CN114001994A - Tunnel water inrush and mud inrush model test device and method - Google Patents
Tunnel water inrush and mud inrush model test device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114001994A CN114001994A CN202111334771.0A CN202111334771A CN114001994A CN 114001994 A CN114001994 A CN 114001994A CN 202111334771 A CN202111334771 A CN 202111334771A CN 114001994 A CN114001994 A CN 114001994A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M10/00—Hydrodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on ship-testing tanks or water tunnels
Abstract
The invention provides a tunnel water inrush mud outburst model test device and a tunnel water inrush mud outburst model test method, which solve the problems that the existing tunnel water inrush mud outburst process is only analyzed through ANSYS finite elements and cannot be subjected to an entity research test through a model test; the device comprises a supporting seat, wherein a feeding bin is fixedly connected to the upper end of the supporting seat, a feeding frame is fixedly connected to the upper end of the feeding bin, a supporting die is arranged in the feeding bin, the supporting die and the feeding bin are in clearance fit, the front end of the feeding bin is detachably connected with a tunnel model, a stamping air bag is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the feeding bin, the stamping air bag is connected with an air supply pump fixedly connected to the feeding bin, one side, close to the supporting die, of the stamping air bag is fixedly connected with a plurality of soft water spray pipes, the soft water spray pipes are communicated with a water supply pipe fixedly connected to the upper end of the feeding frame, and the water supply pipe is connected with an external water supply device; the invention has the advantages of exquisite structure and strong practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction simulation, in particular to a tunnel water and mud outburst model test device and method.
Background
The tunnel construction and use process faces serious water and mud bursting and other geological disaster risks, particularly the deep-buried tunnel water and mud bursting disaster has the characteristics of burstiness, large flow, high water pressure and the like, once the disaster happens, the tunnel is submerged and the construction is interrupted if the disaster happens, serious casualties and economic losses are caused if the disaster happens, and even some projects are forced to be stopped or changed. The scholars at home and abroad do a lot of theoretical and model test research work aiming at the disaster-causing mechanism of the water-inrush mud-bursting disaster and the change characteristics of a displacement field, a stress field and a seepage field in the disaster evolution process, but the research on the influence of the flow velocity of fluid, the pressure strength of a tunnel and the environmental temperature in the disaster-causing process on the water-inrush mud-bursting of the tunnel is less, and particularly the research on the model test is blank.
However, the following problems exist in the current process of the tunnel water inrush test:
1. the existing research only carries out the influence of the flow velocity of liquid near a tunnel on the occurrence probability of water inrush mud through finite elements such as ANSYS and the like, can not carry out research through a model, and can not carry out simulation analysis on a specific construction site and an applied environment;
2. in the process of carrying out an environment test on the tunnel model, various environments cannot be changed at any time for the use environment, filled soil components cannot be changed, and the tunnel model test process and the water inrush mud outburst phenomenon are monitored in real time and information is recorded.
Therefore, the invention provides a tunnel water inrush and mud inrush model test device to solve the problem.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the situation and overcoming the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a tunnel water inrush mud model test device and a tunnel water inrush mud model test method, which effectively solve the problems that the existing tunnel water inrush mud process is only analyzed by ANSYS finite elements, the entity research test on the tunnel water inrush mud process, the transformation of the environment of a tunnel model and the effective support of mud cannot be carried out through the model test.
The device comprises a supporting seat, wherein the upper end of the supporting seat is fixedly connected with a feeding bin, the upper end of the feeding bin is fixedly connected with a feeding frame, a supporting die is arranged in the feeding bin, the supporting die is in clearance fit with the feeding bin, and the front end of the supporting die is detachably connected with a tunnel model;
the inner wall of the feeding bin is fixedly connected with a stamping air bag, the stamping air bag is connected with an air supply pump fixedly connected to the feeding bin, one side of the pressurizing air bag, close to the supporting die, is fixedly connected with a plurality of soft water spray pipes, the soft water spray pipes are communicated with a water supply pipe fixedly connected to the upper end of the feeding frame, and the water supply pipe is connected with an external water supply device;
the feeding frame upper end can dismantle and be connected with sealed lid, sealed cover fixedly connected with inflation valve.
Preferably, the left side and the right side of the lower end of the feeding bin are provided with a plurality of upper permeable holes, the lower end of the supporting seat is provided with lower permeable holes matched with the permeable holes, the lower end of the supporting seat is fixedly connected with a liquid return bin, a water supply pump is arranged in the liquid return bin, and the water supply pump is communicated with the water supply pipe.
Preferably, the upper end of the supporting seat is fixedly connected with a heat-insulating protective cover sleeved outside the feeding bin, the heat-insulating protective cover is of a double-layer heat-insulating structure, and the upper end of the heat-insulating protective cover is provided with a sliding track matched with the sealing cover;
the heat-insulation protective cover is internally and fixedly connected with a heating device and a refrigerating device, the heat-insulation protective cover is internally and fixedly connected with a temperature sensor, and the heating device, the refrigerating device and the temperature sensor are connected.
Preferably, a sliding track is arranged in the feeding bin, and a plurality of traveling wheels matched with the sliding track are rotatably connected to the lower end of the supporting die.
Preferably, the rear end of the supporting seat is fixedly connected with a limiting disc, the front end of the limiting disc is fixedly connected with a fixing sleeve arranged in the tunnel model, the front end of the fixing sleeve is fixedly connected with a lamp support, the lamp support is fixedly connected with a plurality of illuminating lamps, and the illuminating lamps are externally connected with a power supply.
Preferably, a reciprocating screw rod penetrates through the fixed sleeve, the reciprocating screw rod is connected with an adjusting motor fixedly connected to the rear end of the limiting disc, a sliding support is in threaded connection with the reciprocating screw rod, and a plurality of cameras are fixedly connected to the sliding support;
the rear end of the sliding support is fixedly connected with two limiting rods, and the limiting rods penetrate through the lamp bracket.
Preferably, the inside of the supporting die is fixedly connected with a sliding threaded sleeve, the sliding threaded sleeve is internally and threadedly connected with an adjusting screw rod rotatably connected with the limiting disc, and the adjusting screw rod is connected with a driving motor fixedly connected on the limiting disc.
Preferably, the front end of the feeding bin is fixedly connected with a guide arc plate.
Preferably, the use method of the tunnel water and mud bursting model test device comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the supporting mould is positioned in the feeding bin in an initial state, the sealing cover is opened, and then soil is fed into the feeding bin through the feeding frame to fill the feeding bin with the soil;
step two: then starting the air supply pump to inflate the stamping air bag to press the soil;
step three: covering the sealing cover, splicing the tunnel model and the supporting mold, starting the driving motor to enable the supporting mold to drive the tunnel model to slide towards the rear end, and placing the tunnel model in the feeding bin;
step four: starting the water supply pump to spray water to the soil, then synchronously inflating the feeding bin through an inflation valve to ensure the water content and the pressure of the soil, and simultaneously starting the adjusting motor to enable the sliding support to slide back and forth so as to drive the camera to shoot and monitor the interior of the tunnel model;
step five: when the environment of the tunnel model needs to be changed, the environment of the tunnel model is changed by controlling the water supply amount of the water supply pump and the air supply pump to inflate the feeding bin and change the temperature in the heat-preservation protective cover, and further the water and mud outburst condition of the tunnel model is observed.
The invention improves the existing tunnel water and mud outburst model test device, and effectively solves the problems of pressurizing and spraying the soil on the tunnel model and increasing the pressure intensity at the periphery of the tunnel model by additionally arranging a feeding bin, a feeding frame, a supporting mold, the tunnel model, a flushing air bag, a soft water spray pipe, a sealing cover and an inflation valve; the problems of flow in liquid soil and recycling of liquid are effectively solved by arranging the upper permeable hole, the lower permeable hole and the liquid return bin; the problem of changing the temperature environment of the tunnel model is effectively solved by arranging the heat-preservation protective cover, the heating device, the temperature sensor and the refrigerating device; the tunnel interior is effectively illuminated by arranging the limiting disc, the fixing sleeve and the illuminating lamp, so that the phenomenon of water and mud bursting in the tunnel interior can be conveniently observed; the problem of real-time shooting of the interior of the tunnel model is effectively solved by arranging the reciprocating screw rod, the adjusting motor, the sliding support, the camera and the limiting rod; the problem of replacing a supporting die and a tunnel model is effectively solved by arranging the sliding threaded sleeve, the adjusting screw rod and the driving motor; and the structure is simple and stable, and the universality is extremely high.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a first cross-sectional view of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of the feeding bin and the internal structure thereof.
Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the charging bin of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a feeding bin of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the supporting seat of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic perspective view of the internal structure of the charging bin of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a perspective view of the support mold of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a perspective view of the sealing cap of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The foregoing and other aspects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following more particular description of embodiments of the invention, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which reference is made to figures 1 to 10. The structural contents mentioned in the following embodiments are all referred to the attached drawings of the specification.
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention relates to a tunnel water-inrush mud model test device and a method, and the tunnel water-inrush mud model test device comprises a supporting seat 1, wherein the supporting seat 1 is arranged on the ground to provide a fixed supporting foundation for a subsequent structure, the upper end of the supporting seat 1 is fixedly connected with a feeding bin 2, the upper end of the feeding bin 2 is fixedly connected with a feeding frame 3, soil can be injected into the feeding bin 2 through the feeding frame 3, a supporting mold 4 is arranged in the feeding bin 2, the supporting mold 4 is in clearance fit with the feeding bin 2, the front end of the tunnel model is detachably connected with a tunnel model 5, and when the supporting mold 4 is arranged in the feeding bin 2, the soil is injected into a gap part between the supporting mold 4 and the feeding bin 2 through the feeding frame 3 to cover the supporting mold 4 with the soil;
throw feed bin 2 inner wall fixedly connected with punching press gasbag 6, punching press gasbag 6 with fixed connection throw feed bin 2 on air feed pump 33 link to each other, through air feed pump 33 right punching press gasbag 6 aerify, through punching press gasbag 6 to the injection the earth extrude, realize the powerful compaction to earth, the gasbag of aerifing be close to support mould 4 one side fixedly connected with a plurality of soft spray pipes 7 the process of the gasbag of aerifing gassing drives soft spray pipe 7 synchronous motion, soft spray pipe 7 with fixed connection be in feed frame 3 upper end delivery pipe 8 be linked together, delivery pipe 8 and external water supply installation link to each other, through delivery pipe 8 to soft water intraductal water spray, soft water pipe simultaneously throw feed bin 2 in evenly distributed, the soft water spraying pipes 7 uniformly spray water into the soil to form an environment in which liquid flows in the soil, and the phenomenon of liquid flow in the environment at the tunnel is simulated;
the upper end of the feeding frame 3 is detachably connected with a sealing cover 9, an inflation valve 10 is fixedly connected to the sealing cover 9, the feeding bin 2 is sealed through the sealing cover 9, meanwhile, the feeding bin 2 is inflated through the inflation valve 10, in order to enable gas to be uniformly blown into the feeding bin 2, an arc-shaped guide plate is fixedly connected to the sealing cover 9, a vent pipe is fixedly connected to the middle position in the sealing plate, a plurality of vent holes are formed in the vent pipe, and under the action of the arc-shaped guide plate and the vent pipe, the gas is uniformly inflated into the feeding bin 2, the interior of the soil and the tunnel model 5 are integrally pressurized, a high-pressure environment where a tunnel is located is simulated, and meanwhile, water flow smoothly passes through the soil to form high-pressure water flow;
in the embodiment, in an initial state, the supporting mold 4 is placed in the feeding bin 2, then the sealing cover 9 is opened, then soil is filled between the feeding bin 2 and the supporting mold 4 through the feeding frame, after the filling is completed, the air supply pump 33 is used for inflating the punching air bag 6, the soil is extruded through the punching air bag 6, the soil is compacted, the soil completely covers the supporting mold 4, when a tunnel model 5 needs to be tested, the tunnel model 5 is firstly connected with the supporting mold 4, then the tunnel model 5 is pushed to drive the supporting mold 4 to synchronously slide towards the rear side, so that the supporting mold 4 slides towards the rear side, and meanwhile, the tunnel model 5 slides into the feeding bin 2, then start external water supply installation, through delivery pipe 8, soft spray pipe 7 to earth on spray water, make water smoothly flow in the earth, then will sealed lid 9 cover feeding frame 3 upper end, start air feed pump 33 after that through inflation valve 10 to throw the material storehouse 2 in aerify, to tunnel model 5, earth carry out the pressure boost processing, to the applicable environment of tunnel model 5 adjust the transform.
In the second embodiment, on the basis of the first embodiment, in the process of spraying water to the soil, water is retained in the soil, so that the water is not smoothly flowed and cannot smoothly shoot to the outside, therefore, the present embodiment provides a structure for guiding water in the soil, so as to ensure that the water smoothly flows in the soil, specifically, the left and right sides of the lower end of the feeding bin 2 are both provided with a plurality of upper permeable holes 11, the lower end of the supporting seat 1 is provided with lower permeable holes 12 matched with the permeable holes, in order to ensure that the water in the feeding bin 2 does not flow around, so that the upper permeable holes 11 are fixedly connected with water bars near the side of the tunnel model 5, the water bars avoid the water flow around, the lower end of the supporting seat 1 is fixedly connected with a liquid return bin 13, the liquid return bin 13 is pre-stored with water, a water supply pump is arranged in the liquid return bin 13 and is communicated with the water supply pipe 8, water flows into the liquid return bin 13 through the upper water permeable holes 11 and the lower water permeable holes 12, and meanwhile, liquid in the liquid return bin 13 is pumped to the water supply pipe 8 through the water supply pump to continuously spray water into the feeding bin 2.
Third embodiment, on the basis of the first embodiment, because different temperature environments will affect the phenomenon of water and mud bursting of the tunnel, and in order to create different temperature environments, the temperature environment of the tunnel model 5 is changed, so the present embodiment provides a structure for adjusting and controlling the temperature environment, specifically, the upper end of the supporting seat 1 is fixedly connected with a heat-insulating protective cover 14 which is sleeved outside the feeding bin 2, the heat-insulating protective cover 14 is a double-layer heat-insulating structure, the feeding bin 2 is covered by the heat-insulating protective cover 14 to protect the feeding bin 2, and meanwhile, the temperature environment near the feeding bin 2 is controlled to reduce the exchange between the temperature near the feeding bin 2 and the external environment, so as to ensure that the feeding bin 2 is in a stable temperature environment, the upper end of the heat-insulating protective cover 14 is provided with a sliding track which is matched with the sealing cover 9, the heat-preservation protective cover 14 is conveniently sealed through the sealing cover 9, and meanwhile, the sealing cover 9 and the feeding frame 3 are smoothly spliced;
the interior of the heat-insulating protective cover 14 is fixedly connected with a heating device 16 and a refrigerating device 17, the heating device 16 is a heating resistance wire device, can realize the temperature increase of the interior of the heat preservation protective cover 14, meanwhile, the refrigerating device 17 is the existing refrigerating device 17, can realize the cooling treatment of the interior of the heat-preservation protective cover 14, realize the regulation of the temperature of the interior of the heat-preservation protective cover 14, a temperature sensor 15 is fixedly connected in the heat-preservation protective cover 14, the heating device 16 and the refrigerating device 17 are connected with the temperature sensor 15, the temperature inside the heat-insulating protective cover 14 is monitored by the temperature sensor 15, then the heating device 16 and the refrigerating device 17 are controlled by the temperature sensor 15, so that the timely adjustment of the internal temperature of the heat-insulating protective cover 14 is realized.
Fourth embodiment, on the basis of the third embodiment, when the supporting mold 4 is pushed by the tunnel model 5, because the supporting mold 4 and the feeding bin 2 have a large contact area, a large frictional resistance and a difficult sliding phenomenon may occur, so that the embodiment provides a structure in which the supporting mold 4 and the feeding bin 2 slide relatively, specifically, a sliding rail 18 is arranged in the feeding bin 2, the lower end of the supporting mold 4 is rotatably connected with a plurality of traveling wheels 19 matched with the sliding rail 18, and the supporting mold 4 is driven to slide smoothly in the feeding bin 2 by the sliding of the traveling wheels 19 in the sliding rail 18, so that the sliding resistance is reduced, and the labor intensity of workers is reduced.
Fifth embodiment, on the basis of the first embodiment, when observing the water and mud outburst condition of the tunnel model 5, a water seepage and mud infiltration phenomenon occurs, and in the initial stage, because the light in the tunnel model 5 is dark, a phenomenon that the observation is unclear or cannot be observed occurs, so the present embodiment provides a structure for observing the interior of the tunnel model 5, specifically, the rear end of the supporting base 1 is fixedly connected with a limiting disc 20, the limiting disc 20 has a certain limiting effect on the supporting mold 4, so as to prevent the supporting mold 4 from falling off from the rear end, and simultaneously has a limiting effect on the sliding distance of the supporting mold 4, the front end of the limiting disc 20 is fixedly connected with a fixing sleeve 21 arranged in the tunnel model 5, and the front end of the fixing sleeve 21 is fixedly connected with a lamp support 22, through fixed cover 21 make lamp support 22 fix spacing dish 20 on, lamp support 22 on a plurality of light 23 of fixedly connected with, light 23 external power supply, through light 23 right the tunnel model inside throw light on, the staff of being convenient for is right the inside of tunnel model 5 observe.
Sixth embodiment, on the basis of the fifth embodiment, in order to monitor the inside of the tunnel model 5 in real time and record the internal information in real time, the present embodiment provides a device for monitoring and recording the inside of the tunnel model 5 in real time, specifically, a reciprocating lead screw 24 is inserted into the fixed sleeve 21, the reciprocating lead screw 24 freely rotates in the fixed sleeve 21, the reciprocating lead screw 24 is connected to an adjusting motor 25 fixedly connected to the rear end of the limiting disc 20, the adjusting motor 25 rotates to drive the reciprocating lead screw 24 to synchronously rotate, a sliding support 26 is threadedly connected to the reciprocating lead screw 24, the sliding support 26 slides back and forth along the reciprocating lead screw 24 while the reciprocating lead screw 24 rotates, and a plurality of cameras 27 are fixedly connected to the sliding support 26, shooting and recording the inside of the tunnel model 5 through the camera 27, so as to realize the monitoring and recording of the water and mud bursting situation inside the tunnel model 5;
the rear end of the sliding support 26 is fixedly connected with two limiting rods 28, the limiting rods 28 penetrate through the lamp bracket 22, and the limiting of the sliding support 26 is realized through the matching of the limiting rods 28 and the lamp bracket 22, so that the sliding support 26 does not synchronously rotate but slides back and forth along the reciprocating lead screw 24 while the reciprocating lead screw 24 rotates.
Seventh embodiment, on the basis of the sixth embodiment, in order to reduce the labor intensity of the operator and facilitate the stable sliding of the tunnel model 5 and the supporting mold 4, in this embodiment, a structure for stably pushing the supporting mold 4 is provided, specifically, a sliding threaded sleeve 29 is fixedly connected inside the supporting mold 4, an adjusting lead screw 30 rotatably connected with the limiting disc 20 is connected in the sliding threaded sleeve 29 through an internal thread, the adjusting lead screw 30 is connected with a driving motor 31 fixedly connected to the limiting disc 20, the driving motor 31 rotates to drive the adjusting lead screw 30 to rotate, and the adjusting lead screw 30 rotates to drive the sliding threaded sleeve 29 to slide in the charging bin 2, so as to realize the sliding of the supporting mold 4.
In an eighth embodiment, on the basis of the first embodiment, when the tunnel model 5 is pushed into the feeding bin 2, the tunnel model 5 is not smoothly pushed when the tunnel model 5 is not attached to the inner wall of the feeding bin 2, so that a guide arc plate 32 is fixedly connected to the front end of the feeding bin 2, and the tunnel model 5 is guided by the guide arc plate 32 to smoothly enter the feeding bin 2.
In the specific use process:
the method comprises the following steps: the supporting mould 4 is positioned in the feeding bin 2 in an initial state, then the sealing cover 9 is opened, and then soil is fed into the feeding bin 2 through the feeding frame 3, so that the feeding bin 2 is filled with the soil;
step two: then the air supply pump 33 is started to inflate the stamping air bag 6, so that the soil is pressed;
step three: covering the sealing cover 9, splicing the tunnel model 5 and the supporting mold 4, starting the driving motor 31 to enable the supporting mold 4 to drive the tunnel model 5 to slide towards the rear end, and placing the tunnel model 5 in the feeding bin 2;
step four: the water supply pump is started to spray water to the soil, then the charging bin 2 is synchronously inflated through an inflation valve to ensure the water content and the pressure of the soil, and meanwhile, the adjusting motor 25 is started to enable the sliding support 26 to slide back and forth, so that a camera 27 is driven to shoot and monitor the interior of the tunnel model 5;
step five: when the environment of the tunnel model 5 needs to be changed, the environment of the tunnel model 5 is changed by controlling the water supply amount of the water supply pump, the air supply pump 33 for inflating the feeding bin 2 and changing the temperature in the heat-preservation protective cover 14, and further the water and mud outburst condition of the tunnel model 5 is observed.
The invention improves the existing tunnel water and mud outburst model test device, and effectively solves the problems of pressurizing and spraying the soil on the tunnel model and increasing the pressure intensity at the periphery of the tunnel model by additionally arranging a feeding bin, a feeding frame, a supporting mold, the tunnel model, a flushing air bag, a soft water spray pipe, a sealing cover and an inflation valve; the problems of flow in liquid soil and recycling of liquid are effectively solved by arranging the upper permeable hole, the lower permeable hole and the liquid return bin; the problem of changing the temperature environment of the tunnel model is effectively solved by arranging the heat-preservation protective cover, the heating device, the temperature sensor and the refrigerating device; the tunnel interior is effectively illuminated by arranging the limiting disc, the fixing sleeve and the illuminating lamp, so that the phenomenon of water and mud bursting in the tunnel interior can be conveniently observed; the problem of real-time shooting of the interior of the tunnel model is effectively solved by arranging the reciprocating screw rod, the adjusting motor, the sliding support, the camera and the limiting rod; the problem of replacing a supporting die and a tunnel model is effectively solved by arranging the sliding threaded sleeve, the adjusting screw rod and the driving motor; and the structure is simple and stable, and the universality is extremely high.
Claims (9)
1. A tunnel water and mud outburst model test device comprises a supporting seat (1) and is characterized in that a feeding bin (2) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the supporting seat (1), a feeding frame (3) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the feeding bin (2), a supporting mold (4) is arranged in the feeding bin (2), the supporting mold (4) is in clearance fit with the feeding bin (2), and a tunnel model (5) is detachably connected to the front end of the supporting seat;
the inner wall of the feeding bin (2) is fixedly connected with a stamping air bag (6), the stamping air bag (6) is connected with an air supply pump (33) fixedly connected to the feeding bin (2), one side, close to the supporting die (4), of the inflatable air bag is fixedly connected with a plurality of soft water spray pipes (7), the soft water spray pipes (7) are communicated with a water supply pipe (8) fixedly connected to the upper end of the feeding frame (3), and the water supply pipe (8) is connected with an external water supply device;
the feeding device is characterized in that the upper end of the feeding frame (3) is detachably connected with a sealing cover (9), and the sealing cover (9) is fixedly connected with an inflation valve (10).
2. The tunnel water inrush mud testing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plurality of upper water permeable holes (11) are formed in the left and right sides of the lower end of the feeding bin (2), lower water permeable holes (12) matched with the water permeable holes are formed in the lower end of the supporting seat (1), a liquid return bin (13) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the supporting seat (1), a water supply pump is arranged in the liquid return bin (13), and the water supply pump is communicated with the water supply pipe (8).
3. The tunnel water and mud outburst model test device according to claim 1, wherein a heat-insulating protective cover (14) sleeved outside the feeding bin (2) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the supporting seat (1), the heat-insulating protective cover (14) is of a double-layer heat-insulating structure, and a sliding track matched with the sealing cover (9) is arranged at the upper end of the heat-insulating protective cover (14);
the heat preservation protection casing (14) inside fixedly connected with heating device (16) and refrigerating plant (17), heat preservation protection casing (14) in fixedly connected with temperature sensor (15), heating device (16), refrigerating plant (17) and temperature sensor (15) link to each other.
4. The tunnel water and mud inrush model test device as claimed in claim 3, wherein a sliding rail (18) is arranged in the feeding bin (2), and a plurality of traveling wheels (19) matched with the sliding rail (18) are rotatably connected to the lower end of the support mold (4).
5. The tunnel water and mud outburst model test device according to claim 1, wherein a limiting disc (20) is fixedly connected to the rear end of the supporting seat (1), a fixing sleeve (21) arranged inside the tunnel model (5) is fixedly connected to the front end of the limiting disc (20), a lamp support (22) is fixedly connected to the front end of the fixing sleeve (21), a plurality of illuminating lamps (23) are fixedly connected to the lamp support (22), and the illuminating lamps (23) are externally connected with a power supply.
6. The tunnel water and mud outburst model test device according to claim 5, wherein a reciprocating lead screw (24) penetrates through the fixed sleeve (21), the reciprocating lead screw (24) is connected with an adjusting motor (25) fixedly connected to the rear end of the limiting disc (20), a sliding support (26) is connected to the reciprocating lead screw (24) in a threaded manner, and a plurality of cameras (27) are fixedly connected to the sliding support (26);
the rear end of the sliding support (26) is fixedly connected with two limiting rods (28), and the limiting rods (28) penetrate through the lamp bracket (22).
7. The tunnel water and mud outburst model test device according to claim 6, wherein a sliding threaded sleeve (29) is fixedly connected inside the supporting die (4), an adjusting screw rod (30) rotatably connected with the limiting disc (20) is connected with the sliding threaded sleeve (29) in a threaded manner, and the adjusting screw rod (30) is connected with a driving motor (31) fixedly connected on the limiting disc (20).
8. The tunnel water and mud outburst model test device according to claim 1, wherein a guide arc plate (32) is fixedly connected to the front end of the feeding bin (2).
9. A use method of a tunnel water and mud outburst model test device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the supporting mould (4) is positioned in the feeding bin (2) in an initial state, then the sealing cover (9) is opened, and then soil is fed into the feeding bin (2) through the feeding frame (3) so as to fill the feeding bin (2) with the soil;
step two: then starting the air supply pump (33) to inflate the stamping air bag (6) to press the soil;
step three: covering the sealing cover (9), splicing the tunnel model (5) and the supporting mould (4), starting the driving motor (31), driving the supporting mould (4) to drive the tunnel model (5) to slide towards the rear end, and placing the tunnel model (5) in the feeding bin (2);
step four: the water supply pump is started to spray water to the soil, then the feeding bin (2) is synchronously inflated through an inflation valve (10), the water content and the pressure of the soil are guaranteed, and meanwhile the adjusting motor (25) is started to enable the sliding support (26) to slide back and forth, so that a camera (27) is driven to shoot and monitor the interior of the tunnel model (5);
step five: when the environment of the tunnel model (5) needs to be changed, the environment of the tunnel model (5) is changed by controlling the water supply amount of the water supply pump, the air supply pump (33) to charge the feeding bin (2) and changing the temperature in the heat-insulating protective cover (14), and the water burst and mud burst conditions of the tunnel model (5) are observed.
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