CN110850059B - Fluid-solid coupling analog simulation experiment method for confined aquifer - Google Patents

Fluid-solid coupling analog simulation experiment method for confined aquifer Download PDF

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CN110850059B
CN110850059B CN201911129648.8A CN201911129648A CN110850059B CN 110850059 B CN110850059 B CN 110850059B CN 201911129648 A CN201911129648 A CN 201911129648A CN 110850059 B CN110850059 B CN 110850059B
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plate
water
partition
partition plate
simulation
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CN110850059A (en
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易四海
连会青
晏涛
尹尚先
杨俊文
韩瑞刚
王晓玲
张宇
成毓钧
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North China Institute of Science and Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/24—Earth materials
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    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/40—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for geology

Abstract

The invention discloses a fluid-solid coupling analog simulation experiment method of a confined aquifer, which is characterized in that the confined aquifer is manufactured in an analog simulation overburden rock layer, so that the confined aquifer is positioned at an experimental set position in the analog simulation overburden rock layer; the confined aquifer comprises an inner layer water storage belt, an outer layer sealing belt and a water injection pipe, the inner layer water storage belt is fully covered by the outer layer sealing belt, and the mechanical strength of the inner layer water storage belt is the same as or similar to that of the outer layer sealing belt; the water outlet end of the water injection pipe is positioned in the inner water storage zone, and the water supply end of the water injection pipe penetrates through the outer sealing belt and is led out of the similar simulation test device. The inner water storage belt has good sealing effect, and the mechanical strength of the inner water storage belt and the mechanical strength of the outer sealing belt are the same or similar, so that the mechanical strength of the whole rock stratum is not influenced, the mechanical movement of the rock stratum after excavation is not influenced, and the movement law of a confined water-bearing stratum in actual mining can be well simulated.

Description

Fluid-solid coupling analog simulation experiment method for confined aquifer
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mining analog simulation. In particular to a fluid-solid coupling analog simulation experiment method of a confined aquifer.
Background
The water damage of the coal mine is one of main potential safety hazards in parallel with gas, roof accidents and the like in the process of mine construction and production, and the research on the water damage of the coal mine is very necessary in a targeted manner. The water damage of coal mines occurs for a plurality of reasons: the hydrogeological conditions of the coal mine are not clear; the understory floor of the coal seam is not recognized enough with pressure bearing water; inadequate implementation of water channel exploration and drainage systems or provision of measures when mine roadways approach old goaf water and aquifer water sources; the lack of knowledge of the water permeation warning by field workers, or the lack of active measures, all of which lead to water hazards. The main reason is that the disaster mechanism caused by water disaster is not known. The research on the water disaster mechanism mainly focuses on the water inrush problem under the coupling action of mining stress change and high confined water, and a large number of experiments are required for researching the water inrush problem of mines. Under the limited field test conditions, the indoor fluid-solid coupling similar material simulation test is the most effective means.
At present, in the prior art, simulation test research on a water-bearing stratum in a shallow soil layer is related, for example, in municipal engineering construction, the water-bearing stratum in the shallow soil layer is usually sealed by a glass plate, the motion change rule of the water-bearing stratum is carried out when the shallow soil layer is disturbed, but when the shallow soil layer moves, water in the water-bearing stratum flows out from a gap between the glass plate and the soil layer, the real sealing of the water-bearing stratum cannot be realized, and the simulation test research on a confined water-bearing stratum in mining cannot be simulated; however, the foam rubber, the sealant, or the like adheres to the glass plate, and when the shallow overburden layer is greatly disturbed or collapsed, the water-containing layer is separated from the foam rubber, the sealant, or the like, and the sealing effect of the water-containing layer cannot be achieved. Therefore, no relevant experimental method for confined aquifers exists in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a confined aquifer fluid-solid coupling analog simulation experiment method which can be used for research on confined aquifer analog simulation experiments in mining.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a confined aquifer fluid-solid coupling analog simulation experiment method is characterized in that in the process of laying an analog simulation overburden stratum, a confined aquifer is manufactured in the analog simulation overburden stratum, so that the confined aquifer is located at a position set in an experiment in the analog simulation overburden stratum; the confined aquifer comprises an inner layer water storage belt, an outer layer sealing belt and a water injection pipe, the inner layer water storage belt is fully covered by the outer layer sealing belt, the inner layer water storage belt contains water and allows water to freely pass through, the outer layer sealing belt does not allow water to freely pass through, and the mechanical strength of the inner layer water storage belt is the same as or close to that of the outer layer sealing belt (within +/-5 percent of the difference); the water outlet end of the water injection pipe is positioned in the inner water storage zone, and the water supply end of the water injection pipe penetrates through the outer sealing belt and is led out of the analog simulation test device; the utility model discloses a mine water injection pipe, including water injection pipe, inner water storage area, outer sealing belt, mechanical strength, the motion law of confined aquifer among the actual mine exploitation can be simulated well to the mechanical motion of stratum after not influencing because the mechanical strength of inner water storage area and outer sealing belt is the same or similar, because the mechanical strength who does not influence whole stratum does not influence the stratum, also does not influence the excavation on the inner water storage area and outer sealing belt, has the apopore (the mode of adopting outer sealing belt to wrap the inner water storage area completely) seted up on the water outlet end pipe wall of water injection pipe. The water outlet end of the water injection pipe is laid along the trend of the inner-layer water storage belt and is located in the middle of the inner-layer water storage belt (the water injection pipe can quickly inject water into the inner-layer water storage belt and quickly reach saturation). The distance between every two adjacent water outlet holes is equal, such as 30 cm; from the water supply end of the water injection pipe to the water outlet end head (end head closed) of the water injection pipe: the aperture of a water outlet hole formed in the pipe wall of the water outlet end of the water injection pipe is gradually increased, so that the frictional resistance of water is eliminated, and the water can be uniformly injected into each part of the inner-layer water storage belt.
According to the fluid-solid coupling similar simulation experiment method for the confined aquifer, the inner-layer water storage zone is made of a similar material containing water; the outer sealing belt is made of water-resisting similar materials [ a plurality of researches on various water-containing similar materials and water-resisting similar materials in the prior art are provided, and various water-containing similar materials and water-resisting similar materials are provided, so that the corresponding water-containing similar materials in the prior art can be selected to make the inner water storage belt and the water-resisting similar material outer sealing belt according to the geological conditions of the mine to be simulated ].
The technical scheme of the invention achieves the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the inner water storage belt is completely coated by the outer sealing belt, so that the inner water storage belt can be well sealed, the mechanical strength of the inner water storage belt and the mechanical strength of the outer sealing belt are the same or similar, the mechanical strength of the whole rock stratum is not influenced, the mechanical movement of the rock stratum after excavation is not influenced, and the movement law of a confined water-bearing layer in actual mining can be well simulated. According to the geological conditions of the mine to be simulated, corresponding water-containing similar materials in the prior art can be selected to manufacture the inner water storage belt and the outer sealing belt made of water-resisting similar materials can be selected.
2. This application adopts split type side guard plate, compares integral backplate, and the analogue simulation layer is laid to the convenient successive layer of design of split type side guard plate. The split type side guard plate, the left vertical frame and the right vertical frame are all channel steel, and raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain and do not need to be processed independently; the split type side guard plate adopts the channel steel, the split type side guard plate which is adjacent from top to bottom can be ensured to be stable, and the split type side guard plate is installed and lifted layer by layer, and the channel steel can be used for conveniently selecting and pressing parts. The adoption compresses tightly the tank bottom of split type side guard plate structural style on left grudging post and right grudging post channel-section steel cell wall, makes form between the channel-section steel tank bottom of base, split type side guard plate, the channel-section steel tank bottom of left grudging post and the channel-section steel tank bottom of right grudging post the analog simulation space is strict cuboid, not only can reduce the degree of difficulty that the analog simulation layer was laid, and it is extravagant to reduce analog simulation material, can improve analog simulation test's accuracy moreover. The pressing part is adopted to press the two ends of the split type side guard plates on the left vertical frame and the right vertical frame, so that when different sensors are arranged at different heights, a sensor connecting line is led out from a gap between two vertically adjacent split type side guard plates; if set up the installation through-hole on the both ends of split type side guard plate, follow supreme every layer of sensor line down and draw forth the height that can make every layer of split type side guard plate and shift up gradually, finally can make the installation through-hole of the split type side guard plate of a certain split type side guard plate and top can't be right-up with the through-hole on the right grudging post and the through-hole on the left grudging post, the bolt can't pass simultaneously, through-hole on the right grudging post and the through-hole on the left grudging post and its correspondence the installation through-hole of split type side guard plate leads to the usable height of analog space to be limited. And the design that the hold-down part adopts the slot hole is in order to make hold-down part's adaptability better, the condition emergence of the through-hole that can appear when avoiding the round hole design on with the left grudging post channel-section steel cell wall and the through-hole on the right grudging post channel-section steel cell wall can just not just influence the bolt and pass. The fluid conduction pipe is used for being conducted with an external fluid supply pipe so as to inject fluid into the similar simulation space for carrying out similar simulation tests. The confined aquifer is paved by adopting the confined aquifer paving component, so that the confined aquifer can be quickly and effectively paved, and the outer sealing belt layer is prevented from being damaged. The baffle hold-down mechanism can compress tightly the broken baffle of taking of fault, prevents that the broken baffle of taking of fault from rocking to cause the simulation layer to collapse or can not lay according to experimental predetermined scheme.
3. The partition plate is formed by splicing a plurality of partition plate units, is expanded along a fault fracture zone, and is beneficial to tamping similar simulation materials at an included angle when a simulation layer is laid; after the simulation layers in the lower disc analog simulation space and the upper disc analog simulation space are laid, one partition plate unit can be drawn away from bottom to top according to actual conditions, and the space formed after the partition plate unit is drawn away is filled with fault fracture zone analog simulation materials in time, so that the whole fault fracture zone can be gradually filled, and the deformation or collapse of the laid simulation layers after one whole plate is drawn away is avoided. The occlusion part is attached to the groove wall of the occlusion groove, so that two adjacent partition plate units can be better connected and expanded along the fault fracture zone. The clapboards in the adjacent clapboard units are mutually attached, so that the paved simulation layer material can be prevented from entering the clapboard units. The thickness of fault fracture zones in the simulated formation is different, and the distance between the first partition plate and the second partition plate can be adjusted through the supporting component, so that fault fracture zones with different thicknesses can be simulated. The independent supporting bolt in the adjusting supporting part can be adjusted in a small range, the combined supporting bolt can be adjusted in a large range, and the combined supporting bolt can be specifically selected according to actual needs. The male partition plate (or the first L-shaped partition plate) and the female partition plate (or the second L-shaped partition plate) of each partition plate can be adjusted, the contact area of a single partition plate unit and a fault can be adjusted, the universality of the partition plate units is improved, the partition plate units are not required to be customized for similar simulation tests under different conditions, one set of partition plate units can be used in different simulation tests, and the test cost is reduced.
The length of a single partition plate unit along the trend of a fault fracture zone from bottom to top is designed in a specific mode, the height of a single protection plate (usually a channel steel or a steel plate is adopted in a test) in a similar simulation space is referred, the height of the single protection plate and the height of the single protection plate are kept consistent, and therefore the partition plate pressing mechanism can be conveniently used for pressing and fixing the spliced partition plate unit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fluid-solid coupling simulation experiment device for a confined aquifer; FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the connection of the left stand frame and the split type side guard plate; FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a split side guard plate structure; FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the construction of the hold-down member; FIG. 5 is a schematic side view of the hold-down member; FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of an aquifer laying member; FIG. 7 is a schematic side view of an aquifer laying member; FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure after the confined aquifer has been laid; FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a similar simulation model of geological conditions without fault fracture zones.
Reference numerals in fig. 1 to 9 denote: 1-a base; 2-left standing frame; 3-right vertical frame; 4-a cross beam; 5-split type side guard plate; 7-analog simulation space; 0-a shunt; 0-1-bolt; 0-2-nut; 0-3-pad; 0-4-a hold down member; 0-5-groove wall of channel steel; 0-6-groove bottom of the channel steel; 0-7-a fluid conduit; 0-8-slot; 0-9-fluid supply apparatus; 0-10-confined aquifer laying member; 0-11-left vertical plate; 0-12-right vertical plate; 0-13-front vertical plate; 0-14-rear vertical plate; 0-15-water injection pipe notch; 0-16-outer layer sealing tape; 0-17-inner layer water storage belt.
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a simulation-like experimental model of geological conditions with a fault-fractured zone; FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the structure of a separator unit; FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a structure after splicing of the partition board units; FIG. 13 is a schematic structural view of a support member; FIG. 14 is a schematic view of another support member configuration; FIG. 15 is a schematic structural view of a mother separator plate of the first separator plate or the second separator plate of the separator unit; FIG. 16 is another schematic structural view of a mother separator plate of the first separator plate or the second separator plate of the separator unit; FIG. 17 is another schematic structural view of a mother separator plate of the first separator plate or the second separator plate of the separator unit; FIG. 18 is a schematic structural view of a male separator plate in the first separator plate or the second separator plate in the separator unit; FIG. 19 is a schematic view showing a structure in which a female separator plate and a male separator plate in the first separator plate or the second separator plate in the separator unit are engaged; FIG. 20 is a schematic view of the structure of a first L-shaped separator plate in the separator unit; FIG. 21 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a first L-shaped separator plate in the separator unit; FIG. 22 is another schematic cross-sectional structural view of the first L-shaped separator plate in the separator unit; FIG. 23 is a schematic view of the structure of a second L-shaped separator plate in the separator unit; FIG. 24 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second L-shaped separator plate in the separator unit; FIG. 25 is a schematic structural diagram of a partitioning plate pressing mechanism of the partitioning plate mechanism for fault fabrication in a similar simulation experiment, which presses a partitioning plate of a split fault fracture zone in a similar simulation space; FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram of a split fault zone partition in a fault zone; FIG. 27 is a schematic structural diagram of a single baffle unit with adjustable length and thickness from bottom to top along the fault fracture zone; FIG. 28 is a schematic structural diagram of a single baffle unit with adjustable length and thickness from bottom to top along the fault fracture zone; FIG. 29 is a schematic structural view of a single baffle unit with adjustable length and thickness from bottom to top along the fault fracture zone; FIG. 30 is a schematic structural diagram of a single baffle unit with adjustable length and thickness from bottom to top along a fault fracture zone.
Reference numerals in fig. 10 to 24 denote: 6-fault fracture zone baffles; 7-analog simulation space; 8-a first separator; 9-a second separator; 10-supporting strips; 11-an engaging member; 11-1-bite groove; 12-independent stay bolts; 13-adjusting the nut; 13-1-blind hole; 14-a support strip unit; 14-1-via; 15-a first support bolt; 16-a second support bolt; 17-a female separator plate; 18-a male separator plate; 19-a slot; 20-a plugboard; 21-an adjustment tank; 22-a fastening nut; 23-fastening bolts; 24-a first L-shaped separator plate; 241-a separator substrate; 242-spacer thick work plate; 25-a second L-shaped separator plate; 251-a thin working plate of a separator; 26-footwall analog simulation space; 27-upper disk analog simulation space; 28-fault fracture zone. 0-18-impact panel; 0-19-U shaped hold down members; 0-20-hold down bolts; 0-21-pressure nut; 0-22-compression tablets.
Detailed Description
The fluid-solid coupling simulation experiment method for the confined aquifer in the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, a similar simulation experiment device with a similar simulation space 7 is manufactured, and the longitudinal height of the similar simulation space 7 can be gradually increased or decreased according to the requirements of the similar simulation experiment.
Secondly, similar simulation overburden rock layers are paved in a similar simulation space 7 from bottom to top, fault transition zone clapboards are embedded between two adjacent faults in the process of performing similar simulation on geological conditions with fault fracture zones, the thickness of each fault transition zone clapboard is equal to that of a fault transition zone between the two faults, and the fault transition zone clapboards are paved along the trend of the fault transition zone from bottom to top.
Thirdly, when the similar simulation overlying strata are paved to the bottom of the position of the bearing water-bearing stratum set by the test, the bearing water-bearing stratum is manufactured;
as shown in fig. 1, the confined aquifer comprises an inner water storage belt 0-17, an outer sealing belt 0-16 and a water injection pipe X-3, wherein the water injection pipe can be a plastic hose, but a hard plastic pipe or an iron pipe cannot be selected, because the movement law of a simulated stratum can be influenced during excavation, the inner water storage belt 0-17 is completely covered by the outer sealing belt 0-16, the inner water storage belt 0-17 contains water and allows water to freely pass through, the outer sealing belt 0-16 does not allow water to freely pass through, and the mechanical strength of the inner water storage belt 0-17 and the mechanical strength of the outer sealing belt 0-16 are the same or close (within +/-5 percent); the water outlet end of the water injection pipe X-3 is positioned in the inner water storage belt 0-17, and the water supply end of the water injection pipe X-3 penetrates through the outer sealing belt 0-16 and is led out of the similar simulation test device; a water outlet hole X-4 is arranged on the pipe wall of the water outlet end of the water injection pipe X-3. The water outlet end of the water injection pipe X-3 is laid along the direction of the inner water storage belt 0-17 and is positioned in the middle of the inner water storage belt 0-17, the distance between every two adjacent water outlet holes X-4 is equal, and the distance is 30cm in the embodiment; in the direction from the water supply end of the water injection pipe X-3 to the water outlet end head (end head closed) of the water injection pipe X-3: the diameter of a water outlet hole X-4 formed in the pipe wall of the water outlet end of the water injection pipe X-3 is gradually increased (the diameter is consistent when the water pressure is high, especially the diameter is gradually increased under the condition of low water pressure), and the frictional resistance of water is eliminated, so that the water can be uniformly injected into all parts of the inner water storage belt 0-17.
The embodiment adopts the following steps to manufacture the confined aquifer:
a. laying a lower sealing strip X-5 of the outer sealing strips 0-16 on the similar simulation overlying strata layer of the test set area;
b. as shown in fig. 2 and 3, a confined aquifer laying member 0-10 is placed on the lower sealing strip X-5, the bottom and the top of the confined aquifer laying member 0-10 are both in an open structure, the periphery of the confined aquifer laying member 0-10 is closed, and a water injection pipe notch 0-15 for leading out a water supply end of the water injection pipe X-3 is arranged on the side wall of the confined aquifer laying member 0-10;
c. similar simulated overlying strata are continuously paved around the confined aquifer paving components 0-10 until the similar simulated overlying strata are flush with the top end surfaces of the confined aquifer paving components 0-10;
d. laying the inner layer water storage belt 0-17 in the confined aquifer laying part 0-10 through the opening at the top of the confined aquifer laying part 0-10 until the inner layer water storage belt 0-17 is flush with the top end surface of the confined aquifer laying part 0-10, and pre-placing the water supply end of the water injection pipe X-3 in the inner layer water storage belt 0-17 in the process of laying the inner layer water storage belt 0-17;
e. after the laying of the inner layer water storage belt 0-17 is finished, taking out the confined aquifer laying parts 0-10, and laying the circumferential sealing belt X-6 of the outer layer sealing belt 0-16 in a space formed after taking out the confined aquifer laying parts 0-10;
f. and after the circumferential sealing strip X-6 is laid, laying a top sealing strip X-7 of the outer sealing strips 0-16 above the circumferential sealing strip X-6 and the inner water storage strips 0-17.
The inner water storage belt 0-17 is made of similar materials containing water; the outer sealing belts 0-16 are made of water-proof similar materials.
Geologically, an aquifer refers to a rock formation that can pass through and give a certain amount of water. And a water barrier refers to rock soil that may contain a certain amount of water, but does not allow water to freely pass through. The selection of the water-containing similar material and the water-proof similar material is selected according to the address condition of the mining site of the mine, so that the simulation experiment can truly reflect the actual site. The searching of the conduction path of the pressure-bearing water source is a key technical point for researching the water damage mechanism, and in the process of the analog simulation experiment, due to the dynamic disturbance of overburden caused by mining, the problem that the pressure-bearing water-bearing layers on the two sides of the model are closed and are extremely difficult to solve is solved. Therefore, the method for manufacturing the confined aquifer determines success or failure of a simulation test, and well solves the technical problem that dynamic disturbance of overburden rock caused by mining influences the sealing of the confined aquifers on two sides of the model.
The water-proof similar material has certain strength, and meanwhile, when a fluid-solid coupling experiment is carried out, the water-proof similar material has extremely weak permeability and water absorption performance, and can still maintain certain strength rather than looseness under the conditions of water infiltration and water immersion of a water-bearing layer.
The water-containing similar material comprises sand, calcium carbonate, gypsum and water; the water-resisting similar material comprises sand, calcium carbonate, gypsum, a water-resisting agent and water, wherein the water-resisting agent can be paraffin and/or vaseline, and can also be any one of neutral silicone weather-resistant adhesive, polyvinyl acetate emulsion and sbs adhesive.
The materials of the similar materials of the aquifer and the similar materials of the waterproof layer need to be considered as follows: 1, the mechanical strength of rock strata of an inner water storage belt 0-17 made of similar water-containing materials and an outer sealing belt made of similar water-resisting materials are the same or similar (within +/-5 percent of each other); 2, the mechanical and water-proof performance is stable, and the influence of external conditions such as temperature and humidity is avoided; 3, the mechanical property of the material can be changed by changing the mixture ratio, so that the material is convenient to use; 4, the solidification time is short, the manufacture is convenient and the molding is easy; 5, the material source is rich, and the cost is low; 6 during the manufacturing process, the material does not produce substances harmful to health. Or on the basis of a simulation experiment based on the solid-phase similar material, a proper amount of water-resisting additive is added into the solid-phase model material.
Quartz sand SiO selected from similar material of water-resisting layer2The content is not less than 95%, and the selected particle sizes are respectively as follows: 5-7 meshes, 12-18 meshes and 18-80 meshes, and the calcium carbonate, the gypsum, the paraffin, the vaseline paraffin and the vaseline can improve water resistance, so that pores and solubility of crystals are changed, and invasion of water molecules is prevented; the addition of vaseline is increased, so that the elastic modulus of a test piece is reduced, and the deformation capacity is improved; different mixing amounts of paraffin play a key role in controlling the permeability of the material, the solid phase proportion of the material is fixed, the water resistance is mainly reflected by the mixing amount of the paraffin, and the model material can realize the similar simulation of low strength, large deformation and water resistance of a prototype stratum by adjusting the mixing amount of the paraffin and vaseline. And in a certain range, the more dense the cementation of the material for adjusting the doping amount of the paraffin, the compressive strength of the test piece can be further changed, namely: the higher the dosage of the paraffin, the higher the strength of the test piece, and when the dosage of the paraffin reaches a certain amount, the plastic deformation capacity is smaller, the compressive strength is increased, but the increase of the compressive strength is slowed down.
Through experiments and data analysis, aggregate gradation preparation and calcium carbonate and gypsum mass ratio of the quartz sand with the particle size of the lump stone of more than 10mm, the particle size of the pebble of 2mm and the particle size of the coarse sand of less than 1mm are adjusted, and the compressive strength, the permeability coefficient and the water absorption rate of the aquifer similar simulation test piece just accord with the mass ratio of the quartz sand, the calcium carbonate and the gypsum of most aquifers at the moment of 7:2: 1. The larger the total proportion of the coarse-particle-size particle materials is, the lower the compressive strength of the similar material test piece is, and also shows that the larger the total proportion of the coarse-particle-size particle materials is, the higher the porosity of the similar material test piece is, the larger the gap is, the more the water content is, and the less the similar material test piece is resistant to compression. And if the proportion of the coarse-grain-size particle material is smaller, the porosity of the coarse-grain-size particle material is lower, the pore space is smaller, the water content is smaller, and the similar material test piece is more resistant to pressure. The greater the permeability coefficient, the better the pore connectivity of the material, and the greater the amount of water that can be contained; the permeability coefficient is the lowest, which means that the pore connectivity of the material is relatively the worst, the voids are relatively the smallest, and the amount of water that can be contained is relatively the largest.
And fourthly, when the similar simulation overburden is laid to the pre-buried position of the sensor set by the test, burying the corresponding sensor in the similar simulation overburden, and leading out the connecting line of the sensor to the outside of the similar simulation space 7.
And fifthly, after the similar simulation overburden is laid, performing similar simulation on the geological condition with the fault fracture zone, taking out the fault transition zone partition plates from the bottom to the top of the similar simulation experiment device one by one, and filling fault transition zone similar materials in the space left after taking out the fault transition zone partition plates after taking out one fault transition zone partition plate each time until all fault transition zone partition plates are taken out and the fault transition zone is filled completely.
And sixthly, supplying fluid to the water supply end of the water injection pipe X-3 through the fluid supply equipment 0-9 and the flow divider 0 of the analog simulation experiment device, in an actual analog simulation experiment, the water distribution pipes are usually laid on different analog simulation layers from bottom to top, namely the water distribution pipes are arranged on the layers of different aquifers, so that water inlets are arranged on the left upright post and the right upright post from bottom to top, fluid outlets of the fluid supply equipment 0-9 are communicated with fluid inlets of the flow divider 0, and fluid outlets of the flow divider 0 are respectively communicated with different fluids of the water injection pipe X-3, so that horizontal layered water inlet can be realized, an experiment phenomenon is observed, and an experiment result is recorded.
The simulation modeling experiment device used in the confined aquifer fluid-solid coupling simulation experiment method is shown in figure 1, the side guard plate comprises a base 1, a left vertical frame 2, a right vertical frame 3, a cross beam 4 and a split type side guard plate 5, wherein the left vertical frame 2 and the right vertical frame 3 are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the base 1, the both ends of crossbeam 4 are installed respectively left grudging post 2 with the upper end of right grudging post 3, the both ends of split type side guard plate 5 respectively with left grudging post 2 with the connection can be dismantled to right grudging post 3, preceding split type side guard plate 5, hou mian split type side guard plate 5 left grudging post 2 right grudging post 3 with base 1 encloses into simulation modeling space 7, compares integral backplate, and the design of split type side guard plate makes things convenient for the successive layer to lay simulation layer, and the thickness on simulation layer is easily controlled and is compacted.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the left vertical frame 2 and the right vertical frame 3 are respectively provided with a bolt 0-1, a nut 0-2, a gasket 0-3 and a pressing component 0-4; on the left stand 2: one end of the bolt 0-1 sequentially penetrates through a through hole in the left vertical frame 2, a through hole in the pressing part 0-4, the gasket 0-3 and the nut 0-2, and one end of the split type side guard plate 5 is pressed between the pressing part 0-4 and the left vertical frame 2; on the right stand 3: one end of the bolt 0-1 sequentially penetrates through the through hole in the right vertical frame 3, the through hole in the pressing part 0-4, the gasket 0-3 and the nut 0-2, and one end of the split type side guard plate 5 is pressed between the pressing part 0-4 and the right vertical frame 3. The two ends of the split type side guard plates 5 are pressed on the left vertical frame 2 and the right vertical frame 3 by adopting the pressing parts 0-4, so that when different sensors are arranged at different heights, a sensor connecting line is led out from a gap between two adjacent split type side guard plates 5; if set up the installation through-hole on the both ends of split type side guard plate 5, follow supreme every layer of sensor line down and draw forth and to make every layer split type side guard plate 5 highly shift up gradually, finally can make a certain kind split type side guard plate 5 and its top split type side guard plate 5's installation through-hole can't with through-hole on the right grudging post 3 with through-hole on the left grudging post 2 is unable to be to last, and bolt 0-1 can't pass simultaneously through-hole on the right grudging post 3 with through-hole on the left grudging post 2 and the installation through-hole that corresponds split type side guard plate 5 leads to the available height in analog space 7 to be restricted.
As shown in fig. 2 and 5, the split side guard plate 5, the left stand 2 and the right stand 3 are all channel steel, and the notches of the split side guard plate 5, the left stand 2 and the right stand 3 are all outward; on the left stand 2: one end of the bolt 0-1 sequentially penetrates through a through hole in a channel wall 0-5 of the channel of the left vertical frame 2, a through hole in a pressing part 0-4, the gasket 0-3 and the nut 0-2, and one end of a channel bottom 0-6 of the split type side guard plate 5 is pressed between the pressing part 0-4 and the left vertical frame 2; on the right stand 3: one end of the bolt 0-1 sequentially penetrates through a through hole in a channel wall 0-5 of the right vertical frame 3, a through hole in a pressing part 0-4, the gasket 0-3 and the nut 0-2, and one end of a channel bottom 0-6 of the split type side guard plate 5 is pressed between the pressing part 0-4 and the right vertical frame 3; the groove walls 0-5 of the channel steel of the split type side guard plates 5 which are adjacent up and down are opposite up and down. The split type side guard plate 5, the left vertical frame 2 and the right vertical frame 3 are all channel steel, and raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain and do not need to be processed separately; the split type side guard plates 5 adopt channel steel, so that the split type side guard plates 5 which are adjacent up and down can be ensured to be stable and be installed and lifted layer by layer; the left vertical frame 2 and the right vertical frame 3 adopt channel steel, so that the pressing parts 0-4 can be selected very conveniently; the adoption will the tank bottom of split type side guard plate 5 compresses tightly structural style on left grudging post 2 with on the 3 channel-section steel cell walls of right grudging post 0-5 makes base 1, channel-section steel tank bottom 0-6 of split type side guard plate 5, channel-section steel tank bottom 0-6 of left grudging post 2 and form between the channel-section steel tank bottom 0-6 of right grudging post 3 analog simulation space 7 is strict cuboid, not only can reduce the degree of difficulty that the analog simulation layer was laid, reduces analog simulation material extravagant, can improve analog simulation test's accuracy moreover.
As shown in fig. 2, fluid conduction pipes 0 to 7 are fixedly installed on the groove bottoms 0 to 6 of the channel steels of the left stand 2 and/or the right stand 3, one ends of the fluid conduction pipes 0 to 7 are fixedly installed in the groove bottoms 0 to 6 of the channel steels and are flush with the outer surfaces of the groove bottoms 0 to 6 of the channel steels, external threads are arranged at the other ends of the fluid conduction pipes 0 to 7, and the fluid conduction pipes 0 to 7 are used for being conducted with an external fluid supply pipe so as to inject fluid into the similar simulation space 7 for a similar simulation test.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the pressing members 0 to 4 are L-shaped angle steels, and the through holes in the L-shaped angle steels are slot holes 0 to 8, and the slot holes are designed to make the pressing members 0 to 4 have better adaptability, so as to avoid the occurrence of the situation that the through holes in the slot walls 0 to 5 of the channel steels of the left vertical frame 2 and the slot walls 0 to 5 of the channel steels of the right vertical frame 3, which may occur when the round holes are designed, cannot be aligned with each other, so that the bolts 0 to 1 can pass through the through holes.
In the laying process confined aquifer laying members 0-10 are involved, whereas in the simulation test process fluid supply devices 0-9 are required. The fluid outlets of said fluid supply means 0-9 are in fluid communication with said analogue space 7 as shown in figure 1, and said confined aquifer laying members 0-10 are located within said analogue space 7 for laying a confined aquifer which is to be removed after it has been laid.
When a simulated stratum contains a confined aquifer, the conditions of the confined aquifer need to be simulated, and the confined aquifer is prepared by adopting a confined aquifer laying component 0-10, as shown in figures 6-7, wherein the confined aquifer laying component 0-10 comprises a left vertical plate 0-11, a right vertical plate 0-12, a front vertical plate 0-13 and a rear vertical plate 0-14, the left vertical plate 0-11 and the right vertical plate 0-12 are respectively and fixedly arranged between the front vertical plate 0-13 and the rear vertical plate 0-14, the left vertical plate 0-11 is positioned at the left end of the front vertical plate 0-13 and the rear vertical plate 0-14, the outer plate surface of the left vertical plate 0-11 is flush with the left end surfaces of the front vertical plate 0-13 and the rear vertical plate 0-14, the right vertical plate 0-12 is positioned at the right ends of the front vertical plate 0-13 and the rear vertical plate 0-14 and the right vertical plate 0-14 The outer plate surfaces of the plates 0-12 are flush with the right end surfaces of the front vertical plates 0-13 and the rear vertical plates 0-14; and an outer sealing tape 0-16 is laid at the bottom of a space surrounded by the left vertical plate 0-11, the right vertical plate 0-12, the front vertical plate 0-13 and the rear vertical plate 0-14, an inner water storage tape 0-17 is arranged in the space surrounded by the left vertical plate 0-11, the right vertical plate 0-12, the front vertical plate 0-13 and the rear vertical plate 0-14, and a water injection pipe notch 0-15 is arranged on the bottom edge of the left vertical plate 0-11 or the right vertical plate 0-12.
Laying an outer layer sealing strip 0-16 at the position where a confined aquifer is required to be laid, then laying a left vertical plate 0-11, a right vertical plate 0-12, a front vertical plate 0-13 and a rear vertical plate 0-14 of a member 0-10 for laying the confined aquifer on the laid outer layer sealing strip 0-16, putting an inner layer water storage strip 0-17 in a space defined by the left vertical plate 0-11, the right vertical plate 0-12, the front vertical plate 0-13 and the rear vertical plate 0-14, embedding a water injection pipe in the inner layer water storage strip 0-17, conducting the water injection pipe with water supply equipment through a water injection pipe gap 0-15 so as to supply water containing similar materials, taking out the member 0-10 for laying the confined aquifer from the similar simulation space 7 after the inner layer water storage strip 0-17 is solidified, the confined aquifer laying members 0 to 10 form spaces filled with outer sealing belts 0 to 16, and outer sealing belts 0 to 16 are laid above the inner water storage belts 0 to 17, namely the inner water storage belts 0 to 17 are wrapped by the outer sealing belts 0 to 16, as shown in fig. 8.
The concrete during operation: 1. the base 1, the left vertical frame 2, the right vertical frame 3 and the cross beam 4 are assembled. 2. According to the thickness of the stratum to be simulated, a front split type side guard plate 5 and a rear split type side guard plate 5 are respectively installed on the left vertical frame 2 and the right vertical frame 3 through bolts 0-1, nuts 0-2, gaskets 0-3 and compression parts 0-4, so that a similar simulation space 7 is formed. 3. As shown in fig. 30, similar simulation layer materials are laid in similar simulation spaces respectively according to actual geological conditions. 4. After the similar simulation layer material of the previous layer is laid, the next group of the front split type side guard plate 5 and the rear split type side guard plate 5 are installed, and the similar simulation layers are laid layer by layer. 5. When the construction is carried out to the aquifer containing confined water, the construction is carried out by using the confined water layer construction members 0 to 10. Laying an outer layer sealing strip 0-16 at the position where a confined aquifer is required to be laid, then laying a left vertical plate 0-11, a right vertical plate 0-12, a front vertical plate 0-13 and a rear vertical plate 0-14 of a confined aquifer laying part 0-10 on the laid outer layer sealing strip 0-16, then placing an inner layer water storage strip 0-17 in a space enclosed by the left vertical plate 0-11, the right vertical plate 0-12, the front vertical plate 0-13 and the rear vertical plate 0-14, embedding a water injection pipe in the inner layer water storage strip 0-17, conducting the water injection pipe with water supply equipment through a water injection pipe gap 0-15 so as to supply water containing similar materials 0-17, after the inner layer water storage strip 0-17 is solidified, taking out the confined aquifer laying part 0-10 from the similar simulation space 7, the confined aquifer laying parts 0-10 form spaces filled with outer sealing belts 0-16, and outer sealing belts 0-16 are laid above the inner water storage belts 0-17, namely the inner water storage belts 0-17 are all wrapped by the outer sealing belts 0-16. 6. A similar simulation test can be carried out by injecting fluid into the similar simulation space 7 through the fluid supply devices 0-9 and the fluid conduction pipes 0-7; as shown in fig. 1, simultaneous delivery of fluid to similar aquifer levels at different aquifer levels can be achieved by installing a flow diverter 0 between the fluid supply apparatus 0-9 and the fluid conduits 0-7.
Carrying out similar simulation on geological conditions of a confined aquifer with a fault fracture zone,the fault fracture zone pressing mechanism is used for pressing the fault fracture zone in the similar simulation space; the fault fracture zone partition is positioned in the similar simulation space 7 and divides the similar simulation space 7 into a lower disc similar simulation space and an upper disc similar simulation space.
As shown in fig. 25, the partition pressing mechanism comprises pressing panels 0-18, U-shaped pressing parts 0-19, pressing pieces 0-22 and pressing bolts 0-20, the lower plate surfaces of the compaction panels 0-18 are pressed on the top of the fault crushing zone baffle 6, one arm of the U-shaped compaction components 0-19 is detachably connected with the split type side guard plate 5, one end of the pressing bolt 0-20 passes through the pressing nut 0-21 on the other arm of the U-shaped pressing member 0-19 and is screw-coupled with the pressing piece 0-22, the compression bolts 0-20 are in threaded connection with the pressure nuts 0-21, and the compression bolts 0-20 are rotated to enable the compression pieces 0-22 to abut against the upper plate surfaces of the compression panels 0-18. In order to prevent the fault fracture zone partition 6 from shaking to cause the collapse of the simulation layer, the fault fracture zone partition 6 needs to be compressed by a partition compressing mechanism. When the device is used, the compression panels 0-18 are placed on the fault crushing zone partition plates 6 and abut against the channel steel groove walls 0-5 of the split type side protection plates 5, the compression bolts 0-20 are rotated to enable the compression pieces 0-22 to abut against the upper plate surfaces of the compression panels 0-18, the partition plate units at the lowest layer abut against the bottom of the similar simulation space, and the partition plate units at the uppermost layer abut against the lower plate surfaces of the compression panels 0-18.
The fault-breaking zone baffle 6 in the embodiment can be selected from the following forms:
one of the structural forms of the fault-breaking belt baffle 6 is as follows: as shown in fig. 11 and 12, the split fault-breaking belt barrier 6 is formed by splicing a plurality of barrier units, each barrier unit comprises a first barrier 8, a second barrier 9, an engagement member 11 and a support member, the support member is located between the first barrier 8 and the second barrier 9 and keeps the distance between the first barrier 8 and the second barrier 9 constant, and two opposite side edges of the engagement member 11 are respectively located in engagement grooves 11-1 on two adjacent barrier units; the plate surfaces of the first partition plate 8 and the second partition plate 9 are equal in size and same in shape, and under the action of external force: the adjacent split fault crushing zone partition plates 6 slide relatively along the occlusion groove 11-1, so that the partition plate units can be conveniently taken away one by one. The supporting part is a supporting strip 10, and two side surfaces of the supporting strip 10 are fixedly connected with the first partition plate 8 and the second partition plate 9 respectively. As can be seen from fig. 10, since geological layers on both sides of the fault fracture zone are different, in the course of the simulation modeling experiment, it is also necessary to separately lay simulation modeling layers in the lower wall simulation space and the upper wall simulation space of the fault fracture zone. The partition plate in the prior art is a whole plate, so that when a simulation layer is laid, similar simulation materials at an included angle are not favorably tamped when a fault breaking belt with a small inclination angle with the horizontal ground is brought; according to the invention, after the simulation layers in the lower disc analog simulation space and the upper disc analog simulation space are laid, the partition unit can be drawn out from bottom to top according to actual conditions, and the space formed after the partition unit is drawn out is filled with the fault fracture zone analog simulation material in time, so that the whole fault fracture zone can be filled step by step from bottom to top, and the deformation or collapse of the laid simulation layers after the whole plate is drawn out is avoided. As shown in fig. 11 and 12, the width of the engaging groove 11-1 in the direction perpendicular to the plate surface of the first partition plate 8 or the second partition plate 9 is equal to the thickness of the engaging member 11. The occlusion part 11 is attached to the wall of the occlusion groove 11-1, so that two adjacent partition plate units can be better connected and expanded along the fault fracture zone to form the fault fracture zone partition plate 6. As shown in fig. 12, 25 and 26, when a plurality of diaphragm units are used for splicing, it is necessary that adjacent end faces of the first diaphragms 8 of two adjacent diaphragm units are opposite and attached to each other, and adjacent end faces of the second diaphragms 9 of two adjacent diaphragm units are opposite and attached to each other, so that the plurality of first diaphragms 8 form a working face in contact with a fault in the simulation space similar to the lower disk, and the plurality of second diaphragms 9 form a working face in contact with a fault in the simulation space similar to the upper disk. As shown in fig. 26, the diaphragm units are obliquely placed in the similar simulation space according to the inclination angle of the fault fracture zone, and are gradually added as the laying progresses; as shown in fig. 25, the split type fault fracture zone diaphragm 6 is pressed in the simulation modeling space by the diaphragm pressing mechanism, and at this time, the simulation layers can be laid in the lower disc simulation modeling space and the upper disc simulation modeling space respectively. After the simulation layers in the lower disc similar simulation space and the upper disc similar simulation space are laid, the partition units can be drawn out one by one from bottom to top according to the actual situation, and when one partition unit is drawn out, the space formed after the partition units are drawn out is filled with the fault fracture zone similar simulation material in time, so that the whole fault fracture zone can be filled gradually; in order to reduce the resistance when the barrier unit is drawn out, vaseline may be applied to the working surface of the first barrier 8 in contact with the fault in the lower tray simulation space and the working surface of the second barrier 9 in contact with the fault in the upper tray simulation space.
The second structural form of the fault crushing zone partition plate 6 is as follows: in the process of an actual simulation experiment, it is found that the thickness of a fault fracture zone to be simulated is not fixed, so that the distance between the first partition plate 8 and the second partition plate 9 in a fixed transition zone partition plate, namely a single partition plate unit, is fixed and unchanged, the distance between the first partition plate 8 and the second partition plate 9 cannot be adjusted, and the partition plate unit needs to be manufactured again according to different geological conditions in the using process. For this purpose, the present embodiment adjusts the distance between the first partition 8 and the second partition 9 by means of an adjustable support member. As shown in fig. 13, the supporting member in this embodiment includes an independent supporting bolt 12 and an adjusting nut 13, the adjusting nut 13 is fixedly mounted on an inner plate surface of any one of the first partition plate 8 and the second partition plate 9, and a blind hole 13-1 is opened on an inner plate surface of the other one of the first partition plate 8 and the second partition plate 9; one end of the independent supporting bolt 12 is in threaded connection with the adjusting nut 13, and the other end of the independent supporting bolt 12 is located in the blind hole 13-1. The supporting part also comprises a supporting strip unit 14, and a through hole 14-1 is formed in the supporting strip unit 14; one end of the independent support bolt 12 is in threaded connection with the nut 13, and the other end of the independent support bolt 12 penetrates through the through hole 14-1 in the support strip unit 14 and extends into the blind hole 13-1. The thickness-adjustable partition plate is suitable for fault fracture zones with different thicknesses, namely, the distance between the first partition plate 8 and the second partition plate 9 is adjusted by screwing the independent supporting bolt 12 into the length of the adjusting nut 13.
The third structural form of the fault crushing zone partition plate 6 is as follows: the length of the independent support bolt 12 screwed into the adjusting nut 13 is limited due to the thickness of the first partition plate 8 and the second partition plate 9, so that the adjusting mode is applicable to a small range. As shown in fig. 14, the support member in this embodiment includes a combined support bolt, the combined support bolt is composed of a first support bolt 15 and a second support bolt 16 which are matched with each other, a first end of the first support bolt 15 has an external thread, a first end of the second support bolt 16 has an internal thread, the first end of the first support bolt 15 is connected with the first end of the second support bolt 16 by a thread, and the inner plate surfaces of the first partition plate 8 and the second partition plate 9 are respectively provided with a blind hole 13-1; the second end of the first supporting bolt 15 is located in the blind hole 13-1 on the inner plate surface of the first partition plate 8, and the second end of the second supporting bolt 16 is located in the blind hole 13-1 on the inner plate surface of the second partition plate 9. The second end of the first supporting bolt 15 penetrates through the through hole 14-1 of the supporting strip unit 14 and extends into the blind hole 13-1, and the second end of the second supporting bolt 16 penetrates through the through hole 14-1 of the supporting strip unit 14 and extends into the blind hole 13-1. The distance between the first partition plate 8 and the second partition plate 9 is adjusted by screwing the first support bolt 15 into the second support bolt 16, so that the device can be suitable for fault fracture zones with different thicknesses; since it is possible to screw the first support bolt 15 completely into the second support bolt 16, the distance between the first partition 8 and the second partition 9 can be varied within a relatively large range, so that this adjustment method is suitable for a relatively large range. And support bar units 14 are used in the second structural form and the third structural form, and the support bar units 14 assist bolts to support the first partition plate 8 and the second partition plate 9, so that the support strength of the first partition plate 8 and the second partition plate 9 is higher.
The fourth structural form of the fault crushing zone partition plate 6 is as follows: it can be known from embodiments 1 and 2 that the heights of each layer of the partition units are relatively fixed, that is, the lengths of the single partition units from bottom to top along the strike of the fault fracture zone are fixed, the heights of the simulation layers required to be laid in each different similar simulation test and the inclination angles of the fault fracture zone are not completely the same, and the inclination angles of the partition units are changed, so that the partition units and the side guard plates of the similar simulation space cannot be well matched by steel plates or channel steels (the lengths of the single partition units from bottom to top along the strike of the fault fracture zone are not the same); and the length of the fault fracture zone required to be laid in each different similar simulation test from bottom to top is not exactly equal to an integer of the partition units, so that inconvenience is brought to the compression of the partition units.
Therefore, the present invention provides a diaphragm unit in which the size of the working surface of the first diaphragm 8 in contact with the fault in the lower tray simulation space and the size of the working surface of the second diaphragm 9 in contact with the fault in the upper tray simulation space can be adjusted. As shown in fig. 19, each of the first partition 8 and the second partition 9 is formed by combining a female partition 17 and a male partition 18, as shown in fig. 15 to 17, a slot 19 is formed on the female partition 17, and as shown in fig. 18, the male partition 18 has a plugboard 20 adapted to the slot 19; the outer side wall of the slot 19, which is in contact with the fault, and the plugboard 20 extracted from the slot 19 form a working surface of the plugboard unit, which is in contact with the fault, so that the contact area of the single partition board unit and the fault can be adjusted and adjusted by adjusting the distance of the plugboard 20 entering or extracting the slot 19. As shown in fig. 15 to 17, in order to fix the socket 20 to the slot 19, fastening nuts 22 are respectively fixedly mounted on an outer side wall of the slot 19 contacting the fault and an inner side wall opposite to the outer side wall, or fastening nuts 22 are respectively fixedly mounted on two opposite side walls of the slot 19 adjacent to the adjacent partition unit; the fastening bolt 23 passes through the fastening nut 22 and abuts against the plate surface or the side elevation surface of the plug board 20, so that the female partition board 17 and the male partition board 18 are relatively fixed. The design of this embodiment can realize adjusting the area of contact of single baffle unit and fault, improves the universality of baffle unit, and to the analogue test of different situations, need not customize the baffle unit, one set of baffle unit can use in the analogue test of difference, reduces testing cost.
Five structural forms of the fault crushing zone partition plate 6: the method of adjusting the contact area of each diaphragm unit with the fault can also be realized by the following structure. The first partition plate 8 and the second partition plate 9 are each composed of a first L-shaped partition plate 24 and a second L-shaped partition plate 25, as shown in fig. 20 to 22: the first L-shaped separator 24 includes a separator base 241 and a separator thick work plate 242, as shown in fig. 23 to 24: the second L-shaped partition 25 includes a partition base 241 and a thin partition plate 251, a fastening nut 22 is fixedly mounted on an edge of the thin partition plate 251 or the thin partition plate 242 away from the partition base 241, an adjustment groove 21 penetrating the thin partition plate 251 or the thin partition plate 242 is formed in the thin partition plate 251 or the thin partition plate 242, and one end of a fastening bolt 23 passes through the adjustment groove 21 and is screwed with the fastening nut 22, so that the first L-shaped partition 24 and the second L-shaped partition 25 are relatively fixed. By adjusting the relative position between the first L-shaped barrier 24 and the second L-shaped barrier 25, the contact area of the barrier unit with the fault can be adjusted. The thickness of the outer side wall of the slot, which is in contact with the fault, is less than or equal to 5mm, and the thickness of the thin diaphragm working plate is less than or equal to 5mm, so that the diaphragm in the diaphragm unit has a certain pressure resistance to the simulated formation, the strength of the outer side wall of the slot 19, which is in contact with the fault, and the strength of the thin diaphragm working plate 251 need to be as high as possible, for example, stainless steel plates are used.
The structural form of the fault crushing zone partition plate 6 is six: this embodiment is a combination of one of the structural forms to five of the structural forms: the technical scheme that the thickness of the clapboard units is adjustable adopts the technical scheme provided in the first structural form and the second structural form, the length of the clapboard units from bottom to top along the trend of the fault fracture zone is adjustable and adopts the technical scheme provided in the fourth structural form and the fifth structural form, and the splicing between the adjacent clapboard units adopts the technical scheme in the first structural form; therefore, the thickness of the partition plate unit of the embodiment is adjustable, the length of the partition plate unit along the trend of the fault fracture zone from bottom to top is adjustable, the universality of the partition plate unit is greatly improved, and the partition plate unit can be used for various similar simulation tests. The specific technical scheme is as follows: as shown in fig. 27, the combination is performed by using the technical solutions of the second structural form and the fourth structural form, and the difference from the fourth structural form of the embodiment lies in the four adaptive changes of the structural form according to the technical solution of the second structural form: the adjusting nut 13 is embedded in the plugboard 20 of the male partition board 18 of the first partition board 8 and is flush with the board surface of the plugboard 20, and a through hole for allowing the independent supporting bolt 12 to pass through and be in threaded connection with the adjusting nut 13 is formed in the side wall of the slot 19 of the female partition board 17 of the first partition board 8; a blind hole 13-1 is formed in the plugboard 20 of the male partition board 18 of the second partition board 9, and a through hole for allowing the independent supporting bolt 12 to pass through and extend into the blind hole 13-1 is also formed in the side wall of the slot 19 of the female partition board 17 of the second partition board 9; in this way, the first partition plate 8 and the second partition plate 9 can be relatively fixed through the independent support bolt 12, and the relative distance between the first partition plate 8 and the second partition plate 9 can be adjusted. In order to adapt to the adjustment between the male partition plate 18 and the female partition plate 17, a through hole which is formed in the side wall of the slot 19 of the female partition plate 17 and is used for allowing the independent supporting bolt 12 to penetrate through and be in threaded connection with the adjusting nut 13 is a long hole along the adjustment direction of the male partition plate 18 and the female partition plate 17.
Seventh structural form of the fault-breaking belt partition 6: as shown in fig. 28, the second and fifth structural forms are combined by using the technical solutions of the second and fifth structural forms, respectively, and the difference from the fifth structural form lies in the five adaptive changes of the structural form according to the technical solution of the second structural form: the adjusting nut 13 is embedded in the thick partition plate 242 of the first L-shaped partition plate 24 of the first partition plate 8 and is flush with the plate surface of the thick partition plate 242; a blind hole 13-1 is formed in the partition plate thick working plate 242 of the first L-shaped partition plate 24 of the second partition plate 9; in this way, the first partition plate 8 and the second partition plate 9 can be relatively fixed through the independent support bolt 12, and the relative distance between the first partition plate 8 and the second partition plate 9 can be adjusted.
Eighth structural form of the fault-breaking belt barrier 6: as shown in fig. 29, the combination is performed by using the third and fourth technical solutions, and the difference from the fourth technical solution lies in the fourth adaptive modification of the structural formula according to the third technical solution: the first partition plate 8 and the plug plate 20 of the male partition plate 18 of the second partition plate 9 are respectively provided with a blind hole 13-1, the second end of the first support bolt 15 is positioned in the blind hole 13-1 of the plug plate 20 of the male partition plate 18 of the first partition plate 8, and the second end of the second support bolt 16 is positioned in the blind hole 13-1 of the plug plate 20 of the male partition plate 18 of the second partition plate 9. Namely: the second end of the first supporting bolt 15 penetrates through the through hole 14-1 of the supporting strip unit 14 and extends into the blind hole 13-1, and the second end of the second supporting bolt 16 penetrates through the through hole 14-1 of the supporting strip unit 14 and extends into the blind hole 13-1. Thus, the distance between the first partition plate 8 and the second partition plate 9 can be adjusted by the length of screwing the first support bolt 15 into the second support bolt 16. In order to adapt to the adjustment between the male partition plate 18 and the female partition plate 17, through holes are formed in the side walls of the slot 19 of the female partition plate 17, and the through holes are long holes along the adjustment direction of the male partition plate 18 and the female partition plate 17, and the second ends of the first supporting bolts 15 and the second ends of the second supporting bolts 16 penetrate through the through holes.
Nine structural forms of the fault-breaking belt partition 6: as shown in fig. 30, the third and fifth structural forms are combined respectively, and the difference from the fifth structural form lies in that five structural forms are adapted according to the third structural form: the first partition plate 8 and the partition plate thick working plate 242 of the first L-shaped partition plate 24 of the second partition plate 9 are respectively provided with a blind hole 13-1, the second end of the first support bolt 15 is located in the blind hole 13-1 of the partition plate thick working plate 242 of the first L-shaped partition plate 24 of the first partition plate 8, and the second end of the second support bolt 16 is located in the blind hole 13-1 of the partition plate thick working plate 242 of the first L-shaped partition plate 24 of the second partition plate 9. Namely: the second end of the first supporting bolt 15 penetrates through the through hole 14-1 of the supporting strip unit 14 and extends into the blind hole 13-1, and the second end of the second supporting bolt 16 penetrates through the through hole 14-1 of the supporting strip unit 14 and extends into the blind hole 13-1. Thus, the distance between the first partition plate 8 and the second partition plate 9 can be adjusted by the length of screwing the first support bolt 15 into the second support bolt 16.
The concrete during operation: according to the inclination angle and the thickness of a fault fracture zone, a partition unit is placed in the similar simulation space 7, the partition unit is gradually increased along with the laying progress of a similar simulation layer, a split fault fracture zone partition 6 is finally formed, the split fault fracture zone partition 6 divides the similar simulation space 7 into a lower disc similar simulation space and an upper disc similar simulation space, and the split fault fracture zone partition 6 is pressed and fixed by a partition pressing mechanism. After the similar simulation layer material of the previous layer is laid, the next group of the front split type side guard plate 5, the back split type side guard plate 5, the split type fault crushing belt partition plate 6 and the partition plate pressing mechanism are installed, and the similar simulation layers are laid layer by layer. In-process on the similar simulation layer is laid to the successive layer, in order to prevent that broken area baffle 6 of fault from rocking and causing the simulation layer to collapse, this embodiment is through baffle hold-down mechanism with broken area baffle 6 of fault compress tightly. And pressing panels 0-18 are placed at the tops of the fault fracture zone clapboards 6, one arm of each U-shaped pressing part 0-19 abuts against the inner wall of the groove wall 0-5 of the channel steel, and the pressing pieces 0-22 abut against the upper plate surfaces of the pressing panels 0-18 by rotating the pressing bolts 0-20, so that the fault fracture zone clapboards 6 are pressed.

Claims (11)

1. A confined aquifer fluid-solid coupling simulation experiment method comprises the following steps:
(A) making a similar simulation experiment device with a similar simulation space (7), wherein the longitudinal height of the similar simulation space (7) can be gradually increased or decreased according to the requirements of the similar simulation experiment;
(B) laying similar simulation overburden rock layers in a similar simulation space (7) from bottom to top, and embedding fault transition zone clapboards between two adjacent faults in the similar simulation of geological conditions with fault fracture zones, wherein the thickness of the fault transition zone clapboards is equal to that of a fault transition zone between the two faults, and the fault transition zone clapboards are laid along the trend of the fault transition zone from bottom to top;
(C) when the similar simulation overburden stratum is paved to the bottom of the position of the pressure-bearing water-bearing stratum set by the test, the pressure-bearing water-bearing stratum is manufactured;
(D) when the similar simulation overburden is laid to a preset sensor embedding position set by a test, embedding a corresponding sensor in the similar simulation overburden, and leading out a connecting line of the sensor to the outside of a similar simulation space (7);
(E) after the similar simulation overburden rock is laid, performing similar simulation on geological conditions with fault fracture zones, taking out fault transition zone clapboards piece by piece from one side of a similar simulation experiment device from bottom to top, and filling fault transition zone similar materials in a space left after taking out a fault transition zone clapboard every time when taking out the fault transition zone clapboard until all fault transition zone clapboards are taken out and fault transition zones are filled completely;
(F) supplying fluid to the water supply end of the water injection pipe (X-3) through fluid supply equipment (0-9) of the similar simulation experiment device, observing an experiment phenomenon and recording an experiment result;
the method is characterized in that in the process of laying the similar simulation overburden stratum, a confined aquifer is manufactured in the similar simulation overburden stratum, so that the confined aquifer is located at a position set by a test in the similar simulation overburden stratum; the confined aquifer comprises an inner layer water storage belt (0-17), an outer layer sealing belt (0-16) and a water injection pipe (X-3), wherein the inner layer water storage belt (0-17) is completely wrapped by the outer layer sealing belt (0-16), the inner layer water storage belt (0-17) contains water and allows water to freely pass through, the outer layer sealing belt (0-16) does not allow water to freely pass through, and the mechanical strength of the inner layer water storage belt (0-17) and the mechanical strength of the outer layer sealing belt (0-16) are the same or similar; the water outlet end of the water injection pipe (X-3) is positioned in the inner water storage belt (0-17), and the water supply end of the water injection pipe (X-3) penetrates through the outer sealing belt (0-16) and is led out of the similar simulation test device; a water outlet hole (X-4) is formed in the pipe wall of the water outlet end of the water injection pipe (X-3);
when the similar simulation overburden stratum is paved to the bottom of the position of the pressure-bearing aquifer set by the test, the following steps are adopted to manufacture the pressure-bearing aquifer:
(a) laying a lower sealing strip (X-5) of the outer sealing strips (0-16) on the similar simulation overlying strata of the test set area;
(b) placing a confined aquifer laying component (0-10) on the lower sealing strip (X-5), wherein the bottom and the top of the confined aquifer laying component (0-10) are both in an open structure, the periphery of the confined aquifer laying component (0-10) is closed, and a water injection pipe notch (0-15) for leading out a water supply end of the water injection pipe (X-3) is formed in the side wall of the confined aquifer laying component (0-10);
(c) similar simulated overlying strata are continuously paved around the confined aquifer paving components (0-10) until the similar simulated overlying strata are flush with the top end surfaces of the confined aquifer paving components (0-10);
(d) laying the inner layer water storage belt (0-17) in the confined aquifer laying component (0-10) through the opening at the top of the confined aquifer laying component (0-10) until the inner layer water storage belt (0-17) is flush with the top end surface of the confined aquifer laying component (0-10), and pre-placing the water supply end of the water injection pipe (X-3) in the inner layer water storage belt (0-17) in the laying process of the inner layer water storage belt (0-17);
(e) after the inner layer water storage belt (0-17) is laid, taking out the confined aquifer laying component (0-10), and laying a circumferential sealing belt (X-6) of the outer layer sealing belt (0-16) in a space formed after taking out the confined aquifer laying component (0-10);
(f) and after the circumferential sealing belt (X-6) is laid, laying a top sealing belt (X-7) of the outer sealing belt (0-16) above the circumferential sealing belt (X-6) and the inner water storage belt (0-17).
2. The fluid-solid coupling simulation experiment method of confined aquifer according to claim 1, wherein the water outlet end of the water injection pipe (X-3) is laid along the trend of the inner water storage belt (0-17) and is positioned in the middle of the inner water storage belt (0-17).
3. The fluid-solid coupling simulation modeling experiment method for confined aquifer according to claim 1, wherein the distance between adjacent water outlets (X-4) is equal, and in the direction from the water supply end of the water injection pipe (X-3) to the water outlet end of the water injection pipe (X-3): the diameter of the water outlet hole (X-4) formed in the pipe wall of the water outlet end of the water injection pipe (X-3) is gradually increased, so that the frictional resistance of water is eliminated, and the water can be uniformly injected into each part of the inner water storage belt (0-17).
4. The fluid-solid coupling simulation experiment method of a confined aquifer according to claim 1, wherein the inner water storage belt (0-17) is made of similar material containing water; the outer sealing belt (0-16) is made of water-proof similar materials.
5. The fluid-solid coupling simulation modeling experiment method of a confined aquifer according to claim 4, wherein the water-containing similar material comprises sand, calcium carbonate, gypsum and water; the water-resisting similar material comprises sand, calcium carbonate, gypsum, a water-resisting agent and water, wherein the water-resisting agent can be paraffin and/or vaseline, and can also be any one of neutral silicone weather-resistant adhesive, polyvinyl acetate emulsion and sbs adhesive.
6. The fluid-solid coupling simulation modeling experiment method of a confined aquifer according to claim 1, wherein in the step (a), the simulation modeling experiment apparatus comprises: the simulation test bed comprises a base (1), a left vertical frame (2), a right vertical frame (3), a cross beam (4) and split type side protection plates (5), wherein the left vertical frame (2) and the right vertical frame (3) are respectively installed on the left side and the right side of the base (1), two ends of the cross beam (4) are respectively installed at the upper ends of the left vertical frame (2) and the right vertical frame (3), two ends of each split type side protection plate (5) are respectively detachably connected with the left vertical frame (2) and the right vertical frame (3), and the split type side protection plates (5) in front, the split type side protection plates (5) behind, the left vertical frame (2), the right vertical frame (3) and the base (1) enclose a similar simulation space (7); the left vertical frame (2) and the right vertical frame (3) are respectively provided with a bolt (0-1), a nut (0-2), a gasket (0-3) and a pressing component (0-4); the split type side guard plate (5), the left vertical frame (2) and the right vertical frame (3) are made of channel steel, and notches of the split type side guard plate (5), the left vertical frame (2) and the right vertical frame (3) face outwards; on the left stand (2): one end of the bolt (0-1) sequentially penetrates through a through hole in a channel wall (0-5) of the left vertical frame (2), a through hole in the pressing part (0-4), the gasket (0-3) and the nut (0-2) and presses one end of a channel bottom (0-6) of the split side guard plate (5) between the pressing part (0-4) and the left vertical frame (2); on the right stand (3): one end of the bolt (0-1) sequentially penetrates through a through hole in a channel wall (0-5) of the right vertical frame (3), a through hole in the pressing part (0-4), the gasket (0-3) and the nut (0-2) and presses one end of a channel bottom (0-6) of the split type side guard plate (5) between the pressing part (0-4) and the right vertical frame (3); the groove walls (0-5) of the channel steel of the vertically adjacent split type side guard plates (5) are vertically opposite; a fluid conduction pipe (0-7) is fixedly installed on the groove bottom (0-6) of the channel steel of the left vertical frame (2) and/or the groove bottom (0-6) of the channel steel of the right vertical frame (3), one end of the fluid conduction pipe (0-7) is fixedly installed in the groove bottom (0-6) of the channel steel and is flush with the outer surface of the groove bottom (0-6) of the channel steel, and an external thread is arranged at the other end of the fluid conduction pipe (0-7); the pressing parts (0-4) are L-shaped angle steels, and through holes in the L-shaped angle steels are long holes (0-8); also comprises fluid supply equipment (0-9) and a confined aquifer laying member (0-10); the fluid outlets of said fluid supply devices (0-9) being in fluid communication with said simulation-like space (7), said confined aquifer laying member (0-10) being located within said simulation-like space (7); the pressure-bearing water-bearing layer laying component (0-10) comprises a left vertical plate (0-11), a right vertical plate (0-12), a front vertical plate (0-13) and a rear vertical plate (0-14), the left vertical plate (0-11) and the right vertical plate (0-12) are respectively and fixedly arranged between the front vertical plate (0-13) and the rear vertical plate (0-14), the left vertical plate (0-11) is positioned at the left end of the front vertical plate (0-13) and the rear vertical plate (0-14), the outer plate surface of the left vertical plate (0-11) is flush with the left end surfaces of the front vertical plate (0-13) and the rear vertical plate (0-14), the right vertical plate (0-12) is positioned at the right end of the front vertical plate (0-13) and the rear vertical plate (0-14), and the outer plate surface of the right vertical plate (0-12) is flush with the left end surfaces of the front vertical plate (0-13) and the rear vertical plate (0-14) The right end faces of the rear vertical plates (0-14) are parallel and level; the bottom parts of the left vertical plate (0-11), the right vertical plate (0-12), the front vertical plate (0-13) and the rear vertical plate (0-14) are outer sealing belts (0-16), an inner water storage belt (0-17) is arranged in a space enclosed by the left vertical plate (0-11), the right vertical plate (0-12), the front vertical plate (0-13) and the rear vertical plate (0-14), and the bottom edge of the left vertical plate (0-11) or the right vertical plate (0-12) is provided with a water injection pipe notch (0-15); after the removal of said confined aquifer laying member (0-10) from said analogue simulation space (7): the confined aquifer laying components (0-10) form a space filled with an outer sealing strip (0-16), and the outer sealing strip (0-16) is laid above the inner water storage strip (0-17).
7. The confined aquifer fluid-solid coupling simulation test method according to claim 6, wherein in the step (B), the method further comprises a partition pressing mechanism for pressing the fault fracture zone partition (6) in the simulation-like space, the partition pressing mechanism comprises a pressing panel (0-18), a U-shaped pressing part (0-19), a pressing sheet (0-22) and a pressing bolt (0-20), the lower plate of the pressing panel (0-18) is pressed on the top of the fault fracture zone partition (6), one arm of the U-shaped pressing part (0-19) is detachably connected with the split type side guard plate (5), one end of the pressing bolt (0-20) passes through the pressing nut (0-21) on the other arm of the U-shaped pressing part (0-19) and is in threaded connection with the pressing sheet (0-22), the compression bolts (0-20) are in threaded connection with the pressure applying nuts (0-21), and the compression bolts (0-20) are rotated to enable the compression pieces (0-22) to be abutted against the upper plate surfaces of the compression panels (0-18); the fault fracture zone partition (6) comprises a split fault fracture zone partition, the split fault fracture zone partition is positioned in a similar simulation space (7) and divides the similar simulation space (7) into a lower disc similar simulation space and an upper disc similar simulation space; the split fault crushing zone partition plate (6) is formed by splicing a plurality of partition plate units, each partition plate unit comprises a first partition plate (8), a second partition plate (9), an occlusion part (11) and a supporting part, the supporting part is positioned between the first partition plate (8) and the second partition plate (9) and keeps the distance between the first partition plate (8) and the second partition plate (9) constant, and two opposite side edges of the occlusion part (11) are respectively positioned in occlusion grooves (11-1) on two adjacent partition plate units; the plate surfaces of the first partition plate (8) and the second partition plate (9) are equal in size and same in shape; under the action of an external force: the adjacent split fault crushing zone partition plates (6) slide relatively along the occlusion groove (11-1);
the width of the occlusion groove (11-1) along the direction vertical to the plate surface of the first clapboard (8) or the plate surface of the second clapboard (9) is equal to the thickness of the occlusion part (11); the adjacent end surfaces of the first partition plates (8) of two adjacent partition plate units are opposite and mutually attached, and the adjacent end surfaces of the second partition plates (9) of two adjacent partition plate units are opposite and mutually attached;
the first partition plate (8) and the second partition plate (9) are formed by combining a female partition plate (17) and a male partition plate (18), a slot (19) is formed in the female partition plate (17), and the male partition plate (18) is provided with a plug board (20) matched with the slot (19); fastening nuts (22) are fixedly mounted on the outer side wall of the slot (19) in contact with the fault and the inner side wall opposite to the outer side wall respectively, or the fastening nuts (22) are fixedly mounted on two opposite side walls of the slot (19) adjacent to the adjacent partition board units respectively; a fastening bolt (23) penetrates through the fastening nut (22) and abuts against the plate surface or the side elevation of the plug board (20), so that the female partition board (17) and the male partition board (18) are relatively fixed; the outer side wall of the slot (19) in contact with the fault and the plugboard (20) extracted from the slot (19) form a working surface of the plugboard unit in contact with the fault; the thickness of the outer side wall of the slot (19) in contact with the fault is less than or equal to 5 mm;
or the first clapboard (8) and the second clapboard (9) are both composed of a first L-shaped clapboard (24) and a second L-shaped clapboard (25), the first L-shaped partition plate (24) comprises a partition plate base body (241) and a partition plate thick working plate (242), the second L-shaped partition (25) comprises a partition base body (241) and a partition thin working plate (251), a fastening nut (22) is fixedly arranged on the edge of the thin partition plate (251) or the thick partition plate (242) far away from the partition plate base body (241), an adjusting groove (21) penetrating through the thin diaphragm working plate (251) or the thick diaphragm working plate (242) is formed in the thin diaphragm working plate (251) or the thick diaphragm working plate (242), one end of a fastening bolt (23) penetrates through the adjusting groove (21) and is in threaded connection with the fastening nut (22), -making the first L-shaped baffle (24) and the second L-shaped baffle (25) relatively fixed; the thin working plate (251) of the separator has a thickness of less than or equal to 5 mm.
8. The fluid-solid coupling simulation test method for confined aquifer according to claim 7, wherein the support member is a support bar (10), and two side surfaces of the support bar (10) are fixedly connected with the first partition plate (8) and the second partition plate (9), respectively.
9. The confined aquifer fluid-solid coupling simulation experiment method according to claim 7, wherein the supporting component comprises an independent supporting bolt (12) and an adjusting nut (13), the adjusting nut (13) is fixedly installed on the inner plate surface of any one of the first partition plate (8) and the second partition plate (9) and the inner plate surface of the other one of the first partition plate (8) and the second partition plate (9) is provided with a blind hole (13-1); one end of the independent supporting bolt (12) is in threaded connection with the adjusting nut (13), and the other end of the independent supporting bolt (12) is located in the blind hole (13-1).
10. The fluid-solid coupling simulation experiment method for confined aquifers according to claim 7, wherein the supporting component comprises a combined supporting bolt, the combined supporting bolt consists of a first supporting bolt (15) and a second supporting bolt (16) which are matched with each other, the first end of the first supporting bolt (15) is provided with an external thread, the first end of the second supporting bolt (16) is provided with an internal thread, the first end of the first supporting bolt (15) is in threaded connection with the first end of the second supporting bolt (16), and the inner plate surfaces of the first partition plate (8) and the second partition plate (9) are respectively provided with a blind hole (13-1); the second end of the first supporting bolt (15) is located in a blind hole (13-1) in the inner plate surface of the first partition plate (8), and the second end of the second supporting bolt (16) is located in a blind hole (13-1) in the inner plate surface of the second partition plate (9).
11. The fluid-solid coupling simulation modeling experiment method of a confined aquifer according to claim 9, wherein the supporting member further comprises a supporting strip unit (14), and the supporting strip unit (14) is provided with a through hole (14-1); one end of the independent supporting bolt (12) is in threaded connection with the adjusting nut (13), and the other end of the independent supporting bolt (12) penetrates through a through hole (14-1) in the supporting strip unit (14) and extends into the blind hole (13-1).
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