CN101900642A - Physical model test device and method for ground fissure earth tunnel - Google Patents
Physical model test device and method for ground fissure earth tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN101900642A CN101900642A CN 201010156366 CN201010156366A CN101900642A CN 101900642 A CN101900642 A CN 101900642A CN 201010156366 CN201010156366 CN 201010156366 CN 201010156366 A CN201010156366 A CN 201010156366A CN 101900642 A CN101900642 A CN 101900642A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a physical model test device for ground fissure earth tunnels comprising a model box in a model device. A footwall soil mass and a hanging wall soil mass are symmetrically arranged by a vertical shaft in the model box, a simulation ground fissure is arranged between the footwall soil mass and the hanging wall soil mass, a fixed bottom plate is installed below the footwall soil mass, and a hanging wall soil mass supporting plate in a sedimentation device is installed below the hanging wall soil mass; an air pressure sac is arranged among an upper cover, the footwall soil mass and the hanging wall soil mass; a tunnel portal is horizontally arranged on the cylindrical side wall of the model box, the axial line of the tunnel portal is perpendicular to the vertical shaft of the model box, the tunnel portal is internally provided with a model tunnel lining structure, and various sensors are arranged. The invention also discloses a physical model test method for the ground fissure earth tunnels. Tests of various schemes, such as ground fissure trend variation, variations of wall rock soil mass stratum structures and mechanical properties, variations of lining structural forms, sections and rigidities, and the like are realized by utilizing the device. The device and the method of the invention are simple and have good accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the Tunnel Engineering technical field, relate to a kind of ground fissure earth tunnel physical experiments device, the invention still further relates to a kind of ground fissure earth tunnel physical experiments method.
Background technology
In the construction of cavern's structures such as tunnel, often run into complex geological conditions, as ground fissure, goaf, solution cavity and cratering etc., especially based on the rift structure growth, excessive exploitation underground water is inducement and the ground fissure of formation and development, have a strong impact on the stability of tunnel lining structure, after being embodied in upper and lower dish stratum, ground fissure both sides the mutual changing of the relative positions taking place, tunnel lining structure is different with the sinking displacement of ground fissure soil at both sides in the stratum, may cause liner structure and country rock to come to nothing; Simultaneously, tunnel lining structure will produce extra-stress and additional deformation under the ground fissure activity, and excessive additional deformation may cause structure crack or yield failure; In addition, the soil mass crack of ground fissure Zona transformans is more, engineering properties is relatively poor, construction and run duration may cause foundation ditch hole wall or tunnel partial collapse, concentrated infiltration phenomenon along slit band also may appear, to cause loess saturated yielding distortion and non-uniform settling, the further destruction of aggravation tunnel lining structure, and underground water is infiltrated in the tunnel along the crack, influences the tunnel and normally runs.
The growth development of ground fissure makes the subway tunnel construction be faced with a unprecedented difficult problem, because the existence and the development of ground fissure have changed its boundary condition (comprising stress boundary condition, displacement boundary conditions and seepage flow boundary condition), the activity of ground fissure produces problem such as what kind of influence to subway tunnel lining structure and country rock proterties thereof need carry out further investigation, and the complicated just geotechnical engineering problems research of physical experiments a kind of important means commonly used.At present, the physical similarity simulation test device comprises two classes, the one, and the physical experiments under the acceleration of gravity condition, another kind of is the centrifugal physical experiments that can simulate true self-weight stress field.The former can simulate the prototype of big how much guides, helps simulating structures or underground structure, but is difficult to realize the simulation of prototype self-weight stress field; The latter can realize prototype gravity stress field stimulation, but how much guides of model are little, often are difficult to simulate structures or underground structure.Because the physical experiments under the acceleration of gravity condition remains a kind of important research approach, such model test apparatus mainly contains the areal model frame, turn model support and stereoscopic model frame etc.Areal model does not have lateral dimension, some tests relevant with lateral dimension can't be carried out modeling effort, and because the boundary condition of areal model has been done very big simplification, analog result often also exists than big-difference with actual conditions, is not suitable for being applied to exist the underground works Study on Problems under this complex geological condition of floor fissure strata.In general, the stereoscopic model frame boundary condition that is content with very little, but be difficult in model, carry out mining work and the model deep is moved, and laterally and aspects such as top-loaded, model internal stress, strain and displacement measurement all exist many difficulties.In addition, the test chamber of dress soil sample is generally open type or simple and easy closed, and its structural strength is lower, can not exert pressure to the model soil body of its inside.
In sum, the research of ground fissure earth tunnel physical experiments still belongs to blank at home and abroad, and existing stereoscopic model frame carries out the model test apparatus design of specific use not at the special geologic condition of floor fissure strata activity.Simultaneously, in view of physical experiments has intuitively, is convenient to measure analysis, variation that can Direct observation research object Mechanical Characters of Composite Ground, and obtain quantitative data, therefore, at the underground works problem under this complex geological condition of ground fissure activity, develop a kind of ground fissure earth tunnel physical experiments device, have theory and realistic meanings.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is, a kind of ground fissure earth tunnel physical experiments device is provided, solved the problem that existing stereoscopic model test unit simulated condition is single, the tunnel surrounding stress field simulation is unreasonable, the internal measurement error is bigger.
Another object of the present invention is, a kind of ground fissure earth tunnel physical experiments method is provided, and utilizes said apparatus, and simulation needing to obtain the related data of the floor fissure strata activity that detects.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is, a kind of ground fissure earth tunnel physical experiments device,
Comprise model equipment, sedimentation device and control device three parts, model equipment is by stent support, and the below of model equipment is provided with sedimentation device, and model equipment all is connected with control device with sedimentation device,
Described model equipment, comprise model casing, model casing dwindles according to the ratio of setting according to actual engineering to be made, model casing is empty in one, erect, columniform container, comprise loam cake, cylinder side wall and bottom parts, bottom parts is divided into fixed base plate and active open along diameter, be symmetrically arranged with the lower wall soil body and the last dish soil body with vertical shaft in the model casing, be provided with the simulation ground fissure between the last dish soil body and the lower wall soil body, the lower edge of simulation ground fissure is the intersection of model casing fixed base plate and active open, the below correspondence of the lower wall soil body is equipped with fixed base plate, on coil the soil body underside opening correspondence be equipped with and go up dish soil body supporting plate in the sedimentation device; Loam cake and on be provided with the air pressure capsule between the dish soil body and the lower wall soil body.
Another technical scheme of the present invention is, a kind of ground fissure earth tunnel physical experiments method comprises a kind of tunnel physical experiments device, and the structure of this device is,
Comprise model equipment, sedimentation device and control device three parts, model equipment is by stent support, and the below of model equipment is provided with sedimentation device, and model equipment all is connected with control device with sedimentation device,
Described model equipment, comprise model casing, model casing dwindles according to the ratio of setting according to actual engineering to be made, model casing is empty in one, erect, columniform container, comprise loam cake, cylinder side wall and bottom parts, bottom parts is divided into fixed base plate and active open along diameter, be symmetrically arranged with the lower wall soil body and the last dish soil body with vertical shaft in the model casing, be provided with the simulation ground fissure between the last dish soil body and the lower wall soil body, the lower edge of simulation ground fissure is the intersection of model casing fixed base plate and active open, the below correspondence of the lower wall soil body is equipped with fixed base plate, on coil the soil body underside opening correspondence be equipped with and go up dish soil body supporting plate in the sedimentation device; Loam cake and on be provided with the air pressure capsule between the dish soil body and the lower wall soil body;
Cylinder side wall level at model casing has four road tunnel portals, be a-a hole axle, b-b hole axle, c-c hole axle and d-d hole axle, the hole axis of each tunnel portal is vertical with the vertical shaft of model casing, and the hole axis of four road tunnel portals is respectively 90 °, 60 °, 30 ° and 45 ° with the angle of simulation ground fissure facade, the diameter of four road tunnel portals is consistent with model tunnel lining structure diameter, be used for pre-buried model tunnel lining structure, between the cylinder side wall at two ends, used hole, fix a horizontal reference beam, on the horizontal reference beam, displacement meter is installed;
Described air pressure capsule is connected with pneumatic circuit, and pneumatic circuit comprises that snorkel, pressure regulator valve, tensimeter, safety valve and pneumatic supply constitute, and pressure regulator valve is connected with control device;
The structure of described sedimentation device is, comprises hydraulic cylinder, and the piston rod outer end of hydraulic cylinder is connected with last dish soil body supporting plate, on coil the soil body supporting plate displacement transducer be installed, hydraulic cylinder is by servo-valve and oil inlet pipe, flowline UNICOM, servo-valve is connected with control device;
This method is specifically implemented according to following steps:
Step 1, at the requirement that needs ground fissure to become 90 °, 60 °, 30 ° or 45 degree to intersect with the model tunnel lining structure, at its corresponding tunnel portal, it is a-a hole axle, b-b hole axle, c-c hole axle or axle place, the d-d hole model tunnel lining structure of packing into, horizontal reference beam and displacement meter are installed, all the other holes of shutoff, the lower end of displacement meter is connected with the lower end of model tunnel lining structure, this displacement meter can be free to slide on the horizontal reference beam, changes with the sedimentation with respect to the horizontal reference beam of the model tunnel lining structure of measuring the diverse location place; At this model tunnel lining structure top, bottom and the sidewall outside also is equipped with a plurality of pressure gauges, with the variation of the country rock soil pressure of measure analog ground fissure activity drag tunnel lining structure;
Step 4, control device obtain the sedimentation changing value of the model tunnel lining structure at diverse location place with respect to the horizontal reference beam by displacement meter; Obtain simulating the changing value of the country rock soil pressure of ground fissure activity drag tunnel lining structure by a plurality of pressure gauges; Collect the dish soil body numerical value of dislocation downwards by displacement transducer.
Ground fissure earth tunnel physical experiments device of the present invention is applicable to the floor fissure strata tunnel model investigation, can carry out the experimental study of various working, and is simple in structure, easy to operate, pressure stability, and data are reliable, safety economy.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the facade structures synoptic diagram of ground fissure earth tunnel physical experiments device of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the plan structure synoptic diagram of four hole axles being provided with in apparatus of the present invention model casing;
Fig. 3 is the sedimentation device structural representation in apparatus of the present invention.
Among the figure, 1. oil inlet pipe; 2. flowline; 3. displacement transducer; 4. model casing; 5. go up the dish soil body; 6. displacement meter; 7.a-a hole axle; 8.b-b hole axle; 9.c-c hole axle; 10.d-d hole axle; 11. horizontal reference beam; 12. model tunnel lining structure; 13. pressure gauge; 14. loam cake; 15. air pressure capsule; 16. snorkel; 17. sidewall; 18. ground fissure; 19. the lower wall soil body; 20. O-ring seal; 21. last dish soil body supporting plate; 22. piston rod; 23. sedimentation device; 24. hydraulic valve; 25. hydraulic cylinder; 26. control device, 27. fixed base plates, 28. supports.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
With reference to Fig. 1, ground fissure earth tunnel physical experiments device of the present invention, its structure is, comprise model equipment, sedimentation device and control device three parts composition, model equipment supports by support 28, the below of model equipment is provided with sedimentation device 23, is provided with various sensors and electric component among model equipment and the sedimentation device 23, all is connected with control device.
Model casing 4 in the model equipment, dwindle according to the ratio of setting according to actual engineering and to make, model casing 4 is empty in one, erect, cylindrical shape, closed container, by loam cake 14, cylinder side wall, bottom parts constitutes, bottom parts is divided into fixed base plate 27 and active open along diameter, be symmetrically arranged with the lower wall soil body 19 and the last dish soil body 5 with vertical shaft in the model casing 4, the below correspondence of the lower wall soil body 19 is equipped with fixed base plate 27, the underside opening correspondence of the last dish soil body 5 is equipped with dish soil body supporting plate 21, be provided with simulation ground fissure 18 between the last dish soil body 5 and the lower wall soil body 19, in process is banketed in test by dividing plate will on the dish soil body 5 and the lower wall soil body 19 separate, treat to take dividing plate away after the soil at both sides compacting, promptly form described simulation ground fissure 18, the lower edge of simulation ground fissure 18 is the intersection of model casing 4 fixed base plates 27 and active open; Loam cake 14 and on be provided with air pressure capsule 15 between the dish soil body 5 and the lower wall soil body 19, air pressure capsule 15 is connected with external pressure regulator valve, tensimeter, safety valve and pneumatic supply by snorkel 16, pressure regulator valve is connected with control device 26, change the charge pressure of air pressure capsule 15, can simulate the pressure of the different buried depth tunnel surrounding soil body.
As Fig. 2, cylinder side wall level at model casing 4 has four road tunnel portals, be a-a hole axle 7, b-b hole axle 8, c-c hole axle 9 and d-d hole axle 10, the hole axis of each tunnel portal is vertical with the vertical shaft of model casing 4, and the hole axis of four road tunnel portals is respectively 90 °, 60 °, 30 ° and 45 ° with the angle of simulation ground fissure 18 facades, the diameter of four road tunnel portals is consistent with model tunnel lining structure 12 diameters, is used for pre-buried model tunnel lining structure 12.In concrete test simulation process, when needs ground fissure 18 intersects at an angle with model tunnel lining structure 12, at its corresponding tunnel portal (being a-a hole axle 7, b-b hole axle 8, c-c hole axle 9 or d-d hole axle 10) model tunnel lining structure 12 of locating to pack into, all the other holes of shutoff; Between the cylinder side wall at two ends, used hole, fix simultaneously a horizontal reference beam 11, displacement meter 6 is installed on horizontal reference beam 11, the lower end of displacement meter 6 is connected with the lower end of model tunnel lining structure 12, this displacement meter 6 can be free to slide on horizontal reference beam 11, changes with the sedimentation with respect to horizontal reference beam 11 of the model tunnel lining structure 12 of measuring the diverse location place; At each model tunnel lining structure 12 top, bottom and the sidewall outside also is equipped with a plurality of pressure gauges 13, with the variation of the country rock soil pressure of measure analog ground fissure 18 movable drag tunnel lining structures 12.
The lower surface of the last dish soil body 5 is placed on the dish soil body supporting plate 21, last dish soil body supporting plate 21 is semicircular steel plate structure movable up and down, the top surface area of last dish soil body supporting plate 21 is half of model casing 4 base plates, and diameter edge overlaps with simulation ground fissure 18, to support the dish soil body 5; Court is provided with O-ring seal 20 around the last dish soil body supporting plate 21.
As Fig. 3, sedimentation device 23 is installed in going up of model casing 4 and coils the soil body 5 belows, comprise hydraulic cylinder 25, piston rod 22 outer ends of hydraulic cylinder 25 are connected with last dish soil body supporting plate 21, last dish soil body supporting plate 21 is used to support the dish soil body 5, on coil soil body supporting plate 21 displacement transducer 3 be installed, be used to detect the upper and lower displacement amount of coiling soil body supporting plate 21, hydraulic cylinder 25 is by servo-valve 24 and oil inlet pipe 1, flowline 2 UNICOMs, and servo-valve 24 is connected with control device 26.
Going up between dish soil body supporting plate 21 and the hydraulic cylinder 25 of sedimentation device 23 is provided with displacement transducer 3, and displacement transducer 3, displacement meter 6, pressure gauge 13 all are connected with control device 26, gather the data of corresponding position separately.Control device 26 is input into, exports hydraulic oil by control servo-valve 24 in hydraulic cylinder 25, with driven plunger jacking or decline, and pass through piston rod 22 drives and go up dish soil body supporting plate 21 and upward coil the soil body 5 activities.
Ground fissure earth tunnel physical experiments device of the present invention, the dielectric materials such as the soil body of can packing into as requested in its model casing, the model tunnel lining structure is embedded within the soil body in the model casing, by the air pressure capsule under the model casing loam cake the inner soil body is pressurizeed, thereby simulated the surrouding rock stress field under the different buried depth condition, default simultaneously ground fissure separates the lower wall soil body, coil the downward changing of the relative positions of the soil body by feasible the going up of the sedimentation device of model casing bottom, can simulate respectively with respect to tunnel axis and become 30 °, 45 °, 60 ° of obliques or 90 ° of activities in crack orthogonally can be simulated under the different angle ground fissure activity conditions actual loading and the deformation state in tunnel in the different buried depth.
Ground fissure earth tunnel physical simulation assay method of the present invention utilizes said apparatus, implements according to following steps:
Step 1, at 12 one-tenth 90 ° of needs ground fissure 18 and model tunnel lining structures, 60 °, 30 ° or the crossing requirement of 45 degree, at its corresponding tunnel portal, it is a-a hole axle 7, b-b hole axle 8, c-c hole axle 9 or the d-d hole axle 10 places model tunnel lining structure 12 of packing into, horizontal reference beam 11 and displacement meter 6 are installed, all the other holes of shutoff, the lower end of displacement meter 6 is connected with the lower end of model tunnel lining structure 12, this displacement meter 6 can be free to slide on horizontal reference beam 11, changes with the sedimentation with respect to horizontal reference beam 11 of the model tunnel lining structure 12 of measuring the diverse location place; At these model tunnel lining structure 12 tops, bottom and the sidewall outside also is equipped with a plurality of pressure gauges 13, with the variation of the country rock soil pressure of measure analog ground fissure 18 movable drag tunnel lining structures 12;
Step 4, control device 26 obtain the sedimentation changing value of the model tunnel lining structure 12 at diverse location place with respect to horizontal reference beam 11 by displacement meter 6; Obtain simulating the changing value of the country rock soil pressure of ground fissure 18 movable drag tunnel lining structures 12 by a plurality of pressure gauges 13; Collect the dish soil body 5 numerical value of dislocation downwards by displacement transducer 3.
Ground fissure earth tunnel physical experiments device of the present invention, physical length and ground fissure coverage according to institute's simulation tunnel section, model casing adopts the cylindrical structure of certain how much guides, the stress condition of model casing sidewall limited model soil body lateral confinement shift simulation horizontal field, additional air pressure capsule applies additonal pressure simulation tunnel country rock soil body actual stress field, dish stratum settlement development of deformation on the mobile lifting box plate simulation ground fissure place, the model tunnel axis passes through ground fissure with the different angle of cut simulation actual tunnel obliques of ground fissure trend, changes model tunnel cross-section shape, liner structure rigidity can be simulated the engineering shape of different actual tunnel liner structures with movement joint setting.
Model test apparatus of the present invention is applicable to the floor fissure strata tunnel model investigation, having the ground fissure of realization moves towards to change, country rock soil body stratal configuration and change in mechanics, the test condition of various schemes such as liner structure form, section and stiffness variation can carry out the experimental study of various working, and is simple in structure, easy to operate, pressure stability, data are reliable, safety economy.
Claims (9)
1. ground fissure earth tunnel physical experiments device, it is characterized in that, comprise model equipment, sedimentation device and control device three parts, model equipment supports by support (28), the below of model equipment is provided with sedimentation device (23), model equipment all is connected with control device (26) with sedimentation device (23)
Described model equipment, comprise model casing (4), model casing (4) dwindles according to the ratio of setting according to actual engineering to be made, model casing (4) is empty in one, erect, columniform container, comprise loam cake (14), cylinder side wall (17) and bottom parts, bottom parts is divided into fixed base plate (27) and active open along diameter, be symmetrically arranged with the lower wall soil body (19) and the last dish soil body (5) with vertical shaft in the model casing (4), be provided with simulation ground fissure (18) between the last dish soil body (5) and the lower wall soil body (19), the lower edge of simulation ground fissure (18) is the intersection of model casing (4) fixed base plate (27) and active open, the below correspondence of the lower wall soil body (19) is equipped with fixed base plate (27), on coil the soil body (5) underside opening correspondence be equipped with and go up dish soil body supporting plate (21) in the sedimentation device (23); Between loam cake (14) and the last dish soil body (5) and the lower wall soil body (19), be provided with air pressure capsule (15).
2. tunnel according to claim 1 physical experiments device, it is characterized in that, the cylinder side wall level of described model casing (4) has a tunnel portal, the hole axis of this tunnel portal is vertical with the vertical shaft of model casing (4), one model tunnel lining structure (12) is arranged in this tunnel portal, the diameter of this tunnel portal is consistent with model tunnel lining structure (12) diameter, is fixed with a horizontal reference beam (11) between the cylinder side wall at two ends, hole.
3. tunnel according to claim 2 physical experiments device, it is characterized in that, described tunnel portal is provided with four, the hole axis is respectively a-a hole axle (7), b-b hole axle (8), c-c hole axle (9) and d-d hole axle (10), and the hole axis of each tunnel portal is respectively 90 °, 60 °, 30 ° and 45 ° with the angle of simulation ground fissure (18) facade.
4. according to claim 2 or 3 described tunnel physical experiments devices, it is characterized in that, displacement meter (6) is installed on the described horizontal reference beam (11), the lower end of displacement meter (6) is connected with the lower end of model tunnel lining structure (12), and this displacement meter (6) can be free to slide on horizontal reference beam (11); At each model tunnel lining structure (12) top, bottom and the sidewall outside also is equipped with a plurality of pressure gauges (13).
5. according to claim 2 or 3 described tunnel physical experiments devices, it is characterized in that, described air pressure capsule (15) is connected with pressure regulator valve, tensimeter, safety valve and pneumatic supply successively by snorkel (16), and pressure regulator valve is connected with control device (26), realizes control automatically.
6. according to claim 2 or 3 described tunnel physical experiments devices, it is characterized in that, the structure of described sedimentation device (23) is, comprise hydraulic cylinder (25), piston rod (22) outer end of hydraulic cylinder (25) is connected with last dish soil body supporting plate (21), last dish soil body supporting plate (21) is equipped with displacement transducer (3), and hydraulic cylinder (25) is by servo-valve (24) and oil inlet pipe (1), flowline (2) UNICOM, and servo-valve (24) is connected with control device (26).
7. ground fissure earth tunnel physical experiments method, it is characterized in that, comprise a kind of tunnel physical experiments device, the structure of this device is, comprise model equipment, sedimentation device and control device three parts, model equipment supports by support (28), and the below of model equipment is provided with sedimentation device (23), model equipment all is connected with control device (26) with sedimentation device (23)
Described model equipment, comprise model casing (4), model casing (4) dwindles according to the ratio of setting according to actual engineering to be made, model casing (4) is empty in one, erect, columniform container, comprise loam cake (14), cylinder side wall (17) and bottom parts, bottom parts is divided into fixed base plate (27) and active open along diameter, be symmetrically arranged with the lower wall soil body (19) and the last dish soil body (5) with vertical shaft in the model casing (4), be provided with simulation ground fissure (18) between the last dish soil body (5) and the lower wall soil body (19), the lower edge of simulation ground fissure (18) is the intersection of model casing (4) fixed base plate (27) and active open, the below correspondence of the lower wall soil body (19) is equipped with fixed base plate (27), on coil the soil body (5) underside opening correspondence be equipped with and go up dish soil body supporting plate (21) in the sedimentation device (23); Between loam cake (14) and the last dish soil body (5) and the lower wall soil body (19), be provided with air pressure capsule (15);
Cylinder side wall level at model casing (4) has four road tunnel portals, it is a-a hole axle (7), b-b hole axle (8), c-c hole axle (9) and d-d hole axle (10), the hole axis of each tunnel portal is vertical with the vertical shaft of model casing (4), and the hole axis of four road tunnel portals is respectively 90 ° with the angle of simulation ground fissure (18) facade, 60 °, 30 ° and 45 °, the diameter of four road tunnel portals is consistent with model tunnel lining structure (12) diameter, be used for pre-buried model tunnel lining structure (12), between the cylinder side wall at two ends, used hole, fix a horizontal reference beam (11), displacement meter (6) is installed on horizontal reference beam (11);
This method is utilized said apparatus, specifically implements according to following steps:
Step 1, become 90 ° at needs ground fissure (18) with model tunnel lining structure (12), 60 °, 30 ° or the crossing requirement of 45 degree, at its corresponding tunnel portal, it is a-a hole axle (7), b-b hole axle (8), c-c hole axle (9) or d-d hole axle (10) the model tunnel lining structure (12) of locating to pack into, horizontal reference beam (11) and displacement meter (6) are installed, all the other holes of shutoff, the lower end of displacement meter (6) is connected with the lower end of model tunnel lining structure (12), this displacement meter (6) can be free to slide on horizontal reference beam (11), changes with the sedimentation with respect to horizontal reference beam (11) of the model tunnel lining structure (12) of measuring the diverse location place; At this model tunnel lining structure (12) top, bottom and the sidewall outside also is equipped with a plurality of pressure gauges (13), with the variation of the country rock soil pressure of the movable drag tunnel lining structure of measure analog ground fissure (18) (12);
Step 2, according to the geological state of the simulation ground fissure (18) that is provided with, simulate the surrouding rock stress field under the buried depth condition as required, charge into air pressure for air pressure capsule (15) by control device (26) by pneumatic circuit;
Step 3, according to the magnitude of misalignment of the simulation ground fissure (18) that is provided with, by control device (26) control sedimentation device (23) work, drive piston rod (22) moves down, the last dish soil body (5) downward sedimentation under the effect of deadweight and air pressure capsule (15), on coil that to produce dislocation downwards between the soil body (5) and the ground fissure (18) mobile;
Step 4, control device (26) obtain the sedimentation changing value of the model tunnel lining structure (12) at diverse location place with respect to horizontal reference beam (11) by displacement meter (6); Obtain simulating the changing value of the country rock soil pressure of the movable drag tunnel lining structure of ground fissure (18) (12) by a plurality of pressure gauges (13); Collect the dish soil body (5) numerical value of dislocation downwards by displacement transducer (3).
8. ground fissure earth tunnel physical experiments method according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, described air pressure capsule (15) is connected with pneumatic circuit, pneumatic circuit comprises that snorkel (16), pressure regulator valve, tensimeter, safety valve and pneumatic supply constitute, and pressure regulator valve is connected with control device (26).
9. ground fissure earth tunnel physical experiments method according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, the structure of described sedimentation device (23) is, comprise hydraulic cylinder (25), piston rod (22) outer end of hydraulic cylinder (25) is connected with last dish soil body supporting plate (21), last dish soil body supporting plate (21) is equipped with displacement transducer (3), and hydraulic cylinder (25) is by servo-valve (24) and oil inlet pipe (1), flowline (2) UNICOM, and servo-valve (24) is connected with control device (26).
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