraulic pressure and the impact of surrounding rock type change on face axial displacement under different operating mode.
Lee's art just etc. have developed novel fluid structure interaction mode pilot system, and carried out Jiaozhou Bay's seabed tunnel fluid-wall interaction model test, the Changing Pattern of displacement field of surrounding rock, hole wall pressure power and osmotic pressure field etc. in systematic study work progress.
Liu Aihua etc. have developed deep mining pressure-bearing gushing water mechanism scaled physical model pilot system, can realize stressed, the process of deformation and failure of country rock under the multifactor synergy such as complex stress, water pressure and exploitation disturbance and the grand thin sight migration rule research such as seepage flow, sudden change of water.
Li Li equality devises protrusion-dispelling layer unstability non-Geological Defects formula gushing water model test, show that protrusion-dispelling layer unstability gushing water is the result that under excavation disturbance effect, seepage flow brings out rock mass Continuous Damage.
Can find out, the model test of carrying out at present is studied mainly for dash forward mud Disaster mechanism and Catastrophe Process etc. of seepage failure, gushing water.These researchs are determined to achieve certain achievement for dash forward mud disaster genesis mechanism, safe thickness of gushing water, but due to model large, the test period is long, and it is unfavorable for carrying out lot of experiments.Safe water proof depth of stratum is as the main quantitative indices characterizing constructing tunnel engineering safety, and it has important guiding effect for construction.And for the research of acquisition minimum safe water proof depth of stratum, study mainly through simplifying theoretical model, numerical simulation, and the uncertain etc. of the complicated variety of geologic condition and rock-soil material makes existing method and technology have difficulties for minimum safe water proof depth of stratum under acquisition different surrounding rock type, differently stress level and different hydraulic condition.Especially the large sample probability statistics test obtaining minimum safe water proof depth of stratum is obtained and not yet conduct a research.
Summary of the invention
A kind of gushing water of simulating is the object of the present invention is to provide to dash forward the three-dimensional model test unit of mud geologic hazard, can simulate accurately three-dimensional initial in-site stress field residing for model test and hydraulic pressure environment, the three-dimensional can carried out under Rock mass of large dimension complex environment loads Excavation simulation test.
The technical solution realizing the object of the invention is: a kind of gushing water of simulating is dashed forward the three-dimensional model test unit of mud geologic hazard, comprise lower support frame, confined pressure charger, axial compression charger, model sample component, confined pressure charger is arranged on lower support top of the trellis, model sample component is arranged in confined pressure charger, axial compression charger is arranged in lower support frame, and axial compression charger is connected with model sample component through bottom confined pressure charger;
Lower support frame comprises base and N root post, N >=2, and N root post is evenly distributed on base;
Axial compression charger comprises oil cylinder, force snesor, displacement transducer and piston rod, be fixed on bottom oil cylinder on base, oil cylinder is stretched into bottom piston rod, top is through confined pressure charger bottom surface, stretch into model sample component, force snesor and displacement transducer are all arranged on the piston rod, and are positioned at above oil cylinder.
Above-mentioned confined pressure charger comprises base plate, cylindrical shell and top cover, cylindrical shell bottom surface is connected with base plate, end face is connected with top cover, and base plate is provided with the first circular hole, M the first through hole, M >=1, first circular hole is positioned at base plate center, the top of the piston rod of axial compression charger, through the first circular hole, is provided with the first O-ring seal between the first circular hole and piston rod, top cover is provided with the second circular hole, P the second through hole, P >=1, the first circular hole is positioned at base plate center.
The junction of above-mentioned cylindrical shell and base plate top cover is equipped with the second O-ring seal.
Above-mentioned model sample component comprises movable pressing board, porous disc, rubber finger sleeve, fixation clip, pressing plate, gland nut and intake-discharge pipe; Movable pressing board is provided with a ring shape water storage tank, and be provided with Q third through-hole bottom annular water storage tank, Q=M, third through-hole is connected with the second through hole by intake-discharge pipe, and movable pressing board bottom centre is stretched on the top of the piston rod of axial compression charger; Movable pressing board top is provided with porous disc, and fixation clip comprises right cylinder and lower right cylinder, and upper cylinder diameter is less than lower cylinder diameter, and fixation clip center is provided with fourth hole, and fourth hole runs through right cylinder and lower right cylinder; Rubber finger sleeve one end is enclosed within movable pressing board, the other end is enclosed within fixation clip, model sample is filled up in rubber finger sleeve, the fourth hole bottom surface of model sample end face and fixation clip is contour, gland nut is arranged in the fourth hole of fixation clip, on the model sample bottom the fourth hole by gland nut pressing plate being fixed on fixation clip; The upper right cylinder of fixation clip, through the second through hole of confined pressure charger top cap central, is provided with the 3rd O-ring seal between the second through hole and the upper right cylinder of fixation clip.
The lower right cylinder of above-mentioned fixation clip and movable pressing board diameter are all less than the diameter of cylindrical shell, and the second through hole is under cylinder inboard wall and fixation clip between cylindrical outer wall, and the second through hole is provided with connecting pipe.
The present invention compared with prior art, its remarkable advantage: (1) the present invention can realize loading the three-dimensional of profound tunnel model, the simulation of hydraulic pressure environment and excavate and unload etc., reduce engineering more really to compose and deposit initial environment, to the accurate analog of work progress, ensure that the science of test.
(2) by the present invention can obtain gushing water dash forward mud disaster occur time each class surrounding rock and different engineering specifications under minimum safe water proof depth of stratum.
(3) resistance to overturning is good, load is stable, can accurate analog tunnel excavation, test is convenient succinct, the cycle is short.
(4) test findings can be the formulation of minimum safe water proof depth of stratum in work progress, set up profound tunnel gushing water dash forward mud calamity source assessment quantitative model experimental basis and data supporting are provided.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that a kind of gushing water of simulating of the present invention is dashed forward the structural representation of three-dimensional model test unit of mud geologic hazard.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
Composition graphs 1, a kind of gushing water of simulating is dashed forward the three-dimensional model test unit of mud geologic hazard, to dash forward the minimum safe water proof depth of stratum of mud disaster and probability statistical distribution thereof for the gushing water obtained under different surrounding rock type, differently stress level and different hydraulic condition.It is by carrying out large sample simulation tunnel excavation model test, minimum safe water proof depth of stratum probability statistics function when can obtain tunnel gushing water under excavate and unload condition, for minimum safe water proof depth of stratum in work progress formulation, set up profound tunnel water bursting disaster risk evaluation model etc. experimental basis and data supporting be provided.
A kind of gushing water of simulating of the present invention is dashed forward the three-dimensional model test unit of mud geologic hazard, comprise lower support frame, confined pressure charger, axial compression charger, model sample component, confined pressure charger is arranged on lower support top of the trellis, model sample component is arranged in confined pressure charger, axial compression charger is arranged in lower support frame, and axial compression charger is connected with model sample component through bottom confined pressure charger.
Lower support frame comprises base 1 and N root post 3, N >=2, N root post 3 is evenly distributed on base 1.
Axial compression charger comprises oil cylinder 2, force snesor 4, displacement transducer 5 and piston rod 6, is fixed on base 1, stretches into oil cylinder 2 bottom piston rod 6 bottom oil cylinder 2, and model sample component, through confined pressure charger bottom surface, is stretched in top.Force snesor 4 and displacement transducer 5 are all arranged on piston rod 6, and are positioned at above oil cylinder 2.
Confined pressure charger comprises base plate 7, cylindrical shell 15 and top cover 19, cylindrical shell 15 bottom surface is connected with base plate 7, end face is connected with top cover 19, base plate 7 is provided with the first circular hole, M the first through hole, M >=1, first circular hole is positioned at base plate 7 center, and the top of the piston rod 6 of axial compression charger, through the first circular hole, is provided with the first O-ring seal 9 between the first circular hole and piston rod 6.Top cover 19 is provided with the second circular hole, P the second through hole, and P >=1, the first circular hole is positioned at base plate 7 center.
Above-mentioned cylindrical shell 15 is equipped with the second O-ring seal 12 with the junction of base plate 7 top cover 19.
Model sample component comprises movable pressing board 13, porous disc 14, rubber finger sleeve 16, fixation clip 18, pressing plate 21, gland nut 22 and intake-discharge pipe 28; Movable pressing board 13 is provided with a ring shape water storage tank, is provided with Q third through-hole, Q=M bottom annular water storage tank, and third through-hole is connected with the second through hole by intake-discharge pipe 28, and movable pressing board 13 bottom centre is stretched on the top of the piston rod 6 of axial compression charger.Movable pressing board 13 top is provided with porous disc 14.Fixation clip 18 comprises right cylinder and lower right cylinder, and upper cylinder diameter is less than lower cylinder diameter, and fixation clip 18 center is provided with fourth hole, and fourth hole runs through right cylinder and lower right cylinder.Rubber finger sleeve 16 one end is enclosed within movable pressing board 13, and the other end is enclosed within fixation clip 18.Model sample 27 is filled up in rubber finger sleeve 16, the fourth hole bottom surface of model sample 27 end face and fixation clip 18 is contour, gland nut 22 is arranged in the fourth hole of fixation clip 18, on the model sample 27 bottom the fourth hole by gland nut 22 pressing plate 21 being fixed on fixation clip 18.The upper right cylinder of fixation clip 18, through second through hole at confined pressure charger top cover 19 center, is provided with the 3rd O-ring seal 20 between the second through hole and the upper right cylinder of fixation clip 18.
The lower right cylinder of fixation clip 18 and movable pressing board 13 diameter are all less than the diameter of cylindrical shell 15, and the second through hole is between cylindrical shell 15 inwall and fixation clip 18 times cylindrical outer walls.Second through hole is provided with connecting pipe 29.
Embodiment one
A kind of gushing water of simulating is dashed forward the three-dimensional model test unit of mud geologic hazard, comprise lower support frame, confined pressure charger, axial compression charger, model sample component, confined pressure charger is arranged on lower support top of the trellis, model sample component is arranged in confined pressure charger, axial compression charger is arranged in lower support frame, and axial compression charger is connected with model sample component through bottom confined pressure charger.
Lower support frame comprises base 1 and four root post 3, four root post 3 uniform weldings on base 1.
Axial compression charger comprises oil cylinder 2, force snesor 4, displacement transducer 5 and piston rod 6, is bolted on base 1 bottom oil cylinder 2, and oil cylinder 2 is stretched in piston rod 6 bottom, and model sample component, through confined pressure charger bottom surface, is stretched in top.Force snesor 4 and displacement transducer 5 are all arranged on piston rod 6, and are positioned at above oil cylinder 2, for model axial load and axial displacement in experiments of measuring process.
Confined pressure charger comprises base plate 7, cylindrical shell 15 and top cover 19, cylindrical shell 15 bottom surface is connected with base plate 7, end face is connected with top cover 19, base plate 7 is provided with the first circular hole, two the first through holes, first circular hole is positioned at base plate 7 center, two the first through holes are symmetrically distributed in the first circular hole both sides, and the top of the piston rod 6 of axial compression charger, through the first circular hole, is sealed by the first O-ring seal 9 between the first circular hole and piston rod 6.Top cover 19 is provided with the second circular hole, two the second through holes, and the first circular hole is positioned at base plate 7 center, and two the second through holes are symmetrically distributed in the second circular hole both sides.
Above-mentioned cylindrical shell 15 is equipped with the second O-ring seal 12 with the junction of base plate 7 top cover 19.
Model sample component comprises movable pressing board 13, porous disc 14, rubber finger sleeve 16, fixation clip 18, pressing plate 21, gland nut 22 and intake-discharge pipe 28; Movable pressing board 13 is provided with a ring shape water storage tank, two third through-holes are provided with bottom annular water storage tank, third through-hole is connected with the second through hole by intake-discharge pipe 28, and by intake-discharge pipe 28 to annular water storage tank water storage, movable pressing board 13 bottom centre is stretched on the top of the piston rod 6 of axial compression charger.Movable pressing board 13 top is provided with porous disc 14, and porous disc 14 is steel plate.Fixation clip 18 comprises right cylinder and lower right cylinder, and upper cylinder diameter is less than lower cylinder diameter, and fixation clip 18 center is provided with fourth hole, and fourth hole runs through right cylinder and lower right cylinder.Rubber finger sleeve 16 one end is enclosed within movable pressing board 13, the other end is enclosed within fixation clip 18, by tightening adhesive tape 17, rubber finger sleeve 16 and movable pressing board 13 and fixation clip 18 are tightened, model sample 27 is filled up in rubber finger sleeve 16, the fourth hole bottom surface of model sample 27 end face and fixation clip 18 is contour, gland nut 22 is arranged in the fourth hole of fixation clip 18, on the model sample 27 bottom the fourth hole by gland nut 22 pressing plate 21 being fixed on fixation clip 18.The upper right cylinder of fixation clip 18, through second through hole at confined pressure charger top cover 19 center, is sealed by the 3rd O-ring seal 20 between the second through hole and the upper right cylinder of fixation clip 18.
The lower right cylinder of fixation clip 18 and movable pressing board 13 diameter are all less than the diameter of cylindrical shell 15, and the second through hole is between cylindrical shell 15 inwall and fixation clip 18 times cylindrical outer walls.Second through hole is provided with connecting pipe 29.
A kind of gushing water of simulating of the present invention is dashed forward the three-dimensional model test unit of mud geologic hazard, and the course of work is as follows:
First by the oil cylinder 2 in axial compression charger, through force snesor 4, piston rod 6, movable pressing board 13 and porous disc 14, load is reached model sample 27, to apply the axle pressure needed for it, model sample 27 axle pressure and axial displacement are by force snesor 4 and displacement transducer 5 Real-Time Monitoring.Enclose sky interacvity air-filling pressure or hydraulic pressure through connecting pipe 29 to confined pressure charger by source of the gas or water source, to apply the confined pressure needed for model sample 27, pressure regulates and is controlled by high precision pressure regulator valve.Model sample 27 hydraulic pressure adds water to apply the hydraulic pressure needed for model sample 27 to the annular water storage tank in movable pressing board 13 through intake-discharge pipe 28 by water source (carbonated drink swap tank), water pressure, thus can the initial Environmental effect of model in accurate analog underground works by high precision pressure regulator valve regulable control.Then by whole device as shown in Figure 1 vertically state turnover to horizontality, dismounting gland nut 22 and pressing plate 21, thus by model test excavate and unload device, tunneling process can be carried out in simulate formation engineering because of country rock off-load and bring out the geologic hazard phenomenons such as mud of dashing forward as gushing water.
Claims (5)
1. simulate gushing water and to dash forward the three-dimensional model test unit of mud geologic hazard for one kind, it is characterized in that: comprise lower support frame, confined pressure charger, axial compression charger, model sample component, confined pressure charger is arranged on lower support top of the trellis, model sample component is arranged in confined pressure charger, axial compression charger is arranged in lower support frame, and axial compression charger is connected with model sample component through bottom confined pressure charger;
Lower support frame comprises base (1) and N root post (3), N >=2, and N root post (3) is evenly distributed on base (1);
Axial compression charger comprises oil cylinder (2), force snesor (4), displacement transducer (5) and piston rod (6), oil cylinder (2) bottom is fixed on base (1), oil cylinder (2) is stretched in piston rod (6) bottom, top is through confined pressure charger bottom surface, stretch into model sample component, force snesor (4) and displacement transducer (5) are all arranged on piston rod (6), and are positioned at oil cylinder (2) top.
2. simulation gushing water according to claim 1 is dashed forward the three-dimensional model test unit of mud geologic hazard, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned confined pressure charger comprises base plate (7), cylindrical shell (15) and top cover (19), cylindrical shell (15) bottom surface is connected with base plate (7), end face is connected with top cover (19), base plate (7) is provided with the first circular hole, M the first through hole, M >=1, first circular hole is positioned at base plate (7) center, the top of the piston rod (6) of axial compression charger is through the first circular hole, the first O-ring seal (9) is provided with between first circular hole and piston rod (6), top cover (19) is provided with the second circular hole, P the second through hole, P >=1, first circular hole is positioned at base plate (7) center.
3. simulation gushing water according to claim 2 is dashed forward the three-dimensional model test unit of mud geologic hazard, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned cylindrical shell (15) is equipped with the second O-ring seal (12) with the junction of base plate (7) top cover (19).
4. simulation gushing water according to claim 1 and 2 is dashed forward the three-dimensional model test unit of mud geologic hazard, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned model sample component comprises movable pressing board (13), porous disc (14), rubber finger sleeve (16), fixation clip (18), pressing plate (21), gland nut (22) and intake-discharge pipe (28); Movable pressing board (13) is provided with a ring shape water storage tank, Q third through-hole is provided with bottom annular water storage tank, Q=M, third through-hole is connected with the second through hole by intake-discharge pipe (28), and movable pressing board (13) bottom centre is stretched on the top of the piston rod (6) of axial compression charger; Movable pressing board (13) top is provided with porous disc (14), fixation clip (18) comprises right cylinder and lower right cylinder, upper cylinder diameter is less than lower cylinder diameter, and fixation clip (18) center is provided with fourth hole, and fourth hole runs through right cylinder and lower right cylinder; Rubber finger sleeve (16) one end is enclosed within movable pressing board (13), the other end is enclosed within fixation clip (18), model sample (27) is filled up in rubber finger sleeve (16), the fourth hole bottom surface of model sample (27) end face and fixation clip (18) is contour, gland nut (22) is arranged in the fourth hole of fixation clip (18), on the model sample (27) bottom the fourth hole by gland nut (22) pressing plate (21) being fixed on fixation clip (18); The upper right cylinder of fixation clip (18), through second through hole at confined pressure charger top cover (19) center, is provided with the 3rd O-ring seal (20) between the upper right cylinder of the second through hole and fixation clip (18).
5. simulation gushing water according to claim 4 is dashed forward the three-dimensional model test unit of mud geologic hazard, it is characterized in that: the lower right cylinder of above-mentioned fixation clip (18) and movable pressing board (13) diameter are all less than the diameter of cylindrical shell (15), second through hole is positioned under cylindrical shell (15) inwall and fixation clip (18) between cylindrical outer wall, and the second through hole is provided with connecting pipe (29).
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| CN106023761A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-10-12 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Fault water outburst and mud outburst simulation equipment and test method |
| CN107144469B (en) * | 2017-04-24 | 2019-08-20 | 河海大学 | Simulate the Hydraulic fracturing test instrument and method of impact high water head permeable liquid |
| CN107144469A (en) * | 2017-04-24 | 2017-09-08 | 河海大学 | Simulate the Hydraulic fracturing test instrument and method of impact high water head permeable liquid |
| CN107356510A (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2017-11-17 | 山东科技大学 | Simulate face surrounding rock water inrush channel extension evolution pilot system |
| CN109425901A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2019-03-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of portable sea-bottom shallow geological disaster simulator |
| CN108169455A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-06-15 | 山东大学 | A kind of filling medium true triaxial seepage failure laboratory and test method |
| CN113863982A (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2021-12-31 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | Large-scale real three-dimensional old air disaster simulation experiment device that permeates water |
| CN113863982B (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2024-05-03 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | Large-scale true three-dimensional hollow permeable disaster simulation experiment device |
| CN114001994A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-02-01 | 石家庄铁道大学 | Tunnel water inrush and mud inrush model test device and method |
| CN114001994B (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-07-12 | 石家庄铁道大学 | Tunnel water inrush and mud inrush model test device and method |
| CN117388079A (en) * | 2023-10-16 | 2024-01-12 | 深圳大学 | Device and method for testing three-dimensional soil arch effect under high-water-pressure seepage condition |
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