CN105974056A - Tunnel water bursting disaster precursor information monitoring model test system and test method thereof - Google Patents
Tunnel water bursting disaster precursor information monitoring model test system and test method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105974056A CN105974056A CN201610285152.XA CN201610285152A CN105974056A CN 105974056 A CN105974056 A CN 105974056A CN 201610285152 A CN201610285152 A CN 201610285152A CN 105974056 A CN105974056 A CN 105974056A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
Abstract
The invention discloses a tunnel water bursting disaster precursor information monitoring model test system and a test method thereof. The test system comprises a water-bearing body construction system, a triaxial pressurizing system and an excavation driving system, the triaxial pressurizing system applies a three-dimensional pressure to the water-bearing body construction system, and the excavation driving system is arranged in the working surface to be excavated of the water-bearing body construction system to quantitatively excavate the water-bearing body construction system; and the test data of the water-bearing body construction system is acquired by a data acquisition system and is analyzed by a data analysis system. Various disaster source water types are designed in the invention, and different water pressures and flows in the water-bearing construction enrich the form of a water bursting disaster source and enrich various water bursting types and water-rich forms. Water bursting precursor information in different forms of the water bursting disaster source is researched.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of tunnel water bursting disaster precursor information monitoring model pilot system and test method.
Background technology
Along with developing rapidly of energy project and traffic engineering, underground engineering quantity becomes more and more, and scale is the most increasing.
The unfavorable geologies such as tomography, solution cavity, underground river are often met with, due to the water body thing to rock during tunnel and underground engineering construction
Reason, chemical action so that tunnel surrounding grade generation rapid drawdown, when constructing tunnel to region residing for water content, former supporting sets
Meter is difficult to maintain surrounding rock stability, easily occurs landslide and gushing water to dash forward mud disaster in tunnel.Tunnel discharge disaster of dashing forward can cause work
Phase delay, abuse, investment cost increase, and the life security of site operation personnel are constituted grave danger simultaneously.
Therefore, what tunnel gushing water dashed forward mud disaster precursor information sentences knowledge, most important for rich water tunnel gushing water mud disaster alarm of dashing forward, for
The Security Construction construction of tunnels and underground engineering is of great importance.Current experts and scholars both domestic and external are for rich water tunnel power calamity
Become mechanical mechanism unclear, and lack the analysis method effectively describing gushing water power catastrophe evolutionary process, not yet can be proposed for
The effective technological means of prominent discharge disaster source feed channel position monitor.
Sentencing knowledge problem for what above tunnel gushing water dashed forward that mud dashes forward the polynary precursor information of discharge disaster, needing one badly can be the most rational
Gushing water is dashed forward collection and the analysis method of mud precursor information.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to as overcoming above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, for tunnel polymorphic type water inrush precursor information monitoring problem,
A kind of tunnel water bursting disaster precursor information monitoring model pilot system and test method are provided, thus abundant rich water tunnel gushing water is many
The unit Forecasting Methodology of precursor information, technology, reduce the loss that tunnel water bursting disaster brings.
For achieving the above object, the present invention uses following technical proposals:
Tunnel water bursting disaster precursor information monitoring model pilot system, constructs system, three axle compression systems including water content and opens
Digging driving system, described three axle compression systems are that water content structure system applies triaxial pressure, and described excavation driving system is located at
Water content structure system treat at excavated surface to water content structure system quantitatively excavate；Described water content structure system
Test data be acquired by data collecting system and be analyzed by data analysis system.
Described water content structure system includes testing block, and test block and three axle compression systems contact；Simulation rich water tunnel
The bad water content of middle polytype, including: the types such as fault belt, water-bearing cave, karst, simulate multiple
The catastrophe evolutionary process of gushing water type, obtains the precursor information of different gushing water type, discloses different gushing water matter energy state and moves
Move and critical characteristic.
Described test block includes model test body, lays some water contents in described model test body；Water content simulation rich water
Tunnel, the making of model test body can be cast-type and prefabricated block is built by laying bricks or stones.
The middle part of described model test body is provided with tunnel portal, arranges data collecting system, described data at described tunnel portal
Acquisition system is connected with data analysis system.
Described model test external body is coated with by frame plate, and the edge of frame plate is provided with force-guided stem；Force-guided stem is in test block
Body pressure process prevents the particular design that pressurized equipment collides.
Described three axle compression systems include test-bed, and described test-bed supports outside support, solid on described outside support
Determining hydraulic means, test block is laid between outside support and test-bed；Three axle hydraulic jack are to test rock block
Apply triaxial pressure, preferably reduction rock block actual forced status.
Described outside support includes the first inverted U structure and the second inverted U structure of perpendicular setting, described first inverted U
Equal fixed hydraulic device on the two side of structure and top board, fixed hydraulic device on the two side of described second inverted U structure,
Each hydraulic means contacts with the outer surface of test block；
Described first inverted U structure and the second inverted U structure are integral type structure；Convenient assembling, three axle compression systems
One applies triaxial pressure for test block.
Preferably, described first inverted U structure is arc-shaped；More material-saving.
Mini optical fibre sensor that described data collecting system includes being embedded in model test body, optic-fiber monitoring system, miniature
Pressure cell, straining brick and be arranged at the Microseismic monitoring system of the external side of model test, the data that data collecting system will gather pass
It is defeated by data analysis system.
Described data analysis system includes that data set is grown up to be a useful person and microseism cymoscope, and data set is grown up to be a useful person and is connected with data collecting system,
Data set is grown up to be a useful person and is also connected with host computer, and microseism cymoscope and host computer connect；The cymoscope of model tunnel internal catches next
Water inrush precursor information, after being transferred to computer, signal is selected, is analyzed and processed by computer program.Summary draws gushing water
Relevant effective precursor information, draws each gushing water metrics-thresholds.
Described pilot system also includes water-bursting predicting early warning system, and described water-bursting predicting early warning system is according to data analysis system
Analytical data is predicted early warning to water bursting disaster.
Described water content is connected with hydraulic pressure flow control system, and described hydraulic pressure flow control system includes power set, described dynamic
Power apparatus is connected with water content by water pump, and described hydraulic pressure flow control system is additionally provided with manometer and flow instrument；Add
In setting-out case, visualization instrument can show the flow of water body, hydraulic pressure in test, needs water body is carried out quantitatively regulating and controlling according to test.
Different water inrush precursor information under research disaster source water-bearing structure difference hydraulic pressure, flow.
Tunnel water bursting disaster precursor information monitoring model test method, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: apply to set pressure, by hydraulic pressure flow control system to water content to test block by three axle compression systems
Apply pressure, the water pressure of record water content and water flow data；
Step 2: operation excavation driving system, quantitatively excavates test block, and records the excavation speed of excavation driving system
Degree, slagging-off amount and digging time；Reducing speed driving, viewing test phenomenon constantly when excavating to water content；
Step 3: catch tunnel water inrush precursor multiple information, be transferred to data analysis system by monitoring element；Multiple information bag
Include displacement, stress, energy, pressure；
Step 4: carry out organizing test, draws gushing water influence index threshold value, to richness by the tunnel gushing water phenomenon relative analysis of many groups more
The gushing water phenomenon quantitative description of water tunnel, sets the threshold value of gushing water multiple information in conjunction with polynary mine water inrush information, uses artificial intelligence
Methods analyst obtains gushing water probability in rich water tunnel work progress.The artificial intelligence approach used can be BP neural network, ash
Color theory, support vector machine etc..
The operation principle of the present invention is:
The present invention is simulated research by the method for indoor model test to rich water tunnel, simulates rock mass three dimension stress and rich water
State, the practical situation of reduction rich water tunnel rock, the water recharging system related in the present invention can be multiple with mock disaster source
Water-bearing structure under form and each index quantification can being regulated and controled, and model tunnel can be carried out by the development machine related in invention
Accurate quantification excavates.The monitoring element being arranged in model tunnel is for catching water proof rock masses fracturing information, rich water tunnel gushing water
Information is finally screened by computer, analyzing and processing, to gushing water probability early warning.The present invention studies tunnel polymorphic type gushing water catastrophe and drills
Change process, discloses gushing water matter energy state transition and critical characteristic thereof.Model test builds diverse characteristics information monitoring system,
Obtain water bursting disaster omen multiple information, study different pregnant calamity pattern gushing water many information data coupling process and face calamity dash forward
Become rule.Excavate the logic symbiosis of many information, set up polynary criterion Early-warning Model, it is achieved the dynamic disasters such as gushing water are drilled
State identification, diverse characteristics information gathering and the integrated forecasting early warning changed.The tunnel gushing water related in present invention mud of dashing forward is dashed forward retention of excessive fluid
The collection of the polynary precursor information of disaster, sentence knowledge pilot system and method, it is possible to reduce the risk in tunnel construction construction greatly,
There is provided strong foundation and guarantee for safe construction, be prevented effectively from during constructing tunnel and prominent discharge disaster occurs.
The invention have the benefit that
1. the present invention designs multiple disaster source water body type, water-bearing structure internal different hydraulic pressure flow, flows, enrich prominent
The form in water disaster source, enriches multiple gushing water type and rich water form.Under the different shape of research water bursting disaster source, before gushing water
Million information.
Model tunnel excavation is tunneled by the most controlled excavation development machine, explores energetic disturbance induced water inrush catastrophe evolutionary process, obtains
The multidate information of water proof rock masses fracturing.Meanwhile, simulation of excavation process preferably reduces constructing tunnel, simulation rich water tunnel pick
Enter process, offer reference for site operation.
3. build diverse characteristics information monitoring system, obtain water bursting disaster omen multiple information, study different pregnant calamity pattern gushing water
Many information data coupling process and face calamity sudden change rule, provide theoretical and technical support for water inrush precursor.
4. excavate the logic symbiosis of many information, set up polynary criterion Early-warning Model, it is achieved the dynamic disasters such as gushing water develop
State identification, diverse characteristics information gathering and integrated forecasting early warning, establish a set of perfect water-bursting predicting pre-alarming system.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the model assay systems schematic diagram of tunnel gushing water and omen multiple-index monitoring thereof；
Fig. 2 is test compression system schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is test block schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is model tunnel excavation heading equipment schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 a is monitoring section laying element schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 b is monitoring location scope schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 c is that monitoring section lays scope schematic diagram.
Wherein: 1 test block, 2 excavate development machines, 3 hydraulic pressure flow control systems, and 4 data sets are grown up to be a useful person, 5 computers, and 6
Motor, 7 hydraulic pressure instrument, 8 water level instrument, 9 force-guided stems, 10 tunnel portals, 11 steel plates, 12 3 axle compression systems,
13 cutterheads, 14 motors, 15 jack, 16 base plates, 17 inverted U outside supports, 18 circular-arc-shaped exterior supports, 19 is very heavy
Top, 20 pressurised water tanks.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is further described with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As it is shown in figure 1, the model assay systems of a kind of tunnel water inrush precursor information monitoring, pilot system includes, three axle pressurizations
System 12, water content structure system, hydraulic pressure flow control system 3, excavation driving system, data set grow up to be a useful person 4, data analysis
System, computer 5, water-bursting predicting early warning system.
Three axle compression system 12: three axle hydraulic jack apply triaxial pressure to test rock block, preferably reduce rock block
Actual forced status.Test-bed modularity, it is possible to assembled；Interior cloth oil cylinder, is increased or decreased accordingly with stand Pin number；Examination
The circular design testing stand saves steel.Three axle compression systems are that test body applies three-way axis power, for watching by hydraulic jack
Clothes control device.Three axle compression systems 12 are included in the inverted U outside support 17 in direction before and after test block 1 outside is arranged
With the circular-arc-shaped exterior support 18 arranged at left and right directions, inverted U outside support 17 and circular-arc-shaped exterior support 18 are at top
Connecting, the top of circular-arc-shaped exterior support 18 and left and right sides portion are all connected with jack 19, before inverted U outside support 17
After be all connected with jack, the jack at the top of circular-arc-shaped exterior support 18 corresponding to test block 1 end face steel plate 10 exert a force,
Realize σ1Loading；The jack in circular-arc-shaped exterior support 18 left and right sides portion exerts a force corresponding to test block 1 left and right directions,
Realize σ2Loading；The jack of inverted U outside support 17 fore-and-aft direction is corresponding to test block 1 fore-and-aft direction, it is achieved σ3
Loading.
As in figure 2 it is shown, hydraulic pressure flow control system 3 includes that motor 6, motor 6 are connected with water content by water pump, add
Setting-out case 20 is provided with hydraulic pressure instrument 7 and water level instrument 8.
Hydraulic pressure flow control system 3: in pressurised water tank 20, visualization instrument can show the flow of water body, hydraulic pressure, root in test
Need water body is carried out quantitatively regulating and controlling according to test.Before different gushing water under research disaster source water-bearing structure difference hydraulic pressure, flow
Million information.Hydraulic pressure flow control system, including manometer, flow instrument.Required to test by regulation and control pressurization motor
Water source quantitatively regulates.
As it is shown on figure 3, water content structure system: the bad water content of polytype in simulation rich water tunnel, including: disconnected
The types such as layer crushed zone, water-bearing cave, karst, simulate the catastrophe evolutionary process of multiple gushing water type, obtain difference prominent
The precursor information of water type, discloses different gushing water matter energy state transition and critical characteristic thereof.
Water content structure system is test block 1, and test block 1 is a length of 2.5m of specification, a width of 2m, the rock of a height of 2m
Stone body, maximum excavation hole diameter 200mm.The making of model test body can be cast-type and prefabricated block is built by laying bricks or stones.Test
Block 1 is made up of tunnel portal 10, water content, force-guided stem 9, steel plate 11.Wherein monitoring element is arranged at tunnel portal,
Water content simulation rich water tunnel, force-guided stem be then in test block pressure process prevent that pressurized equipment from colliding special
Design.
As shown in Figure 4, excavate driving system: the excavation development machine of accurate quantification carries out excavation driving to model test apparatus,
Preferably tunnel piercing dynamic process in reduction reality, offers reference for site operation.Simulation tunnel excavation driving situation is to mould
Type test body is the most accurately excavated.
Excavation driving system is excavation development machine 2, and excavation development machine 2 is the minimole of adequacy test system, excavation pick
Enter machine 2 and include base plate 16, base plate 16 arranges jack 15, jack 15 jacking seat board, seat board arranges motor 14,
Motor 14 is connected with driving portion, and end, driving portion arranges cutterhead 13, and cutterhead 13 tunnels in test block 1.
Data collecting system, uses multiple mini optical fibre sensor and the optic-fiber monitoring system of multiple information parallel acquisition, and joins
Close use the special Microseismic monitoring system of gushing water, micro pressure box and strain brick, can implementation model stress, displacement, osmotic pressure and
The collection of many information such as microseism information, is realized information real-time automatic collecting by computer program.Mini optical fibre sensor, light
Fine monitoring system, micro pressure box and strain brick are monitoring element, in monitoring element laying at different section such as Fig. 5 a
Shown in, in Fig. 5 a 1,2,3,4,5,6,7, the installation position that position is monitoring element at 8 places.Monitoring element
Lay gamut and cover gushing water region.
Fig. 5 b is given monitoring element areal map of installation position in test block 1；Fig. 5 c is given monitoring section 1,2,
3,4 artwork on tunnel piercing direction.
Data analysis system: the cymoscope of model tunnel internal catches the water inrush precursor information of coming, after being transferred to computer, meter
Signal is selected, is analyzed and processed by calculation machine program.Sum up the effective precursor information showing that gushing water is relevant, show that each gushing water refers to
Mark threshold value.Data analysis system, including cymoscope, integrator, computer.Computerized algorithm is to water inrush precursor multiple information
Carry out selecting, analyzing and processing, establish gushing water index of correlation threshold value by many group result of the tests.
Water-bursting predicting early warning system: water inrush precursor multiple information identification model based on Gaussian process and Bayesian discrimination theory,
By omen multiple information evolution Feature with identify that model is counter pushes away water bursting disaster probability of happening, is finally predicted water bursting disaster
Early warning.Gushing water influence index is evaluated by water-bursting predicting early warning system, it is provided that gushing water event Probability, for prediction and warning
Monitoring technology provides to be supported.
1-5 below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, describes tunnel gushing water and the model assay systems of omen multiple-index monitoring thereof and method thereof in detail
Step.
Preparatory stage:
According to the model assay systems schematic diagram of Fig. 1 tunnel gushing water and omen multiple-index monitoring thereof, pour test model, its
The a length of 2.5m of specification, a width of 2m, the rock block of a height of 2m, built-in various complicated water contents: fault belt, aqueous
The type such as solution cavity, karst.Assembled test-bed module, interior cloth jack.Bury underground according to Fig. 5 a, 5b, 5c design drawing
Monitoring element.Assembled hydraulic devices, connects monitoring element and grows up to be a useful person and computer with data set.
Experimental stage:
1. apply desirable pressure to test block by three axle hydraulic means, and by outside hydraulic devices in test block body
The water content in portion applies pressure.According to meter reading record water pressure, water flow value, prepare for later data analysis.
2. operation tunnel excavation development machine, quantitatively excavates model tunnel.Record development machine a rate of advance, slagging-off amount,
Digging time.Slowly tunneling when excavating near water content, viewing test phenomenon constantly, such as the aqueous situation of face etc..
3. catch tunnel water inrush precursor multiple information, be transferred to data set by monitoring element and grow up to be a useful person, finally arrive computer.
Computer passes through programmed algorithm, screens effective information.
4. by many group tunnels gushing water phenomenon summary gushing water influence index threshold value, the gushing water phenomenon quantitative description to rich water tunnel,
Set the threshold value of gushing water multiple information in conjunction with polynary mine water inrush information, provide gushing water probability in rich water tunnel work progress.
Although the detailed description of the invention of the present invention is described by the above-mentioned accompanying drawing that combines, but not to scope
Limiting, one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that, on the basis of technical scheme, those skilled in the art are not required to
Various amendments that creative work to be paid can be made or deformation are still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. tunnel water bursting disaster precursor information monitoring model pilot system, is characterized in that, constructs system, three axles including water content
Compression system and excavation driving system, described three axle compression systems are that water content structure system applies triaxial pressure, described excavation
Driving system be located at water content structure system treat at excavated surface to water content structure system quantitatively excavate；Described contain
The test data of water body structure system is acquired by data collecting system and is analyzed by data analysis system.
2. monitoring model pilot system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described water content structure system includes test
Block, test block and three axle compression systems contact；Described test block includes model test body, described model test body
The some water contents of interior laying.
3. monitoring model pilot system as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, the middle part of described model test body is provided with tunnel
Hole, road, arranges data collecting system at described tunnel portal, described data collecting system is connected with data analysis system；Institute
Stating model test external body to be coated with by frame plate, the edge of frame plate is provided with force-guided stem.
4. monitoring model pilot system as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, described three axle compression systems include testing stand
Frame, described test-bed supports outside support, fixed hydraulic device on described outside support, and test block is laid in outside
Between support and test-bed.
5. monitoring model pilot system as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, described outside support includes perpendicular setting
The first inverted U structure and the second inverted U structure, equal fixed hydraulic on the two side of described first inverted U structure and top board
Device, fixed hydraulic device on the two side of described second inverted U structure, each hydraulic means and the outer surface phase testing block
Contact；Described first inverted U structure and the second inverted U structure are integral type structure；Described first inverted U structure is circular arc
Shape.
6. the monitoring model pilot system as described in claim 1 or 3, is characterized in that, described data collecting system includes burying
The mini optical fibre sensor, optic-fiber monitoring system, the micro pressure box that are located in model test body, strain brick and be arranged at model
Microseismic monitoring system outside test body, the data of collection are transferred to data analysis system by data collecting system.
7. monitoring model pilot system as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, described data analysis system includes data set
Growing up to be a useful person and microseism cymoscope, data set is grown up to be a useful person and is connected with data collecting system, and data set is grown up to be a useful person and is also connected with host computer, microseism
Cymoscope and host computer connect.
8. monitoring model pilot system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described pilot system also includes water-bursting predicting
Early warning system, described water-bursting predicting early warning system is predicted early warning according to the analytical data of data analysis system to water bursting disaster.
9. monitoring model pilot system as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, described water content and hydraulic pressure Flow-rate adjustment system
System connects, and described hydraulic pressure flow control system includes power set, and described power set are connected with water content by water pump, institute
State and on hydraulic pressure flow control system, be additionally provided with manometer and flow instrument.
10. tunnel water bursting disaster precursor information monitoring model test method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: apply to set pressure, by hydraulic pressure flow control system to water content to test block by three axle compression systems
Apply pressure, the water pressure of record water content and water flow data；
Step 2: operation excavation driving system, quantitatively excavates test block, and records the excavation speed of excavation driving system
Degree, slagging-off amount and digging time；Reducing speed driving, viewing test phenomenon constantly when excavating to water content；
Step 3: catch tunnel water inrush precursor multiple information, be transferred to data analysis system by monitoring element；
Step 4: carry out organizing test, draws gushing water influence index threshold value, to richness by the tunnel gushing water phenomenon relative analysis of many groups more
The gushing water phenomenon quantitative description of water tunnel, sets the threshold value of gushing water multiple information in conjunction with polynary mine water inrush information, uses artificial intelligence
Methods analyst obtains gushing water probability in rich water tunnel work progress.
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| CN114636581B (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2022-10-11 | 福建永强岩土股份有限公司 | Karst region building simulation device and detection method |
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