CN208420243U - The device changed using temperature observation crustal stress - Google Patents
The device changed using temperature observation crustal stress Download PDFInfo
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- CN208420243U CN208420243U CN201820656935.9U CN201820656935U CN208420243U CN 208420243 U CN208420243 U CN 208420243U CN 201820656935 U CN201820656935 U CN 201820656935U CN 208420243 U CN208420243 U CN 208420243U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a kind of device changed using temperature observation crustal stress.The device can calculate the variation of crustal stress based on the Temperature Distribution of peephole surrounding.Therefore, by so that crustal stress variation is easy observation, and being advantageously implemented the long term monitoring of stress dynamic change to observe the crustal stress variation for belonging to vector using the peephole temperature for belonging to scalar.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to observe crustal stress variation field, and in particular, to it is a kind of using peephole temperature come
Observe the device of crustal stress variation.
Background technique
The observation of crustal stress, for engineering constructions such as such as bridge, tunnel, nuclear power stations, and for such as geological process, plate
It is extremely important for the research such as block movement, seismic activity.
However, there are significant differences for measurement crustal stress and conventional method for measuring stress due to the particularity of rock.Specifically
Ground, crustal stress belong to compression, it is necessary to measure in rock interior.The method of measurement crustal stress specifically includes that hydraulic pressure
Fracturing method, Borehole Breakout Data, (Arno Z the and O.Stephansson, 2010, Stress Field of such as strain restoring method
the Earth's Crust,Springer,Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York；
Fairhurst,2003.Stress estimation in rock:a brief history and
review.International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 40(7-8):
957-973；Ljunggrena C.,Yanting Changa,Jansonb T.,Christianssonc R.,2003,An
overview of rock stress measurement methods,International Journal of Rock
Mechanics&Mining Sciences, 40:975-989), and these methods concentrate on static measurement.For the dynamic earth's crust
Stress measurement mainly has borehole strain measurement.The main problem of borehole strain measurement is: belonging to the range of deformation dynamometry, rock
The deformation of stone is minimum, needs the coupled problem of special processing equipment and rock mass.Often since coupled relation is unclear, observe
As a result it is difficult to explain.Even, since coupled problem is dealt with improperly, rock deformation is not observed.Especially in complicated geology item
Under part, coupled problem is extremely prominent.Therefore, although deformation measurement can achieve high precision, such as reach 10-12
(Fairhurst,2003,Stress estimation in rock:a brief history and
review.International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 40(7-8):
957-973；Ouyang Zuxi, Li Bingyuan, Jia Weijiu etc., a kind of drilling well type geostress survey system, earth crust structure and crustal stress
Collected works (2), Earthquake Press, 1988), but due to coupled problem, being widely used for this method is still restricted.
Therefore, the process although crustal stress changes with time has great significance for many fields of ground, by
In the limitation for the complexity and observation technology for being limited by geological conditions, dynamic in-situ stress monitoring is extremely difficult.It is deformed with passing through
Dynamometry (such as borehole strain measurement) is different, we have proposed using temperature measurement stress state method (Chen Shunyun,
Liu Peixun,Liu Liqiang,Ma Jin,Bedrock temperature as a potential method for
monitoring change in crustal stress:Theory,in situ measurement,and a case
History, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 123 (2016): 22-33), referred to as " heat surveys stress ".Heat is surveyed
The advantages of stress is: the Coupling Deformation of equipment and rock mass is converted to thermal coupling.In contrast, thermal coupling is easy to accomplish.Heat
After surveying the thinking proposition of stress, preliminary explorative research has been carried out in practice.Presently, there are the problem of be, before heat survey
Stress is only capable of measuring the size of crustal stress, and can not obtain the direction of stress variation.Since stress is vector, if only obtained
Size limits the deep application of result.
This item utility model is concentrated on the basis of original heat surveys stress and solves how by temperature to measure stress variation
The thinking and method in direction.
Utility model content
In view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the utility model provides a kind of peephole for belonging to scalar by utilizing
Temperature, the device and method to observe the crustal stress variation for belonging to vector, so that crustal stress variation is easy observation, and has
Conducive to the long term monitoring for realizing stress dynamic change.
According to the one side of utility model, a kind of method of observation crustal stress variation is provided, the method includes as follows
Step: first determines step, the relationship for temperature distribution and stress variation；Second determines step, for determining circular hole
The relationship of Temperature Distribution and stress variation；And third determines step, for determining step and the second determining step according to first
Determining relationship, to determine earth's crust stress variation.
By the way that the description of exemplary embodiment, other aspects of the utility model be will be apparent referring to the drawings.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is to exemplify to carry out geological drilling to rock according to the utility model embodiment, to drill out measured hole (also referred to as
Peephole) schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is to exemplify the schematic diagram for installing temperature measurement equipment on institute's the wall of a borehole according to the utility model embodiment；
Fig. 3 is the temperature sensor distribution section in the temperature measurement equipment exemplified according to the utility model embodiment
Figure；
Fig. 4 is to exemplify the flow chart of the measurement crustal stress variation according to the utility model embodiment；
Fig. 5 is to illustrate the schematical structural frames of the device of the observation crustal stress variation according to the utility model embodiment
Figure；
Fig. 6 is to illustrate the schematical structural frames of the system of the observation crustal stress variation according to the utility model embodiment
Figure.
Description of symbols:
R. rock H. measured hole
10. observing 11. connection of stress variation device
12. 121. temperature sensor of temperature measurement equipment
13. Stress calculation unit
131. 133. third determination unit of the first 132. second determination unit of determination unit
20. 30. storage unit of micro-control unit
Specific embodiment
The exemplary embodiment of the utility model is described next, with reference to attached drawing.Within the scope of the claims, below
Exemplary embodiment is not intended to limit the utility model.For the technical solution of the utility model, not retouched in exemplary embodiment
The combination for all features stated all is essential.
The embodiments of the present invention are illustratively described next, with reference to attached drawing.
Fig. 1 is to exemplify to carry out geological drilling to rock R according to the utility model embodiment, to drill out showing for measured hole H
It is intended to.Rock is carried out to may include the step of selecting measurement point position before geological drilling.Measurement point position can be according to engineering reality
It applies or the demands such as geological research selects.After selecting measurement point position, engineering drilling well is carried out to measurement point position, and acquire rock
Sample.Measured hole is obtained after engineering drilling well, subsequent operation is carried out based on the measured hole.
Fig. 2 is to exemplify the signal for installing temperature measurement equipment 12 on institute's the wall of a borehole according to the utility model embodiment
Figure.Fig. 3 is that the temperature sensor 121 in the temperature measurement equipment exemplified according to the utility model embodiment is distributed sectional view.
After completing engineering drilling well, temperature measurement equipment 12 is installed on the inner wall of measured hole.In the present embodiment, as shown in Fig. 2, with
Exemplary mode shows three temperature measurement equipments and is mounted at the different depth of measured hole.These three temperature measurement equipments 12
It can be electrically connected by connection 11.Connection 11 is the connection illustrated, is not necessarily wired structure, is also possible to
The structure of wireless communication, as long as the signal of equipment room and the communication of data can be completed.In addition, the utility model and unlimited
In this, temperature measurement equipment 12 be can be within three or three or more.Here, temperature measurement equipment 12 can be including temperature
The measuring device of sensor 121.One temperature measurement equipment may include several temperature sensors.For example, as shown in figure 3,
It is set according to the temperature measurement including eight temperature sensors 121 is disposed on the cross section of the measurement of the utility model embodiment
It is standby.Temperature measurement equipment with eight temperature sensors can carry out the angle of eight equal parts according to the circular hole to an entire circumference
Degree, measures the peripheral temperature of measured hole.
Fig. 4 is to exemplify the flow chart of the measurement crustal stress variation according to the utility model embodiment.Below with reference to
The flow chart 400 of Fig. 4 description measurement crustal stress variation.
In step S401, measurement point position is selected, that is, selects place to be observed.After selecting measurement point position, in step
It in rapid S402, drills at measurement point position, and acquire rock sample, specifically, drilling well is carried out using engineering machinery, is acquired simultaneously
Rock specimens.
In step S403, temperature measurement equipment is installed to the borehole wall (observation hole wall), specifically, installation borehole wall temperature is surveyed
Equipment is measured, each temperature measurement equipment at least needs 4 temperature sensors, observe the temperature change of four direction, however this reality
Example is applied to be not limited to this, it can be as shown in figure 3, including 8 temperature sensors.
In step s 404, it is based on above-mentioned steps S402 rock sample collected, in laboratory measurement thermal stress coefficient, specifically
Ground measures rock sample thermal physical property parameter, and analyzes borehole wall Temperature Distribution.
In step S405, according to following each formula, stress is calculated and determined based on the distribution situation of borehole wall temperature
The size and Orientation of variation.
<relationship of Temperature Distribution and stress variation>
For the thermodynamic state of general elastic system, can be retouched with stress (σ), strain (ε) and three parameters of temperature (T)
It states, is write as differential form (Hsieh J. (1975), Principles of Thermodynamics, McGraw-Hill Book
Company, Scripta Book Company, Washington D.C.):
D σ=Ed ε+β dT (1)
Wherein, E is Young's modulus, and β is thermal stress coefficient.This state equation is often used in answering caused by research is expanded with heat and contract with cold
Power problem, but be related to stress and the research of temperature change is caused seldom to arouse attention.
For theoretically, for isothermal condition (dT=0), (1) formula becomes Hooke's law:
D σ=Ed ε (2)
For adiabatic condition, the state equation of solid elastic deformation is no longer Hooke's law, and the material of expanded by heating also can
Be pressurized heating.At this time:
Δ T=aT Δ σv (3)
Wherein, T is initial temperature, and a is thermal constant related with material properties, Δ σvFor body stress variation, Δ T is
Temperature change.In the present embodiment, heat related to this, referred to as flexible deformation heat.
In turn, (3) formula, can be written as:
Δσv=b Δ T/T (4)
Wherein, b is constant, b=1/a.That is, the variation of stress can be obtained by measurement temperature change.This
When, temperature change only and body stress Δ σvIt is related, it is also necessary to further to obtain the direction of stress variation.
<relationship of circular hole Temperature Distribution and stress variation>
In view of crustal stress measures, generally requires and carried out in hole.Therefore, the direction of stress variation can use circular hole
Geometric effect obtain.
Using infinite space plane circular hole problem.X and the far field stress of Y-direction areWithAndCause
This, the stress distribution inside circular hole are as follows:
Correspondingly, body stress σvAre as follows:
For circular hole surface, there is r=a, have:
Pass through above formula, it is only necessary to measure two different directions θ1And θ2Stress variation, it can obtain the stress in far field
Variation.That is, according to stress and temperature relation, as long as obtaining the Temperature Distribution of circular hole surrounding, it can obtain far field
Stress variation.
According to (4) formula, the relationship of Hole Stress and temperature change is:
Δσv(a, θ)=c Δ T (a, θ) (10)
Wherein,
Therefore, the relationship of peephole temperature change Yu far field stress can be obtained:
By (11a, 11b) formula, the temperature change in both direction is only observed, so that it may obtain the stress variation in far field.
In fact, can not know the major axes orientation of far field stress in advance, preferably the Temperature Distribution around peephole is observed, with
Accurately obtain far field stress.Specifically, after obtaining the Temperature Distribution around peephole, it can know that as follows far field is answered
The change direction of power: the maximum direction of cooling extent isDirection, correspondingly, the maximum direction of increasing extent of temperature is
Direction.
It, can generally there are following two schemes according to different requirements, when actual measurement:
(1) if being only concerned the size of body stress, the temperature of measurement wellhole (peephole) surrounding, measurement well are not needed
The temperature of hole different depth, it can obtain the stress variation of wellhole different depth.
(2) if necessary to the direction of understanding stress variation, then need to observe the profiling temperatures of wellhole surrounding, according to temperature
The distribution situation of degree utilizes (11a, 11b) formula to obtain direction and the size of stress variation.
In the following, two embodiments will be described to illustrate above-mentioned two situations respectively.
<first embodiment>
(1) if being only concerned the size of body stress, the temperature of measurement wellhole surrounding is not needed, it is different deep only to measure wellhole
The temperature of degree, it can obtain the stress variation of wellhole different depth.
For example, c=b/T is the parameter obtained by experiment, it is assumed herein that parameter c value is 1.0mK/MPa.If measuring well
A certain depth mean temperature variation be 5mK, according to (4) formula, can obtain in this depth body stress variation be 5MPa.
<second embodiment>
(2) if necessary to the direction of understanding stress variation, then need to observe the profiling temperatures of wellhole surrounding, according to temperature
The distribution situation of degree utilizes (11a, 11b) formula to obtain direction and the size of stress variation.
For example, c is the parameter obtained by experiment, it is assumed herein that the value of c is 1.0mK/MPa.If θ1On=0 direction
Temperature decline maximum, fall 1mK, meanwhile, θ2Temperature on=pi/2 direction rises at most, ascensional range 11mK.
Then according to (11a, 11b) Shi Ke get: Direction be θ1=0 direction； Direction be θ2=pi/2.
Fig. 5 is to illustrate the schematic structure frame of the device of the observation crustal stress variation according to the utility model embodiment
The construction of the device of observation crustal stress variation is described in detail below with reference to Fig. 5 for figure.
According to the device (referred to as observation stress variation device 10) of the observation crustal stress variation of the utility model embodiment
Including the Stress calculation unit 13 for being mounted on the temperature measurement equipment 12 of position to be measured and being connected via connection 11, wherein leading to
News line 11 indicates wired or wireless connection type.Temperature measurement equipment 12 may include one or more temperature sensors 121.
Stress calculation unit 13 may include the first determination unit 131 of the relationship for temperature and stress, for determining circular hole
Stress distribution and temperature change relationship the second determination unit 132 and for using temperature change identified sign distribution third
Determination unit 133.That is, the first determination unit 131 is respectively configured to execute above-mentioned side with regard to 133 to third determination unit
Each step in method.
Fig. 6 is to illustrate the schematical structural frames of the system of the observation crustal stress variation according to the utility model embodiment
The construction of the system of observation crustal stress variation is described in detail below with reference to Fig. 6 for figure.
According to the system (referred to as observation stress variation system 100) of the observation crustal stress variation of the utility model embodiment
Including temperature measurement equipment 12, Stress calculation unit 13, storage unit 30 and the micro-control unit 20 being connected to each other.Microcontroller
Unit 20 controls the Stress calculation unit 13 and is based on above method observation crustal stress variation.Storage unit 30 is each for storing
Kind data, the storage unit can be known memory for storing data.
Exemplary embodiment according to the present utility model, providing one kind can be by measuring cell in the prior art and rock
The method that " Coupling Deformation " between stone is converted to " thermal coupling ".Since the deflection of crustal rock is minimum, measuring cell and rock
Micro gap between stone can generate fatal influence to measurement result, but theoretically " heat " is the amount unrelated with deformation,
It is minimum in influence of the micro-strain for heat transfer, therefore the side of " thermal coupling " by the exemplary embodiment of the utility model
Method can not only overcome the problems, such as " Coupling Deformation ", additionally it is possible to realize by being observed to the temperature for belonging to scalar, to realize
The long term monitoring of stress dynamic change.
Other embodiments
It can also be recorded in storage medium by reading and executing and (can also more completely be known as that " non-transitory computer can
Read storage medium ") on computer executable instructions (for example, one or more programs) to execute one in above-described embodiment
A or more function and/or include one for executing one or more functions in above-described embodiment
Or more the system of circuit (for example, specific integrated circuit (ASIC)) or the computer of device, to realize the utility model
Embodiment, and it is possible to for example read and execute calculating from storage media using by the computer by system or device
Machine executable instruction is to execute one or more function in above-described embodiment and/or control one or more
Method of the circuit to execute one or more functions in above-described embodiment, to realize the embodiments of the present invention.Meter
Calculation machine may include one or more processors (for example, central processing unit (CPU), microprocessing unit (MPU)), and can
To include the network of separated computer or separated processor, to read and execute computer executable instructions.Computer can
Executing instruction for example to be provided to the computer from the network or storage media.Storage medium may include such as hard disk, random
Access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), the memory of distributed computing system, CD (such as compact disk (CD),
Digital versatile disc (DVD) or Blu-ray Disc (BD)TM), it is one or more in flash memory device and storage card etc..
The embodiments of the present invention can also be realized by following method, that is, pass through network or various storages
The software (program) for executing the function of above-described embodiment is supplied to system or device by medium, the computer of the system or device or
It is the method that central processing unit (CPU), microprocessing unit (MPU) read and execute program.
Although the utility model is described referring to exemplary embodiment, but it is to be understood that the utility model is not
It is limited to disclosed exemplary embodiment.Scope of the appended claims should be given with widest explanation, so that it covers institute
There are these variation examples and equivalent structure and function.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of device of observation crustal stress variation, which is characterized in that described device includes surveying to the temperature of peephole
Multiple temperature measurement equipments of amount and the Stress calculation unit that is connect with temperature measurement equipment, the multiple temperature measurement equipment by
Connection is connected and is located at the different depth of peephole, to measure the Temperature Distribution of the different depth of peephole,
Wherein, the Stress calculation unit includes the first determination unit of the relationship of temperature distribution and stress variation, determination
Second determination unit of the relationship of circular hole Temperature Distribution and stress variation and connect with the first determination unit and the second determination unit
Third connecing, determining earth's crust stress variation according to the determining relationship of the first determination unit and the second determination unit is determining single
Member.
2. the apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that each including multiple in the multiple temperature measurement equipment
Temperature sensor.
3. the apparatus of claim 2, which is characterized in that the multiple temperature sensor is according to an entire circumference
Circular hole carry out the angle of equal part and arrange.
4. device according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the quantity of the multiple temperature sensor is 8.
5. device according to claim 4, which is characterized in that by the Temperature Distribution around peephole be observed come
Determine the major axes orientation of far field stress,
Wherein, the maximum direction of cooling extent is stress variationDirection, the maximum direction of increasing extent of temperature be stress variationDirection.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110440964A (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2019-11-12 | 中国地震局地质研究所 | Method, system and the device changed using temperature observation crustal stress |
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| CN110440964A (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2019-11-12 | 中国地震局地质研究所 | Method, system and the device changed using temperature observation crustal stress |
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