CN110440964A - Method, system and the device changed using temperature observation crustal stress - Google Patents
Method, system and the device changed using temperature observation crustal stress Download PDFInfo
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- CN110440964A CN110440964A CN201810419431.XA CN201810419431A CN110440964A CN 110440964 A CN110440964 A CN 110440964A CN 201810419431 A CN201810419431 A CN 201810419431A CN 110440964 A CN110440964 A CN 110440964A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 87
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 25
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005483 Hooke's law Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000290158 Scapteriscus vicinus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012625 in-situ measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011545 laboratory measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method, system and device changed using temperature observation crustal stress.The device can calculate the variation of crustal stress based on the Temperature Distribution of peephole surrounding.Therefore, by so that crustal stress variation is easy observation, and being advantageously implemented the long term monitoring of stress dynamic change to observe the crustal stress variation for belonging to vector using the peephole temperature for belonging to scalar.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the fields of observation crustal stress variation, and in particular, to a kind of to be observed using peephole temperature
Method, system and the device of crustal stress variation.
Background technique
The observation of crustal stress, for engineering constructions such as such as bridge, tunnel, nuclear power stations, and for such as geological process, plate
It is extremely important for the research such as block movement, seismic activity.
However, there are significant differences for measurement crustal stress and conventional method for measuring stress due to the particularity of rock.Specifically
Ground, crustal stress belong to compression, it is necessary to measure in rock interior.The method of measurement crustal stress specifically includes that hydraulic pressure
Fracturing method, Borehole Breakout Data, (Arno Z the and O.Stephansson, 2010, Stress Field of such as strain restoring method
the Earth's Crust,Springer,Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York；
Fairhurst,2003.Stress estimation in rock:a brief history and
review.International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 40(7-8):
957-973；Ljunggrena C.,Yanting Changa,Jansonb T.,Christianssonc R.,2003,An
overview of rock stress measurement methods,International Journal of Rock
Mechanics&Mining Sciences, 40:975-989), and these methods concentrate on static measurement.For the dynamic earth's crust
Stress measurement mainly has borehole strain measurement.The main problem of borehole strain measurement is: belonging to the range of deformation dynamometry, rock
The deformation of stone is minimum, needs the coupled problem of special processing equipment and rock mass.Often since coupled relation is unclear, observe
As a result it is difficult to explain.Even, since coupled problem is dealt with improperly, rock deformation is not observed.Especially in complicated geology item
Under part, coupled problem is extremely prominent.Therefore, although deformation measurement can achieve high precision, such as reach 10-12
(Fairhurst,2003,Stress estimation in rock:a brief history and
review.International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 40(7-8):
957-973；Ouyang Zuxi, Li Bingyuan, Jia Weijiu etc., a kind of drilling well type geostress survey system, earth crust structure and crustal stress
Collected works (2), Earthquake Press, 1988), but due to coupled problem, being widely used for this method is still restricted.
Therefore, the process although crustal stress changes with time has great significance for many fields of ground, by
In the limitation for the complexity and observation technology for being limited by geological conditions, dynamic in-situ stress monitoring is extremely difficult.It is deformed with passing through
Dynamometry (such as borehole strain measurement) is different, we have proposed using temperature measurement stress state method (Chen Shunyun,
Liu Peixun,Liu Liqiang,Ma Jin,Bedrock temperature as a potential method for
monitoring change in crustal stress:Theory,in situ measurement,and a case
History, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 123 (2016): 22-33), referred to as " heat surveys stress ".Heat is surveyed
The advantages of stress is: the Coupling Deformation of equipment and rock mass is converted to thermal coupling.In contrast, thermal coupling is easy to accomplish.Heat
After surveying the thinking proposition of stress, preliminary explorative research has been carried out in practice.Presently, there are the problem of be, before heat survey
Stress is only capable of measuring the size of crustal stress, and can not obtain the direction of stress variation.Since stress is vector, if only obtained
Size limits the deep application of result.
This invention is concentrated and how is solved by temperature measurement stress variation direction on the basis of original heat surveys stress
Thinking and method.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above existing problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of by utilizing the peephole temperature for belonging to scalar
Degree, the device and method to observe the crustal stress variation for belonging to vector, so that crustal stress variation is easy observation, and advantageous
In the long term monitoring for realizing stress dynamic change.
According to the one side of invention, a kind of method of observation crustal stress variation is provided, described method includes following steps:
First determines step, the relationship for temperature distribution and stress variation；Second determines step, for determining circular hole temperature point
The relationship of cloth and stress variation；And third determines step, for determining what step and the second determining step determined according to first
Relationship, to determine earth's crust stress variation.
By the way that the description of exemplary embodiment, other aspects of the present invention be will be apparent referring to the drawings.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is to exemplify to carry out geological drilling to rock according to embodiments of the present invention, (is also referred to as observed with drilling out measured hole
Hole) schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is to exemplify the schematic diagram for installing temperature measurement equipment on institute's the wall of a borehole according to embodiments of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the temperature sensor distribution sectional view exemplified in temperature measurement equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is to exemplify the flow chart of measurement crustal stress variation according to an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is to illustrate the schematical structural block diagram of the device of observation crustal stress variation according to an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is to illustrate the schematical structural block diagram of the system of observation crustal stress variation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of symbols:
R. rock H. measured hole
10. observing 11. connection of stress variation device
12. 121. temperature sensor of temperature measurement equipment
13. Stress calculation unit
131. 133. third determination unit of the first 132. second determination unit of determination unit
20. 30. storage unit of micro-control unit
Specific embodiment
Exemplary embodiment of the present invention is described next, with reference to attached drawing.Within the scope of the claims, following example
Property embodiment is not intended to limit the present invention.For technical solution of the present invention, not all features described in exemplary embodiment
Combination be all essential.
The embodiment of the present invention is illustratively described next, with reference to attached drawing.
Fig. 1 is to exemplify to carry out geological drilling to rock R according to embodiments of the present invention, to drill out the schematic diagram of measured hole H.
Rock is carried out to may include the step of selecting measurement point position before geological drilling.Measurement point position can be according to engineering construction or ground
The demands such as matter research select.After selecting measurement point position, engineering drilling well is carried out to measurement point position, and acquire rock sample.Engineering
Measured hole is obtained after drilling well, and subsequent operation is carried out based on the measured hole.
Fig. 2 is to exemplify the schematic diagram for installing temperature measurement equipment 12 on institute's the wall of a borehole according to embodiments of the present invention.Fig. 3
It is that the temperature sensor 121 exemplified in temperature measurement equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention is distributed sectional view.Complete engineering
After drilling well, temperature measurement equipment 12 is installed on the inner wall of measured hole.In the present embodiment, as shown in Fig. 2, in an illustrative manner
Three temperature measurement equipments are shown to be mounted at the different depth of measured hole.These three temperature measurement equipments 12 can be by communicating
Line 11 is electrically connected.Connection 11 is the connection illustrated, is not necessarily wired structure, is also possible to wireless communication
Structure, as long as the signal of equipment room and the communication of data can be completed.In addition, the present invention is not limited thereto, temperature measurement
Equipment 12 can be within three or three or more.Here, temperature measurement equipment 12 can be the survey including temperature sensor 121
Measure equipment.One temperature measurement equipment may include several temperature sensors.For example, as shown in figure 3, implementing according to the present invention
The temperature measurement equipment including eight temperature sensors 121 is disposed on the cross section of the measurement of example.With eight temperature sensing
The temperature measurement equipment of device can carry out the angle of eight equal parts according to the circular hole to an entire circumference, to the periphery temperature of measured hole
Degree measures.
Fig. 4 is to exemplify the flow chart of measurement crustal stress variation according to an embodiment of the present invention.It is retouched below with reference to Fig. 4
State the flow chart 400 of measurement crustal stress variation.
In step S401, measurement point position is selected, that is, selects place to be observed.After selecting measurement point position, in step
It in rapid S402, drills at measurement point position, and acquire rock sample, specifically, drilling well is carried out using engineering machinery, is acquired simultaneously
Rock specimens.
In step S403, temperature measurement equipment is installed to the borehole wall (observation hole wall), specifically, installation borehole wall temperature is surveyed
Equipment is measured, each temperature measurement equipment at least needs 4 temperature sensors, observe the temperature change of four direction, however this reality
Example is applied to be not limited to this, it can be as shown in figure 3, including 8 temperature sensors.
In step s 404, it is based on above-mentioned steps S402 rock sample collected, in laboratory measurement thermal stress coefficient, specifically
Ground measures rock sample thermal physical property parameter, and analyzes borehole wall Temperature Distribution.
In step S405, according to following each formula, stress is calculated and determined based on the distribution situation of borehole wall temperature
The size and Orientation of variation.
<relationship of Temperature Distribution and stress variation>
For the thermodynamic state of general elastic system, can be retouched with stress (σ), strain (ε) and three parameters of temperature (T)
It states, is write as differential form (Hsieh J. (1975), Principles of Thermodynamics, McGraw-Hill Book
Company, Scripta Book Company, Washington D.C.):
D σ=Ed ε+β dT (1)
Wherein, E is Young's modulus, and β is thermal stress coefficient.This state equation is often used in answering caused by research is expanded with heat and contract with cold
Power problem, but be related to stress and the research of temperature change is caused seldom to arouse attention.
For theoretically, for isothermal condition (dT=0), (1) formula becomes Hooke's law:
D σ=Ed ε (2)
For adiabatic condition, the state equation of solid elastic deformation is no longer Hooke's law, and the material of expanded by heating also can
Be pressurized heating.At this time:
Δ T=aT Δ σv (3)
Wherein, T is initial temperature, and a is thermal constant related with material properties, Δ σvFor body stress variation, Δ T is
Temperature change.In the present embodiment, heat related to this, referred to as flexible deformation heat.
In turn, (3) formula, can be written as:
Δσv=b Δ T/T (4)
Wherein, b is constant, b=1/a.That is, the variation of stress can be obtained by measurement temperature change.This
When, temperature change only and body stress Δ σvIt is related, it is also necessary to further to obtain the direction of stress variation.
<relationship of circular hole Temperature Distribution and stress variation>
In view of crustal stress measures, generally requires and carried out in hole.Therefore, the direction of stress variation can use circular hole
Geometric effect obtain.
Using infinite space plane circular hole problem.X and the far field stress of Y-direction areWithAndCause
This, the stress distribution inside circular hole are as follows:
Correspondingly, body stress σvAre as follows:
For circular hole surface, there is r=a, have:
Pass through above formula, it is only necessary to measure two different directions θ1And θ2Stress variation, it can obtain the stress in far field
Variation.That is, according to stress and temperature relation, as long as obtaining the Temperature Distribution of circular hole surrounding, it can obtain far field
Stress variation.
According to (4) formula, the relationship of Hole Stress and temperature change is:
Δσv(a, θ)=c Δ T (a, θ) (10)
Wherein,
Therefore, the relationship of peephole temperature change Yu far field stress can be obtained:
By (11a, 11b) formula, the temperature change in both direction is only observed, so that it may obtain the stress variation in far field.
In fact, can not know the major axes orientation of far field stress in advance, preferably the Temperature Distribution around peephole is observed, with
Accurately obtain far field stress.Specifically, after obtaining the Temperature Distribution around peephole, it can know that as follows far field is answered
The change direction of power: the maximum direction of cooling extent isDirection, correspondingly, the maximum direction of increasing extent of temperature is
Direction.
It, can generally there are following two schemes according to different requirements, when actual measurement:
(1) if being only concerned the size of body stress, the temperature of measurement wellhole (peephole) surrounding, measurement well are not needed
The temperature of hole different depth, it can obtain the stress variation of wellhole different depth.
(2) if necessary to the direction of understanding stress variation, then need to observe the profiling temperatures of wellhole surrounding, according to temperature
The distribution situation of degree utilizes (11a, 11b) formula to obtain direction and the size of stress variation.
In the following, two embodiments will be described to illustrate above-mentioned two situations respectively.
<first embodiment>
(1) if being only concerned the size of body stress, the temperature of measurement wellhole surrounding is not needed, it is different deep only to measure wellhole
The temperature of degree, it can obtain the stress variation of wellhole different depth.
For example, c=b/T is the parameter obtained by experiment, it is assumed herein that parameter c value is 1.0mK/MPa.If measuring well
A certain depth mean temperature variation be 5mK, according to (4) formula, can obtain in this depth body stress variation be 5MPa.
<second embodiment>
(2) if necessary to the direction of understanding stress variation, then need to observe the profiling temperatures of wellhole surrounding, according to temperature
The distribution situation of degree utilizes (11a, 11b) formula to obtain direction and the size of stress variation.
For example, c is the parameter obtained by experiment, it is assumed herein that the value of c is 1.0mK/MPa.If θ1On=0 direction
Temperature decline maximum, fall 1mK, meanwhile, θ2Temperature on=pi/2 direction rises at most, ascensional range 11mK.
Then according to (11a, 11b) Shi Ke get: Direction be θ1=0 direction；
Direction be θ2=pi/2.
Fig. 5 is to illustrate the schematic block diagram of the device of observation crustal stress variation according to an embodiment of the present invention, under
The construction of the device of crustal stress variation will be observed in face referring to Fig. 5 detailed description.
The device (referred to as observation stress variation device 10) of observation crustal stress variation according to an embodiment of the present invention includes
It is mounted on the temperature measurement equipment 12 of position to be measured and the Stress calculation unit 13 via the connection of connection 11, wherein connection
11 indicate wired or wireless connection type.Temperature measurement equipment 12 may include one or more temperature sensors 121.Stress
Computing unit 13 may include the first determination unit 131 of the relationship for temperature and stress, for determining answering for circular hole
Second determination unit 132 of power distribution and temperature change relationship and the third being distributed for utilization temperature change identified sign determine
Unit 133.That is, the first determination unit 131 is respectively configured to execute in the above method to third determination unit with regard to 133
Each step.
Fig. 6 is to illustrate the schematical structural block diagram of the system of observation crustal stress variation according to an embodiment of the present invention,
The construction of the system of observation crustal stress variation is described in detail below with reference to Fig. 6.
The system (referred to as observation stress variation system 100) of observation crustal stress variation according to an embodiment of the present invention includes
Temperature measurement equipment 12, Stress calculation unit 13, storage unit 30 and the micro-control unit 20 being connected to each other.Micro-control unit
The 20 control Stress calculation units 13 are based on above method observation crustal stress variation.Storage unit 30 is for storing various numbers
According to the storage unit can be known memory for storing data.
An exemplary embodiment of the present invention, provide one kind can by measuring cell in the prior art and rock it
Between " Coupling Deformation " method for being converted to " thermal coupling ".Since the deflection of crustal rock is minimum, measuring cell and rock it
Between micro gap, fatal influence can be generated to measurement result, but theoretically " heat " is the amount unrelated with deformation, micro-
Influence of the small deformation for heat transfer is minimum, therefore the method for " thermal coupling " of exemplary embodiment through the invention, not only
It can overcome the problems, such as " Coupling Deformation ", additionally it is possible to realize that, by being observed to the temperature for belonging to scalar, Lai Shixian stress is dynamic
The long term monitoring of state variation.
Other embodiments
It can also be recorded in storage medium by reading and executing and (can also more completely be known as that " non-transitory computer can
Read storage medium ") on computer executable instructions (for example, one or more programs) to execute one in above-described embodiment
A or more function and/or include one for executing one or more functions in above-described embodiment
Or more the system of circuit (for example, specific integrated circuit (ASIC)) or the computer of device, to realize implementation of the invention
Example, and it is possible to can using computer from storage media is for example read and executed by the computer by system or device
It executes instruction to execute one or more functions and/or one or more circuits of control in above-described embodiment
Method to execute one or more functions in above-described embodiment, Lai Shixian the embodiment of the present invention.Computer can be with
It including one or more processors (for example, central processing unit (CPU), microprocessing unit (MPU)), and may include point
The network of the computer or separated processor opened, to read and execute computer executable instructions.Computer executable instructions
It can for example be provided to the computer from the network or storage media.Storage medium may include such as hard disk, random access memory
Device (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), the memory of distributed computing system, CD (such as compact disk (CD), digital universal
CD (DVD) or Blu-ray Disc (BD)TM), it is one or more in flash memory device and storage card etc..
The embodiment of the present invention can also be realized by following method, that is, pass through network or various storage mediums
The software (program) for executing the function of above-described embodiment is supplied to system or device, the computer of the system or device or in
The method that Central Processing Unit (CPU), microprocessing unit (MPU) read and execute program.
Although referring to exemplary embodiments describe the present invention, but it is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to institute is public
The exemplary embodiment opened.Scope of the appended claims should be given with widest explanation, so that it covers all these changes
Type example and equivalent structure and function.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method of observation crustal stress variation, described method includes following steps:
First determines step, the relationship for temperature distribution and stress variation；
Second determines step, for determining the relationship of circular hole Temperature Distribution and stress variation；And
Third determines step, for determining the determining relationship of step according to the first determining step and second, to determine crustal stress
Variation.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, described first determine step according to the distribution of physical principle temperature with
The relationship of stress variation meets following relational expression:
Δσv=c Δ T,
Wherein, c=1/ (aT), a are thermal constants related with material properties, and T is ambient temperature, Δ σvIt is body stress variation,
Δ T is Temperature Distribution.
3. according to the method described in claim 2, wherein, described second determines that step uses infinite space plane circular hole problem
Determine that circular hole Temperature Distribution and stress changing relation meet following relational expression:
Wherein,WithIt is the stress in both direction.
4. according to the method described in claim 3, wherein, the third determines that step utilizes the relational expression Δ σv=c Δ T, root
According to the relational expression of circular hole Temperature Distribution and stress variation, the far field stress variation in circular hole Temperature Distribution and crustal stress is obtained
Relationship are as follows:
Wherein, according to relational expression (a) and (b), the Temperature Distribution only observed in both direction obtains the stress variation in far fieldWith
5. according to the method described in claim 4, wherein, described two directions are the major axes orientation of far field stress, and pass through
Temperature Distribution around peephole is observed to determine described two directions,
Wherein, the maximum direction of cooling extent is stress variationDirection, the maximum direction of increasing extent of temperature be stress variationDirection.
6. a kind of device of observation crustal stress variation, described device includes the temperature measurement measured to the temperature of peephole
Equipment and the Stress calculation unit being connect with temperature measurement equipment, wherein the Stress calculation unit is based on according to claim 1
To the observation crustal stress variation of method described in any one of 5 claims.
7. a kind of observation system, the observation system include:
Temperature measurement equipment, Stress calculation unit and the micro-control unit being connected to each other, wherein
Stress calculation unit described in micro-control unit controls is based on according to claim 1 to described in any one of 5 claims
Method observation crustal stress variation.
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