CN110410151B - Coal mine rock burst early warning method, system and assembly thereof - Google Patents
Coal mine rock burst early warning method, system and assembly thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a coal mine rock burst early warning method, which comprises the following steps: carrying out a stress relief test on the rock core by using a fiber bragg grating three-dimensional stress sensor, and obtaining the elastic modulus and the Poisson's ratio of the rock by using the rock core after completing the stress relief test; calculating the original rock stress of the roof rock stratum by using the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio; monitoring the disturbance stress of the roof rock stratum on line by using a fiber bragg grating three-dimensional stress sensor; superposing the original rock stress and the disturbance stress to obtain the real stress of the roof rock stratum; and comparing the real stress with the triaxial strength of the rock, and performing grading early warning by using a comparison result. In the method, the real stress of the roof rock layer can be monitored on line, grading early warning can be carried out based on monitoring data, and the safety of personnel and equipment in underground operation can be guaranteed. The invention also discloses a coal mine rock burst early warning device, a system, equipment and a readable storage medium, and the device has corresponding technical effects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock burst monitoring, in particular to a coal mine rock burst early warning method, a coal mine rock burst early warning device, a coal mine rock burst early warning system, coal mine rock burst early warning equipment and a readable storage medium.
Background
The rock burst disaster seriously threatens the safety production in the well. In the underground coal mine, according to the rock burst strength theory, the occurrence of the rock burst is the result of the concentration of internal stress of a rock coal body, and when the internal stress of the rock coal body reaches the strength, the energy accumulated in the rock coal body is suddenly released to cause the disaster of the rock burst. However, because the coal body is softer and broken, the three-dimensional stress in the coal body cannot be directly measured at present. Therefore, accurate monitoring of the three-dimensional stress of the roof strata of the working face is an effective way to predict rock burst.
At present, the methods for monitoring and early warning rock burst mainly comprise a microseismic method, an electromagnetic radiation method, a coal bed stress method, a drilling cutting method and the like. The microseism method is based on microwave signals emitted in the rock mass fracture process, only regional early warning can be carried out in the actual production process at present, and the on-site early warning precision is low. The principle of the electromagnetic radiation method is that the stress level in the coal seam has a certain relation with the electromagnetic radiation quantity thereof, but the accuracy of the electromagnetic radiation method cannot meet the requirement of rock burst early warning due to the electromagnetic radiation of large-scale equipment on site. The currently adopted coal bed stress method can only monitor the stress increment in the coal bed, and can not obtain the real three-dimensional stress of the coal bed, so the early warning precision is low.
In the mining process of the coal bed, because the roof rock stratum behind the working face loses the supporting effect of the coal bed, the stress of the rear rock stratum is continuously transferred to the front rock-coal body of the working face, and the stress level of the roof rock stratum in front of the working face and the stress level inside the coal bed are continuously increased. Rock burst occurs when internal stresses reach the strength of the rock-coal system. In the aspect of monitoring three-dimensional stress of a rock stratum, at present, a resistance strain gauge type stress sensor is mostly adopted, and a stress relief method is used for testing the stress of a raw rock. However, the existing methods cannot perform long-term monitoring of the three-dimensional stress of the roof strata of the working face, and the reasons include: on one hand, the existing stress sensor adopts resin as a main structure material, and the resin has stronger rheological property under the action of long-term stress; on the other hand, the working face of the coal mine is subjected to strong electromagnetic interference due to the fact that a plurality of large-scale devices exist on the working face. Finally, the existing stress monitoring equipment and method cannot realize long-term accurate monitoring of the three-dimensional stress of the roof rock stratum.
The underground environment is more complex relative to the ground, and once a rock burst disaster occurs, people often die due to the fact that the people cannot be timely cured, and great loss is caused to equipment. Therefore, how to effectively solve the problems of rock burst disaster warning and the like is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently by technical personnel in the field at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a coal mine rock burst early warning method, a coal mine rock burst early warning device, a coal mine rock burst early warning system, coal mine rock burst early warning equipment and a readable storage medium, which can be used for early warning of rock burst disasters and guarantee the safety of underground operation personnel and equipment.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a coal mine rock burst early warning method comprises the following steps:
carrying out a stress relief test on the rock core by using a fiber bragg grating three-dimensional stress sensor, and obtaining the elastic modulus and the Poisson's ratio of the rock by using the rock core after completing the stress relief test;
calculating the original rock stress of the roof rock stratum by using the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio;
monitoring the disturbance stress of the roof rock stratum on line by using the fiber bragg grating three-dimensional stress sensor;
superposing the original rock stress and the disturbance stress to obtain the real stress of the roof rock stratum;
and comparing the real stress with the triaxial strength of the rock, and performing grading early warning by using a comparison result.
Preferably, the obtaining of the elastic modulus and poisson's ratio of the rock by using the core after the stress relieving test is completed comprises:
and measuring the rock core by using a double-shaft test device to obtain the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio.
Preferably, the obtaining of the elastic modulus and poisson's ratio of the rock by using the core after the stress relieving test is completed comprises:
and carrying out a compression experiment on the rock core to obtain the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio.
Preferably, the process of obtaining the triaxial strength of the rock comprises:
and (3) performing a triaxial compression test on the roof rock stratum chamber by using the fiber bragg grating three-dimensional stress sensor to obtain triaxial strength and impact tendency indexes of the rock under different confining pressure conditions.
Preferably, the comparing the real stress with the triaxial strength of the rock, and performing a grading early warning by using the comparison result includes:
determining the real stress to obtain a target rock triaxial strength relative to a real stress level;
comparing the real stress with the triaxial strength of the target rock to obtain a rock burst risk index;
and the corresponding relation between the risk index and the impact tendency index is used for carrying out graded alarm on the rock burst.
Preferably, the performing a grading pre-warning by using the comparison result includes:
and (4) performing graded alarm in a local area network and an internet by using a double-network-card computer.
A coal mine rock burst early warning device comprises:
the rock characteristic acquisition module is used for carrying out a stress relief test on the rock core by using the fiber bragg grating three-dimensional stress sensor and acquiring the elastic modulus and the Poisson's ratio of the rock by using the rock core after the stress relief test is finished;
the original rock stress acquisition module is used for calculating the original rock stress of the roof rock stratum by utilizing the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio;
the disturbance stress acquisition module is used for monitoring the disturbance stress of the roof rock stratum on line by using the fiber bragg grating three-dimensional stress sensor;
the real stress obtaining module is used for superposing the original rock stress and the disturbance stress to obtain the real stress of the roof rock stratum;
and the grading early warning module is used for comparing the real stress with the triaxial strength of the rock and carrying out grading early warning by using a comparison result.
A coal mine rock burst early warning system comprises:
the system comprises an optical fiber demodulator, an optical fiber grating three-dimensional stress sensor connected with the optical fiber demodulator and a monitoring computer with a software analysis system;
the fiber bragg grating three-dimensional stress sensor is used for monitoring three-dimensional stress optical data of a rock;
the optical fiber demodulator is used for demodulating the three-dimensional stress optical data and transmitting a demodulation result to the monitoring computer;
the software analysis system is used for realizing the coal mine rock burst early warning method.
A coal mine rock burst early warning device comprises:
a memory for storing a computer program;
and the processor is used for realizing the steps of the coal mine rock burst early warning method when executing the computer program.
A readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, the computer program, when being executed by a processor, implementing the steps of the coal mine rock burst warning method.
By applying the method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the fiber bragg grating three-dimensional stress sensor is utilized to perform a stress relief test on the rock core, and the elastic modulus and the Poisson's ratio of the rock are obtained by utilizing the rock core after the stress relief test is finished; calculating the original rock stress of the roof rock stratum by using the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio; monitoring the disturbance stress of the roof rock stratum on line by using a fiber bragg grating three-dimensional stress sensor; superposing the original rock stress and the disturbance stress to obtain the real stress of the roof rock stratum; and comparing the real stress with the triaxial strength of the rock, and performing grading early warning by using a comparison result.
According to the generation mechanism of rock burst, if the change of the three-dimensional stress of the roof rock stratum can be accurately monitored in the working face mining process, the rock burst can be early warned. Based on the method, the fiber bragg grating three-dimensional stress sensor with the advantages of electromagnetic interference resistance, corrosion resistance, explosion resistance and the like is used for conducting stress relief test on the rock core, then after the stress relief test is completed, the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio of the rock are obtained through the rock core, and the original rock stress of the roof rock stratum is calculated through the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio. And monitoring the disturbance stress of the roof rock stratum on line by using a fiber bragg grating three-dimensional stress sensor. And obtaining the real stress of the roof rock stratum by superposing the original rock stress and the disturbance stress. And finally, by comparing the real stress with the triaxial strength of the rock, grading early warning can be performed. Therefore, in the method, the real stress of the roof rock stratum can be monitored on line, grading early warning can be carried out based on monitoring data, and the safety of underground operation personnel and equipment can be guaranteed.
Correspondingly, the embodiment of the invention also provides a coal mine rock burst early warning device, a system, equipment and a readable storage medium corresponding to the coal mine rock burst early warning method, which have the technical effects and are not described herein again.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an implementation of a coal mine rock burst early warning method in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional stress distribution diagram of a surrounding rock around a borehole according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a coal mine rock burst early warning device in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a coal mine rock burst early warning system in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a triaxial compression curve of a rock with a confining pressure of 15.0MPa according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a coal mine rock burst early warning device in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a coal mine rock burst early warning device in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the disclosure, the invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flowchart of a coal mine rock burst warning method according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the method includes the following steps:
s101, performing a stress relief test on the rock core by using the fiber bragg grating three-dimensional stress sensor, and acquiring the elastic modulus and Poisson' S ratio of the rock by using the rock core after the stress relief test is completed.
The fiber grating three-dimensional stress sensor is a sensor for measuring strain by taking the fiber grating as a sensitive material. The fiber grating is a diffraction grating formed by axially and periodically modulating the refractive index of a fiber core of the fiber by a certain method, namely a passive filter device. The grating fiber has the advantages of small volume, low welding loss, compatibility with fiber, embedding of intelligent materials and the like, and the change of the resonance wavelength strain is sensitive, so that the fiber grating can be used for manufacturing a fiber grating three-dimensional stress sensor. Specifically, the specific working principle, internal structure, using method, etc. of the fiber grating three-dimensional stress sensor can refer to the product specification and related introduction of the existing fiber grating three-dimensional stress sensor, and are not described in detail herein.
The fiber grating three-dimensional stress sensor is of a hollow inclusion structure and has the characteristics of electromagnetic interference resistance, corrosion resistance, explosion resistance and the like. Considering that in general, when the rock stratum is fractured, the tensile stress monitored by the sensor is close to 20 MPa; in the working face propelling process, the maximum value of three-dimensional stress of the rock stratum is close to 100MPa, in order to monitor the rock stratum stress, in order to achieve a better monitoring effect, the fiber grating three-dimensional stress sensor with the monitoring range of the maximum tensile stress not less than 20MPa and the maximum compressive stress not less than 100MPa is preferred.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the number of the fiber grating three-dimensional stress sensors is not limited. In practical application, one or more than one branch can be arranged according to practical situations. For example, when the rock burst early warning is needed to be carried out only in a certain specific place, a fiber bragg grating three-dimensional stress sensor is used; when the rock burst early warning needs to be carried out and comprises a plurality of places, a plurality of fiber bragg grating three-dimensional stress sensors can be used.
In practical application, an optical fiber demodulator is also needed to demodulate the optical data of the fiber grating three-dimensional stress sensor to obtain an electrical signal which can be recognized by a computer. Specifically, the number of channels of the fiber-optic demodulator is required to correspond to the number of fiber-optic grating three-dimensional stress sensors. In practical application, the fiber demodulation instrument is required to have enough channels to connect the fiber grating three-dimensional stress sensor, generally, one fiber grating three-dimensional stress sensor needs 2 channels, 16 channels can be connected with 8 sensors, and the requirements of practical application can be met. After the fiber demodulation instrument is connected with the fiber grating three-dimensional stress sensor, 6 wavelengths at most need to be demodulated out of one channel, generally, the minimum interval between adjacent wavelengths is 6nm, the wavelength range required by the 6 wavelengths is 30nm, and in order to deal with the situation that the interval between adjacent wavelengths is greater than 6nm, the demodulation range is not less than 40 nm. And as rock burst is a dynamic disaster, high-frequency monitoring is needed so as to give an early warning in time, and the maximum acquisition frequency is not less than 25 Hz.
In the embodiment of the invention, the tested and monitored rock and core can be top rock layers under a coal mine. Of course, the coal mine rock burst early warning method provided by the invention can also be used for monitoring top rock layers of other mines or construction wells so as to early warn rock burst and guarantee the life and property safety of underground operators. In the embodiment of the invention, the underground coal mine is taken as an example for detailed description, and reference can be made to the early warning of rock burst in other underground environments.
Wherein, when an external force is applied to the elastic body, the elastic body will change its shape (called strain), and the elastic modulus is generally defined as: the stress in the unidirectional stress state is divided by the strain in that direction. In the elastic deformation stage of the material, the stress and the strain are in a proportional relation (namely, the material conforms to Hooke's law), and the proportionality coefficient is called elastic modulus, and the unit of the elastic modulus is as follows: pascal. The elastic modulus is a physical quantity describing elasticity of a substance, and is a general term, and the specific Young's modulus, the bulk modulus and the like can be expressed. The poisson ratio is the ratio of the absolute value of transverse positive strain and axial positive strain when the material is unidirectionally pulled or pressed, and is also called a transverse deformation coefficient, and is an elastic constant reflecting the transverse deformation of the material.
For the specific implementation of the stress relief test, reference may be made to a common stress relief test. And acquiring the elastic modulus and the Poisson's ratio of the rock by using the rock core after the stress relief test is completed. Specifically, there are various ways to obtain the elastic modulus and poisson's ratio of the rock, and one of them is optional in practical application. Two more common acquisition modes are briefly described below:
the first method is as follows: the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio of the rock are obtained by using a double-shaft experimental device, namely, the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio are obtained by measuring the rock core by using the double-shaft experimental device. The specific structure of the biaxial experimental device and the using method thereof can refer to the existing biaxial experimental device to obtain the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio in the data acquisition process.
The second method comprises the following steps: and obtaining the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio of the rock through a compression experiment, namely, performing the compression experiment on the rock core after completing the stress relief experiment to obtain the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio. The compression test is a test for measuring the mechanical property of the material under the action of axial static pressure, and is one of the basic methods for testing the mechanical property of the material.
And S102, calculating the original rock stress of the roof rock stratum by using the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio.
After the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio are obtained, the original rock stress of the top rock can be calculated by using a three-dimensional stress calculation formula
S103, monitoring the disturbance stress of the roof rock stratum on line by using the fiber bragg grating three-dimensional stress sensor.
Before the fiber bragg grating three-dimensional stress sensor is used for monitoring the disturbance stress of the roof rock stratum on line, the fiber bragg grating three-dimensional stress sensor is required to be arranged in a rock body drilling hole, and then the fiber bragg grating sensitive material of the fiber bragg grating three-dimensional stress sensor is used for monitoring the disturbance stress (delta sigma) of the roof rock stratum on line1，Δσ2，Δσ3)。
And S104, superposing the original rock stress and the disturbance stress to obtain the real stress of the roof rock stratum.
After the disturbance stress and the original rock stress are obtained, the true stress (sigma) of the roof rock stratum can be obtained by superposing the original rock stress and the disturbance stress1，σ2，σ3)。
In order to make it easier for those skilled in the art to understand how to obtain the true stress of the roof strata by using the fiber grating three-dimensional stress sensor in the embodiment of the present invention, the above steps S103 and S104 are combined.
A drill hole is constructed in an infinite rock body (such as a complete rock body above a down-hole channel, namely a non-independent small rock body), a rectangular coordinate system and a cylindrical coordinate system are established around the drill hole, the z axes of the rectangular coordinate system and the cylindrical coordinate system are consistent, and as shown in fig. 2, fig. 2 is a three-dimensional stress distribution diagram of surrounding rock around the drill hole in the embodiment of the invention. In cylindrical coordinates, the angle θ counts counterclockwise from the x-axis as positive. Assuming that the rock mass is an elastic homogeneous body, when the drill hole is under the action of the three-dimensional stress of the rock mass at the infinite position, the stress distribution formula of the surrounding rock around the drill hole is as follows:
wherein σx，σy，σz，τxy，τyz，τzxThe rock mass three-dimensional stress under the rectangular coordinate system; sigmar，σθ，σz'，τrθ，τθz，τzrThe hole edge surrounding rock stress under a cylindrical coordinate system; a is the borehole radius.
According to the theory of elastic mechanics, the relationship among stress, displacement and strain in the cylindrical coordinate is as follows:
wherein epsilonr、εθ、εz' is a positive strain, γrθ、γθz、γzrFor shear strain, u is the radial displacement, v is the circumferential displacement, w is the axial displacement, E is the modulus of elasticity, μ is the Poisson's ratio,
from equations (7) to (12), it can be seen that the strain at the borehole wall has a functional relationship with the stress of the surrounding rock around the borehole. From the formulas (1) to (6), it can be found that the three-dimensional stress of the rock body can be obtained through the stress of the hole surrounding rock. Therefore, the three-dimensional stress of the rock body can be obtained by measuring the strain at the hole wall.
The strain of the hole wall of the drill hole can be calculated through the wavelength data of the three-dimensional stress of the fiber bragg grating, so that the real three-dimensional stress of the rock body can be obtained.
And S105, comparing the real stress with the rock triaxial strength, and performing grading early warning by using a comparison result.
In the embodiment of the invention, the triaxial strength of the rock can be acquired in advance
So as to realize the safety early warning of the impact ground pressure.
Wherein, the process of obtaining rock triaxial strength includes: and (3) performing a triaxial compression test on the roof rock stratum chamber by using the fiber bragg grating three-dimensional stress sensor to obtain rock triaxial strength and impact tendency indexes under different confining pressure conditions. The triaxial compression test is a confined compression and shear test, and can be performed by a triaxial shear tester (also called a triaxial compressor). The core part of the triaxial shear apparatus is a triaxial pressure chamber and is provided with an axial pressure system, a lateral pressure system, a pore water pressure measuring and reading system and the like. The rock sample for testing may be cylindrical in shape,the ratio of the height to the diameter is
Under the action of the pressure around a given triaxial pressure chamber, the axial additional pressure is continuously increased until the sample is sheared, and the normal stress and the ultimate shear stress on a shearing surface are calculated according to the Mohr intensity theory.
Specifically, compare true stress and rock triaxial strength, utilize the comparative result to carry out hierarchical early warning, include:
step one, determining the triaxial strength of a target rock relative to the real stress level according to the real stress;
step two, comparing the real stress with the triaxial strength of the target rock to obtain a rock burst risk index;
and step three, giving a graded alarm to the rock burst according to the corresponding relation between the risk index and the impact tendency index.
For convenience of description, the above three steps will be described in combination.
Comparing the real stress with the triaxial strength of the target rock to obtain a rock burst risk index,
and then, carrying out grading early warning on the rock burst according to the risk index F and the impact tendency index I of the rock. Namely, the impact tendency index I is a qualitative index and is used for qualitatively judging whether the rock has impact tendency, and if the impact tendency index I shows that the rock has impact tendency, the rock burst danger index F is used for carrying out grading early warning; and if the impact tendency index I shows no impact tendency, the rock burst danger is not shown, and the rock burst early warning is not carried out.
The grade of the graded pre-warning of the rock burst can be determined by the following formula:
wherein σ1In order to be the maximum principal stress,
is the triaxial strength of the rock. Specifically, the three-dimensional stress of the rock can be represented by a principal stress, and the three-dimensional stress has 9 components: maximum principal stress, maximum principal stress azimuth, maximum principal stress dip, intermediate principal stress azimuth, intermediate principal stress dip, minimum principal stress azimuth, minimum principal stress dip. Of the three principal stresses, the largest value is the largest principal stress, the smallest value is the smallest principal stress, and the remaining one is the middle principal stress.
Of course, in practical application, the limit value can be adjusted according to the field situation.
Preferably, in order to enable related responsible persons to quickly know the underground early warning condition in the corresponding local area network and the internet, the comparison result is used for carrying out the grading early warning, and specifically, the double-network-card computer is used for carrying out the grading warning in the local area network and the internet.
By applying the method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the fiber bragg grating three-dimensional stress sensor is utilized to perform a stress relief test on the rock core, and the elastic modulus and the Poisson's ratio of the rock are obtained by utilizing the rock core after the stress relief test is finished; calculating the original rock stress of the roof rock stratum by using the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio; monitoring the disturbance stress of the roof rock stratum on line by using a fiber bragg grating three-dimensional stress sensor; superposing the original rock stress and the disturbance stress to obtain the real stress of the roof rock stratum; and comparing the real stress with the triaxial strength of the rock, and performing grading early warning by using a comparison result.
According to the generation mechanism of rock burst, if the change of the three-dimensional stress of the roof rock stratum can be accurately monitored in the working face mining process, the rock burst can be early warned. Based on the method, the fiber bragg grating three-dimensional stress sensor with the advantages of electromagnetic interference resistance, corrosion resistance, explosion resistance and the like is used for conducting stress relief test on the rock core, then after the stress relief test is completed, the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio of the rock are obtained through the rock core, and the original rock stress of the roof rock stratum is calculated through the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio. And monitoring the disturbance stress of the roof rock stratum on line by using a fiber bragg grating three-dimensional stress sensor. And obtaining the real stress of the roof rock stratum by superposing the original rock stress and the disturbance stress. And finally, by comparing the real stress with the triaxial strength of the rock, grading early warning can be performed. Therefore, in the method, the real stress of the roof rock stratum can be monitored on line, grading early warning can be carried out based on monitoring data, and the safety of underground operation personnel and equipment can be guaranteed.
Example two:
corresponding to the above method embodiment, the embodiment of the invention also provides a coal mine rock burst early warning device, and the coal mine rock burst early warning device described below and the coal mine rock burst early warning method described above can be correspondingly referred to each other.
Referring to fig. 3, the apparatus includes the following modules:
the rock characteristic acquisition module 101 is used for performing a stress relief test on the rock core by using the fiber bragg grating three-dimensional stress sensor, and acquiring the elastic modulus and the poisson ratio of the rock by using the rock core after the stress relief test is completed;
the original rock stress acquisition module 102 is used for calculating the original rock stress of the roof rock stratum by using the elastic modulus and the poisson ratio;
the disturbance stress acquisition module 103 is used for monitoring the disturbance stress of the roof rock stratum on line by using a fiber grating three-dimensional stress sensor;
the real stress obtaining module 104 is used for superposing the original rock stress and the disturbance stress to obtain the real stress of the roof rock stratum;
and the grading early warning module 105 is used for comparing the real stress with the triaxial strength of the rock and carrying out grading early warning by using a comparison result.
By applying the device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the fiber bragg grating three-dimensional stress sensor is utilized to perform a stress relief test on the rock core, and the elastic modulus and the Poisson's ratio of the rock are obtained by utilizing the rock core after the stress relief test is finished; calculating the original rock stress of the roof rock stratum by using the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio; monitoring the disturbance stress of the roof rock stratum on line by using a fiber bragg grating three-dimensional stress sensor; superposing the original rock stress and the disturbance stress to obtain the real stress of the roof rock stratum; and comparing the real stress with the triaxial strength of the rock, and performing grading early warning by using a comparison result.
According to the generation mechanism of rock burst, if the change of the three-dimensional stress of the roof rock stratum can be accurately monitored in the working face mining process, the rock burst can be early warned. Based on the above, in the device, the fiber bragg grating three-dimensional stress sensor with the advantages of electromagnetic interference resistance, corrosion resistance, explosion resistance and the like is used for carrying out a stress relief test on the rock core, then after the stress relief test is completed, the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio of the rock are obtained by using the rock core, and the original rock stress of the roof rock stratum is calculated by using the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio. And monitoring the disturbance stress of the roof rock stratum on line by using a fiber bragg grating three-dimensional stress sensor. And obtaining the real stress of the roof rock stratum by superposing the original rock stress and the disturbance stress. And finally, by comparing the real stress with the triaxial strength of the rock, grading early warning can be performed. Therefore, in the device, the real stress of the roof rock stratum can be monitored on line, the grading early warning can be carried out based on the monitoring data, and the safety of the personnel and the equipment in the underground operation can be guaranteed.
In an embodiment of the invention, the rock property acquisition module 101 is specifically configured to measure the core using a biaxial testing apparatus to obtain the elastic modulus and the poisson's ratio.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the rock property obtaining module 101 is specifically configured to perform a compression experiment on the core to obtain an elastic modulus and a poisson's ratio.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises:
and the rock triaxial strength acquisition module is used for performing triaxial compression test on the roof rock stratum chamber by using the fiber bragg grating three-dimensional stress sensor to obtain rock triaxial strength and impact tendency indexes under different confining pressure conditions.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the grading early warning module 105 is specifically configured to determine the true stress as the triaxial strength of the target rock relative to the true stress level; comparing the real stress with the triaxial strength of the target rock to obtain a rock burst risk index; and (4) giving a graded alarm to the rock burst according to the corresponding relation between the risk index and the impact tendency index.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the hierarchical warning module 105 is specifically configured to perform hierarchical warning in the local area network and the internet by using a dual-network-card computer.
Example three:
corresponding to the above method embodiment, the embodiment of the invention also provides a coal mine rock burst early warning system, and the coal mine rock burst early warning system described below and the coal mine rock burst early warning method described above can be correspondingly referred to each other.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a coal mine rock burst warning system according to an embodiment of the present invention. The system comprises: the system comprises a fiber grating three-dimensional stress sensor 1, a fiber demodulator 2, a monitoring computer 3, a software analysis system 4, an optical cable 5, a high-speed local area network 6 and a connection internet 7.
The system comprises an optical fiber demodulator, an optical fiber grating three-dimensional stress sensor and a monitoring computer, wherein the optical fiber demodulator is connected with the optical fiber grating three-dimensional stress sensor and the monitoring computer is provided with a software analysis system; the fiber bragg grating three-dimensional stress sensor is used for monitoring three-dimensional stress optical data of the rock; the optical fiber demodulator is used for demodulating the three-dimensional stress optical data and transmitting a demodulation result to the monitoring computer; and the software analysis system is used for realizing the coal mine rock burst early warning method provided by the embodiment of the method.
In order to better understand how to implement the coal mine rock burst early warning method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, a specific application scenario is taken as an example to describe in detail below.
The length of the coal face to be monitored is about 1500m, the width is 250m, 8 monitoring sections are arranged on the whole face according to the period pressure distribution, and the interval between every two monitoring sections is 150 m. Selecting a fiber grating three-dimensional stress sensor, and satisfying the range requirement according to the range of the calibration result of [ -30MPa, 150MPa ]. The main body structure is high-strength high-toughness resin and stainless steel, adopts grating sensing, and has the performances of electromagnetic interference resistance, corrosion resistance and explosion resistance. The intrinsic safety type 32-channel fiber demodulator is selected, the demodulation wavelength interval is [1528nm-1588nm ], the total wavelength is 60nm, the highest acquisition frequency is 25Hz, and the data acquisition requirement can be met. The sensor and the optical fiber demodulator are connected by a 24-core single-mode flame-retardant optical cable 5, and the connection point can adopt a field hot melting method. The optical fiber demodulator and the monitoring room computer adopt a high-speed local area network 6 for data transmission. Preferably, the computer adopts double network cards for communication, and one end of the computer is connected with a local area network to realize the transmission of monitoring data; the other end is connected with the internet 7, and remote cooperative control and early warning of the system are realized.
The software analysis system is installed on the monitoring computer and can specifically comprise a database module, a stress calculation module, a data display module and an early warning module so as to realize the functions of data storage, calculation analysis, curve display, data export, rock and early warning parameter configuration, early warning and the like.
A coal mine stope surrounding rock stress monitoring system (same rock burst early warning system) and a rock burst early warning method are disclosed, namely, the concrete construction process of the coal mine rock burst early warning method realized on the coal mine rock burst early warning system provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
step 1: drilling holes from the working face track to be measured to the roof rock stratum along the slot by using a geological core drilling machine, wherein the diameter of each drilled hole is 130mm, and the length of each drilled hole is 15 m; then, a small hole with the diameter of 38mm is constructed at the bottom of the large hole, and the length is about 40 cm. Cleaning the small holes and then installing a fiber grating three-dimensional stress sensor; after the sensor and the small hole wall are completely bonded, a stress relief test is carried out; placing the released rock core on a biaxial test device, and measuring the elastic modulus (E is 15.0GPa) and the Poisson ratio (v is 0.2) of the rock; and then calculating the original rock stress of the roof rock stratum by using a three-dimensional stress calculation formula, wherein the original rock stress is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 original rock stress test results
Wherein the north azimuth angle is positive clockwise; the angle of inclination is positive from the horizontal upwards.
Step 2: monitoring disturbance stress of a lower roof rock stratum at any moment influenced by mining (coal mining operation) on line by adopting a rock stratum three-dimensional stress monitoring system; adding the original rock stress and the disturbance stress through a stress calculation module of a software analysis system to obtain the three-dimensional real stress of the roof rock layer at any time, wherein the three-dimensional real stress is (sigma) at a certain time1,σ2,σ3)＝(54.7MPa,18.6MPa,14.3MPa)。
And step 3: and (3) carrying out compression and indirect tensile tests on the rock by adopting a rigid press machine to obtain the bending energy index of the rock of 21.3, and judging that the rock has weak impact.
The bending energy index is not obtained by calculation according to data acquired by the fiber bragg grating three-dimensional stress sensor, and is obtained according to a rock compression test and an indirect tensile test.
The bending energy index can be obtained according to the relevant specifications, and the calculation process is as follows:
obtaining the elastic modulus E of the rock through a rock compression test; and obtaining the rock tensile strength Rt through an indirect rock tensile test.
Single top plate bending energy index UWQComprises the following steps:
wherein, UWQIs a single top plate bending energy index; rtThe compressive strength of the rock test piece is obtained; h is the thickness of a single top plate; and E is the elastic modulus of the rock test piece.
Composite roof bending energy index UWQSThe calculation formula is expressed as follows:
And 4, step 4: a roof rock indoor triaxial compression test of the system is developed, and test data of rock triaxial strength and confining pressure can be obtained. And (3) representing the confining pressure by using an x axis, representing the triaxial strength of the rock by using a y axis, drawing an image to obtain a curve of the triaxial strength of the rock along with the change of the confining pressure, obtaining a functional relation between the triaxial strength of the rock and the confining pressure by using the curve, and obtaining the triaxial strength of the rock under different confining pressure levels by using the relation. Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a triaxial compression curve of a rock with a confining pressure of 15.0MPa in an embodiment of the present invention, that is, triaxial strengths of the rock at different confining pressure levels are obtained through a triaxial compression test, and a relationship between the triaxial strength and the confining pressure is established. Three-axis true stress (σ) for a certain time1,σ2,σ3) The relation between the three-axis strength and the confining pressure obtained by the above test was found to be (54.7MPa,18.6MPa,14.3MPa), and the strength of the rock was found to be about 74.0MPa when the confining pressure was 15.0 MPa.
And 5: comparing the maximum principal stress to the rock strength under the confining pressure water, and determining the rock burst hazard index
And determining the rock burst grade as medium impact according to the danger index F and the bending energy index of the rock of 21.3. The rock burst risk index F is shown in formula 13.
Step 6: triggering by a software analysis system early warning module, enabling a computer-end stress histogram to become yellow and popping up an early warning window; the system sends the early warning information to the mobile phone APP terminal through the Internet, and meanwhile, the early warning information is sent to the relevant responsible person in the form of means short messages.
Compared with the prior art, the method and the system provided by the embodiment of the invention have the following advantages:
1. the fiber grating sensing technology and the fiber demodulator are adopted to measure the three-dimensional stress, and the frequency of electromagnetic radiation generated by underground large-scale equipment is much lower than that of light waves, so that optical signals transmitted in optical fibers are not influenced by electromagnetic interference, and the monitoring precision of the three-dimensional stress of the surrounding rock is effectively improved.
2. The method can realize long-term monitoring of the surrounding rock stress in strong electromagnetic interference, corrosion and explosion-proof environments, can timely master the change condition of the surrounding rock stress of a stope, can improve the early warning accuracy of rock burst, and ensures underground safe production.
Example four:
corresponding to the above method embodiment, the embodiment of the invention also provides a coal mine rock burst early warning device, and the coal mine rock burst early warning device described below and the coal mine rock burst early warning method described above can be correspondingly referred to each other.
Referring to fig. 6, the coal mine rock burst early warning device comprises:
a memory D1 for storing computer programs;
and the processor D2 is used for implementing the steps of the coal mine rock burst early warning method of the embodiment of the method when executing the computer program.
Specifically, referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a specific structure of a coal mine rock burst warning device according to this embodiment, which may generate relatively large differences due to different configurations or performances, and may include one or more processors (CPUs) 322 (e.g., one or more processors) and a memory 332, and one or more storage media 330 (e.g., one or more mass storage devices) storing an application 342 or data 344. Memory 332 and storage media 330 may be, among other things, transient storage or persistent storage. The program stored on the storage medium 330 may include one or more modules (not shown), each of which may include a series of instructions operating on a data processing device. Still further, central processor 322 may be configured to communicate with storage medium 330 to execute a series of instructional operations on storage medium 330 on coal mine rock burst warning device 301.
Coal mine rock burst warning apparatus 301 may also include one or more power sources 326, one or more wired or wireless network interfaces 350, one or more input-output interfaces 358, and/or one or more operating systems 341. Such as Windows Server, Mac OS XTM, UnixTM, LinuxTM, FreeBSDTM, etc.
The steps in the coal mine rock burst early warning method described above can be realized by the structure of the coal mine rock burst early warning device.
Example five:
corresponding to the above method embodiment, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a readable storage medium, and a readable storage medium described below and a coal mine rock burst early warning method described above may be referred to correspondingly.
A readable storage medium is provided, and a computer program is stored on the readable storage medium, and when being executed by a processor, the computer program realizes the steps of the coal mine rock burst early warning method of the embodiment of the method.
The readable storage medium may be a usb disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and various other readable storage media capable of storing program codes.
Those of skill would further appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the various illustrative components and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality in order to clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A coal mine rock burst early warning method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
carrying out a stress relief test on the rock core by using a fiber bragg grating three-dimensional stress sensor, and obtaining the elastic modulus and the Poisson's ratio of the rock by using the rock core after completing the stress relief test;
calculating the original rock stress of the roof rock stratum by using the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio;
monitoring the disturbance stress of the roof rock stratum on line by using the fiber bragg grating three-dimensional stress sensor;
superposing the original rock stress and the disturbance stress to obtain the real stress of the roof rock stratum;
comparing the real stress with the triaxial strength of the rock, and performing grading early warning by using a comparison result;
wherein the process of obtaining the triaxial strength of the rock comprises:
utilizing the fiber bragg grating three-dimensional stress sensor to perform a triaxial compression test on the roof rock stratum chamber to obtain triaxial strength and impact tendency indexes of the rock under different confining pressure conditions;
correspondingly, the comparing the true stress with the triaxial strength of the rock, and performing grading early warning by using the comparison result comprises:
determining the real stress to obtain a target rock triaxial strength relative to a real stress level;
comparing the real stress with the triaxial strength of the target rock to obtain a rock burst risk index;
and the corresponding relation between the risk index and the impact tendency index is used for carrying out graded alarm on the rock burst.
2. The coal mine rock burst warning method according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining of the elastic modulus and the poisson ratio of the rock by using the rock core after the stress relief test is completed comprises:
and measuring the rock core by using a double-shaft test device to obtain the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio.
3. The coal mine rock burst warning method according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining of the elastic modulus and the poisson ratio of the rock by using the rock core after the stress relief test is completed comprises:
and carrying out a compression experiment on the rock core to obtain the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio.
4. The coal mine rock burst early warning method according to claim 1, wherein the step of performing grading early warning by using the comparison result comprises the following steps:
and (4) performing graded alarm in a local area network and an internet by using a double-network-card computer.
5. A colliery rock burst early warning device which characterized in that includes:
the rock characteristic acquisition module is used for carrying out a stress relief test on the rock core by using the fiber bragg grating three-dimensional stress sensor and acquiring the elastic modulus and the Poisson's ratio of the rock by using the rock core after the stress relief test is finished;
the original rock stress acquisition module is used for calculating the original rock stress of the roof rock stratum by utilizing the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio;
the disturbance stress acquisition module is used for monitoring the disturbance stress of the roof rock stratum on line by using the fiber bragg grating three-dimensional stress sensor;
the real stress obtaining module is used for superposing the original rock stress and the disturbance stress to obtain the real stress of the roof rock stratum;
the grading early warning module is used for comparing the real stress with the triaxial strength of the rock and carrying out grading early warning by using a comparison result;
the rock triaxial strength acquisition module is used for performing triaxial compression test on the roof rock stratum chamber by using the fiber bragg grating three-dimensional stress sensor to acquire rock triaxial strength and impact tendency indexes under different confining pressure conditions;
the grading early warning module is specifically used for determining the three-axis strength of the target rock relative to the real stress level according to the real stress;
comparing the real stress with the triaxial strength of the target rock to obtain a rock burst risk index;
and the corresponding relation between the risk index and the impact tendency index is used for carrying out graded alarm on the rock burst.
6. A coal mine rock burst early warning system is characterized by comprising:
the system comprises an optical fiber demodulator, an optical fiber grating three-dimensional stress sensor connected with the optical fiber demodulator and a monitoring computer with a software analysis system;
the fiber bragg grating three-dimensional stress sensor is used for monitoring three-dimensional stress optical data of a rock;
the optical fiber demodulator is used for demodulating the three-dimensional stress optical data and transmitting a demodulation result to the monitoring computer;
the software analysis system is used for realizing the coal mine rock burst early warning method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4.
7. A colliery rock burst early warning equipment which characterized in that includes:
a memory for storing a computer program;
a processor for implementing the steps of the coal mine rock burst warning method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 when executing the computer program.
8. A readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the coal mine rock burst warning method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
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| CN111366461B (en) * | 2020-04-13 | 2023-02-03 | 鲁东大学 | Method for testing tensile strength of rock |
| CN112198051B (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2022-10-04 | 河北工业大学 | Rock tensile fracture identification method based on energy evolution under lateral pressure effect and application |
| CN113756871A (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2021-12-07 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Real-time early warning method and system for hard roof type rock burst |
| CN113686471B (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2022-05-20 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Roof fracture type rock burst grading early warning method |
| CN113818927B (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2024-03-15 | 山东省煤田地质规划勘察研究院 | Rock burst control device with energy guiding function |
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