CN110411840B - Test device and method for simulating tension fracture generated by goaf earth surface soil body - Google Patents
Test device and method for simulating tension fracture generated by goaf earth surface soil body Download PDFInfo
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- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 18
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 description 18
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test device and a test method for simulating tension cracks generated in a goaf earth surface soil body. The device relates to a physical simulation test device. The device comprises a support and a part lifting moving system, wherein the support is specifically a cuboid cavity structure with a missing top surface, a plurality of concave sample loading boxes which are parallel and are sequentially arranged according to the horizontal extending direction of the support are arranged in the support, edges of the bottom ends of adjacent sample loading boxes, which are not provided with vertical walls, are hinged through a rotating shaft, all sample loading boxes are connected to form a sample loading collecting box with the top surface and the cuboid cavity structure with the missing top surface and two vertical surfaces perpendicular to the horizontal extending direction of the support, and a lifting system capable of driving the sample loading boxes to reciprocate up and down is arranged in the support right below each sample loading box. The invention also provides a simulation method for the formation process of the surface tension fracture of the mining area by using the device; the invention can effectively simulate the development and evolution process of tension cracks generated by the earth surface soil body of the goaf.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a test device, in particular to a simulation test device for producing tension cracks on the ground surface after goaf collapse.
Background
With the continuous exploitation of various mineral resources underground in China, the overlying rock body falls down and the ground is sunk to form a sunk sloping field, a large number of tensile cracks are generated on the ground surface, and the geological environment problems such as water and soil loss, building damage and the like caused by the tensile cracks are attracting more and more attention. However, due to the influence of various factors, the development process and the rule of the tension fracture are difficult to observe and measure on site, and especially the damage degree of the tension fracture process to the plant root system in the soil body is difficult to observe. Therefore, the indoor tension crack simulation device is used for simulating and testing different types of soil samples, so that the development process and the characteristics of the tension crack are intuitively observed and recorded, and the damage process, the form and the degree of the tension crack to the vegetation root system are intuitively observed, which is very needed.
The earth surface soil environment has great influence on the development of tension cracks. When the surface of the ground is in plain or hilly land, the surface of the ground is distributed with a surface soil layer with a certain thickness, and the surface subsidence is represented by stretching deformation with different degrees. In arid and semiarid regions or in non-rainy seasons in other regions, soil body has high strength and brittle deformation mainly due to easy fracture because of lower moisture content; in rainy seasons, soil bodies may be plastic deformed due to high moisture content.
The frictional force provided by plant root systems distributed in the soil body deformation process generates an anchoring effect and a reinforcement effect, and has a retarding effect on soil body cracking deformation. Conversely, the pulling crack deformation of the soil body generates certain damage and destroy to the plant root system, and the understanding of the damage form and degree of the plant root system in the pulling crack process has very important significance for the growth of the plant.
According to the tension fracture simulation device disclosed by the invention, soil samples with different water contents, different types and containing different plant root system substitutes are filled, and the tension stress environment is changed, so that the development process and the rule of the tension fracture of the soil samples and the influence on the damage of vegetation root systems can be visually observed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a test device and a test method for simulating tension cracks generated in the earth surface soil body of a goaf, so as to solve the technical problems that the influence of tension cracks of the earth surface soil body after goaf collapse cannot be effectively simulated, and the like in the prior art are difficult to judge.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a test device for simulating tension cracks generated in earth surface soil bodies in goaf, which comprises a support, wherein the support is in a cuboid cavity structure with a missing top surface, a plurality of concave sample boxes which are horizontally arranged in parallel and are communicated with each other are arranged in the support, adjacent sample boxes are hinged through rotating shafts between adjacent bottom ends, a lifting device capable of driving each sample box to reciprocate up and down is arranged in the support right below each sample box, and two ends of each rotating shaft respectively penetrate through side walls of the support close to the sample boxes and are arranged outside the support.
Further, the sample loading box is an integral structure formed by a horizontal plate and two vertical plates, wherein the two vertical plates are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the center of the horizontal plate and the bottom ends of the two vertical plates are respectively connected with the horizontal plate to form a concave structure.
Further, two baffles are also arranged, all the sample loading boxes form a sample loading collection box with a top surface and two opposite vertical surfaces missing, the two baffles are respectively and fixedly arranged at the positions of the two missing vertical surfaces in the sample loading collection box, the sample loading collection box forms a cuboid cavity structure with only the missing top surface, and the two baffles and the corresponding sample loading boxes are respectively integrated.
Further, the bottom of the inner cavity of the sample loading collection box is filled with soil consisting of soil samples and plant root systems.
Further, the support, the horizontal plate, the vertical plate and the baffle are all made of transparent plastics.
Further, when the sample box is lifted to the highest point by the corresponding lifting device, the horizontal elevation of the bottom end of the sample box is lower than the horizontal elevation of the top end of the bracket.
The invention also provides a simulation method for simulating the stretch-breaking process of the earth surface soil body of the goaf by using the test device, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, placing all sample loading boxes into a bracket, and connecting the sample loading boxes through a rotating shaft to form a sample loading collection box, wherein both ends of the rotating shaft are arranged on the outer side of the bracket;
step 2, filling soil at the bottom of the inner cavity of the sample loading collection box and waiting for the soil to stabilize;
step 3, when the development condition of tension cracks generated by subsidence of earth surface soil body of the goaf needs to be simulated:
firstly, all the rotating shafts are pulled away, then any one of the two ends of the sample loading and collecting box is operated to slowly descend corresponding to the lifting device 3, and the development condition of tension cracks generated between the sample loading box corresponding to the end and soil bodies at the joint of the sample loading box and the adjacent sample loading box is observed.
Further, the method comprises the following steps:
when the development condition of tension cracks generated in the stepping collapse area needs to be simulated, the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, all rotating shafts are pulled out, any one of two lifting devices at the end is selected as a starting end, the other lifting device is selected as an ending end, all lifting devices are sequentially operated according to the direction from the starting end to the ending end to enable the lifting devices to respectively descend to a set height, after one of two adjacent lifting devices descends to the set height, the other lifting device starts descending after a time interval T, the initial height, the descending height and the descending time of each lifting device are the same, and the development condition of a stretching crack in the whole process is observed.
Further, the method comprises the following steps:
when the development condition of tension cracks in the subsidence area of the ground surface is required to be simulated when the supporting structure exists in the goaf:
optionally, one rotating shaft in the non-end area is an analog supporting structure, the rest rotating shafts are pulled away, lifting devices of the two rotating shafts are synchronously operated to conduct descending, the lifting devices are descended to a set height, and the development condition of tension cracks in the whole process is observed.
Further, the method comprises the following steps:
when the influence condition of the peripheral collapse area of the non-collapse protection area on the tensile fracture generation needs to be simulated, the method comprises the following steps:
and optionally selecting two adjacent rotating shafts positioned in the non-end area, enabling the sample loading boxes between the two rotating shafts to be a simulation protection area, extracting the rest rotating shafts, operating two lifting devices corresponding to the sample loading boxes at two sides of the simulation protection area, and synchronously or asynchronously descending the two lifting devices to set heights respectively, wherein the descending time length of the two lifting devices is the same, correspondingly observing the tension crack development conditions of synchronous collapse at two sides of the simulation protection area when the two lifting devices are in synchronous descending, and correspondingly observing the tension crack development conditions of asynchronous collapse at two sides of the simulation protection area when the two lifting devices are in asynchronous descending.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the invention provides a test device and a test method for simulating tension cracks generated by earth surface soil in a goaf, which have simple equipment structure, and the test device has the advantages that soil consisting of soil and plant root systems is paved in a sampling set box, then the soil is placed on a lifting device, and the corresponding sample boxes can lift or fall to different degrees by adjusting different lifting devices, so that the fall is generated between the corresponding sample boxes and the adjacent sample boxes, and the corresponding tension cracks can be generated at the joint of the sample boxes and the adjacent sample boxes, thereby realizing the purpose of simulating the tension cracks generated by the soil, and having guiding effect on the development process of the definite tension cracks and the influence on the plant root systems; the action mechanism of different influencing factors on the development of the tensile fracture of the earth surface soil body can be effectively clarified through inserting and pulling the corresponding rotating shafts; the development condition and characteristics of the surface tension fracture of the stepping goaf can be effectively defined by sequentially lifting the corresponding sample loading boxes; the multi-medium condition simulation of the tension fracture generated by the goaf surface soil is realized, and the research and the promotion of the tension fracture are facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a test device for simulating tension cracks generated in a goaf earth surface soil body in an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the external structure of a test device for simulating tension cracks generated in the earth surface soil body of a goaf in an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the cartridge of the embodiment.
In the figure: 1. loading a sample box; 2. a rotating shaft; 3. a lifting device; 4. a bracket; 5. soil mass; 6. a handle; 7. and a support structure.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1-3, a test device for simulating tension cracks generated in earth surface soil bodies in goaf in the embodiment comprises a bracket 4, wherein the bracket 4 is specifically a cuboid cavity structure with a missing top surface, and a plurality of concave sample boxes 1 which are parallel and are sequentially arranged in the horizontal extending direction of the bracket 4 are arranged in the bracket 4;
in particular, in the present embodiment, the cartridge 1 is specifically an integral structure composed of one horizontal plate and two vertical plates, which are symmetrical about the center of the horizontal plate and are fixedly installed at the top thereof to form a concave structure;
the edges of the bottom ends of the adjacent sample loading boxes 1 without vertical walls are hinged through a rotating shaft 2 (namely, the edges of the two adjacent horizontal plates, which are not provided with the vertical plates, are hinged through the rotating shaft 2), and all the sample loading boxes 1 are connected to form a sample loading box with a cuboid cavity structure with a top surface and two vertical surfaces which are vertical to the horizontal extending direction of the bracket 4 and are missing;
particularly, in the embodiment, two baffles are further arranged, each baffle is respectively and fixedly arranged at the position of two missing vertical surfaces in the sample loading box, so that the sample loading box forms a cuboid cavity structure with the missing top surface only, and the two baffles and the corresponding sample loading box 1 are respectively integrated;
the two ends of the sample loading collection box are respectively provided with a baffle plate, so that a cuboid cavity structure with two top surfaces and one vertical surface missing is formed, namely, two end sample loading boxes, wherein one sides of the two end sample loading boxes with the missing vertical surfaces face each other, and the sample loading box 1 between the two ends is free of the two vertical surfaces and one top surface;
a lifting device 3 capable of driving the sample loading boxes 1 to reciprocate up and down is arranged in the bracket 4 right below each sample loading box 1, and two ends of each rotating shaft 2 respectively penetrate through or erect on the side wall of the bracket 4 adjacent to the rotating shaft.
In particular, in the present embodiment, the bottom of the sample collection box is filled with a soil body 5 composed of a soil sample and a plant root system.
Preferably, in this embodiment, the support 4, the horizontal plate, the vertical plate and the baffle are all made of transparent plastic in order to facilitate the observation of the changes in the loading magazine.
Preferably, the number of cartridges 1 is at least three, and in particular, four cartridges 1 are provided in this embodiment (refer to fig. 1 to 3).
Preferably, in particular, in order to realize effective limit of the rack 4 on the sample loading and collecting box, so that the rack can only go up and down, when the sample loading and collecting box 1 is lifted to the highest point by the corresponding lifting device 3, the horizontal elevation of the bottom end of the sample loading and collecting box 1 is lower than the horizontal elevation of the top end of the rack 4.
Preferably, in the present embodiment, the lifting device 3 is embodied as a linear cylinder.
Preferably, in this embodiment, to facilitate movement of the sample loading magazine, a handle 6 is mounted on the outer wall of both baffles.
Preferably, in this embodiment, in order to avoid that each loading magazine 1 is out of balance with the corresponding lifting device 3 during the test, each lifting device 3 is connected to the corresponding loading magazine 1 by a support structure 7.
Through the above arrangement, the supporting structure 7 can effectively support the corresponding cartridge 1.
Preferably, in this embodiment, a controller (not shown in the drawings) is further provided, and the controller is a micro-singlechip, and is respectively connected with each lifting device 3, so that accurate control of the micro-singlechip is realized, the defect of manual operation is avoided, and the operation precision and the test accuracy are improved.
Example 2
The invention also provides a method for simulating tension fracture by using the device of claim 1, which specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, connecting all sample boxes 1 through a rotating shaft 2;
1) When the subsidence of the earth surface soil body of the goaf needs to be simulated, paving a soil body 5 consisting of soil and plant root systems at the bottom of a sample loading collection box, then placing the sample loading collection box into a bracket 4 through a handle 6 and erecting the sample loading collection box through a plurality of lifting devices 3 (or directly placing the sample loading box 1 into the bracket 4 and supporting the sample loading box through the lifting devices 3, then penetrating corresponding perforation by utilizing a rotating shaft 2 so that adjacent sample loading boxes 1 are connected, and then refilling the soil body 5);
after the soil body 5 is stable, all the rotating shafts 2 are pulled away, so that each sample loading box 1 can independently go up and down;
then the lifting device 3 at the outermost side is controlled to descend, the corresponding sample loading boxes 1 are synchronously supported under the action of gravity, and other sample loading boxes 1 do not act, so that the descending sample loading boxes 1 and the adjacent sample loading boxes 1 generate height differences, further corresponding tension cracks are generated, and the development degree of the tension cracks when descending at different heights is observed.
2) When the influence of supporting structures such as a roadway in a goaf on the development of the tension fracture of the earth surface soil body is required to be observed, the method comprises the following steps:
after the soil body 5 in the sample loading collection box is stable, one rotating shaft 2 in the middle is selected to be reserved, the rest rotating shafts are all pulled out, then lifting devices 3 on two sides of the rotating shaft 2 which are not pulled out are lowered, the corresponding two sample loading boxes 1 generate a downward trend, but are affected by the fact that the rotating shaft 2 which is not pulled out (corresponding to supporting structures such as a roadway and the like carry out projection supporting on the ground surface of the sample loading boxes, so that the supporting position is not lowered, the external stress of the supporting position is lowered), the rotating shaft 2 and the supporting structure are inclined downward trend, tension cracks can be generated on the soil body 5 which is right above the rotating shaft 2, and the development degree of the tension cracks in different downward positions is observed.
3) When the development condition of the tension fracture generated in the step-type subsidence area needs to be observed and researched (the mining condition of the mining area is mostly step-type mining, the corresponding goaf is mostly caving according to the same interval, and the corresponding subsidence area is represented as step-type subsidence):
the operation condition is similar to 1), namely after all the rotating shafts 2 are extracted, the lifting device 3 is started to descend by one lifting device 3 positioned at the outermost side, the descending time, the descending height and the initial height of each sample box 1 are the same, the descending time intervals of the adjacent sample boxes 1 are equal (so that the development condition of the tension crack of the earth surface soil body when the step collapse is accurately simulated), the sample boxes 1 are enabled to descend sequentially, and the development condition of the tension crack in the whole process is observed.
4) When the situation that tension cracks are generated on the periphery of the peripheral collapse area of the protection area corresponding to the periphery needs to be observed:
optionally, two adjacent rotating shafts 2 positioned in the non-end area are selected, the sample loading box 1 between the two rotating shafts is a simulation protection area, the rest rotating shafts 2 are pulled away, two lifting devices 3 corresponding to the sample loading boxes 1 at two sides of the simulation protection area are operated, the two lifting devices 3 synchronously or asynchronously descend to a set height respectively, the descending time length of the two lifting devices is the same, the synchronous descending time length corresponds to the stretching crack development condition of synchronous collapse at two sides of the simulation protection area, and the asynchronous descending time length corresponds to the stretching crack development condition of asynchronous collapse at two sides of the simulation protection area.
5) When the soil samples with different water contents, different types and containing different plant root system substitutes are required to be observed under different conditions of 1-4, the corresponding soil bodies 5 are only required to be prepared and replaced.
From the above, the invention provides a simulation device and a method capable of effectively simulating the tensile fracture generated by the earth surface soil body of the goaf, different tensile fracture development conditions can be effectively simulated by the device and the method, the effective simulation of the tensile fracture is realized, and the device and the method have a guiding effect on researching the tensile fracture development of the earth surface of the goaf;
the device has the advantages of simple integral structure, convenient operation, convenient realization of test purpose, low manufacturing cost and contribution to popularization and use.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A simulation method for simulating a stretch-break process of a goaf earth surface soil body is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, placing all sample loading boxes (1) into a bracket (4), and connecting the sample loading boxes through a rotating shaft (2), wherein both ends of the rotating shaft (2) are arranged at the outer side of the bracket (4);
step 2, filling soil (5) at the bottom of the inner cavity of the sample loading collection box and waiting for the soil (5) to be stable;
step 3, when the development condition of tension cracks generated by subsidence of earth surface soil body of the goaf needs to be simulated:
firstly, all rotating shafts (2) are pulled away, then any one of two ends of the sample loading collection box is operated to slowly descend corresponding to the lifting device 3, and the development condition of tension cracks generated between the sample loading box (1) corresponding to the end and soil bodies (5) at the joint of the sample loading box and the adjacent sample loading box (1) is observed;
the device comprises a support (4), wherein the support (4) is of a cuboid cavity structure with a missing top surface, a plurality of concave sample boxes (1) which are horizontally arranged in parallel and are communicated with each other in the inner cavity are arranged in the support (4), adjacent sample boxes (1) are hinged through rotating shafts (2) between adjacent bottom ends, lifting devices (3) capable of driving the sample boxes (1) to reciprocate up and down are arranged in the support (4) right below each sample box (1), and two ends of each rotating shaft (2) respectively penetrate through the side walls of the adjacent support (4) and are arranged outside the support;
the sample box (1) is an integral structure formed by a horizontal plate and two vertical plates, wherein the two vertical plates are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the center of the horizontal plate, and the bottom ends of the two vertical plates are respectively connected with the horizontal plate to form a concave structure;
the sample loading box is also provided with two baffles, all the sample loading boxes (1) form a sample loading box with a top surface and two opposite vertical surfaces missing, the two baffles are respectively and fixedly arranged at the positions of the two missing vertical surfaces in the sample loading box, the sample loading box forms a cuboid cavity structure with only the missing top surface, and the two baffles and the corresponding sample loading box (1) are respectively integrated;
the bottom of the inner cavity of the sample loading and collecting box is filled with a soil body (5) formed by a soil sample and a plant root system;
the bracket (4), the horizontal plate, the vertical plate and the baffle are all made of transparent plastic;
when the sample box (1) is lifted to the highest point by the corresponding lifting device (3), the horizontal elevation of the bottom end of the sample box (1) is lower than the horizontal elevation of the top end of the bracket (4).
2. A simulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that the method further comprises:
when the development condition of tension cracks generated in the stepping collapse area needs to be simulated, the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, all rotating shafts (2) are pulled out, any one of two lifting devices (3) at the end is selected as a starting end, the other lifting device is selected as an ending end, all the lifting devices (3) are sequentially operated according to the direction from the starting end to the ending end to enable the lifting devices to respectively descend to a set height, after one of the two adjacent lifting devices (3) descends to the set height, the other lifting device starts descending after a time interval T, the initial height, the descending height and the descending time of each lifting device (3) are the same, and the development condition of tension cracks generated by a soil body (5) in the whole process is observed.
3. A simulation method according to claim 2, characterized in that the method further comprises:
when the development condition of tension cracks in the subsidence area of the ground surface is required to be simulated when the supporting structure exists in the goaf:
optionally, one rotating shaft (2) in the non-end area is a simulation supporting structure, the rest rotating shafts (2) are pulled away, the lifting devices (3) of the two rotating shafts (2) are synchronously operated to conduct descending, the lifting devices descend to a set height, and the development condition of tension cracks generated by soil bodies (5) in the whole process is observed.
4. A simulation method according to claim 3, characterized in that the method further comprises:
when the influence condition of the peripheral collapse area of the non-collapse protection area on the tensile fracture generation needs to be simulated, the method comprises the following steps:
optionally, two adjacent rotating shafts (2) positioned in the non-end area are selected, the sample loading boxes (1) between the two rotating shafts are made to be simulation protection areas, the rest rotating shafts (2) are pulled away, two lifting devices (3) corresponding to the sample loading boxes (1) at two sides of the simulation protection areas are operated, the two lifting devices (3) synchronously or non-synchronously descend to a set height respectively, the descending time periods of the two lifting devices are the same, the synchronous descending time periods of the two lifting devices correspond to the synchronous collapse of the two sides of the simulation protection areas, and the asynchronous descending time periods correspond to the asynchronous collapse of the two sides of the simulation protection areas.
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| CN201910807377.0A CN110411840B (en) | 2019-08-29 | 2019-08-29 | Test device and method for simulating tension fracture generated by goaf earth surface soil body |
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| CN114093238A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2022-02-25 | 神华神东煤炭集团有限责任公司 | Device and method for simulating and manufacturing surface mining fracture and application of device |
| CN112903454B (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2022-11-25 | 太原理工大学 | Horizontal goaf multi-row group column tensile strength testing device and method |
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