CN111678794B - Hydraulic support external loading experimental device and experimental method - Google Patents
Hydraulic support external loading experimental device and experimental method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 217
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004484 Briquette Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005094 computer simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0617—Electrical or magnetic indicating, recording or sensing means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
Abstract
The invention discloses a hydraulic support external loading experimental device and an experimental method, wherein the main structure of the experimental device comprises the following components: the main body bearing frame, the coal body cutting thrust device, the coal body supporting box, the hydraulic support supporting box, the transition supporting box, the goaf supporting box, the coal body simulation piece, the roof simulation piece, horizontal thrust cylinder, vertical lift cylinder, wherein, the main body bearing frame is arranged in to coal body cutting thrust device, can simulate different working face mining height through flexible vertical lift cylinder, can simulate the coal mining process of working face through shrink horizontal thrust cylinder, through adjusting the transition supporting box, the height of goaf supporting box, can realize the simulation of the different filling effects in goaf, utilize the coal body simulation piece, the built-in stress strain transducer of roof simulation piece can be applyed in the hydraulic support top to the mining in-process country rock, the place ahead, the stress of below, the strain is monitored, effectively solved current laboratory bench and be difficult to carry out the simulation monitoring to hydraulic support external load problem.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an experimental device and an experimental method for a hydraulic support for a coal mine, in particular to an experimental device and an experimental method capable of simulating and monitoring external loads borne by the hydraulic support in a surrounding rock fracture instability process.
Background
The hydraulic support is a main supporting device for supporting a top plate, a protective coal wall and isolating caving gangue in a goaf of a fully mechanized mining face, the main structure and the stress state of the hydraulic support directly influence the stability of the hydraulic support and the control effect of the hydraulic support on surrounding rocks, and the simulation test on the stress state of the hydraulic support is a basis for performing hydraulic support structure optimization design and intelligent self-adaptive control on the surrounding rocks.
At present, experimental devices for testing the stress state and the mechanical property of a hydraulic support can be divided into two types, one type is a simple hydraulic support model test piece, the hydraulic support model test piece is placed in a traditional mine pressure analog simulation test bed, and the stress state of the hydraulic support is monitored, the hydraulic support model test piece is generally simpler, only has a simple hydraulic system, and can not realize the simulation of the coupling process of the hydraulic support and surrounding rock, the analog simulation mainly analyzes the fracture structure of the surrounding rock, the research on the real stress state of the hydraulic support in the fracture instability process of the surrounding rock is difficult to realize, and the experimental result is greatly different from the real stress state of the underground hydraulic support of a coal mine; the other type of the hydraulic support mechanical property test experimental device can be divided into two types, one type is an internal loading test bed, the hydraulic support is arranged in the test bed, cushion blocks are arranged at different positions of the hydraulic support, and the hydraulic support applies active supporting acting force to the test bed to test the mechanical property of the hydraulic support; the other type is an external loading test bed, different loading points are arranged on the test bed, acting force is applied to the hydraulic support by the test bed, and therefore the stress states of different structural positions of the hydraulic support are monitored.
As for the hydraulic support experiment device, students at home and abroad have conducted extensive and intensive research, and a patent with the application number 201620030151.6 discloses an experiment device for a full-size hydraulic support in a mine analog simulation experiment, which belongs to the first kind of experiment table, wherein the hydraulic support is a simple model support, and is pulled and moved by using an external small winch, and the experiment table is difficult to simulate the real stress state of the hydraulic support; the patent with the application number of 201810737881.3 discloses a hydraulic support test device, which belongs to the second type of internal loading test bed, namely acting force is actively applied to the test bed through a hydraulic support, and simulation of different loads borne by the hydraulic support is realized by applying different cushion blocks; the patent with the application number of 201810291206.2 discloses a coal face similarity simulation test bed suitable for different frame type hydraulic supports, and the experimental device belongs to the second type of external loading test bed, namely different loads are applied to the hydraulic supports by designing different external oil cylinders, but the test bed is difficult to apply complex acting force to the hydraulic supports, and the difference between the complex acting force and the real fracture process of surrounding rocks is larger; the patent with the application number of 201910794898.7 discloses a hydraulic support top and bottom plate specific pressure measuring device, and external acting force is applied to a hydraulic support by designing different external loading oil cylinders in a test bed; the patent with the application number of 201610371809.4 discloses a hydraulic support rigidity and rock strength destruction relation experiment table under a dynamic load, belongs to an external loading experiment table, mainly simulates dynamic load impact, only can apply fixed impact load to the device, and certain difference exists between simulation experiment conditions and a coal mine underground site.
In summary, the existing hydraulic support experiment table is difficult to simulate the load applied to the hydraulic support in the coal mine underground surrounding rock fracture process and the stress state of the hydraulic support, and no better experimental device and method exist at home and abroad aiming at the problem, and development and research are urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of load applied to a hydraulic support and a mechanical state simulation test of the hydraulic support in the process of fracture and instability of surrounding rock under a coal mine, the invention provides an external loading experiment device and an experiment method of the hydraulic support, which can realize dynamic simulation and monitoring of the load of the hydraulic support in the process of fracture and instability of the surrounding rock and solve the problem that the external load of the hydraulic support is difficult to simulate and monitor by the existing experiment table, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
the invention provides a hydraulic support external loading experimental device, which comprises: the device comprises a main body bearing frame, a coal body cutting and pushing device, a coal body supporting box body, a hydraulic support supporting box body, a transition supporting box body, a goaf supporting box body, a coal body simulation block, a top plate simulation block, a horizontal pushing oil cylinder and a vertical lifting oil cylinder;
the coal body cutting and pushing device is arranged on a base of the main body bearing frame;
the coal body supporting box body is connected with the coal body cutting and pushing device through a coal body supporting box inserting strip and limits horizontal movement, the coal body supporting box body and the coal body cutting and pushing device are respectively connected with two ends of a vertical lifting oil cylinder, and the height of the coal body supporting box body is adjusted through the telescopic action of the vertical lifting oil cylinder;
the hydraulic support box body is connected with the coal body support box body through a support box insert strip and limits the horizontal movement of the hydraulic support box body, the coal body support box body and the coal body cutting and pushing device;
the transition support box body is connected with the hydraulic support box body by using a transition box insert and limits the horizontal movement of the transition support box body, the hydraulic support box body and the coal body cutting and pushing device;
the goaf supporting box body is connected with the transition supporting box body through the goaf supporting box inserted bar, horizontal movement of the goaf supporting box body, the transition supporting box body and the coal body cutting pushing device is limited, the goaf supporting box body is connected with the main body bearing frame through the horizontal pushing oil cylinder, and horizontal movement of the main body bearing frame, the coal body cutting pushing device, the coal body supporting box body, the hydraulic support supporting box body, the transition supporting box body and the goaf supporting box body can be achieved through the telescopic action of the horizontal pushing oil cylinder.
Furthermore, the main bearing frame comprises a left side supporting plate, a right side supporting plate, a base, a grid-shaped top beam, a base rolling wheel, a rolling wheel supporting rib plate, a pushing oil cylinder hinged lug plate, a pushing oil cylinder supporting plate, a sealing plate limiting block, a sealing plate clamping groove and a top beam cover plate;
the left supporting plate and the right supporting plate are respectively fixedly connected with the base and the lattice top beam;
the rolling wheel support rib plate is fixed on the base;
the hinged lug plate of the pushing oil cylinder is fixed on the left supporting plate;
the pushing oil cylinder supporting plate is fixed on the base.
Furthermore, the coal body cutting and pushing device comprises a lateral pushing support plate, a pushing bottom support plate, a pushing device sliding rail, a box body limiting beam, a box body limiting clamping groove and a vertical oil cylinder hinged lug plate;
the lateral pushing support plate is fixedly connected with the pushing bottom support plate, and the horizontal width of the lateral pushing support plate is smaller than that of the left support plate and the right support plate;
the box body limiting beam is fixed on the pushing bottom supporting plate.
Furthermore, the coal body supporting box body comprises a coal body supporting box shell, a coal body supporting box inserting strip, a coal body supporting box inserting groove and a coal body supporting box hinged lug plate;
the coal body supporting box inserting strip is connected with the box body limiting clamping groove to limit the movement of the coal body supporting box body in the horizontal direction;
the coal body supporting box is characterized in that the hinged lug plate of the coal body supporting box is connected with one end of the vertical lifting oil cylinder, the other end of the vertical lifting oil cylinder is connected with the hinged lug plate of the vertical oil cylinder, and the coal body supporting box is driven to move up and down in the vertical direction through the telescopic action of the vertical lifting oil cylinder so as to adjust the relative height difference between the coal body supporting box and the hydraulic support supporting box.
Furthermore, the hydraulic support box body comprises a support box shell, support box inserting strips, support box inserting grooves and support box limiting grooves;
the support box inserted bar is connected with the coal body support box slot.
Still further, the transition support box body comprises a transition box shell, transition box inserts, transition box slots and transition box limiting grooves;
the upper surface of the transition box shell is an inclined surface, and the height of the inclined surface on the insertion strip side of the transition box is lower than that of the insertion groove side of the transition box;
the transition box inserting strip is connected with the bracket supporting box slot.
Furthermore, the goaf supporting box body comprises a goaf supporting shell, a goaf supporting box insert, a goaf supporting box limiting groove and a goaf supporting box hinge lug plate;
the goaf supporting box inserting strip is connected with the transition box slot;
the goaf support shell is provided with goaf support box hinge lug plates on two sides, the goaf support box hinge lug plates are connected with one end of a horizontal pushing oil cylinder, and the other end of the horizontal pushing oil cylinder is connected with a pushing oil cylinder hinge lug plate;
still further, the coal body simulation block comprises a coal block body, a coal block electromagnetic inductor and a coal block stress strain inductor.
Still further, the top plate simulation block comprises a top plate block body, a left electromagnetic inductor, a right electromagnetic inductor and a top plate stress strain inductor.
A method and a process for carrying out loading and unloading experiments on a hydraulic support in a coal seam mining process by adopting the hydraulic support external loading experiment device comprise the following steps:
s001, placing the coal body cutting pushing device in a main body bearing frame, and placing a sliding rail of the pushing device on a base rolling wheel;
s002, placing the coal body supporting box insert of the coal body supporting box body in the box body limiting clamping groove, and simultaneously connecting two ends of the vertical lifting oil cylinder with the vertical oil cylinder hinging lug plate and the coal body supporting box hinging lug plate respectively;
s003, placing support box inserting strips in the coal body support box slots, and adjusting the telescopic length of the vertical lifting oil cylinder according to the simulated coal bed mining height to ensure that the height difference between the upper surfaces of the coal body support box body and the hydraulic support box body is equal to the mining height of the simulated working face;
s004, arranging the transition box cuttings of the transition support box body in the bracket support box slots, arranging the goaf support box cuttings of the goaf support box body in the transition box slots, and arranging the bracket support box limiting grooves, the transition box limiting grooves and the goaf support box limiting grooves on the box body limiting beams;
s005, connecting two ends of a horizontal pushing oil cylinder with a pushing oil cylinder hinged lug plate and a goaf supporting box hinged lug plate respectively, and performing telescopic operation through the horizontal pushing oil cylinder to align a lateral pushing supporting plate with a left supporting plate;
s006, selecting coal body simulation blocks with proper sizes, sequentially placing the coal body simulation blocks on a coal body supporting box body, a hydraulic support supporting box body and a transition supporting box body, and placing a hydraulic support test piece on the coal body simulation blocks on the hydraulic support supporting box body;
s007, selecting proper roof simulation blocks according to the thickness of the rock stratum above the coal bed and the mechanical parameters of the rock, and placing the roof simulation blocks above the coal body simulation blocks in sequence;
s008, selecting a proper top plate simulation block to be placed in the lattice top beam, placing a top beam cover plate on the lattice top beam, and fixing the top beam cover plate by using bolts;
s009, retracting the horizontal pushing oil cylinder to enable the coal body cutting and pushing device, the coal body supporting box body, the hydraulic support supporting box body, the transition supporting box body and the goaf supporting box body to integrally move leftwards;
s010, performing frame descending operation on the hydraulic support, and pulling the hydraulic support to move forwards by utilizing the electromagnetic force generated by the coal block electromagnetic inductor of the coal body simulation block in front of the hydraulic support and the magnetic force generated by the magnet in front of the base of the hydraulic support;
s011, in the experiment process, monitoring the stress and strain of a coal block stress-strain sensor in a coal body simulation block and a top plate stress-strain sensor in a top plate simulation block, so as to obtain the stress and strain changes above, in front of and below the hydraulic support;
and S012, repeating S009-S011 to obtain the changes of the stress and the strain of the hydraulic support at different stages of top plate fracture and collapse in the whole working face mining process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a main body of an external loading experimental device for a hydraulic support according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a main structure of an external loading experiment device for a hydraulic support according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a main body carrying frame structure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a cap plate configuration;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a coal cutting and pushing device;
FIG. 6 is a front view of the coal cutting and pushing device;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a coal supporting box;
FIG. 8 isbase:Sub>A schematic sectional view ofbase:Sub>A coal supporting box A-A;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a hydraulic support box;
FIG. 10 is a side view of a hydraulic support box structure;
FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of a transition support box;
FIG. 12 is a front view of a transitional support box;
FIG. 13 is a schematic structural view of a gob support box;
FIG. 14 is a top plan view of the gob support box;
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of a connecting structure of a coal cutting and pushing device, a coal supporting box, a hydraulic support supporting box, a transition supporting box and a goaf supporting box;
FIG. 16 is a schematic view of the connection structure of the main body carrying frame with the coal body cutting and pushing device, the coal body supporting box, the hydraulic support supporting box, the transition supporting box and the goaf supporting box;
FIG. 17 is a front view of a connection structure of a main body bearing frame and a coal body cutting and pushing device, a coal body supporting box body, a hydraulic support supporting box body, a transition supporting box body and a goaf supporting box body;
FIG. 18 is a side view of a connecting structure of a main body bearing frame and a coal cutting and pushing device, a coal supporting box body, a hydraulic support supporting box body, a transition supporting box body and a goaf supporting box body;
FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of a coal briquette simulation block structure;
FIG. 20 is a schematic view of a hydraulic mount structure;
FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of a top plate simulator block structure;
FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of the horizontal thrust cylinder retracted during the test;
FIG. 23 is a rear elevational view of the horizontal thrust cylinder during the shrinkage test;
fig. 24 shows an experimental method and an experimental flow for external loading of a hydraulic bracket.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or assembly referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The embodiment provides a hydraulic support external loading experimental apparatus, as shown in fig. 1 to 2, mainly including: the device comprises a main body bearing frame 1, a coal body cutting and pushing device 2, a coal body supporting box 3, a hydraulic support supporting box 4, a transition supporting box 5, a goaf supporting box 6, a coal body simulation block 7, a top plate simulation block 8, a horizontal pushing oil cylinder 9 and a vertical lifting oil cylinder 10;
the coal cutting and pushing device 2 is arranged on a base of the main body bearing frame 1;
the coal body supporting box body 3 is connected with the coal body cutting and pushing device 2 through a coal body supporting box inserting strip and limits horizontal movement, the coal body supporting box body and the coal body cutting and pushing device are respectively connected with two ends of a vertical lifting oil cylinder 10, and the height of the coal body supporting box body 3 is adjusted through the telescopic action of the vertical lifting oil cylinder 10;
the hydraulic support box body 4 is connected with the coal body support box body 3 through a support box insert strip and limits the horizontal movement of the hydraulic support box body 4, the coal body support box body 3 and the coal body cutting and pushing device 2;
the transition support box body 5 is connected with the hydraulic support box body 4 by using a transition box insert, and limits the horizontal movement of the transition support box body 5, the hydraulic support box body 4 and the coal cutting and pushing device 2;
the goaf supporting box body 6 is connected with the transition supporting box body 5 through a goaf supporting box inserted bar, horizontal movement of the goaf supporting box body 6, the transition supporting box body 5 and the coal body cutting pushing device 2 is limited, the goaf supporting box body is connected with the main body bearing frame 1 through the horizontal pushing oil cylinder 9, and horizontal movement of the main body bearing frame 1, the coal body cutting pushing device 2, the coal body supporting box body 3, the hydraulic support supporting box body 4, the transition supporting box body 5 and the goaf supporting box body 6 can be achieved through the telescopic action of the horizontal pushing oil cylinder 9, and the goaf supporting box body 1, the coal body cutting pushing device 2, the coal body supporting box body 3, the hydraulic support supporting box body 4, the transition supporting box body 5 and the goaf supporting box body 6 are shown in a figure 1 and a figure 2.
In one embodiment, the main body bearing frame 1 includes a left side support plate 11, a right side support plate 12, a base 13, a lattice top beam 14, a base rolling wheel 15, a rolling wheel support rib plate 16, a pushing cylinder hinge lug plate 17, a pushing cylinder support plate 18, a closing plate limit block 19, a closing plate slot 110, and a top beam cover plate 111, as shown in fig. 3 and 4;
specifically, the left support plate 11 and the right support plate 12 are respectively and fixedly connected with the base 13 and the lattice top beam 14; the rolling wheel support rib plate 16 is fixed on the base 13, so that the rolling wheel 15 of the base can be fixed, and the rolling wheel support rib plate can also be used as a longitudinal rib plate of the base 13, and the strength and the rigidity of the base 13 are improved; a pushing oil cylinder hinging lug plate 17 is fixed on the left supporting plate 11, a pushing oil cylinder supporting plate 18 is fixed on the base 13, the pushing oil cylinder hinging lug plate 17 is used for hinging the horizontal pushing oil cylinder 9 with the main body bearing frame 1, and meanwhile, the pushing oil cylinder supporting plate 18 is used for supporting the horizontal pushing oil cylinder 9 to limit the pushing direction of the horizontal pushing oil cylinder 9; two closing plate clamping grooves 110 are respectively arranged on the left supporting plate 11 and the right supporting plate 12, the horizontal distance between the two closing plate clamping grooves 110 on each supporting plate is the same as the width of the lattice top beam 14, organic glass can be generally used as the closing plates and respectively inserted into the closing plate clamping grooves 110 of the left supporting plate 11 and the right supporting plate 12, and the closing plates are limited by the closing plate limiting blocks 19; header cover plate 111 may be bolted to gridiron header 14.
The coal body cutting and pushing device 2 comprises a lateral pushing support plate 21, a pushing bottom support plate 22, a pushing device slide rail 23, a box body limiting beam 24, a box body limiting clamping groove 25 and a vertical oil cylinder hinged lug plate 26, as shown in fig. 5 and 6;
specifically, the lateral pushing support plate 21 and the pushing bottom support plate 22 are fixedly connected, the horizontal width of the lateral pushing support plate 21 is smaller than the horizontal width of the left support plate 11 and the right support plate 12, the coal body cutting and pushing device 2 is provided with at least two pushing device slide rails 23, and the horizontal spacing distance of the pushing device slide rails 23 is equal to the horizontal spacing distance of the base rolling wheels 15, so that the pushing device slide rails 23 can move on the base rolling wheels 15; a box body limiting clamping groove 25 is formed in the middle of the lateral pushing support plate 21, so that the cutting pushing device 2 and the coal body support box body 3 are limited to move horizontally, namely when the coal body cutting pushing device 2 moves in the horizontal direction, the coal body support box body 3 can be driven to move together; the box body limiting beam 24 is fixed on the pushing bottom supporting plate 22; in addition, the sliding rails 23 of the pushing device and the box body limiting beams 24 can also be used as longitudinal rib plates for pushing the bottom supporting plate 22, so that the strength and the rigidity of pushing the bottom supporting plate 22 are improved.
The coal body supporting box body 3 comprises a coal body supporting box shell 31, a coal body supporting box inserting strip 32, a coal body supporting box inserting groove 33 and a coal body supporting box hinging lug plate 34, as shown in figures 7 and 8;
specifically, the coal body supporting box shell 31 is used for supporting the coal body simulation block 7, the coal body supporting box inserting strip 32 is connected with the box limiting clamping groove 25, the movement of the coal body supporting box 3 in the horizontal direction is limited, the coal body supporting box hinging lug plate 34 is connected with one end of the vertical lifting oil cylinder 10, the other end of the vertical lifting oil cylinder 10 is connected with the vertical oil cylinder hinging lug plate 26, the coal body supporting box 3 is driven to vertically move in the vertical direction through the telescopic action of the vertical lifting oil cylinder 10, the relative height difference between the coal body supporting box 3 and the hydraulic support supporting box 4 is adjusted, and therefore different working face coal layer mining heights are simulated.
The hydraulic support box body 4 comprises a support box shell 41, a support box insert 42, a support box slot 43 and a support box limiting slot 44, as shown in fig. 9 and 10;
specifically, the support supporting box shell 41 is used for supporting the cut coal body simulation block 7, a hydraulic support is arranged above the cut coal body simulation block 7, the support supporting box inserting strips 42 are connected with the coal body supporting box inserting grooves 33 and used for limiting the relative movement between the hydraulic support supporting box body 4 and the coal body supporting box body 3, the support supporting box limiting grooves 44 are arranged below the hydraulic support supporting box body 4, and the movement of the front and back directions of the hydraulic support supporting box body 4 and the coal body cutting pushing device 2 is limited through the box body limiting beams 24 fixed on the pushing bottom supporting plate 22.
The transition support box body 5 comprises a transition box shell 51, transition box inserts 52, transition box slots 53 and transition box limiting slots 54, as shown in fig. 11 and 12;
specifically, the upper surface of the transition box shell 51 is an inclined surface, the height of the inclined surface on the side of the transition box insert 52 is lower than that on the side of the transition box slot 53, the inclined surface is mainly used for simulating certain filling of a goaf by a falling roof rock stratum after the coal layer of a working face is mined, and in addition, filling mining can be simulated by adjusting the inclined angle of the inclined surface; the inclination angle and the length of the inclined plane are mainly related to the mining height of the working face and the caving height of the direct top plate after collapse, if the mining height of the working face is larger and the caving height of the direct top plate is smaller, the inclination angle of the inclined plane is smaller, otherwise, the inclination angle of the inclined plane is larger; the transition box insert 52 is connected with the bracket support box slot 43 and used for limiting the relative movement between the transition support box body 5 and the hydraulic bracket support box body 4; a transition box limiting groove 54 is arranged below the transition supporting box body 5, and the transition supporting box body 5 and the coal body cutting and pushing device 2 are limited to move forwards and backwards through a box body limiting beam 24 fixed on the pushing bottom supporting plate 22.
The gob supporting box body 6 comprises a gob supporting shell 61, a gob supporting box insert 62, a gob supporting box limiting groove 63 and a gob supporting box hinge lug plate 64, as shown in fig. 13 and 14;
specifically, the goaf supporting shell 61 is used for supporting the gangue falling from the goaf, a goaf supporting box insert 62 is connected with the transition box slot 53 and is used for limiting the relative movement between the goaf supporting box 6 and the transition supporting box 5, a goaf supporting box limiting groove 63 is arranged below the goaf supporting box 6, the front-back movement of the goaf supporting box 6 and the coal body cutting pushing device 2 is limited by a box limiting beam 24 fixed on the pushing bottom support plate 22, goaf supporting box hinged ear plates 64 are arranged on two sides of the goaf supporting shell 61, the goaf supporting box hinged ear plates 64 are hinged with one end of a horizontal pushing cylinder 9, the other end of the horizontal pushing cylinder 9 is hinged with a pushing cylinder hinged ear plate 17, and through the telescopic action of the horizontal pushing cylinder 9, the main body bearing frame 1 is connected with the coal body cutting pushing device 2, the coal body supporting box 3, the hydraulic support supporting box 4, the transition supporting box 5 and the goaf supporting box 6 through the pushing device 2, the coal body supporting box 3, the hydraulic support box 4 and the goaf supporting box 15; the connection relationship between the main body bearing frame 1 and the coal body cutting and pushing device 2, the coal body supporting box body 3, the hydraulic support supporting box body 4, the transition supporting box body 5 and the goaf supporting box body 6 is shown in figures 16-18.
The coal body simulation block 7 comprises a coal block body 71, a coal block electromagnetic inductor 72 and a coal block stress strain inductor 73, which are shown in figure 19;
specifically, the thickness of the coal body simulation block 7 is the thickness of a coal layer cut by a simulation coal mining machine each time, a hydraulic support test piece with a certain proportion is manufactured according to the actual engineering, a magnet is installed in front of a hydraulic support base, as shown in fig. 20, in a simulation test, the coal body electromagnetic inductor 72 of the coal body simulation block 7 is downward in side direction, that is, the coal body electromagnetic inductor 72 is in contact with the coal body support box 3 and is sequentially placed on the coal body support box 3, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the coal body electromagnetic inductor 72 can generate magnetic force after being powered on, and when the hydraulic support is lowered, the hydraulic support can be controlled to move forward through the magnetic force to simulate the process of pulling the hydraulic support on a downhole working face; the coal block stress-strain sensor 73 can monitor the stress and strain in the coal body in front of the working face.
The top plate simulation block 8 comprises a top plate block 81, a left electromagnetic inductor 82, a right electromagnetic inductor 83 and a top plate stress strain inductor 84, as shown in fig. 21;
specifically, the roof block 81 is used for simulating a roof rock stratum above a coal seam, the left electromagnetic inductor 82 and the right electromagnetic inductor 83 can generate mutually attracted electromagnetic forces, different roof simulation blocks 8 can be sequentially placed in the main body bearing frame 1 by adjusting the current magnitude, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the left electromagnetic inductor 82 of each roof simulation block 8 and the right electromagnetic inductor 83 of the adjacent roof simulation block 8 generate mutually attracted electromagnetic forces, and the magnitude of the electromagnetic induced stress is adjusted according to the joint mechanical parameters of the rock stratum, so as to simulate different rock stratum joint mechanical parameters; the top plate stress-strain sensor 84 is used to detect the stress and strain inside the top plate simulation block 8.
The method and the process for carrying out the loading and unloading experiment of the hydraulic support in the coal seam mining process by using the hydraulic support external loading experiment device are shown in FIGS. 22 to 24, and mainly comprise the following steps:
s001, placing the coal cutting and pushing device 2 in the main body bearing frame 1, and placing a sliding rail 23 of the pushing device on a base rolling wheel 15;
s002, placing the coal body supporting box insert 32 of the coal body supporting box body 3 in the box body limiting clamping groove 25, and simultaneously connecting two ends of the vertical lifting oil cylinder 10 with the vertical oil cylinder hinged lug plate 26 and the coal body supporting box hinged lug plate 34 respectively;
s003, placing the support box inserting strips 42 in the coal body support box slots 33, and adjusting the telescopic length of the vertical lifting oil cylinder 10 according to the mining height of the simulated coal bed to ensure that the height difference between the upper surfaces of the coal body support box body 3 and the hydraulic support box body 4 is equal to the mining height of the simulated working face;
s004, arranging the transition box insert 52 of the transition support box body 5 in the bracket support box slot 43, arranging the goaf support box insert 62 of the goaf support box body 6 in the transition box slot 53, simultaneously arranging the bracket support box limiting groove 44, the transition box limiting groove 54 and the goaf support box limiting groove 63 on the box body limiting beam 24,
s005, connecting two ends of the horizontal pushing cylinder 9 with the pushing cylinder hinge lug 17 and the goaf supporting box hinge lug 64, respectively, and performing a telescopic operation by the horizontal pushing cylinder 9 to align the lateral pushing supporting plate 21 with the left supporting plate 11, as shown in fig. 16 and 17;
s006, selecting a coal body simulation block 7 with a proper size, sequentially placing the coal body simulation block 7 on the coal body supporting box body 3, the hydraulic support supporting box body 4 and the transition supporting box body 5, and placing a hydraulic support test piece on the coal body simulation block 7 on the hydraulic support supporting box body 4, wherein the figure is shown in FIG. 2;
s007, selecting proper roof simulation blocks 8 according to the thickness of the rock stratum above the coal bed and the mechanical parameters of the rock, and placing the roof simulation blocks above the coal body simulation blocks 7 in sequence as shown in a figure 2;
specifically, the left electromagnetic inductor 82 of each top plate simulation block 8 and the right electromagnetic inductor 83 of the adjacent top plate simulation block 8 generate mutually attractive electromagnetic forces;
s008, selecting a proper top plate simulation block 8 to be placed in the lattice top beam 14, placing the top beam cover plate 111 on the lattice top beam 14, and fixing the top beam cover plate by using bolts;
specifically, two top plate simulation blocks 8 are vertically stacked in each grid of the grid top beam 14, and the left electromagnetic inductor 82 and the right electromagnetic inductor 83 of the two stacked top plate simulation blocks 8 are overlapped in the vertical direction, that is, the two top plate simulation blocks 8 can generate mutually repulsive acting force, and after the top beam cover plate 111 and the grid top beam 14 are fixed, the mutually repulsive acting force generated by the two top plate simulation blocks 8 can simulate the vertical acting force of an overlying rock stratum on a lower rock stratum, a coal body and a hydraulic support; when the side face needs to be sealed in part of experiments, organic glass can be used as a sealing plate and is respectively inserted into the sealing plate clamping grooves 110 of the left supporting plate 11 and the right supporting plate 12, and the sealing plate is limited by the sealing plate limiting block 19 to form a sealed experiment space;
s009, the horizontal pushing oil cylinder 9 is contracted to enable the coal cutting and pushing device 2, the coal supporting box 3, the hydraulic support supporting box 4, the transition supporting box 5 and the goaf supporting box 6 to integrally move leftwards as shown in the figures 22 and 23;
specifically, due to the blocking effect of the left supporting plate 11, the coal body simulation block 7 cannot move in the horizontal direction, and when the contraction distance of the horizontal pushing cylinder 9 reaches the cutting length for one time, the coal body simulation block 7 in front of the support falls off to simulate the coal mining machine to cut a coal seam for one time;
s010, carrying out a lowering operation on the hydraulic support, and pulling the hydraulic support to move forwards by utilizing the electromagnetic force generated by the coal briquette electromagnetic inductor 72 of the coal body simulation block 7 in front of the hydraulic support and the magnetic force generated by the magnet in front of the base of the hydraulic support;
specifically, the size of the electromagnetic force generated by the coal block electromagnetic inductor 72 can be adjusted according to the weight, the friction force and the like of the hydraulic support, so that the hydraulic support is pulled and moved;
s011, in the experiment process, monitoring the stress and strain of the coal block stress-strain sensor 73 in the coal body simulation block 7 and the stress-strain sensor 84 in the top plate simulation block 8 so as to obtain the stress and strain changes above the hydraulic support, in front of the hydraulic support and below the base;
and S012, repeating S009-S011 to obtain the stress and strain changes of the hydraulic support at different stages of top plate fracture and collapse in the whole working face mining process.
The foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles and preferred embodiments of the invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several other modifications can be made on the basis of the principle of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be regarded.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a hydraulic support external loading experimental apparatus which characterized in that includes: the device comprises a main body bearing frame, a coal body cutting and pushing device, a coal body supporting box body, a hydraulic support supporting box body, a transition supporting box body, a goaf supporting box body, a coal body simulation block, a top plate simulation block, a horizontal pushing oil cylinder and a vertical lifting oil cylinder;
the main body bearing frame comprises a left side supporting plate, a right side supporting plate, a base, a grid-shaped top beam, a base rolling wheel, a rolling wheel supporting rib plate, a pushing oil cylinder hinged lug plate, a pushing oil cylinder supporting plate, a sealing plate limiting block, a sealing plate clamping groove and a top beam cover plate; the left supporting plate and the right supporting plate are respectively fixedly connected with the base and the lattice top beam; the rolling wheel support rib plate is fixed on the base; the hinged lug plate of the pushing oil cylinder is fixed on the left supporting plate; the pushing oil cylinder supporting plate is fixed on the base;
the coal body cutting and pushing device is arranged on a base of the main body bearing frame and is connected with the base in a sliding manner;
the coal body cutting pushing device comprises a lateral pushing support plate, a pushing bottom support plate, a pushing device sliding rail, a box body limiting beam, a box body limiting clamping groove and a vertical oil cylinder hinged lug plate;
the lateral pushing support plate is fixedly connected to one end, close to the left support plate, of the pushing bottom support plate, and the horizontal width of the lateral pushing support plate is smaller than that of the left support plate and the right support plate; the box body limiting beam is fixed on the pushing bottom supporting plate;
the coal body supporting box body, the hydraulic support supporting box body, the transition supporting box body and the goaf supporting box body are sequentially arranged on the pushing bottom supporting plate;
the middle part of the lateral pushing support plate is provided with a box body limiting clamping groove; the coal body supporting box body comprises a coal body supporting box shell, a coal body supporting box insert strip, a coal body supporting box slot and a coal body supporting box hinged lug plate, and is connected with the box body limiting clamp groove through the coal body supporting box insert strip;
the coal body supporting box hinged lug plate is connected with one end of a vertical lifting oil cylinder, the other end of the vertical lifting oil cylinder is connected with the vertical oil cylinder hinged lug plate, and the coal body supporting box body is driven to move up and down in the vertical direction through the telescopic action of the vertical lifting oil cylinder, so that the relative height difference between the coal body supporting box body and the hydraulic support supporting box body is adjusted;
the hydraulic support box body comprises a support box shell, support box inserting strips, support box inserting grooves and support box limiting grooves; the inserting strips of the support box are connected with the slots of the coal body support box;
the transition support box body comprises a transition box shell, transition box inserts, transition box slots and transition box limiting slots, and is connected with the support box slots through the transition box inserts; the upper surface of the transition box shell is an inclined surface, and the height of the inclined surface on the insertion strip side of the transition box is lower than that of the insertion groove side of the transition box;
the goaf supporting box body comprises a goaf supporting shell, a goaf supporting box insert, a goaf supporting box limiting groove and a goaf supporting box hinge lug plate, and is connected with the transition box slot through the goaf supporting box insert;
the goaf support shell is provided with goaf support box hinge lug plates on two sides, the goaf support box hinge lug plates are connected with one end of a horizontal pushing oil cylinder, and the other end of the horizontal pushing oil cylinder is connected with a pushing oil cylinder hinge lug plate;
by utilizing the telescopic action of the horizontal pushing oil cylinder, the main bearing frame can horizontally move relative to the coal body cutting pushing device, the coal body supporting box body, the hydraulic support supporting box body, the transition supporting box body and the goaf supporting box body;
when the horizontal pushing oil cylinder is contracted, the coal cutting and pushing device, the coal supporting box body, the hydraulic support supporting box body, the transition supporting box body and the goaf supporting box body integrally pass through the left supporting plate to move leftwards; due to the blocking effect of the left supporting plate, the coal body simulation block cannot move in the horizontal direction.
2. The hydraulic support external loading experimental device as recited in claim 1, wherein the coal body simulation block comprises a coal block body, a coal block electromagnetic inductor and a coal block stress strain inductor.
3. The hydraulic support external loading experiment device according to claim 1, wherein the top plate simulation block comprises a top plate block body, a left electromagnetic inductor, a right electromagnetic inductor and a top plate stress strain inductor.
4. A method for carrying out loading and unloading experiments on a hydraulic support in a coal seam mining process by adopting the hydraulic support external loading experiment device as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s001, placing the coal body cutting pushing device in the main body bearing frame, and placing a sliding rail of the pushing device on a rolling wheel of the base;
s002, placing the coal body supporting box insert of the coal body supporting box body in the box body limiting clamping groove, and simultaneously connecting two ends of the vertical lifting oil cylinder with the vertical oil cylinder hinging lug plate and the coal body supporting box hinging lug plate respectively;
s003, placing support box inserting strips in the coal body support box slots, and adjusting the telescopic length of the vertical lifting oil cylinder according to the simulated coal bed mining height to ensure that the height difference between the upper surfaces of the coal body support box body and the hydraulic support box body is equal to the mining height of the simulated working face;
s004, arranging transition box inserts of the transition support box body in the support box slots, arranging goaf support box inserts of the goaf support box body in the transition box slots, and arranging the support box limiting grooves, the transition box limiting grooves and the goaf support box limiting grooves on the box body limiting beams;
s005, connecting two ends of a horizontal pushing oil cylinder with a pushing oil cylinder hinged lug plate and a goaf supporting box hinged lug plate respectively, and performing telescopic operation through the horizontal pushing oil cylinder to align a lateral pushing supporting plate with a left supporting plate;
s006, selecting coal body simulation blocks with proper sizes, sequentially placing the coal body simulation blocks on a coal body supporting box body, a hydraulic support supporting box body and a transition supporting box body, and placing a hydraulic support test piece on the coal body simulation blocks on the hydraulic support supporting box body;
s007, selecting proper roof simulation blocks according to the thickness of a rock stratum above a coal seam and the mechanical parameters of the rock, and placing the roof simulation blocks above the coal body simulation blocks in sequence;
s008, selecting a proper top plate simulation block, placing the top beam simulation block in the lattice top beam, placing a top beam cover plate on the lattice top beam, and fixing the top beam cover plate by using bolts;
s009, retracting the horizontal pushing oil cylinder to enable the coal body cutting and pushing device, the coal body supporting box body, the hydraulic support supporting box body, the transition supporting box body and the goaf supporting box body to integrally move leftwards;
s010, performing frame descending operation on the hydraulic support, and pulling the hydraulic support to move forwards by utilizing the electromagnetic force generated by the coal block electromagnetic inductor of the coal body simulation block in front of the hydraulic support and the magnetic force generated by the magnet in front of the base of the hydraulic support;
s011, in the experiment process, monitoring the stress and strain of a coal block stress-strain sensor in a coal body simulation block and a top plate stress-strain sensor in a top plate simulation block, so as to obtain the stress and strain changes above, in front of and below the hydraulic support;
and S012, repeating S009-S011 to obtain the changes of the stress and the strain of the hydraulic support at different stages of top plate fracture and collapse in the whole working face mining process.
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