CN108226447B - Three-dimensional simulation test device and test method for underground coal mining surface movement - Google Patents
Three-dimensional simulation test device and test method for underground coal mining surface movement Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 155
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional simulation test device and a test method for surface movement of underground coal mining, wherein the device comprises an outer frame, a pressurizing mechanism, a drawing mechanism and a coal seam simulation part; the coal seam simulation part is arranged in the outer frame, and the upper surface of the coal seam simulation part is filled with coal seam similar materials, wherein the coal seam simulation part comprises a plurality of mining modules and a plurality of reserved coal pillar assemblies, the pressurizing mechanism is arranged at the top of the outer frame and is connected with the outer frame through a pressurizing position adjusting unit, the drawing mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the outer frame and is connected with the outer frame through a drawing position adjusting unit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mine exploitation simulation tests, in particular to a three-dimensional simulation test device and a test method for underground coal exploitation surface movement.
Background
With the continuous exploitation of coal resources in China and the expansion of town construction scale and the increase of village moving cost, the problem of coal pressure exploitation has become an important factor for restricting the sustainable development of coal mines. At present, a plurality of mines in the eastern region of China face the serious problem of 'three-lower' coal pressing, and the amount of coal resources mined by the mines is gradually reduced. The strip mining is an effective method for solving the problem of coal compaction, namely, a region to be mined is reasonably divided into a plurality of strips, the strips are sequentially mined and reserved in a planned way, and the reserved strip region supports overlying rock mass of a goaf, so that the subsidence of the earth surface is relieved, the damage degree of an earth surface building is reduced, and the aim of efficiently mining coal mine resources and controlling the coordination development of earth surface damage is fulfilled.
The control of deformation and destruction of structures such as villages on the earth surface and railways is one of the urgent problems to be solved in mining industry, the stress in overlying rock bodies of coal beds is redistributed no matter in strip mining or full mining, so that the local stress concentration phenomenon of surrounding rock is caused, roof plates of goaf sink, crush and collapse, and the stress of strip coal pillars is increased, so that the deformation and collapse of the earth surface in a certain range are caused. However, if a proper coal mining method is selected in advance, the working surfaces are reasonably arranged, including the determination of the mining width and the reserving width (the mining reserving ratio), the size, the direction, the advancing speed of the working surfaces, the optimal distance between the working surfaces, the mutual positions and the mining sequence, and the detailed research on the strip coal pillar stress distribution rule is carried out, so that the effective support and monitoring are carried out, the subsurface subsidence is controlled to a great extent, and the deformation of the ground building is reduced. Based on the method, in order to carry out reasonable model test research in a laboratory and simulate rock stratum and ground surface deformation rules under different exploitation schemes, the test results are comprehensively analyzed with the conventional probability integration method, artificial neural network prediction method, numerical calculation method and the conclusion of experience methods (typical curve method, section function method and the like) based on actual measurement data, and the method has important guiding significance for optimizing the design of the exploitation schemes.
Through search and inquiry, the conventional simulation test device for similar materials in coal mining is mainly a two-dimensional test bed (CN 205642864U, CN 204789567U) for simulating the movement of a coal mining roof and rock stratum, the technology is mature, but the simulation of the movement of the ground surface has larger limitation, and the simulation test is inevitably influenced by manual excavation; some three-dimensional test devices are of box-type structures (CN 204594982U, CN 103823041A), the control process of the coal seam simulation components is complex, the control process is too ideal, and trial production is difficult to succeed; or the mining method is limited by bearing capacity, functions and size, can not simulate various mining modes and irregular coal seam mining, and is difficult to effectively combine engineering practice to perform model test research.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problems in the prior art, and provides a three-dimensional simulation test device and a test method for underground coal mining surface movement, which can simulate strip mining, can simulate irregular strip mining in combination with a coal mining site, are variable in mining height and controllable in mining speed, and are convenient for the pressurized laying of similar materials.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the three-dimensional simulation test device for the surface movement of underground coal mining is characterized by comprising an outer frame, a pressurizing mechanism, a drawing mechanism and a coal bed simulation part; wherein:
the outer frame comprises upright posts arranged at four corners, a plurality of threaded holes are formed in the upright posts at intervals, and four bearing plates are arranged on the four upright posts through bolts penetrating through the threaded holes;
the coal seam simulation part consists of coal mining blocks and reserved coal pillar assemblies which are distributed in a staggered manner on a horizontal plane and are connected with each other, and the periphery of the coal seam simulation part is connected with four bearing plates in a front-back left-right mode;
the pressurizing mechanism is arranged at the top of the outer frame and connected with the outer frame through a pressurizing position adjusting unit, and is used for pressurizing the surface of the coal stratum similar material;
the drawing mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the outer frame and connected with the outer frame through a drawing position adjusting unit, and the drawing mechanism is used for drawing the coal exploitation block downwards to simulate coal exploitation.
Further: the reserved coal pillar assembly is a rectangular steel body with an opening at the bottom, which is called a first rectangular steel body, and the mining assembly is also a rectangular steel body consisting of a plurality of small rectangular steel units, which is called a second rectangular steel body; waist-shaped through holes are formed in four inner walls of the first rectangular steel body, welding nuts extending inwards are further arranged at the top of the first rectangular steel body, and the welding nuts are connected with the drawing mechanism; screw holes are formed in four inner side walls of the second rectangular steel body, and the first rectangular steel body and the second rectangular steel body are connected through waist-shaped through holes and the screw holes by anti-skid fastening screws; screw holes are also arranged on the front, back, left and right bearing plates in an array manner, and the coal seam simulation part is connected with the four bearing plates by penetrating through the screw holes through bolts; the upper surface of the coal seam simulation part is also filled with coal seam similar materials, baffles are arranged around the coal seam similar materials, and the baffles are connected to the upright posts through bolts.
Further: the pressurizing mechanism comprises a first ball sliding table, a hydraulic jack and a loading plate which are sequentially connected, the first ball sliding table is connected with a pressurizing position adjusting unit, the position of the loading plate corresponds to the surface position of the coal stratum similar material, and the pressurizing mechanism is connected with the outer frame through the pressurizing position adjusting unit.
Further, the pressurization position adjusting unit comprises a middle rail cross beam, a second ball sliding table, an upper rail stand column and an upper rail cross beam, wherein the middle rail cross beam is symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the outer frame, an upper sliding rail and a lower sliding rail are respectively arranged on the upper side surface and the lower side surface of the middle rail cross beam, the bottom of the upper rail stand column is in sliding connection with the upper sliding rail through the second ball sliding table, the upper rail cross beam is horizontally fixed at the top of the upper rail stand column, a first sliding rail is further arranged on the upper rail cross beam, and the first sliding rail is in sliding connection with the first ball sliding table.
Further, the drawing mechanism comprises a third ball sliding table, a drawing instrument and a pull rod, wherein the ball sliding table is connected with the drawing position adjusting unit, the drawing instrument is arranged on the pull rod in a penetrating mode and is connected with the ball sliding table, and the pull rod is connected with the welding nut of the first rectangular steel body.
Further, draw position adjustment unit and include fourth ball slip table, lower track stand and lower track crossbeam, the top of lower track stand is connected with lower part slide rail sliding connection through fourth ball slip table, and the bottom of lower track stand is connected with lower track crossbeam, still is equipped with the second slide rail on the lower track crossbeam, second slide rail and third ball slip table sliding connection.
Further, a transparent acrylic plate is embedded on the first baffle, and a support is further arranged at the bottom of the upright post.
Further, the upper rail upright post and the lower rail upright post have the same structure, the upper rail cross beam or the lower rail cross beam have the same structure, and the first, second, third and fourth ball sliding tables have the same structure.
The test method of the test device comprises the following steps:
the first step: formulating mining working conditions (mining area, working face number, coal mining method and the like) to be simulated according to actual conditions of an engineering site, and combining a test device;
and a second step of: acquiring on-site coal bed and rock stratum parameters, and preparing similar materials indoors;
and a third step of: testing to determine the parameters of the prepared similar materials;
fourth step: paving similar materials in the test device, arranging sensors, and compacting in layers;
fifth step: arranging high-speed cameras in front of and behind the test device, and monitoring the rock stratum plane displacement by combining a digital image processing technology; arranging a three-dimensional scanner at the earth surface deformation observation position of the test device, and scanning and storing the deformation and movement conditions of the earth surface and the building in real time;
sixth step: performing a simulation test according to a given mining simulation scheme, specifically including: loosening anti-slip fastening screws among the mining blocks to be mined, simulating coal mining by pulling down the mining blocks one by using a drawing mechanism, and performing data processing and analysis according to corresponding data records after the test is finished.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) The coal mining assembly is matched with the reserved coal pillar assembly in sequence in a staggered mode, so that the coal mining assembly is convenient to detach and splice, multiple mining modes can be simulated, the reserved coal pillar assembly is large in bending deformation resistance, the coal mining assembly is fastened on the reserved coal pillar assembly, larger load can be borne, and the test device can be ensured to reach larger size.
2) The pressurizing mechanism is used for pressurizing the surface of the coal stratum similar material through the pressurizing position adjusting unit, so that the pressure can be applied to the coal stratum similar material in different heights and different areas, and the reliability of stratum paving is guaranteed.
3) The drawing mechanism is connected with the outer frame through the drawing position adjusting unit, the drawing mechanism is utilized to draw the coal mining blocks downwards to simulate coal mining, the drawing mechanism can be controlled to draw down the drawing instrument slowly by means of the drawing rod, the next coal mining block is pulled forward by a distance corresponding to the working face, the pushing speed of the drawing mechanism can be controlled manually, the mining simulation mode cannot generate strong disturbance on other coal beds, rock strata and even ground surface buildings, the accuracy of test data is guaranteed, and the drawing instrument does not need to worry that the coal mining blocks cannot be pulled down due to overlarge friction force between the coal mining blocks, so that the test cannot be continued.
4) If the mining area to be simulated is smaller, the working surface is smaller, and a single test device is not necessary to be too large, the coal seam simulation part can be completely composed of mining coal blocks, a reserved coal pillar assembly is not needed to be arranged any more, an array structural surface is formed by mutually fastening the mining coal blocks, each mining coal block on the structural surface can be independently pulled down, and the ground subsidence caused by various excavation working conditions can be simulated. Besides, the baffle plates are removed from the small test devices, the respective upright posts of the baffle plates are reserved, and then the test devices can be connected in series and parallel to form a large-scale array combined structure, so that the surface area is increased, various buildings, lakes and the like can be arranged, and the combined structure is used for simulating the comprehensive influence of underground large-scale engineering excavation on ground facilities and natural landscapes.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-dimensional simulation test device for underground coal mining surface movement;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of another angle structure of the three-dimensional simulation test device for the surface movement of underground coal mining;
FIG. 3 is a plan view of the three-dimensional simulation test device for the surface movement of underground coal mining of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view, a schematic bottom view and a schematic partial enlarged view of a coal seam simulation part of the three-dimensional simulation test device for coal underground mining surface movement according to the present invention, shown in FIG. 4a, FIG. 4b and FIG. 4 c;
in fig. 5, fig. 5a, 5b and 5c are front, bottom and side views, respectively, of a coal mining block of the coal underground mining surface movement three-dimensional simulation test device of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a front view, a right view and an axial side view of a reserved coal pillar assembly of the three-dimensional simulation test device for the surface movement of underground coal mining of the present invention, shown in FIG. 6a, FIG. 6b and FIG. 6 c;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a column of the three-dimensional simulation test device for the surface movement of underground coal mining;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a first bearing plate of the three-dimensional simulation test device for underground coal mining surface movement of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a second bearing plate of the coal underground mining surface movement three-dimensional simulation test device of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of a first baffle of the three-dimensional simulation test device for the surface movement of underground coal mining;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a second baffle of the three-dimensional simulation test device for the surface movement of underground coal mining;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an upper rail column or a lower rail column of the coal underground mining surface movement three-dimensional simulation test device of the invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the structure of the upper rail cross beam or lower rail cross beam of the coal underground mining surface movement three-dimensional simulation test device of the invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a middle rail cross beam of the coal underground mining surface movement three-dimensional simulation test device of the invention;
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of the first, second or third or fourth ball ramp configuration of the coal underground mining surface movement three-dimensional simulation test device of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a schematic structural view of a drawbar of the coal underground mining surface movement three-dimensional simulation test device of the present invention;
FIGS. 17-21 are schematic diagrams of simulated total mining, production ratios 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 mining modes of the coal underground mining surface movement three-dimensional simulation test device of the invention;
FIG. 22 is a diagram of the simulated full mining test effect of the three-dimensional simulated test device for the surface movement of underground coal mining;
FIG. 23 is a graph showing the experimental results of simulated mining ratio 1:2 of the three-dimensional simulation test apparatus for underground coal mining surface movement according to the present invention.
In the figure:
the outer frame 1 is provided with an outer frame 11, upright posts 11, 12, a first bearing plate, a second bearing plate 13, a first baffle 14, a second baffle 15, a 16-threaded hole, a 17-first threaded hole, a 18-support and a 19-transparent acrylic plate;
2-pressurizing mechanism, 21-first ball sliding table, 22-hydraulic jack and 23-loading plate;
3-drawing mechanism, 31-third ball sliding table, 32-drawing instrument and 33-pull rod;
4-a coal seam simulation part, 41-a coal mining block, 411-a first rectangular steel body and 412-a waist-shaped through hole; 413-welding nuts, 42-reserved coal pillar assemblies, 421-second rectangular steel bodies, 422-second threaded holes;
5-coal formation-like materials,
the device comprises a 6-pressurizing position adjusting unit, a 61-middle track beam, a 62-second ball sliding table, a 63-upper track column, a 64-upper track beam, a 65-upper sliding rail, a 66-lower sliding rail and a 67-first sliding rail;
7-drawing position adjusting units, 71-fourth ball sliding tables, 72-lower rail upright posts and 73-lower rail cross beams; 74-second slide rail.
Description of the embodiments
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby making clear and defining the scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 16, the invention relates to a three-dimensional simulation test device for underground coal mining surface movement, which comprises an outer frame 1, a pressurizing mechanism 2, a drawing mechanism 3 and a coal seam simulation part 4;
the coal seam simulation part 4 is arranged in the outer frame 1, and the upper surface of the coal seam simulation part 4 is also filled with a coal seam similar material 5, wherein the coal seam simulation part 4 comprises a plurality of coal mining blocks 41 and a plurality of reserved coal pillar assemblies 42, and the coal mining blocks 41 and the reserved coal pillar assemblies 42 are distributed in a staggered manner and are connected with each other;
the pressurizing mechanism 2 is arranged at the top of the outer frame 1, the pressurizing mechanism 2 is connected with the outer frame 1 through a pressurizing position adjusting unit 6, and the pressurizing mechanism 2 is used for pressurizing the surface of the coal-rock stratum similar material 5;
the drawing mechanism 3 is arranged at the bottom of the outer frame 1, and the drawing mechanism 3 is connected with the outer frame 1 through a drawing position adjusting unit 7, and the drawing mechanism 3 is used for drawing the coal mining block 41 downwards to simulate coal mining.
Specifically, the outer frame 1 includes a column 11, a first bearing plate 12, a second bearing plate 13, a first baffle 14 and a second baffle 15, the first bearing plate 12 is fixed on the front and rear sides of the coal seam simulation portion 4, the second bearing plate 13 is fixed on the left and right sides of the coal seam simulation portion 4, the column 11 is symmetrically arranged around the coal seam simulation portion 4, and the column 11 is respectively connected with the first bearing plate 12, the second bearing plate 13, the first baffle 14 and the second baffle 15, wherein the first baffle 14 and the second baffle 15 are respectively arranged on the front and rear sides and the left and right sides of the coal seam simulation portion 5. Preferably, in order to facilitate adjustment of the initial height of the test device, a plurality of screw holes 16 are provided at intervals in the height direction of the column 11, and the first bearing plate 12, the second bearing plate 13, the first baffle plate 14 and the second baffle plate 15 are connected to the column 11 through the screw holes 16 by bolts. The upright 11 in this embodiment may be deep groove steel with a waist thickness of 10mm.
In the invention, a plurality of first threaded holes 17 are arranged on the first bearing plate 12 and the second bearing plate 13 in an array manner, and the coal seam simulation part 4 is connected with the first bearing plate 12 and the second bearing plate 13 through bolts passing through the first threaded holes 17. In this embodiment, the first and second bearing plates 12 and 13 are load-bearing steel plates, and have a plate thickness of 20mm.
Referring to fig. 4, the mining assembly 41 includes a first rectangular steel body 411 with an opening at the bottom, the first rectangular steel body 411 is hollow, a waist-shaped through hole 412 is formed on the peripheral side wall of the first rectangular steel body 411, and a welding nut 413 extending inwards is further arranged at the top of the first rectangular steel body 411, and the welding nut 413 is connected with the drawing mechanism 3; in the present embodiment, the length×width×height of the mining block 1 is 100×100×200mm. The waist-shaped through holes 412 facilitate the installation, the removal and the mutual frictional sliding between the adjacent two first rectangular steel bodies 411 or between the first rectangular steel body 411 and the second rectangular steel body 421.
Referring to fig. 6, the reserved coal pillar assembly 42 includes a second rectangular steel body 421, the second rectangular steel body 421 is composed of a plurality of small rectangular steel bodies, the second rectangular steel body 421 is hollow, the peripheral side wall of the second rectangular steel body 421 is provided with a second threaded hole 422, and the second threaded hole 422 corresponds to the first threaded hole 17 in position; thereby facilitating the mutual matching connection of the front and rear sides of the second rectangular steel body 421 and the first bearing plate 12, and the left and right sides of the second rectangular steel body 421 and the second bearing plate 13. Wherein the first rectangular steel body 411 and the second rectangular steel body 412 are connected by anti-slip fastening screws through the waist-shaped through holes 412 and the second screw holes 422.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the pressurizing mechanism 2 includes a first ball sliding table 21, a hydraulic jack 22, and a loading plate 23 connected in this order, the first ball sliding table 21 is connected with the pressurizing position adjusting unit 6, and the position of the loading plate 23 corresponds to the surface position of the coal-strata like material 5. The loading plate 23 is driven to move downwards through the action of the hydraulic jack 22 to pressurize and compact the surface position of the coal-rock stratum similar material 5, so that the simulation precision of the coal-rock stratum similar material 5 is ensured, and the overall precision of a simulation experiment is further improved.
Specifically, the pressurizing position adjusting unit 6 includes a middle rail beam 61, a second ball sliding table 62, an upper rail column 63 and an upper rail beam 64, the middle rail beam 61 is symmetrically disposed on the left and right sides of the outer frame 1, and an upper slide rail 65 and a lower slide rail 66 are respectively disposed on the upper and lower sides of the middle rail beam 61, the bottom of the upper rail column 63 is slidably connected with the upper slide rail 65 through the second ball sliding table 62, the upper rail beam 64 is horizontally fixed on the top of the upper rail column 63, and a first slide rail 67 is further disposed on the upper rail beam 64, and the first slide rail 67 is slidably connected with the first ball sliding table 21. The front-rear position of the pressing mechanism 2 can be adjusted by driving the second ball slide 62 to reciprocate along the upper slide rail 65, and the left-right position of the pressing mechanism 2 can be adjusted by driving the first ball slide 21 to reciprocate along the first slide rail 67. In the embodiment of the present invention, the height position of the pressurizing mechanism 2 can also be adjusted by providing a plurality of height adjustment holes in the upper rail stand 63.
Specifically, the drawing mechanism 3 includes a third ball slide table 31, a drawing instrument 32, and a pull rod 33, the third ball slide table 31 is connected with the drawing position adjusting unit 7, the drawing instrument 32 is threaded on the pull rod 33 and connected with the third ball slide table 31, and the pull rod 33 is connected with the weld nut 413. In the invention, the pulling device 32 drives the pull rod 33 to generate pulling force, so as to pull down the coal mining block 41 to be mined to a proper position, thereby simulating the coal mining process.
Specifically, the drawing position adjusting unit 7 includes a fourth ball sliding table 71, a lower rail upright 72, and a lower rail cross member 73, the top of the lower rail upright 72 is slidably connected to the lower rail 65 through the fourth ball sliding table 71, the bottom of the lower rail upright 72 is connected to the lower rail cross member 73, a second rail 74 is further provided on the lower rail cross member 73, and the second rail 74 is slidably connected to the third ball sliding table 31. In the present invention, the left and right positions of the drawing mechanism 3 can be adjusted by driving the third ball sliding table 31 to slide reciprocally along the second sliding rail 74, and the front and rear positions of the drawing mechanism 3 can be adjusted by driving the fourth ball sliding table 71 to slide reciprocally along the lower sliding rail 66, and in the embodiment of the present invention, the height position of the drawing mechanism 3 can also be adjusted by providing a plurality of height adjusting holes in the lower rail beam 73.
In the invention, in order to facilitate observation of rock stratum movement and coal seam roof damage, a transparent acrylic plate 19 is embedded on the first baffle 14, and in order to facilitate adjustment of the position of the upright post 11, a support 18 is also arranged at the bottom of the upright post 11.
In the present invention, for convenience of processing and manufacture, the upper rail column 63 and the lower rail column 72 have the same structure, the upper rail beam 64 or the lower rail beam 73 have the same structure, and the first, second, third and fourth ball sliding tables (21, 62, 31, 71) have the same structure.
The invention relates to a test method using the three-dimensional simulation test device for the surface movement of underground coal mining, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, formulating a working condition to be simulated; as shown in fig. 17 to 21, the working conditions which can be simulated in the present embodiment are the working modes such as full mining, mining/reserving ratio 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, etc.
Step two, acquiring on-site coal bed and rock stratum parameters, and preparing similar materials of the coal and rock stratum indoors; in the invention, similar materials can be prepared into solids with different colors by adopting a coloring agent, the coloring agent can be carbon black or iron oxide red or iron oxide green, the similar materials with different parameter ratios (representing different rock layers) are determined according to simulation requirements, the rock layer similar materials are generally prepared by solid particle materials and liquid materials according to different parameters, the coloring agent can be added into the solid materials of the similar materials to be uniformly stirred, then the liquid materials are added to be uniformly stirred, the mass percentage of each coloring agent accounting for the corresponding similar materials is 3-8%, and the mechanical parameters of the original matching similar materials can not be changed by adding the coloring agent with the mass percentage.
Thirdly, paving a coal stratum similar material in an outer frame of the test device, arranging a sensor, and compacting in layers;
fourthly, arranging high-speed cameras in front of and behind the test device, and monitoring the rock stratum plane displacement by combining a digital image processing technology; and (3) laying a measuring line or arranging a three-dimensional scanner at the surface deformation observation position of the test device.
And fifthly, performing a similar simulation test according to a given mining simulation scheme.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: loosening anti-slip fastening screws between mining blocks to be mined, simulating coal mining by pulling down the mining blocks one by using a drawing mechanism, positioning measuring points according to a method of arranging measuring lines on the earth surface vertically and horizontally, measuring earth surface deformation by using a displacement sensor, processing the measured data by using MATLAB and other software to obtain an earth surface deformation cloud image, and respectively simulating the earth surface deformation image obtained by processing software under the working conditions of full mining and mining/reserving ratio of 1:2 as shown in fig. 22 and 23; the three-dimensional laser scanner can also be used for monitoring the phenomena of surface deformation, building inclination, subsidence and the like and related data, and the effect is better. And after the test is finished, carrying out data processing and analysis according to the corresponding data record.
In summary, the invention has the following advantages:
1) The coal mining assembly is matched with the reserved coal pillar assembly in sequence in a staggered mode, so that the coal mining assembly is convenient to detach and splice, multiple mining modes can be simulated, the reserved coal pillar assembly is large in bending deformation resistance, the coal mining assembly is fastened on the reserved coal pillar assembly, larger load can be borne, and the test device can be ensured to reach larger size.
2) The pressurizing mechanism is used for pressurizing the surface of the coal stratum similar material through the pressurizing position adjusting unit, so that the pressure can be applied to the coal stratum similar material in different heights and different areas, and the reliability of stratum paving is guaranteed.
3) The drawing mechanism is connected with the outer frame through the drawing position adjusting unit, the drawing mechanism is utilized to draw the coal mining blocks downwards to simulate coal mining, the drawing mechanism can be controlled to draw down the drawing instrument slowly by means of the drawing rod, the next coal mining block is pulled forward by a distance corresponding to the working face, the pushing speed of the drawing mechanism can be controlled manually, the mining simulation mode cannot generate strong disturbance on other coal beds, rock strata and even ground surface buildings, the accuracy of test data is guaranteed, and the drawing instrument does not need to worry that the coal mining blocks cannot be pulled down due to overlarge friction force between the coal mining blocks, so that the test cannot be continued.
4) If the mining area to be simulated is smaller, the working surface is smaller, and a single test device is not necessary to be too large, the coal seam simulation part can be completely composed of mining coal blocks, a reserved coal pillar assembly is not needed to be arranged any more, an array structural surface is formed by mutually fastening the mining coal blocks, each mining coal block on the structural surface can be independently pulled down, and the ground subsidence caused by various excavation working conditions can be simulated. Besides, the baffle plates are removed from the small test devices, the respective upright posts of the baffle plates are reserved, and then the test devices can be connected in series and parallel to form a large-scale array combined structure, so that the surface area is increased, various buildings, lakes and the like can be arranged, and the combined structure is used for simulating the comprehensive influence of underground large-scale engineering excavation on ground facilities and natural landscapes.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of specific embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the invention is not limited thereto, but any changes or substitutions that do not undergo the inventive effort should be construed as falling within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope defined by the claims.
Claims (3)
1. The three-dimensional simulation test device for the surface movement of underground coal mining is characterized by comprising an outer frame, a pressurizing mechanism, a drawing mechanism and a coal bed simulation part; wherein:
the outer frame comprises upright posts arranged at four corners, a plurality of threaded holes are formed in the upright posts at intervals, and four bearing plates are arranged on the four upright posts through bolts penetrating through the threaded holes;
the coal seam simulation part consists of coal mining blocks and reserved coal pillar assemblies which are distributed in a staggered manner on a horizontal plane and are connected with each other, and the periphery of the coal seam simulation part is connected with four bearing plates in a front-back left-right mode; the reserved coal pillar assembly is a rectangular steel body with an opening at the bottom, which is called a first rectangular steel body, and the coal mining assembly is also a rectangular steel body consisting of a plurality of small rectangular steel units, which is called a second rectangular steel body; waist-shaped through holes are formed in four inner walls of the first rectangular steel body, welding nuts extending inwards are further arranged at the top of the first rectangular steel body, and the welding nuts are connected with the drawing mechanism; screw holes are formed in four inner side walls of the second rectangular steel body, and the first rectangular steel body and the second rectangular steel body are connected through waist-shaped through holes and the screw holes by anti-skid fastening screws; screw holes are also arranged on the front, back, left and right bearing plates in an array manner, and the coal seam simulation part is connected with the four bearing plates by penetrating through the screw holes through bolts; the upper surface of the coal seam simulation part is also filled with a coal seam similar material, the periphery of the coal seam similar material is provided with a baffle plate, and the baffle plate is connected to the upright post through a bolt;
the pressurizing mechanism is arranged at the top of the outer frame and connected with the outer frame through a pressurizing position adjusting unit, and is used for pressurizing the surface of the similar material of the coal bed; the pressurizing mechanism comprises a first ball sliding table, a hydraulic jack and a loading plate which are sequentially connected, the first ball sliding table is connected with the pressurizing position adjusting unit, and the position of the loading plate corresponds to the surface position of the coal stratum similar material; the pressurizing position adjusting unit comprises a middle rail cross beam, a second ball sliding table, an upper rail stand column and an upper rail cross beam, wherein the middle rail cross beam is symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the outer frame, an upper sliding rail and a lower sliding rail are respectively arranged on the upper side surface and the lower side surface of the middle rail cross beam, the bottom of the upper rail stand column is in sliding connection with the upper sliding rail through the second ball sliding table, the upper rail cross beam is horizontally fixed at the top of the upper rail stand column, a first sliding rail is further arranged on the upper rail cross beam, and the first sliding rail is in sliding connection with the first ball sliding table;
the drawing mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the outer frame and connected with the outer frame through a drawing position adjusting unit, and is used for drawing the coal exploitation block downwards to simulate coal exploitation; the drawing mechanism comprises a third ball sliding table, a drawing instrument and a pull rod, wherein the ball sliding table is connected with the drawing position adjusting unit, the drawing instrument is arranged on the pull rod in a penetrating manner and is connected with the ball sliding table, and the pull rod is connected with a welding nut of the first rectangular steel body; the drawing position adjusting unit comprises a fourth ball sliding table, a lower track upright post and a lower track cross beam, wherein the top of the lower track upright post is in sliding connection with the lower sliding rail through the fourth ball sliding table, the bottom of the lower track upright post is connected with the lower track cross beam, a second sliding rail is further arranged on the lower track cross beam, and the second sliding rail is in sliding connection with the third ball sliding table.
2. The three-dimensional simulation test device for underground coal mining surface movement according to claim 1, wherein the outer frame comprises an upright post, a first bearing plate, a second bearing plate, a first baffle and a second baffle, a transparent acrylic plate is embedded on the first baffle, and a support is further arranged at the bottom of the upright post.
3. A method of testing a coal underground mining surface movement three-dimensional simulation test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 2, comprising the steps of:
the first step: formulating a combined test device for simulating mining working conditions according to actual conditions of an engineering site;
and a second step of: acquiring on-site coal bed and rock stratum parameters, and preparing similar materials indoors;
and a third step of: testing to determine the parameters of the prepared similar materials;
fourth step: paving similar materials in the test device, arranging sensors, and compacting in layers;
fifth step: arranging high-speed cameras in front of and behind the test device, and monitoring the rock stratum plane displacement by combining a digital image processing technology; arranging a three-dimensional scanner at the earth surface deformation observation position of the test device, and scanning and storing the deformation and movement conditions of the earth surface and the building in real time;
sixth step: performing a simulation test according to a given mining simulation scheme, specifically including: loosening anti-slip fastening screws among the mining blocks to be mined, simulating coal mining by pulling down the mining blocks one by using a drawing mechanism, and performing data processing and analysis according to corresponding data records after the test is finished.
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| PCT/CN2018/114278 WO2019148921A1 (en) | 2018-01-31 | 2018-11-07 | Three-dimensional simulation testing device and testing method for surface movement resulting from underground coal mining |
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