CN111596036A - Experimental simulation device and method for fault activation in coal seam mining - Google Patents
Experimental simulation device and method for fault activation in coal seam mining Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an experimental simulation device and method for fault activation in coal seam mining. The device comprises a simulation experiment box body, a high-pressure water injection and drainage device and a triaxial stress loading/unloading platform. The invention completes the activation process of the simulated fault in the simulation experiment box under the stress action by means of the triaxial stress loading/unloading platform. The simulation experiment box is internally provided with a simulation experiment box for reasonably laying the coal rock material, reasonably designing the space structure and implanting the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor, the stress sensor and the displacement sensor, the water pressure control is carried out on the independent water-filled capsules connected in parallel, the dynamic simulation of coal seam mining is completed, and the inversion fault structure is activated under the mining influence. According to the invention, through reasonable establishment of the experimental device and reasonable design of the experimental method, simulation of the occurrence and development processes of fault activation and local coal rock instability under the action of stress is realized. The experimental simulation device has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, convenience, practicability and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an experimental simulation device and method for fault activation in coal seam mining.
Background
Faults are typical geological structures and are important detection objects in coal mine geological disaster prevention and control. Coal seam mining process often encounters fault structure, and dynamic disasters such as coal and gas outburst, rock burst and the like induced by mining stress activated fault are frequently encountered in main coal producing countries in the world. Production-induced fault activation is a complex process of stress variation and energy transfer. Therefore, fault activation process simulation under the influence of mining is carried out, and then a corresponding experimental device and a corresponding method are provided, so that the device and the method have important theoretical reference values for guiding coal mine disaster prevention and control.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an experimental simulation device for fault activation in coal seam mining, which utilizes the action of high-pressure water force to simulate mining influence so as to realize fault activation process evolution under the mining action.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an experimental simulation device for fault activation in coal mining, comprising:
the device comprises a simulation experiment box body, a high-pressure water injection and drainage device and a triaxial stress loading/unloading platform;
the high-pressure water injection and drainage device comprises a water source, a communication valve, a drainage pool and a plurality of water filling capsules which are independently arranged in parallel;
the communication valve is provided with a common port and a plurality of branch ports;
a main water inlet pipeline is arranged between the water source and the common port of the communicating valve, and a high-pressure pump is arranged on the main water inlet pipeline;
the number of the branch ports of the communication valve is equal to that of the water filling capsules;
each branch port of the communication valve is respectively connected to a water injection/drainage port of a water filling capsule through a water inlet/outlet pipeline;
a water pressure monitor is arranged on each water inlet/outlet electronic pipeline;
a main drainage pipeline is arranged between the common port of the communicating valve and the drainage pool;
respectively installing a high-pressure valve on each water inlet/outlet sub pipeline and each water outlet main pipeline;
a simulated coal rock material, a fault structure and a water filling capsule are laid in the simulated experiment box body; wherein, each water filling capsule is laid in the coal bed of the simulated coal rock material;
a pressure head for loading three-dimensional stress is arranged on the side wall of the simulation experiment box body;
the simulation experiment box body is positioned on the triaxial stress loading/unloading platform, and three-dimensional stress is loaded to the simulation experiment box body through the pressure head.
Preferably, the water injection/discharge port is provided with a sealing joint, and the water inlet/outlet pipeline is connected to the sealing joint.
Preferably, a pipeline perforation is arranged at the bottom of the simulation experiment box body;
the water inlet/outlet pipeline extends outwards to the outer side of the box body through the pipeline perforation.
Preferably, the water-filled capsules are laid on the roof side of the coal seam, the middle of the coal seam or the floor side of the coal seam.
Preferably, a temperature sensor, a stress sensor and a displacement sensor are arranged in the simulation experiment box body.
Preferably, the number of water-filled capsules is 3-5.
Preferably, the water pressure monitor and the high pressure valve on the same inlet/outlet water pipeline are in the following position relation:
the water pressure monitor is positioned between the high pressure valve on the water inlet/outlet pipeline and the water injection/discharge port of the corresponding water filling capsule.
In addition, the invention also provides an experimental simulation method for fault activation in coal seam mining, which adopts the experimental simulation device for fault activation in coal seam mining and adopts the following technical scheme:
an experimental simulation method for fault activation in coal seam mining comprises the following steps:
I. laying a simulated coal rock material in a simulation experiment box body, laying a fault structure and a water filling capsule, and debugging a temperature sensor, a stress sensor and a displacement sensor in the simulation experiment box body;
II, placing the simulation experiment box body on a triaxial stress loading/unloading platform and keeping the simulation experiment box body stable;
starting three-dimensional stress uniform loading according to experiment needs, simultaneously injecting water into each water-filling capsule in parallel for pressurization, and keeping water pressure synchronous with minimum stress in the water injection pressurization process so as to ensure that a simulated coal bed does not collapse in the stress loading process;
stabilizing for a period of time after the stress condition required by the experiment is achieved;
v, according to the mining simulation requirement, selecting a designated water-filled capsule to drain water and relieve pressure, inducing the deformation and the damage of a top plate or a bottom plate, changing the space structure of a simulation stope, simulating the displacement of an upper plate or a lower plate of a fault, and activating the fault;
and VI, monitoring the stress, temperature and displacement changes in the simulated fault area and other spaces of the box body in the whole process.
Preferably, in step III, the specific process of water injection and pressurization is as follows:
III.1, opening high-pressure valves on the water inlet/outlet sub pipelines and keeping the high-pressure valves on the main drainage pipeline closed;
III.2, the high-pressure pump works and pumps water in a water source, the water reaches the communication valve through the main water inlet pipeline and then is injected into the corresponding water filling capsules through different water inlet/outlet sub-pipelines respectively;
in the water injection process, a water pressure monitor on each water inlet/outlet sub-pipeline monitors the water injection pressure change of the current pipeline in real time.
Preferably, in step IV, the process of draining and releasing pressure by the water filling capsule is as follows:
the high-pressure pump does not work, a high-pressure valve on a water inlet/outlet sub-pipeline connected with the water filling capsule to be released is opened, and the high-pressure valve on the water inlet/outlet sub-pipeline connected with the water filling capsule not to be released is kept in a closed state;
meanwhile, a high-pressure valve on the main drainage pipeline is opened, water in the water filling capsule to be depressurized reaches the communication valve through the corresponding water inlet/outlet sub-pipeline, and is further discharged into the drainage pool through the main drainage pipeline;
in the drainage process, the water pressure monitor on the corresponding water inlet/outlet sub-pipeline monitors the drainage pressure change of the current pipeline in real time.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention adopts an independent parallel capsule continuous unloading technology, namely, an independent capsule is adopted, and water injection supply or drainage pressure relief is adopted through an independent water pressure pipeline to realize synchronous and non-uniform loading or unloading and induce the displacement of a top plate or a bottom plate;
2. the invention can realize continuous and stable control of water pressure injection and pressure relief, and adopts different discharge speeds to control the displacement of the top plate or the bottom plate by means of independent water pressure pipelines according to experimental requirements, thereby realizing the control of fault activation, finally realizing the control of internal energy and determining the starting energy for simulating fault activation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a simulation experiment box in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a high-pressure water injection and drainage device in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the water-filled capsule in the simulation experiment box in embodiment 1 of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of an experimental simulation method for fault activation in coal seam mining in example 2 of the present invention.
Wherein, 1-pressure head, 2-simulated coal rock material, 3-high pressure valve, 4-water source, 5-communicating valve, 6-drainage pool, 7-water filling capsule, 8-water inlet main pipeline, 9-high pressure pump, 10-water inlet/outlet sub pipeline;
11-a main drainage pipeline, 12-a sealing joint, 13-a high-pressure valve and 14-a water pressure monitor.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and detailed description:
example 1
This example 1 describes an experimental simulation device for fault activation in coal mining. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the device comprises a simulation experiment box body, a high-pressure water injection and drainage device and a triaxial stress loading/unloading platform (not shown).
Wherein, the activation process of the simulated fault under the stress action is completed in the simulated experiment box body.
According to the difference of disaster types, whether the simulation experiment box is closed or not and whether simulation gas is filled in the simulation experiment box or not can be selected.
If the simulation experiment box is used for simulating the activation fault to induce the coal and gas outburst, gas can be selected to participate; if stress leading type disasters such as roof collapse, rock burst and the like are simulated, gas can not be considered to participate in the experiment.
As shown in figure 1, a pressure head 1 is arranged on the side wall of the simulation experiment box body and is used for loading three-way stress. The simulated coal rock material 2 is filled in the simulated experiment box body, and the material can be paved in layers according to requirements, and the simulated fault parameters are arranged.
The high-pressure water injection and drainage device is used for simulating the fault influenced by mining in a high-pressure water injection and drainage pressure relief mode.
As shown in fig. 2, the high-pressure water injection and drainage device comprises a water source 4, a communication valve 5, a drainage pool 6 and a plurality of independent water filling capsules 7 arranged in parallel. Among them, the number of the water-filled capsules 7 in the present embodiment 1 is preferably 3 to 5.
The independent parallel arrangement means that the water-filled capsules are independent and do not influence each other.
The purpose of arranging a plurality of water filling capsules 7 which are independently arranged in parallel is to select the water filling capsules 7 at the appointed positions to drain water and release pressure according to the mining simulation requirement so as to achieve the purpose of simulating the influence of mining on faults.
The communication valve 5 is provided with one common port and a plurality of branch ports.
Wherein, be equipped with into water main line 8 between the water source 4 and the common port of intercommunication valve 5, the effect of into water main line 8 lies in filling each water capsule 6 with water respectively, is equipped with high-pressure pump 9 on into water main line 8.
The number of branch ports of the communication valve 5 is equal to the number of water-filled capsules 7.
Each branch port is correspondingly connected with a water filling capsule 7, and taking one branch port as an example:
the branch port of the communication valve is connected to the water filling/discharging port A of the corresponding water filling capsule 7 through a water inlet/outlet sub-pipe 10.
Here, the inlet/outlet sub-pipe 10 has both the functions of water inlet and water discharge. When water enters, the water flows from the communicating valve 5 to the water filling capsule 7; during water discharge, water flows from the water-filled bladder toward the communication valve 5.
In a similar way, the water injection/drainage port A has the functions of water injection and drainage, and is convenient for injecting water into the water filling capsule 7 or draining water out of the capsule.
A sealing joint 12 is arranged at each water injection/drainage port A, and the water inlet/outlet sub-pipeline 10 is connected to the sealing joint 12. The sealing joint 12 can ensure good sealing performance of the water filling capsule 7 and avoid water leakage of the water filling capsule 7.
A main drain line 11 is provided between the common port of the communication valve 5 and the drain pool 6. The main drainage pipeline 11 is used for facilitating the water in the water filling capsule 7 to be drained into the drainage pool 6 through the inlet/outlet sub-pipeline 10 and the main drainage pipeline 11 in sequence.
In addition, in order to realize the control of each pipeline, a high-pressure valve is arranged on the corresponding pipeline.
Specifically, a high pressure valve, such as the high pressure valve 3, is provided in each of the inlet/outlet water pipes 10. The high pressure valve 3 can control whether to fill a certain water-filled capsule 7 with water or whether to discharge water from a certain water-filled capsule 7.
A water pressure monitor, such as a water pressure monitor 14, is provided on each inlet/outlet sub-pipe 10.
One of the inlet/outlet water sub-pipelines 10 is taken as an example for explanation: the hydraulic pressure monitor 14 of this embodiment 1 is located between the high pressure valve 3 and the corresponding water inlet/outlet port a (i.e. the sealing joint 12) on the same inlet/outlet sub-pipe 10.
A high-pressure valve 13 is installed in the main drain line 11, and the high-pressure valve 13 is opened only when the water is drained.
Through the high-pressure water injection and drainage device, the control of high-pressure water injection and drainage pressure relief of each water filling capsule 7 is facilitated.
In addition, a pipe perforation (not shown) is provided at the bottom of the simulation experiment tank, the above respective water inlet/outlet sub-pipes 10 are outwardly extended to the outside of the simulation experiment tank via the pipe perforation, and the high-pressure valve 3 and the communication valve 5 are located at the outside of the tank.
As shown in fig. 3, in the simulation experiment box, in addition to the simulated coal rock material and the fault structure, water-filled capsules 7 are arranged. Each water-filled capsule 7 can be laid in the coal bed of the simulated coal rock material according to the mining simulation requirement.
As shown in fig. 3, each water-filled capsule 7 is arranged, for example, on the floor side of the coal seam in the simulated coal-rock material 2. When one water filling capsule 7 discharges water and releases pressure, deformation and damage of the coal seam roof can be induced.
Of course, each water-filled capsule 7 may be disposed on the roof side (not shown) of the coal seam in the simulated coal rock material 2, and deformation damage of the floor of the coal seam may be induced when one of the water-filled capsules 7 is drained and depressurized.
Of course, each water-filled capsule 7 can also be laid in the middle of the coal seam according to the mining simulation requirements, and is not described again.
During experiment simulation, the simulation experiment box body is positioned on the triaxial stress loading/unloading platform, and the triaxial stress loading/unloading platform applies three-dimensional stress to the simulation experiment box body through the pressure head 1, so that the corresponding stress state is achieved in the simulation experiment box body.
In addition, a temperature sensor, a stress sensor, a displacement sensor, and the like are provided in the simulation experiment box.
The number and the arrangement mode of the sensors are selected by combining the arrangement of the fault structure, as shown in fig. 3, so as to meet the requirements of monitoring the stress, the temperature and the displacement change of the local coal rock layer under the action of simulated ground stress and mining stress.
The device in this example 1 enables the spatial range of the simulated stope to be freely selected by using independent water-filled capsules.
The characteristic of continuous supply/unloading of water pressure in the water filling capsule is utilized, local stress unloading is facilitated through micro water quantity adjustment, then lateral stress of a simulated fault is controlled, and fault activation instability is effectively induced; the internal energy transfer of the outburst inoculation is excited by means of internal air pressure difference communication, and the relevant experimental simulation of coal and gas outburst, rock burst and the like is served.
The experimental simulation apparatus in this example 1 is capable of simulating a fault activation process affected by mining under stress. In addition, the experiment simulation device also has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, convenience, practicability and the like.
Example 2
This example 2 describes an experimental simulation method for fault activation in coal mining. The method is realized based on the experimental simulation device for fault activation in coal seam mining in the embodiment 1.
As shown in fig. 4, an experimental simulation method for fault activation in coal seam mining includes the following steps:
I. laying a simulation coal rock material in a simulation experiment box body, laying a fault structure and a water filling capsule, and debugging a temperature sensor, a stress sensor and a displacement sensor in the simulation experiment box body.
And II, placing the simulation experiment box body on a triaxial stress loading/unloading platform and keeping the simulation experiment box body stable.
And III, starting three-direction stress uniform-speed loading according to experimental needs, simultaneously injecting water into each water filling capsule 7 for pressurization in parallel, and keeping the water pressure synchronous with the minimum stress in the water injection pressurization process so as to ensure that the simulated coal bed does not collapse in the stress loading process.
Here, the minimum stress may be determined from a stress-time curve during three-way stress loading. In the three-way stress loading path, the minimum stress is in a linear increasing state, and the water injection pressure and the minimum stress are kept synchronous in the water injection pressurizing process.
Wherein, the concrete process of water injection pressurization is as follows:
III.1, opening the high-pressure valve 3 on each water inlet/outlet sub-pipeline 10, and keeping the high-pressure valve 13 on the main drainage pipeline closed;
III.2, the high-pressure pump 9 works and pumps water in the water source 8, the water reaches the communication valve 5 through the main water inlet pipeline and then is injected into the corresponding water filling capsules 7 through different sub water inlet/outlet pipelines 10.
In the water injection process, the water pressure monitor 14 on each water inlet/outlet sub-pipeline monitors the water injection pressure change of the current pipeline in real time.
And IV, stabilizing for a period of time (for example, 2 hours) after the internal stress of the simulated experiment box reaches the stress condition required by the experiment.
V, according to the mining simulation requirement, selecting a specified water filling capsule 7 for draining and releasing pressure, inducing the deformation and the damage of a top plate or a bottom plate, and changing the space structure of a simulation stope.
Because the stress balance in the horizontal direction or the vertical direction is broken, the upper disc or the lower disc of the simulated fault generates displacement, and the fault is activated.
Taking one of the water-filled capsules 7 as an example, the process of draining and releasing pressure of the water-filled capsule 7 is as follows:
the high-pressure pump 9 does not work, the high-pressure valve 3 on the water inlet/outlet sub-pipeline connected with the water filling capsule 7 to be pressure-relieved is opened, and the high-pressure valves 3 on the other water inlet/outlet sub-pipelines (connected with the water filling capsule without pressure relief) keep a closed state;
simultaneously, a high-pressure valve 13 on the main drainage pipeline 11 is opened; the water in the water-filled capsule 7 to be depressurized reaches the communication valve 5 via the respective inlet/outlet sub-line 10 and is further discharged into the drainage basin 6 via the main drainage line 11. During the drainage process, the water pressure monitor 14 on the corresponding inlet/outlet sub-pipeline 10 monitors the current drainage pressure change of the pipeline in real time.
And VI, monitoring the stress, temperature and displacement changes in the simulated fault area and other spaces of the box body in the whole process.
In the embodiment of the invention, the three-axis stress loading/unloading platform is used for completing the activation process of the simulated fault in the simulation experiment box under the stress action. By simulating the reasonable laying of coal and rock materials, the reasonable design of a space structure (namely, the design of geometric parameters of faults, the positions and the number of measuring points, the number of water filling capsules and the position relation are determined according to the coal bed relation) and the implantation of temperature, pressure, stress and displacement sensors in a simulation experiment box, the water pressure control is carried out on the independent and parallel water filling capsules 7, the dynamic simulation of coal bed mining is completed, and the inversion fault structure is activated under the mining influence. According to the invention, through reasonable establishment of the experimental device and reasonable design of the experimental method, simulation of the occurrence and development processes of fault activation and local coal rock instability under the action of stress is realized.
It should be understood, however, that the description herein of specific embodiments is not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An experimental simulation device for fault activation in coal seam mining, which is characterized in that,
the device comprises a simulation experiment box body, a high-pressure water injection and drainage device and a triaxial stress loading/unloading platform;
the high-pressure water injection and drainage device comprises a water source, a communication valve, a drainage pool and a plurality of water filling capsules which are independently arranged in parallel;
the communication valve is provided with a common port and a plurality of branch ports;
a main water inlet pipeline is arranged between the water source and the common port of the communicating valve, and a high-pressure pump is arranged on the main water inlet pipeline;
the number of the branch ports of the communication valve is equal to that of the water filling capsules;
each branch port of the communication valve is respectively connected to a water injection/drainage port of a water filling capsule through a water inlet/outlet pipeline;
a water pressure monitor is arranged on each water inlet/outlet electronic pipeline;
a main drainage pipeline is arranged between the common port of the communicating valve and the drainage pool;
respectively installing a high-pressure valve on each water inlet/outlet sub pipeline and each water outlet main pipeline;
a simulated coal rock material is laid in the simulation experiment box body, and a fault structure and each water-filled capsule are laid; wherein each water filling capsule is laid in the coal bed of the simulated coal and rock material;
a pressure head for loading three-dimensional stress is arranged on the side wall of the simulation experiment box body;
the simulation experiment box body is positioned on the triaxial stress loading/unloading platform, and three-dimensional stress is loaded to the simulation experiment box body through the pressure head.
2. The experimental simulation device for fault activation in coal seam mining according to claim 1,
and a sealing joint is arranged at the water injection/drainage port, and a water inlet/outlet pipeline is connected to the sealing joint.
3. The experimental simulation device for fault activation in coal seam mining according to claim 1,
the bottom of the simulation experiment box body is provided with a pipeline perforation, and the water inlet/outlet pipeline extends out of the box body through the pipeline perforation.
4. The experimental simulation device for fault activation in coal seam mining according to claim 1,
the water filling capsules are laid on the side of the top plate of the coal seam, the middle of the coal seam or the side of the bottom plate of the coal seam.
5. The experimental simulation device for fault activation in coal seam mining according to claim 1,
and a temperature sensor, a stress sensor and a displacement sensor are arranged in the simulation experiment box body.
6. The experimental simulation device for fault activation in coal seam mining according to claim 1,
the number of the water-filling capsules is 3-5.
7. The experimental simulation device for fault activation in coal seam mining according to claim 1,
the water pressure monitor and the high pressure valve on the same water inlet/outlet electronic pipeline have the following position relations:
the water pressure monitor is positioned between the high pressure valve on the water inlet/outlet pipeline and the water injection/discharge port of the corresponding water filling capsule.
8. An experimental simulation method for fault activation in coal seam mining, which is characterized in that the experimental simulation device for fault activation in coal seam mining is based on any one of claims 1 to 7; the method comprises the following steps:
I. laying a simulated coal rock material in a simulation experiment box body, laying a fault structure and a water filling capsule, and completing the installation and debugging of a temperature sensor, a stress sensor and a displacement sensor in the simulation experiment box body;
II, placing the simulation experiment box body on a triaxial stress loading/unloading platform and keeping the simulation experiment box body stable;
starting three-dimensional stress uniform loading according to experiment needs, simultaneously injecting water into each water-filling capsule in parallel for pressurization, and keeping water pressure synchronous with minimum stress in the water injection pressurization process so as to ensure that a simulated coal bed does not collapse in the stress loading process;
stabilizing for a period of time after the stress condition required by the experiment is achieved;
v, according to the mining simulation requirement, selecting a designated water-filled capsule to drain water and relieve pressure, inducing the deformation and the damage of a top plate or a bottom plate, changing the space structure of a simulation stope, simulating the displacement of an upper plate or a lower plate of a fault, and activating the fault;
and VI, monitoring the stress, temperature and displacement changes in the simulated fault area and other spaces of the box body in the whole process.
9. The experimental simulation method for fault activation in coal seam mining according to claim 8,
in the step III, the specific process of water injection and pressurization is as follows:
III.1, opening high-pressure valves on the water inlet/outlet sub pipelines and keeping the high-pressure valves on the main drainage pipeline closed;
III.2, the high-pressure pump works and pumps water in a water source, the water reaches the communication valve through the main water inlet pipeline and then is injected into the corresponding water filling capsules through different water inlet/outlet sub-pipelines respectively;
in the water injection process, a water pressure monitor on each water inlet/outlet sub-pipeline monitors the water injection pressure change of the current pipeline in real time.
10. The experimental simulation method for fault activation in coal seam mining according to claim 8,
in the step IV, the process of draining and releasing pressure of the water filling capsule is as follows:
the high-pressure pump does not work, a high-pressure valve on a water inlet/outlet sub-pipeline connected with the water filling capsule to be released is opened, and the high-pressure valve on the water inlet/outlet sub-pipeline connected with the water filling capsule not to be released is kept in a closed state;
meanwhile, a high-pressure valve on the main drainage pipeline is opened, water in the water filling capsule to be depressurized reaches the communication valve through the corresponding water inlet/outlet sub-pipeline, and is further discharged into the drainage pool through the main drainage pipeline;
in the drainage process, the water pressure monitor on the corresponding water inlet/outlet sub-pipeline monitors the drainage pressure change of the current pipeline in real time.
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