CN108444833B - Test device for simulating formation of forward and reverse faults - Google Patents
Test device for simulating formation of forward and reverse faults Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0067—Fracture or rupture
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test device for simulating forward and reverse fault formation, which relates to the technical field of coal mine geology and comprises a test bench (1), an upper vertical loading device (2), a left loading device (3), a right loading device (4), a hydraulic oil bag (5), a pressure-bearing steel plate (6), a steel block (7) and an angle adjusting device (8). The invention designs an upper vertical loading device controlled by a hydraulic servo system and loading devices on the left side and the right side, realizes different horizontal force loading, simulates horizontal stress of different depths, and the U-shaped push plate actually plays a role in sealing similar simulated stratum materials in the horizontal direction, can independently or integrally apply load, can simulate the horizontal stress of a region with complex geological structure, realizes horizontal graded loading, is closer to a real effect, and realizes the formation process of simulating two faults of a normal fault and a reverse fault in one device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal mine geology, in particular to a test device for simulating forward and reverse fault formation.
Background
The fault cuts the stratum to destroy the continuity and integrity of the stratum, and forms a fault zone breaking zone, so that the stress, displacement and destruction form of surrounding rock mass are greatly different. When a fault, particularly a fault near a larger fault, is constructed, the response characteristics of a rock mass near the fault can be far different from that of a complete rock mass due to the superposition of engineering disturbance and the fault, so that engineering disasters, such as ore shock, water burst, roof fall, rock burst, coal and gas outburst and the like in mining engineering, are induced. Coal mining in China mainly uses underground construction, and most of coal mining is constructed underground, so that various faults can not be avoided. The influence on mining engineering is larger when faults are larger, and the faults are often avoided in mining engineering when the coal mine economic benefit is good, so that a large amount of coal resources are reserved nearby the larger faults. Under the background of the current national compression productivity and great adjustment of coal industry, coal enterprises are urgent to recover fault resources with excellent coal quality, and especially, old mining areas in China have to rely on recovering coal resources near the fault to maintain the social stability of the mining areas. And the exploitation of near-fault coal resources faces various major disaster risks, such as water burst, roof falling, rock burst, coal and gas outburst and the like. The root cause of these disasters is that mining activities destroy the balance state of rock formations near faults, and understanding the stress, deformation and destruction evolution rules of regional rock bodies under the interaction of faults and mining engineering is the basis for preventing and controlling related disasters.
The fault dislocation calculation model constructed through numerical simulation often has larger deviation from the true fault dislocation, and the model test can more truly and reliably reproduce the upper earth covering body cracking and expanding process under the fault dislocation effect. Therefore, the test device capable of simulating the fault formation process in a laboratory is researched, and has great significance for researching the fault on mining stress conduction action mechanism, the disaster-causing mechanism under the interaction of mining stress and faults, the safety exploitation of near-fault coal, disaster prevention and the like. At present, fault dislocation model tests are widely developed, but the test device still has the defects in technology and operation:
(1) The same equipment can only simulate the formation of one fault of a forward fault or a reverse fault;
(2) Most fault dislocation simulation tests are carried out in a heavy environment, so that fault dislocation activities at different depths cannot be accurately simulated;
(3) Cannot simulate the horizontal stress suffered by formations of different depths
(4) In the operation process of the test device, faults can only move along a single angle, and simulation of fault movement at multiple angles cannot be realized;
(5) The fault-induced stress variation and post-formation internal stress conditions are not considered.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the test device for simulating the formation of the forward fault and the reverse fault, which can realize the simulation test of the formation of the forward fault and the reverse fault in one test device, and has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation and real and accurate simulation effect.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the utility model provides a test device that simulation forward reverse fault formed, includes test bench, upper portion vertical loading device, left side loading device, right side loading device, hydraulic oil bag, pressure-bearing steel sheet, steel billet and angle adjustment device, the test bench comprises crossbeam, vertical post and base, the vertical post is fixed in the four corners of base, is fixed with the crossbeam between every two vertical posts and highly adjustable, forms highly adjustable cuboid structure support, upper portion vertical loading device is fixed to be set up in the crossbeam below, left side loading device and right side loading device are fixed respectively and are set up in the left side and the right side of test bench, both sides are fixed respectively and are set up transparent observation board around the test bench, left side loading device and right side loading device hydraulic cylinder piston rod end connect the U type push pedal respectively, hydraulic oil bag, angle adjustment device and steel billet are in the next-door neighbour in order and are set up on the base, the inclination of angle adjustment device is adjustable, pressure-bearing steel sheet sets up in hydraulic oil bag upper portion, forms the simulation fault in the space after the U type push pedal of left and the test bench, and the simulation fault is formed and is used for the simulated formation and is similar to the fault and is installed the fault and is used for the simulated and is formed the fault and is similar to the fault and is installed.
The angle adjusting device comprises a shaft, a smooth plate, a telescopic plate and an arc slide, wherein the smooth plate is connected between the front transparent observation plate and the rear transparent observation plate through the shaft, the telescopic plate is arranged at the lower part of the smooth plate, the arc slide is arranged below the telescopic plate in the base, a groove is formed in the arc slide, and the telescopic plate is connected in the groove in a clamping mode to adjust the angle.
The hydraulic oil bag, the upper vertical loading device, the left loading device and the right loading device are all controlled by a hydraulic servo control system.
The U-shaped push plates of the left loading device and the right loading device are in seamless butt joint, and are driven by the hydraulic loading cylinder to move singly or integrally.
The induction device is arranged as a steel bar with the length identical to the width of the steel block, and is fixedly arranged between the front transparent observation plate and the rear transparent observation plate.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) The upper vertical loading device controlled by the hydraulic servo system and the loading devices on the left side and the right side are designed, so that different horizontal force loading is realized, horizontal stress of different depths is simulated, the U-shaped push plate actually plays a role in sealing the simulated similar stratum material in the horizontal direction, the load can be independently or integrally applied, and especially, the horizontal stress of a region with a complicated geological structure can be simulated, the horizontal graded loading is realized, and the effect is more similar to the real effect;
2) The device has the advantages that the formation process of two faults, namely a positive fault and a reverse fault, is simulated in equipment, the upper vertical loading device can accurately simulate the positive fault formation under the normal gravity and supergravity environments, the angle adjusting device with ingenious structure is designed, the inclination angle of the positive fault is preset through the combination of the smooth plate expansion plate and the bottom arc-shaped slideway, the simulation of the positive fault formation with different inclination angles is realized, the inclination angle during the reverse fault formation is changed through changing the position and the shape of the inducing device, and the simulation of the reverse fault formation with different inclination angles is realized;
3) The device can truly reproduce the process of forming the reverse fault, the mutual extrusion action of two plates of the fault, displacement deformation and collapse process of the top and bottom plates in the mining process, and simulate the excavation of the coal bed after the formation of the forward and reverse fault, and has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation and true and accurate simulation effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the angle adjusting device;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a simulated normal fault;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a simulated reverse fault.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings and the specific embodiments:
as shown in figure 1, the test device for simulating forward and reverse fault formation comprises a test bench 1, an upper vertical loading device 2, a left loading device 3, a right loading device 4, a hydraulic oil bag 5, a pressure-bearing steel plate 6, a steel block 7 and an angle adjusting device 8, wherein the test bench 1 consists of a cross beam 11, vertical columns 12 and a base 13, the vertical columns 12 are fixed at four corners of the base 13, the cross beam 11 is fixed between every two vertical columns 12, the height is adjustable, a cuboid structure bracket with adjustable height is formed, the upper vertical loading device 2 is fixedly arranged below the cross beam 11, the left loading device 3 and the right loading device 4 are respectively fixedly arranged at the left side and the right side of the test bench 1, transparent observation plates 14 are fixedly arranged on the front side and the rear side of the test bench 1 respectively, the tail ends of hydraulic cylinder piston rods of the left side loading device 3 and the right side loading device 4 are respectively connected with a U-shaped push plate 31, the hydraulic oil bag 5, the angle adjusting device 8 and the steel block 7 are sequentially and closely arranged on the base 13, the inclination angle of the angle adjusting device 8 is adjustable, the pressure-bearing steel plate 6 is arranged on the upper part of the hydraulic oil bag 5, and the space formed by the U-shaped push plates 31 on the left side and the right side and the transparent observation plates 14 on the front side and the rear side of the test bench 1 is filled with simulated similar stratum materials, and when a simulated reverse fault formation test is performed, the induction device 9 for cracking and dislocation is arranged before the simulated similar stratum materials are filled.
In a preferred manner, in the present embodiment, the hydraulic oil bag 5, the upper vertical loading device 2, the left loading device 3 and the right loading device 4 are all controlled by a hydraulic servo control system.
In the preferred embodiment, the U-shaped push plates 31 of the left loading device 3 and the right loading device 4 are in seamless butt joint, and are driven by a hydraulic loading cylinder to move singly or integrally.
In the preferred embodiment, the inducing means 9 is formed by a steel bar having the same length as the width of the steel block 7, and is fixedly disposed between the front and rear transparent observing plates 14.
As shown in fig. 2, in the preferred embodiment, the angle adjusting device 8 is composed of a shaft 81, a smooth board 82, a telescopic board 83 and an arc-shaped slideway 84, the smooth board 82 is connected between the front transparent observation board 14 and the rear transparent observation board 14 through the shaft 81, the telescopic board 83 is arranged at the lower part of the smooth board 82, the arc-shaped slideway 84 is arranged in the base 13 and is positioned below the telescopic board 83, a groove is arranged on the arc-shaped slideway 84, and the telescopic board 83 is connected in the groove in a clamping manner to adjust the angle. The lower part of smooth plate 82 is drawn out, and both sides set up the bolt hole for fixed expansion plate 83, and during the use, at first with smooth plate 82 around the axle 81 rotation, rotate the settlement angle, in the recess of arc slide 84 is advanced to inside expansion plate 83 joint, reuse bolt fastening expansion plate 83 has realized the regulation of angle.
In this embodiment, the smooth plate 82 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, and the transparent observation plate 14 is made of transparent organic glass and is connected to the vertical column 12 by bolts. And (3) uniformly spreading mica powder between two layers of similar stratum materials in the laying process, and laying stress sensors on each layer.
As shown in fig. 3, when the simulation test of the positive fault formation is performed, the angle adjusting device 8 is used to preset the fault inclination angle, and the hydraulic cylinder at the lowest part of the left loading device 3 is slightly loaded to push the pressure-bearing steel plate 6 to be in contact with the smooth plate 82. After the simulated similar stratum material is paved, the upper vertical loading device 2 loads downwards, the oil pressure of the hydraulic oil bag 5 is reduced while loading, the pressure-bearing steel plate 6 slowly slides downwards along the smooth plate 82 along with the unloading of the hydraulic oil bag 5, and meanwhile, all hydraulic cylinders of the left loading device 3 move leftwards, so that the simulated similar stratum material is released leftwards and downwards, and a normal fault with a preset angle is formed.
As shown in fig. 4, when the reverse fault formation simulation test is performed, the oil pressure in the hydraulic oil bag 5 is controlled to a high level so that the hydraulic oil bag 5 can support the gravity of the upper pressure-bearing steel plate 6 and the simulated similar stratum material in the packing area. And placing an induction device 9 at the bottommost part of the material filling area, and horizontally loading in left and right directions after filling, so that the laid similar simulation material is cracked and dislocated at the induction device 9. The inclination angle at which the reverse fault is formed can be changed by changing the shape and position of the inducing means 9.
In summary, the invention can truly reproduce the formation process of the positive fault and the reverse fault, the mutual extrusion action of the two plates of the fault, displacement deformation and the damage collapse process of the top and bottom plates in the mining process, and can simulate the excavation of the coal bed after the positive fault and the reverse fault are formed. According to the invention, the left loading device 3 and the right loading device 4 can independently apply load, each hydraulic cylinder drives the U-shaped push plate 31 to extend to different degrees, different horizontal force loading can be realized, each horizontal stress can be applied according to the actual condition of the site, different deep horizontal stresses can be simulated, and especially the horizontal stress of a region with a complicated geological structure can be simulated, so that horizontal graded loading can be realized; the designed angle adjusting device 8 is simple in structure and ingenious in design, the smooth plate 82 and the telescopic plate 83 are combined, the telescopic plate 83 is clamped in the groove of the arc-shaped slide rail 84 below, the upper smooth plate 82 is fixed around the shaft, the telescopic plate 83 and the smooth plate 82 are fixed, the preset positive fault inclination angle is achieved, the effect is more real, the device is more suitable for the actual site, and correct theoretical guidance can be provided for exploitation of a coal seam on site.
It should be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, and that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but is intended to cover modifications, adaptations, additions and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a test device that simulation positive reverse fault formed, its characterized in that includes test bench (1), upper portion vertical loading device (2), left side loading device (3), right side loading device (4), hydraulic oil bag (5), pressure-bearing steel sheet (6), steel billet (7) and angle adjustment device (8), test bench (1) comprises crossbeam (11), vertical post (12) and base (13), vertical post (12) are fixed in the four corners of base (13), are fixed with crossbeam (11) and height-adjustable between every two vertical posts (12), form the cuboid structure support of height-adjustable, upper portion vertical loading device (2) are fixed to be set up in crossbeam (11) below, left side loading device (3) and right side loading device (4) are fixed respectively in left side and the right side of test bench (1), the front and back two sides of test bench (1) are fixed respectively and are set up transparent gauge board (14), left side loading device (3) and right side loading device (4) are connected in U type hydraulic pressure-bar (8) respectively in order, angle adjustment device (8) are connected in the hydraulic pressure cylinder (8), the device is characterized in that the pressure-bearing steel plate (6) is arranged on the upper portion of the hydraulic oil bag (5), the U-shaped push plates (31) at the left side and the right side and the transparent observation plates (14) at the front side and the rear side of the test bed (1) are filled with simulated similar stratum materials, when simulated reverse fault formation tests are carried out, the inducing device (9) used for cracking and dislocation is arranged before the simulated similar stratum materials are filled, the angle adjusting device (8) consists of a shaft (81), a smooth plate (82), a telescopic plate (83) and an arc-shaped slideway (84), the smooth plate (82) is connected between the front transparent observation plate (14) and the rear transparent observation plate (14) through the shaft (81), the telescopic plate (83) is arranged at the lower portion of the smooth plate (82), the arc-shaped slideway (84) is arranged below the telescopic plate (83) in the base (13), a groove is formed in the arc-shaped slideway (84), the telescopic plate (83) is clamped in the groove to adjust the angle, and the angle adjusting device (9) is arranged to be identical in length to the width of the steel block, and is fixedly arranged between the transparent observation plates (14).
2. Test device for simulating formation of a normal and reverse fault according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic oil bag (5), the upper vertical loading device (2), the left loading device (3) and the right loading device (4) are controlled by a hydraulic servo control system.
3. The test device for simulating forward and reverse fault formation according to claim 1, wherein the U-shaped push plates (31) of the left side loading device (3) and the right side loading device (4) are in seamless butt joint, and are driven by a hydraulic loading cylinder to move singly or integrally.
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| CN201810445467.5A CN108444833B (en) | 2018-05-11 | 2018-05-11 | Test device for simulating formation of forward and reverse faults |
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| CN207051126U (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2018-02-27 | 山东科技大学 | A kind of experimental rig for being used to simulate normal fault formation |
| CN207051286U (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2018-02-27 | 山东科技大学 | A kind of device tested lab simulation reversed fault and formed |
| CN107831295A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-03-23 | 山东科技大学 | The test method of fault activation catastrophe is adopted for simulating |
| CN208109600U (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2018-11-16 | 山东科技大学 | A kind of experimental rig for simulating forward and reverse fault development |
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