CN103790582A - Geostress measuring device and method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering and provides a geostress measuring device and method. The device comprises a steering drill bit, a positioning device, a collecting device and a measuring and calculating device, wherein the steering drill bit is a directional drill, the positioning device comprises a position evaluation unit and a releasing unit, the collecting device comprises sensors, a recording unit and a transmission unit, the measuring and calculating device comprises a receiving unit, a control unit and a calculating unit, the positioning device controls the drilling depth and position of the steering drill bit and controls the releasing of the collecting device, and the measuring and calculating device receives parameters collected by the collecting device for analysis and calculation to determine geostress and the state of the broken rock zone of a roadway. According to the geostress measuring device and method, comprehensive analysis is conducted on the geostress and the state of the broken rock zone through comprehensive measurement achieved by means of multiple sensors arranged at any specified positions, and due to the adoption of multiple methods for joint observation, advantage complementation among different observation methods is achieved, and the credibility of measurement results is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, in particular to a ground stress measuring device and method.
Background
The ground stress is the geological structure of fold, fracture, joint and the like formed by the crustal rock body, so that the fundamental acting force of earthquake and the essential acting force for causing mining and other various underground engineering and damage, the size and the direction of the ground stress have decisive influence on the stability of the surrounding rock of the roadway, and the action of the ground stress is more and more important along with the continuous deepening of the mining depth of the mine. The phenomena of geological disasters such as maintenance of deep high-ground-stress roadways, rock burst, gas outburst and the like are inseparable from the ground stress. The stress distribution rule, the magnitude and the direction in the area of the ground mine area are accurately measured, the basis for reasonably arranging the roadway is also the premise of selecting the roadway support design and maintenance scheme and avoiding geological disasters, a large amount of support and maintenance cost can be saved, and the economic benefit is obviously improved.
In the 60's of the 20 th century, the ground stress measurement theory and method showed diversified development trend, and the stress relief method and the hydraulic fracturing method, etc. were dominant, and a series of methods for indirectly measuring ground stress, such as an acoustic emission method, a strain recovery method, a borehole collapse method, a core-balling method, a geological structure analysis method, a stress inversion method, etc., were also emerging. After the 80's of the 20 th century, ground stress measurements have received widespread attention from countries throughout the world.
The method for measuring the loose circle of the surrounding rock at home and abroad mainly comprises a seismic method, a resistivity method, an ultrasonic method, a borehole photography method and the like, and various methods have certain adaptability. At present, an ultrasonic measurement method is generally adopted, and the method utilizes the principle that the propagation speed of ultrasonic waves in a rock mass is related to the stress and the fracture condition of the rock mass. And determining the position of each test drilling hole surrounding rock loosening point of the test roadway by drawing a relation curve of the ultrasonic propagation time and the test drilling depth, and connecting each loosening point by using a smooth curve to obtain the test roadway surrounding rock loosening zone.
In recent years, people gradually recognize that no ground stress measurement method in the prior art can adapt to and be competent for all purposes and environments due to the high complexity and heterogeneity of the earth crust, and the measurement result has certain limitations and is difficult to meet the requirement of underground engineering operation with high safety requirements under complex environments.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows:
in view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to realize flexible and reliable diversified stress measurement.
(II) technical scheme
To achieve the above object, in one aspect, the present invention provides a ground stress measuring apparatus comprising: the device comprises a steering drill bit, a positioning device, a collecting device and a measuring and calculating device; the steering drill bit is a directional drill, the positioning device comprises a position estimation unit and a throwing unit, the acquisition device comprises a sensor, a recording unit and a transmission unit, and the measuring and calculating device comprises a receiving unit, a control unit and a calculating unit; the positioning device controls the drilling depth and position of the steering drill bit and controls the throwing of the collecting device; and the measuring and calculating device receives the parameters acquired by the acquisition device for analysis and calculation, and determines the ground stress and the state of the roadway loosening ring.
Preferably, the directional drill comprises a drilling machine, a drill rod and a drill bit, wherein the drill rod can deflect to the second direction after drilling into the specified depth in the first direction, and drives the drill bit to continue drilling in the second direction.
Preferably, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.
Preferably, the first direction is a horizontal direction, and the second direction is a vertical direction.
Preferably, the drill bit can be additionally provided with a reamer.
Preferably, the sensor is a combination of a plurality of sensors.
Preferably, the collecting device further comprises a hydraulic system.
Preferably, the acquisition device further comprises a visual unit, wherein the visual unit is movably arranged in the roadway. .
On the other hand, the invention also provides a ground stress measuring method adopting the device, which comprises the following steps:
estimating a test position, drilling a steering drill bit into the rock body to a specified depth, and performing directional reaming on the test position;
putting a sensor at the test position;
collecting ground stress values in three directions, and obtaining stress-strain, strain-time curves of the release ring for unloading; accurately recording the collected ground stress and the relevant parameters of the loosening ring, and implementing and transmitting the parameters to a measuring and calculating device;
receiving the parameters, analyzing and calculating, and determining the distribution, the size and the direction of the ground stress, and the diffusion speed and the diffusion rule of the loose circle of the roadway.
Preferably, the method further comprises the step of: and a hydraulic system is adopted to control the pressure relief rate according to a preset unloading range, so that the influence caused by the unloading effect of different rock types in the roadway excavation process is simulated, and corresponding parameters are collected.
(III) technical effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides the ground stress measuring equipment and the ground stress measuring method, comprehensive measurement is carried out by arranging a plurality of sensors at any specified position, the states of the ground stress and the loosening ring are comprehensively analyzed, and the measurement adopts a plurality of methods for combined observation, so that the advantage complementation among different observation methods is realized, and the reliability of the measurement result is effectively improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the effect of directional drilling to ream a borehole in one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graphical representation of the effect of stress ring acquisition parameters in one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the effect of the hydraulic system on the pressurization and pressure relief measurements in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
The ground stress is a composition of rock mass mechanical properties, and has dual properties, namely, the occurrence condition of the rock mass on one hand, and the occurrence of the ground stress in the rock mass on the other hand, and the ground stress has the same property with the rock mass composition on the left and right. The internal stress of rock mass has two components: constructing residual stress, namely rock elastic deformation stress; frozen-in stress is the stress enclosed in the mineral. Therefore, the constitutive features of the rock mass are inseparable from the state of the ground stress imparted to the rock mass. It is expressed in three aspects: affecting the bearing capacity of the rock mass; influence the deformation and damage mechanism of the rock mass; affecting the propagation law of the stress in the rock mass. The ground stress plays an important role in production such as mining, underground engineering, energy development and the like.
Our country's crustal stress measurement experiment and research began in the late 50 s of the 20 th century and was conducted by the pioneering organization of the mr. Liquan and the professor Chengzheng. In the past decades, even though the in-situ stress test in China has been rapidly developed, the in-situ stress test can be divided into three main categories according to the measurement principle: (1) mechanical methods based on measuring strain and deformation in rock mass, such as stress recovery method, piezomagnetic stress relief method and hydraulic fracturing method; (2) the geophysical method is based on measuring the change of the acoustic wave propagation rule, resistivity or other physical quantities in the rock mass; (3) the stress direction is determined according to the information provided by geological structures and underground rock mass destruction conditions.
The traditional ground stress measurement method is single, only partial information of the rock mass can be reflected as a result, and the method has strong limitation. In order to meet the requirement of safe construction in a complex environment, the technical scheme of the invention provides equipment and a method capable of carrying out comprehensive measurement at any specified position.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a ground stress measuring apparatus includes: the device comprises a steering drill bit, a positioning device, a collecting device and a measuring and calculating device; the steering drill bit is a directional drill, the positioning device comprises a position estimation unit and a throwing unit, the acquisition device comprises a sensor, a recording unit and a transmission unit, and the measuring and calculating device comprises a receiving unit, a control unit and a calculating unit; the positioning device controls the drilling depth and position of the steering drill bit and controls the throwing of the collecting device; and the measuring and calculating device receives the parameters acquired by the acquisition device for analysis and calculation, and determines the ground stress and the state of the roadway loosening ring.
The directional drill comprises a drilling machine, a drill rod and a drill bit, wherein the drill rod can deflect towards the second direction after drilling into a specified depth in the first direction, and drives the drill bit to continue drilling in the second direction. Preferably, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. More preferably, as shown in fig. 1, the first direction is a horizontal direction and the second direction is a vertical direction. In addition, the drill bit can be additionally provided with a reamer for directional reaming to a specified test position after the pilot hole is drilled.
The position estimation unit of the positioning device pre-estimates the test position, calculates the actual position in the drilling process, and stops drilling when the specified test position is reached; and the throwing unit throws the acquisition device to a specified test position while reaming or after reaming.
The acquisition device comprises various sensors, preferably pressure sensors, ultrasonic sensors, electromagnetic sensors and the like. As shown in fig. 2, strain rings are placed at a plurality of positions of the drilled main hole or branch hole to collect a plurality of strain parameters, and the strain rings are coupled with an external recording unit to record collected information in real time. The acquisition device can also comprise a monitoring unit and an alarm instrument, monitors the operation environment in real time according to the acquired information, and warns correspondingly according to different conditions. More preferably, the collecting device further comprises a hydraulic system, as shown in fig. 3, the hydraulic system is used for controlling the pressure relief rate according to a preset unloading range, simulating the influence caused by the unloading effect of different rock types in the roadway excavation process and collecting corresponding parameters; the setting of the unloading range and the control of the pressure relief rate are completed by the measuring and calculating unit.
The measuring and calculating device is usually arranged outside a roadway, is communicated with the acquisition device in a wired or wireless mode, receives parameter information transmitted by the acquisition device, analyzes and calculates the parameter information, and determines the state of the ground stress and the state of the loosening ring. The typical measurement and calculation comprises the steps of calculating the maximum stress value, the minimum stress value and the middle stress value of a test position according to ground stress test values of three directions collected by the test position, and determining the distribution, the magnitude and the direction of the ground stress; and determining the diffusion speed, diffusion rule and the like of the loose circle of the roadway according to the data and the curve of the loose circle. Preferably, the radial and normal stress-strain curves and the time-displacement curves of the loose rings can be measured according to the stress-strain curves and the strain-time curves under the unloading action, and the expansion conditions and the expansion speed of the loose rings which can be generated are determined. In addition, the measuring and calculating device also analyzes and controls the working state of the collecting device, the measuring range and the precision of the collecting device are determined by the comprehensive test result, and the repeated debugging is carried out to obtain various comprehensive parameters of various rock masses under the corresponding stress conditions. And the measuring and calculating device also controls the acquisition device to complete the monitoring and alarming of the working environment when necessary.
Preferably, the acquisition device further comprises a visual unit which can be arranged in the hole in a moving mode, and besides acquiring image parameters in the hole to measure and calculate, the working conditions of all devices can be monitored in real time during drilling and testing. When the device is placed at another depth, the next round of testing and monitoring is continued, so that the testing experiment of the ground stress and the loosening ring of the rock bodies at different depths is accurately, quickly and reliably completed.
Based on the equipment, the invention also provides a ground stress measuring method, which comprises the following steps:
estimating a test position, drilling a steering drill bit into the rock body to a specified depth, and performing directional reaming on the test position;
putting a sensor at the test position;
collecting ground stress values in three directions, and obtaining stress-strain, strain-time curves of the release ring for unloading; accurately recording the collected ground stress and the relevant parameters of the loosening ring, and implementing and transmitting the parameters to a measuring and calculating device;
receiving the parameters, analyzing and calculating, and determining the distribution, the size and the direction of the ground stress, and the diffusion speed and the diffusion rule of the loose circle of the roadway.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides the ground stress measuring equipment and the ground stress measuring method, comprehensive measurement is carried out by arranging a plurality of sensors at any specified position, the states of the ground stress and the loosening ring are comprehensively analyzed, and the measurement adopts a plurality of methods for combined observation, so that the advantage complementation among different observation methods is realized, and the reliability of the measurement result is effectively improved.
Although the present invention has been described in connection with preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the methods and systems of the present invention are not limited to the embodiments described in the detailed description, and various modifications, additions, and substitutions are possible, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.
Claims (10)
1. An earth stress measuring apparatus, characterized in that the apparatus comprises: the device comprises a steering drill bit, a positioning device, a collecting device and a measuring and calculating device; wherein,
the steering drill bit is a directional drill, the positioning device comprises a position estimation unit and a throwing unit, the acquisition device comprises a sensor, a recording unit and a transmission unit, and the measuring and calculating device comprises a receiving unit, a control unit and a calculating unit;
the positioning device controls the drilling depth and position of the steering drill bit and controls the throwing of the collecting device; and the measuring and calculating device receives the parameters acquired by the acquisition device for analysis and calculation, and determines the ground stress and the state of the roadway loosening ring.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the directional drill comprises a drill, a drill rod, and a drill bit, wherein the drill rod is deflectable in a first direction into a specified depth and drives the drill bit to continue drilling in a second direction.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.
4. The apparatus of claim 2 or 3, wherein the first direction is a horizontal direction and the second direction is a vertical direction.
5. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the drill bit is further adapted to be fitted with a reamer.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sensor is a combination of a plurality of sensors.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the collection device further comprises a hydraulic system.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the collection device further comprises a visualization unit, the visualization unit being movably disposed within the roadway.
9. A method of measuring geostress, the method comprising the steps of:
estimating a test position, drilling a steering drill bit into the rock body to a specified depth, and performing directional reaming on the test position;
putting a sensor at the test position;
collecting ground stress values in three directions, and obtaining stress-strain, strain-time curves of the release ring for unloading; accurately recording the collected ground stress and the relevant parameters of the loosening ring, and implementing and transmitting the parameters to a measuring and calculating device;
receiving the parameters, analyzing and calculating, and determining the distribution, the size and the direction of the ground stress, and the diffusion speed and the diffusion rule of the loose circle of the roadway.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the method further comprises the steps of: and a hydraulic system is adopted to control the pressure relief rate according to a preset unloading range, so that the influence caused by the unloading effect of different rock types in the roadway excavation process is simulated, and corresponding parameters are collected.
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Cited By (7)
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| CN109577971A (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2019-04-05 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Detecting earth stress device and test method |
| CN110107306A (en) * | 2019-03-16 | 2019-08-09 | 重庆大学 | The hot broken rock method of disposal of boulder in a kind of shield-tunneling construction |
| CN110374584A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2019-10-25 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of tunnel relaxation zone and the area visualization detection method that leaks out that drills |
| CN110440964A (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2019-11-12 | 中国地震局地质研究所 | Method, system and the device changed using temperature observation crustal stress |
| CN113008125A (en) * | 2021-02-25 | 2021-06-22 | 安徽省交通控股集团有限公司 | Tunnel surrounding rock internal deformation monitoring method |
| CN114215503A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-03-22 | 中煤科工开采研究院有限公司 | Equipment and method for testing roadway surrounding rock loosening ring |
| CN117189092A (en) * | 2023-08-16 | 2023-12-08 | 中国矿业大学 | Soft rock ground stress testing method based on drilling cuttings particle size distribution |
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| CN117189092A (en) * | 2023-08-16 | 2023-12-08 | 中国矿业大学 | Soft rock ground stress testing method based on drilling cuttings particle size distribution |
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