CN110411840A - Simulate experimental rig and method that the earth's surface soil body in goaf generates tension crack - Google Patents
Simulate experimental rig and method that the earth's surface soil body in goaf generates tension crack Download PDFInfo
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- CN110411840A CN110411840A CN201910807377.0A CN201910807377A CN110411840A CN 110411840 A CN110411840 A CN 110411840A CN 201910807377 A CN201910807377 A CN 201910807377A CN 110411840 A CN110411840 A CN 110411840A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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Abstract
The invention discloses experimental rigs and method that a kind of simulation goaf earth's surface soil body generates tension crack.Its device is related to a kind of physical analog test apparatus.Device includes bracket and position lifting mobile system, the bracket is specially the rectangular-shape cavity structure of top surface missing, it is equipped with multiple parallel in the bracket and fills sample box by the tactic concave of support level extending direction, adjacent dress sample cassette bottom end is hinged without shaft is passed through between the edge of vertical wall, the dress sample collection box of the rectangular-shape cavity structure of top surface and the two vertical planes missing vertical with support level extending direction is constituted after all dress sample box connections, is provided with the hoisting system that it can be driven to pump in the bracket immediately below each dress sample box.The present invention provides a kind of analogy methods that minery earth's surface tension crack forming process is carried out using above-mentioned apparatus simultaneously；The present invention can effectively simulate development and the evolution process that the goaf earth's surface soil body generates tension crack.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of experimental rigs, and in particular to earth's surface generates tension crack and carries out after a kind of pair of gob collapse
Simulation test device.
Background technique
With the lasting exploitation of the various mineral resources in China underground, lead to top covering rockmass inbreak, land subsidence, forms depression
Hillside fields, and a large amount of tension cracks, the geological environments such as the soil erosion as caused by tension crack, building damage are generated in earth's surface
Problem has been to be concerned by more and more people.But due to being influenced by factors, the growth course and rule in tension crack are existing
Field is difficult to be observed, measure, and especially drawing crack process is difficult to observe to inside soil body root system of plant degree of injury.Therefore pass through interior
Tension crack simulator carries out simulation test to different types of soil sample, thus intuitively to the growth course in tension crack
And feature is observed, records, and is intuitively observed vegetation root system damage process and form, degree tension crack, is
It is in demand.
Earth's surface soil body environment has larger impact to the development in tension crack.When Plain or hilly country, earth's surface has centainly
Thickness table clay distribution, surface subsidence show as the different stretcher strain of degree.In Arid&semi-arid area, or in other areas
Non- rainy season, the soil body shows as that intensity is high, the brittle deformation based on easy fracture because moisture content is lower；And in rainy season, soil
Body may show as being plastically deformed because of moisture content height.
The frictional force that the root system of plant being distributed in the soil body provides during soil deformation produces into anchorage effect and adds
Muscle effect has retardation to soil-body landslide deformation.Conversely, the drawing crack deformation of the soil body generates certain damage to vegetation root system again
Wound is destroyed, and is understood damage type and degree of the root system of plant during drawing crack and is had very important significance to vegetation growth.
Tension crack disclosed by the invention simulator, by being packed into different water cut, different type and containing different plants
The soil sample of object root system substitute, by change tensile stress environment, can intuitively observe soil sample tension cranny development process, rule and
Influence to vegetation root system damage.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of simulation goaf earth's surface soil bodys to generate drawing
The experimental rig and method of separation fracture are split with solving earth's surface soil body tension after can not effectively simulating gob collapse in the prior art
Gap influence such as is difficult to judge at the technical problems.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
The present invention provides the experimental rig that a kind of simulation goaf earth's surface soil body generates tension crack, including bracket, institutes
State the rectangular-shape cavity structure that bracket is specially top surface missing, the inner chamber equipped with the setting of multiple horizontal parallels in the bracket
The concave of body connection fills sample box, and adjacent dress sample box closes on hinged by shaft between bottom end bracket immediately below each dress sample box
It is inside provided with the lifting device that it can be driven to pump, the both ends of each shaft are each passed through to be faced with it
Close rack side wall is arranged in stent outer.
Further, the integral structure that the dress sample box is specifically made of a level board and two vertical plates, two vertical
Plate connects and composes concave structure with level board respectively about its two sides and bottom end is symmetricly set at level board center.
Further, baffle there are two also setting up, all dress sample box one top surfaces of composition and two opposite vertical planes missings
Sample collection box is filled, two baffles are respectively and fixedly installed on the position of two vertical planes lacked in dress sample collection box, enable dress sample collection box structure
At the rectangular-shape cavity structure that only top surface lacks, and two baffles are structure as a whole with corresponding dress sample box respectively.
Further, the underfill of the dress sample collection box inner cavity has the soil body being made of soil sample and root system of plant.
Further, the bracket, level board, vertical plate and baffle are made of transparent plastic.
Further, when dress sample box is lifted to highest point by corresponding lifting device, the dress sample box lower horizontal absolute altitude is low
In the horizontal absolute altitude of cantilever tip.
Tension crack process is generated using the above-mentioned experimental rig simulation goaf earth's surface soil body the present invention also provides a kind of
Analogy method, method includes the following steps:
Step 1 connects composition by shaft after all dress sample box is put into bracket and fills sample collection box, and shaft
Both ends are each provided at the outside of bracket；
Step 2 fills the soil body in dress sample collection box intracavity bottom and waits soil stabilization；
Step 3, when need to simulate goaf earth's surface Study on Soil Collapse generate tension crack developmental state when:
All shafts are detached first, and then either end corresponds to lifting device 3 and carries out slowly in operation dress sample collection box both ends
Downlink observes the corresponding dress sample box in the end and and its developmental state for closing on dress sample box junction soil body generation tension crack.
Further, this method further include:
When needing to simulate the developmental state in step-by-step movement subsidence area generation tension crack:
All shafts are detached first, and choosing any one in two lifting devices in end is starting point, another
A is end, according to the direction by starting point to end, sequentially operates all lifting devices it is enabled to come downwards to respectively and set
Fixed height, in two neighboring lifting device one come downwards to setting height after, another starts downlink after time interval T, often
The elemental height of a lifting device, downlink height and downlink used time are all the same, observe the development feelings in tension crack in whole process
Condition.
Further, this method further include:
When needing to simulate in goaf, there are when tension fractured situation in surface subsidence area when support construction:
Optional one shaft in non-end regions is simulation support construction, detaches remaining shaft, and simultaneously operating should
The lifting device that shaft is two carries out downlink, and comes downwards to setting height, observes the developmental state in tension crack in whole process.
Further, this method further include:
When need to simulate non-collapsed protection zone periphery collapse region to generate tension crack influence situation when:
Shaft that is optionally two adjacent and being in non-end regions enables dress sample box between the two for simulation protection zone,
Remaining shaft is detached, operation simulation protection zone two sides fill corresponding two lifting devices of sample box, and two lifting devices are synchronous or non-
DL synchronization comes downwards to setting height respectively, and the two downlink duration is identical, when DL synchronization, corresponding observation simulation protection zone two
Side synchronizes the tension fractured situation collapsed, and when asynchronous downlink, corresponding observation simulation protection zone two sides are asynchronous to be collapsed
Tension fractured situation.
The present invention has the advantage that the present invention provides a kind of generations of simulation goaf earth's surface soil body compared with prior art
The experimental rig and method in tension crack, device structure is simple, by being laid in sampling set box by soil and root system of plant structure
At the soil body, after being then placed on lifting device, by adjusting different lifting devices, corresponding dress sample box can carry out difference
The lifting of degree or whereabouts, so that drop is generated between dress sample box adjacent thereto, to can produce accordingly in the two junction
Tension crack, thus realize simulation the soil body generate tension crack purpose, to the growth course in clear tension crack, to plant
The influence of object root system all has directive function；By plugging corresponding shaft, can effectively clear different affecting factors to earth's surface
The mechanism of action of soil body tension cranny development；It, can effectively clear step-by-step movement goaf by sequentially going up and down corresponding dress sample box
The developmental state and feature in table tension crack；The how middle situation simulation that goaf surface soil generates tension crack is realized, is had
The research for helping tension crack promotes.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 be in embodiment it is a kind of simulation the goaf earth's surface soil body generate tension crack experimental rig internal structure master show
It is intended to；
Fig. 2 is a kind of external structure master of the experimental rig in simulation goaf earth's surface soil body generation tension crack in embodiment
View；
Fig. 3 is the top view that sample collection box is filled in embodiment.
In figure: 1, filling sample box；2, shaft；3, lifting device；4, bracket；5, the soil body；6, handle；7, support construction.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Please refer to Fig. 1-3, a kind of experimental rig in simulation goaf earth's surface soil body generation tension crack in the present embodiment, packet
Bracket 4 is included, bracket 4 is specially the rectangular-shape cavity structure of top surface missing, is equipped with multiple parallel in bracket 4 and presses 4 water of bracket
The flat tactic concave of extending direction fills sample box 1；
Particularly, the integral structure that dress sample box 1 is specifically made of a level board and two vertical plates in the present embodiment,
Two vertical plates are about symmetrical at level board center and be fixedly mounted on the setting at the top of it and constitute concave structure；
Adjacent dress 1 bottom end of sample box without between the edge of vertical wall pass through shaft 2 (do not pacify in i.e. two neighboring level board hingedly
It is hinged by shaft 2 between edge equipped with vertical plate), all dress sample boxes 1 constitute top surface and prolong with 4 level of bracket after connecting
Stretch the dress sample collection box of the rectangular-shape cavity structure of the vertical two vertical planes missing in direction；
Particularly, it also sets up in the present embodiment there are two baffle, each baffle is respectively and fixedly installed in dress sample collection box
On the position of two vertical planes of missing, dress sample collection box is enabled to constitute the rectangular-shape cavity structure of only top surface missing, and two baffles point
It is not structure as a whole with corresponding dress sample box 1；
It is separately installed with a baffle on the corresponding dress sample box in dress sample collection box both ends, two top surfaces is constituted and one vertical
The rectangular-shape cavity structure of face missing, i.e. two ends fill sample box, the equal court in side of two end dress sample box missing vertical planes
To each other, in dress sample box 1 between the two then without two vertical planes and a top surface；
The lifting that it can be driven to pump is provided in bracket 4 immediately below each dress sample box 1
Device 3, the both ends of each shaft 2 are each passed through or are erected on adjacent 4 side wall of bracket.
Particularly, in the present embodiment, filling underfill in sample collection box has the soil body 5 being made of soil sample and root system of plant.
Preferably, in the present embodiment, for the ease of the situation of change in observation dress sample collection box, bracket 4, is erected level board
Straight panel and baffle are made of transparent plastic.
Preferably, dress sample box 1 is at least three, and particularly, filling sample box 1 in the present embodiment is four (referring to Fig. 1-3).
Preferably, particularly, in order to realize 4 pairs of bracket dress sample collection box effective limits so that its only can uplink and downlink, if
It is equipped with when dress sample box 1 is lifted to highest point by corresponding lifting device 3, which pushes up lower than bracket 4
The horizontal absolute altitude at end.
Preferably, in the present embodiment, lifting device 3 is specially linear air cylinder.
Preferably, in the present embodiment, sample collection box is filled for the ease of mobile, is mounted on one on the outer wall of two baffles
Handle 6.
Preferably, in the present embodiment, in order to avoid each dress sample box 1 is detached from corresponding lifting dress during test
3 are set to disequilibrium, each lifting device 3 is enabled to connect by a support construction 7 with corresponding dress sample box 1.
By above-mentioned setting, support construction 7 can effectively support corresponding dress sample box 1.
Preferably, it is additionally provided with controller (not showing that in the accompanying drawings) in the present embodiment, controller is minitype single-chip
The drawbacks of machine is separately connected with each lifting device 3, is realized the accurate control to it, is avoided manual operation, improves operation
Precision and test accuracy.
Embodiment 2
The present invention also provides the methods for carrying out the simulation of tension crack using claim 1 described device, specifically are as follows:
All dress sample boxes 1 are connected by shaft 2 first；
1) when needing to simulate goaf earth's surface Study on Soil Collapse, bottom is laid with by soil and root system of plant in dress sample collection box
The soil body 5 of composition, then by handle 6 will fill sample collection box be put into bracket 4 and by multiple lifting devices 3 set up (or will
Dress sample box 1 is directly placed into bracket 4, and is supported by lifting device 3, then corresponding perforation is passed through using shaft 2, so that phase
Neighbour's dress sample box 1 connects, and then refills the soil body 5)；
After the soil body 5 is stablized, all shafts 2 are detached, enable the independent uplink and downlink of each dress sample box 1；
Then control is declined in outermost lifting device 3, and corresponding dress sample box 1 synchronizes under gravity
Under, others dress sample box 1 is failure to actuate, because being supported so that generating between the dress sample box 1 and neighbouring dress sample box 1 of decline
Difference in height, and then corresponding tension crack is generated, the development degree in tension crack when observation declines different height.
2) when needing to observe the influence of support constructions such as tunnel in goaf to ground surface soil body tension cranny development:
After the soil body 5 is stablized in dress sample collection box, chooses a shaft 2 in middle part and retain, remaining is extracted out, then
The lifting device 3 for not extracting 2 two sides of shaft out is declined, corresponding two dress samples box 1 generates downlink trend, but by not
Extract out shaft 2 influence (be equivalent to the support constructions such as tunnel and projection support carried out to its earth's surface so that do not decline at support,
The decline of outside stress), the inclined downlink trend of the two, and then tension crack can be generated to the soil body 5 right above shaft 2,
The development degree in tension crack when observing different downstream positions.
3) when needing observational study step-by-step movement subsidence area to generate the developmental state in tension crack (because of the exploitation situation in mining area
Mostly step-by-step movement is exploited, and corresponding goaf, which is mostly used, carries out caving according to equivalent interval, and corresponding subsidence area then shows
Collapsed to be step-type):
Its operational circumstances with it is 1) similar, i.e., after extracting all shaft 2 out, be in outermost lifting device 3 by one
Start to be declined, the sequence of constant duration operates lifting device 3, each 1 downgoing time of dress sample box, downlink height, initially
It is highly all the same, adjacent 1 sequence downgoing time interval of dress sample box it is equal (thus when accurately simulation step-by-step movement collapses, the earth's surface soil body
The developmental state in tension crack) so that dress 1 sequence downlink of sample box, observes the tension fractured situation in whole process.
4) when needing to observe the case where protection zone periphery subsidence area corresponds to periphery generation tension crack:
Shaft 2 that is optionally two adjacent and being in non-end regions, enables dress sample box 1 between the two for simulation protection
Area detaches remaining shaft 2, and operation simulation protection zone two sides fill 1 corresponding two lifting device 3 of sample box, and two lifting devices 3 are same
Step or asynchronous downlink, come downwards to setting height respectively, and the two downlink duration is identical, and when DL synchronization, corresponding observation simulation is protected
The two sides Hu Qu synchronize the tension fractured situation collapsed, and when asynchronous downlink, corresponding observation simulation protection zone two sides are asynchronous
The tension fractured situation collapsed.
5) 1-4 is carried out when needing to observe different water cut, different type and soil sample containing different root system of plant substitutes
When the observation of different situations, only it need to prepare and replace the corresponding soil body 5.
As shown in the above, the goaf earth's surface soil body can be effectively simulated the present invention provides one kind generate tension crack
Simulator and method, by above-mentioned apparatus and method can the effective different tension fractured situation of simulation, realize
Effective simulation in tension crack has directive function for research goaf earth's surface tension cranny development；
Equipment overall structure is simple, easy to operate, is easy to implement test objective, and manufacturing cost is low, helps to promote and make
With.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of simulation goaf earth's surface soil body generates the experimental rig in tension crack, device includes bracket (4), and feature exists
In the bracket (4) is specially the rectangular-shape cavity structure of top surface missing, is equipped with multiple horizontal parallels in the bracket (4)
The concave of the internal cavity connection of setting fills sample box (1), and adjacent dress sample box (1), which is closed between bottom end, passes through shaft (2) hingedly, often
The lifting device that it can be driven to pump is provided in bracket (4) immediately below a dress sample box (1)
(3), the both ends of each shaft (2) are each passed through adjacent bracket (4) side wall and are arranged in stent outer.
2. a kind of simulation goaf earth's surface soil body according to claim 1 generates the experimental rig in tension crack, feature
It is, the integral structure that dress sample box (1) is specifically made of a level board and two vertical plates, two vertical plates are about water
It is symmetricly set on its two sides at plate center and bottom end connects and composes concave structure with level board respectively.
3. a kind of simulation goaf earth's surface soil body according to claim 2 generates the experimental rig in tension crack, feature
It is, also sets up there are two baffle, all dress sample boxes (1) constitutes the dress sample collection of a top surface and two opposite vertical plane missings
Box, two baffles are respectively and fixedly installed on the position of two vertical planes lacked in dress sample collection box, and dress sample collection box composition is enabled only to push up
The rectangular-shape cavity structure of face missing, and two baffles are structure as a whole with corresponding dress sample box (1) respectively.
4. a kind of simulation goaf earth's surface soil body according to claim 3 generates the experimental rig in tension crack, feature
It is, the soil body (5) that the underfill of the dress sample collection box inner cavity is made of soil sample and root system of plant.
5. a kind of simulation goaf earth's surface soil body according to claim 4 generates the experimental rig in tension crack, feature
It is, the bracket (4), level board, vertical plate and baffle are made of transparent plastic.
6. a kind of simulation goaf earth's surface soil body according to claim 5 generates the experimental rig in tension crack, feature
It is, when dress sample box (1) is lifted to highest point by corresponding lifting device (3), which is lower than
The horizontal absolute altitude on bracket (4) top.
7. a kind of simulation for generating tension crack process using the experimental rig simulation goaf earth's surface soil body as claimed in claim 6
Method, which is characterized in that method includes the following steps:
Step 1, by all dress sample boxes (1) be put into bracket (4) after by shaft (2) connect composition dress sample collection box, and
The both ends of shaft (2) are each provided at the outside of bracket (4)；
Step 2 fills the soil body (5) in dress sample collection box intracavity bottom and the soil body (5) is waited to stablize；
Step 3, when need to simulate goaf earth's surface Study on Soil Collapse generate tension crack developmental state when:
Detach all shafts (2) first, then in operation dress sample collection box both ends either end correspond to lifting device 3 carry out it is slow under
Row observes corresponding dress sample box (1) in the end and and its development for closing on dress sample box (1) the junction soil body (5) generation tension crack
Situation.
8. analogy method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that this method further include:
When needing to simulate the developmental state in step-by-step movement subsidence area generation tension crack:
It detaches first all shafts (2), choosing any one in two lifting devices (3) in end is starting point, separately
One is end, according to the direction by starting point to end, sequentially operates all lifting devices (3) and it is enabled to distinguish downlink
To setting height, in two neighboring lifting device (3) one come downwards to setting height after, another starts after time interval T
Downlink, the elemental height of each lifting device (3), downlink height and downlink used time are all the same, observe the soil body (5) in whole process
Generate the developmental state in tension crack.
9. analogy method according to claim 8, which is characterized in that this method further include:
When needing to simulate in goaf, there are when tension fractured situation in surface subsidence area when support construction:
Optional one shaft (2) in non-end regions is simulation support construction, detaches remaining shaft (2), simultaneously operating
The lifting device (3) of the shaft (2) two carries out downlink, and comes downwards to setting height, observes the soil body (5) in whole process and generates
The developmental state in tension crack.
10. analogy method according to claim 9, which is characterized in that this method further include:
When need to simulate non-collapsed protection zone periphery collapse region to generate tension crack influence situation when:
Shaft (2) that is optionally two adjacent and being in non-end regions, enables dress sample box (1) between the two for simulation protection
Area, detaches remaining shaft (2), and operation simulation protection zone two sides fill sample box (1) corresponding two lifting devices (3), two liftings
Device (3) is synchronous or asynchronous downlink, comes downwards to setting height respectively, and the two downlink duration is identical, corresponding to see when DL synchronization
It examines simulation protection zone two sides and synchronizes the tension fractured situation collapsed, when asynchronous downlink, corresponding observation simulation protection zone two
The asynchronous tension fractured situation collapsed in side.
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| CN201910807377.0A CN110411840B (en) | 2019-08-29 | 2019-08-29 | Test device and method for simulating tension fracture generated by goaf earth surface soil body |
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| CN201910807377.0A CN110411840B (en) | 2019-08-29 | 2019-08-29 | Test device and method for simulating tension fracture generated by goaf earth surface soil body |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112903454A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-06-04 | 太原理工大学 | Horizontal goaf multi-row group column tensile strength testing device and method |
| CN114093238A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2022-02-25 | 神华神东煤炭集团有限责任公司 | Device and method for simulating and manufacturing surface mining fracture and application of device |
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