CN112903454A - Horizontal goaf multi-row group column tensile strength testing device and method - Google Patents
Horizontal goaf multi-row group column tensile strength testing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112903454A CN112903454A CN202110151481.6A CN202110151481A CN112903454A CN 112903454 A CN112903454 A CN 112903454A CN 202110151481 A CN202110151481 A CN 202110151481A CN 112903454 A CN112903454 A CN 112903454A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0252—Monoaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along a single axis of the specimen
Abstract
The invention discloses a horizontal goaf multi-row group column tensile strength testing device and a method, four protection rings are arranged at four corners of a tester base of the device, a frame is arranged in each protection ring, the bottom of the frame is connected with the tester base, the top of the frame is connected with a cross frame, the lower part of the cross frame is connected with a plurality of force control devices, each force control device comprises a pressure sensor, a hydraulic oil cylinder and a hydraulic pushing shaft, and each hydraulic pushing shaft is connected with an upper pressure plate; the pressure sensor is arranged above the upper pressure plate; five rows of lower loading jaws are uniformly arranged on the workbench, an upper loading jaw is arranged above the lower loading jaw in a matched manner, the upper loading jaw and the lower loading jaw are connected through a directional bearing, and an oval cavity is formed inside the buckled upper loading jaw and the lower loading jaw and used for placing a test piece and preventing the test piece from being subjected to eccentric load. The invention can realize the loading of uniform and non-uniform loads of multiple groups of columns through a plurality of hydraulic pushing shafts, and research the tensile capacity of a multiple-group column system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for testing the tensile strength of a plurality of rows of group columns in a horizontal goaf, which are mainly suitable for a device and a method for synchronously loading a plurality of coal, rock, filling bodies, concrete, coal-filling and rock-filling coal column test pieces and belong to the technical field of mining rock mechanical tests.
Background
Due to the laggard mining method in the old mining period, a large number of left-over coal pillars are formed in a plurality of mines in China, and the method mainly comprises the following steps: the coal pillar group is formed by combining a cutter pillar type, a room pillar type, a strip type, a short-wall type, a roadway mining type, a warehouse type and a jump mining type. Similarly, pillar clusters are also formed in the goaf during metal mining to carry overburden loads and to ensure long term stability of the stope.
The filling mining can effectively control the overburden movement and the surface subsidence. In recent years, in order to solve the technical problems of insufficient sources of filling materials, high cost and the like, technical methods such as partial filling, roadside filling, strip filling, pier column filling, local filling, short wall filling, strip filling, interval filling, pillar side filling, structural filling, functional filling, framework type filling and the like are popularized and applied to a plurality of mines. The filling mining technology inevitably reserves filling columns (concrete columns) with different sizes/shapes in the goaf, and the filling columns are distributed in a group column form and combined to form filling body group columns or concrete group columns.
The coal pillar group, the ore pillar group, the filling pillar group and the concrete group are collectively called "pillar group" in the present invention. The initial purpose of reserving stope group columns is to bear the load of an overlying strata and ensure the long-term stability of a goaf. The long-term stability of stope crowd columns is a scientific issue of concern. However, under the coupling action of overburden load, disturbance load, mine water erosion, sulfate corrosion, chloride corrosion, natural weathering and the like, the bearing capacity of the stope group column is gradually weakened, instability of a group column system can be caused, so that disasters such as overburden collapse, surface subsidence and the like are caused, and great potential safety hazards are brought to safe and efficient mining of coal resources.
The independent individuals of the stope group columns have mutual influence, and overlying strata load, disturbance load and the like are not borne by a single stope column body and are mainly borne together through a group column system. If one column body is locally destabilized and damaged, the overburden load and the disturbance load are transferred, so that the destabilization of adjacent group columns is damaged, and the chain-type instability of domino of the stope group columns is caused. Therefore, it is highly necessary to test the overall load bearing capacity of the stope group column system. At present, the overall bearing capacity of a stope group column is difficult to realize by on-site monitoring, and the test can be carried out only by a small-size group column coal column test piece in a laboratory. The traditional testing machine can only load a single column coal pillar test piece, and can not load a group of column coal pillar test pieces.
In summary, it is urgently needed to develop a testing device and method for the overall tensile stress of the stope group column, so as to obtain the overall bearing capacity of the stope group column system, obtain the mutual influence relationship among the group column individuals, lay a foundation for revealing the chain instability response characteristics and mechanism of the stope group column, and provide guidance for the development of the stope group column chain instability prevention and control technology. The invention provides a device and a method for testing the tensile strength of horizontal goaf multi-row grouped columns.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for testing the tensile strength of a plurality of rows of group columns in a horizontal goaf, which are used for realizing synchronous loading of a plurality of coal, rock, filling bodies, concrete, coal-filling and rock-filling coal column test pieces to obtain the mutual influence relation among the group column individuals, lay a foundation for revealing the chain instability response characteristics and mechanism of stope group columns and provide guidance for the development of a stope group column chain instability prevention and control technology.
The invention provides a horizontal goaf multi-row group column tensile strength testing device, which comprises: the tester comprises a tester base, a rack, a lower loading jaw, an upper pressure plate, a workbench, a cross frame, a force control device, a protection ring, a half ball seat, an upper pressure plate and a directional bearing;
four protection rings are arranged at four corners of a base of the testing machine, a frame is arranged in each protection ring, the bottom of each frame is connected with the base of the testing machine, the top of each frame is connected with a cross frame, the lower part of each cross frame is connected with a plurality of force control devices, each force control device comprises a pressure sensor, a hydraulic oil cylinder and a hydraulic pushing shaft, each hydraulic oil cylinder is fixed in each cross frame, and each hydraulic pushing shaft is connected with an upper pressure plate; the pressure sensor is arranged above each upper pressure plate; the working table is positioned in the middle of the base of the testing machine, five rows of lower loading jaws are uniformly arranged on the working table, an upper loading jaw is arranged above the lower loading jaw in a matched mode, the upper loading jaw and the lower loading jaw are connected through a directional bearing, a coal pillar test piece is placed between the upper loading jaw and the lower loading jaw, a half ball seat is arranged in the center of the top of the upper loading jaw, force transmitted by an upper pressing plate is concentrated on a straight line where the half ball seat is in contact with the lower loading jaw, and therefore stress of the test piece is uniform.
In the device, the goaf is formed after the mining of a nearly horizontal coal seam with an inclination angle smaller than 5 degrees; the group column comprises one of a coal column group, an ore column group, a filling column group, a concrete column group, a coal column-filling column combined group column, an ore column-filling column combined group column and a coal column-concrete column combined group column; the group columns are circular in section, or rectangular in section, or triangular or trapezoidal in section.
In the device, five rows of lower loading jaws positioned on the same central line are arranged on one workbench, the lower loading jaws are welded on the workbench, and the tensile capability test can be simultaneously carried out on 1-25 test pieces. The length and the width of the lower loading jaw are respectively 150mm and 150 mm; the length and width of the working table are 1000mm and 1000mm respectively.
In the device, twenty-five groups of force control devices are arranged on a workbench, and each group of force control device comprises a pressure sensor, a hydraulic oil cylinder and a hydraulic pushing shaft; each upper pressure plate is connected with a hydraulic pushing shaft, and the hydraulic pushing shafts are controlled and adjusted by hydraulic oil cylinders to realize the loading of different test pieces with the same or different speeds, so as to simulate the condition that the test pieces are uniformly stressed or not uniformly stressed; the pressure sensor is connected with a microcomputer through a control circuit, and the stress state of each test piece is accurately tested.
In the device, the upper loading jaw and the lower loading jaw are connected through the directional bearing, and an oval cavity is formed inside the upper loading jaw and the lower loading jaw after the upper loading jaw and the lower loading jaw are buckled and is used for placing a test piece and preventing the test piece from being subjected to eccentric load.
In the device, the upper pressure plates are divided into two types, and when the device is used for testing the tensile test of the multi-group columns, the integral upper pressure plates with the lengths and the widths of 1000mm and 1000mm are adopted for researching the bearing capacity of a plurality of coal column test pieces for jointly bearing the overlying load; when the device is used for the tensile test of a single column, the device adopts the monomer type upper pressing plate with the length and the width of 150mm and 150mm respectively for researching the bearing capacity of a single coal column test piece.
The invention provides a horizontal goaf multi-row grouped column tensile strength testing method, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the distribution position, the form and the size of the remaining grouped pillars in the horizontal goaf in the range to be tested are comprehensively investigated by utilizing the original geological technical data of the mine and by means of a supplementary exploration technical means;
step two: determining the shape, size and number of coal pillar test pieces for testing based on the information of the horizontal goaf remaining cluster pillars obtained in the step one;
step three: drilling a cylindrical coal pillar test piece with the diameter of 50mm by using a special coal rock core drilling machine in a multi-stage variable speed manual feeding mode, and cutting and polishing the cylindrical coal pillar test piece to the shape and the size required by a test by using a coal rock cutting machine;
step four: sequentially mounting the coal pillar test piece on a lower loading jaw on a workbench;
step five: drawing two parallel loading baselines at two ends of the test piece along the axial direction, placing two pad strips along the loading baselines, and fixing the two pad strips through upper and lower loading jaws;
step six: the type of the upper pressing plate is selected according to experiment requirements, the first type of upper pressing plate is used for researching the bearing capacity of the multiple coal pillar test pieces for jointly bearing the upper load, and the second type of upper pressing plate is used for simultaneously testing the single-bearing capacity of the multiple coal pillar test pieces;
step seven: placing the selected upper pressing plate above the hemispherical seat, and enabling the central line of the upper pressing plate and the central line of the coal pillar test piece to be tested to be located on the same plane so as to ensure that the coal pillar test piece to be tested is stressed uniformly;
step eight: clearing the force value of each sensor to zero, and preloading;
step nine: after the preloading is finished, the loading speed of each hydraulic pushing shaft is set respectively for loading;
step ten: after loading is finished, the hydraulic pushing shaft is controlled by the hydraulic oil cylinder to unload, and the test is finished.
The second type of upper pressure plate is used for testing the single bearing capacity of a plurality of coal pillar test pieces simultaneously, and can randomly select a plurality of scattered test pieces from 25 test pieces for testing.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention can realize simultaneous or independent loading of coal, rock, filling body, concrete, coal-filling and rock-coal-filling column test pieces, further realize the simulation of loading and damage of a plurality of body remaining ore columns, and can realize the loading of uniform and non-uniform loads of a plurality of groups of columns through a plurality of hydraulic pushing shafts to research the tensile strength of a multi-group column system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a first type of upper platen in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a first type of upper platen loading configuration for use with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a second type of upper platen working scenario for the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a second type of upper platen loading configuration for use with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the force control device of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-tester base; 2, a frame; 3, loading a jaw; 4-loading the jaw; 5, an upper pressing plate; 6, a workbench; 7-horizontal frame; 8, pushing a shaft hydraulically; 9-a hydraulic oil cylinder; 10-a pressure sensor; 11-a force control device; 12-a guard ring; 13-half ball seat; 14-an upper platen; 15-a directional bearing; 16-filler strip, 17-coal column test piece.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by, but is not limited to, the following examples.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1 to 6, a testing device for multi-row grouped column tensile strength in horizontal goaf includes: the testing machine comprises a testing machine base 1, a frame 2, a lower loading jaw 3, an upper loading jaw 4, an upper pressure plate 5, a workbench 6, a cross frame 7, a force control device 11, a protection ring 12, a hemispherical seat 13, an upper pressure plate 14 and a directional bearing 15;
four protection rings 12 are arranged at four corners of a tester base 1, a frame 2 is arranged in each protection ring 12, the bottom of each frame 2 is connected with the tester base 1, the top of each frame is connected with a cross frame 7, the lower part of each cross frame 7 is connected with a plurality of force control devices 11, each force control device 11 comprises a pressure sensor 10, a hydraulic oil cylinder 9 and a hydraulic pushing shaft 8, each hydraulic oil cylinder 9 is fixed in each cross frame 7, and each hydraulic pushing shaft 8 is connected with an upper pressure plate 14; a pressure sensor 10 is disposed above each upper platen 14; the working table 6 is located in the middle of the base of the testing machine, five rows of lower loading jaws 3 are evenly arranged on the working table, an upper loading jaw 4 is arranged above the lower loading jaw 3 in a matched mode, the upper loading jaw 4 is connected with the lower loading jaw 3 through a directional bearing 15, and an oval cavity is formed inside the buckled upper loading jaw and the lower loading jaw and used for placing a test piece 17 and preventing the test piece from being subjected to eccentric load.
The goaf is formed after the nearly horizontal coal seam with an inclination angle smaller than 5 degrees is mined; the group column comprises one of a coal column group, an ore column group, a filling column group, a concrete column group, a coal column-filling column combined group column, an ore column-filling column combined group column and a coal column-concrete column combined group column; the group of columns are circular in section.
In the invention, five rows of lower loading jaws 3 positioned on the same central line are arranged on one workbench 6, the lower loading jaws are welded on the workbench 6, and the tensile capability test can be simultaneously carried out on 1-25 test pieces; the length and the width of the lower loading jaw are respectively 150mm and 150 mm; the length and width of the working table are 1000mm and 1000mm respectively.
1-25 groups of force control devices are arranged on the workbench, and each group of force control device comprises a pressure sensor coal column test piece 10, a hydraulic oil cylinder coal column test piece 9 and a hydraulic pushing shaft coal column test piece 8; each upper pressure plate coal column test piece 14 is connected with a hydraulic pushing shaft coal column test piece 8, the hydraulic pushing shafts are controlled and adjusted by hydraulic oil cylinders, the loading with the same or different speeds on different test pieces is realized, and the hydraulic pushing shafts are used for simulating the conditions that the test pieces are uniformly stressed or not uniformly stressed; the pressure sensor is connected with a microcomputer through a control circuit, and the stress state of each test piece is accurately tested.
The semi-ball seat 13 is arranged at the center of the top of the upper loading jaw 4, and the force transmitted by the upper pressure plate is concentrated on a straight line where the semi-ball seat is contacted with the lower loading jaw, so that the stress of the test piece is uniform.
The upper pressing plates 5 are divided into two types, and when the device is used for testing the multi-group column tensile test, the integrated upper pressing plates with the lengths and the widths of 1000mm and 1000mm are adopted for researching the bearing capacity of a plurality of coal column test pieces for bearing the upper load together; when the device is used for the tensile test of a single column, the device adopts the monomer type upper pressing plate with the length and the width of 150mm and 150mm respectively for researching the bearing capacity of a single coal column test piece.
The invention provides a horizontal goaf multi-row grouped column tensile strength testing method, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the distribution position, the form and the size of the remaining grouped pillars in the horizontal goaf in the range to be tested are comprehensively investigated by utilizing the original geological technical data of the mine and by means of a supplementary exploration technical means;
step two: determining the shape, size and number of coal pillar test pieces for testing based on the information of the horizontal goaf remaining cluster pillars obtained in the step one;
step three: drilling a cylinder with the diameter of 50mm by using a special core drilling machine for coal rock and in a multi-stage variable speed manual feeding mode, and cutting and polishing the cylinder to the shape and the size required by a test by using a coal rock cutting machine;
step four: sequentially mounting the coal pillar test piece on a lower loading jaw on a workbench;
step five: drawing two parallel loading baselines at two ends of the test piece along the axial direction, placing two pad strips along the loading baselines, and fixing the two pad strips through upper and lower loading jaws;
step six: the type of the upper pressing plate is selected according to experiment requirements, the first type of upper pressing plate is used for researching the bearing capacity of the multiple coal pillar test pieces for jointly bearing the upper load, and the second type of upper pressing plate is used for simultaneously testing the single-bearing capacity of the multiple coal pillar test pieces;
step seven: placing the selected upper pressing plate above the hemispherical seat, and enabling the central line of the upper pressing plate and the central line of the coal pillar test piece to be tested to be located on the same plane so as to ensure that the coal pillar test piece to be tested is stressed uniformly;
step eight: clearing the force value of each sensor to zero, and preloading;
step nine: after the preloading is finished, the loading speed of each hydraulic pushing shaft is set respectively for loading;
step ten: after loading is finished, the hydraulic pushing shaft is controlled by the hydraulic oil cylinder to unload, and the test is finished.
The device can be used for group column uniaxial compression, the load transmitted by the upper pressing plate is jointly borne by the group columns, and the tensile capacity of a group column system can be researched.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a horizontal collecting space area multirow crowd's post tensile capability testing arrangement which characterized in that includes: the device comprises a tester base (1), a rack (2), a lower loading jaw (3), an upper loading jaw (4), an upper pressure plate (5), a workbench (6), a cross frame (7), a force control device (11), a protection ring (12), a hemisphere base (13), an upper pressure plate (14) and a directional bearing (15);
four protection rings are arranged at four corners of a base of the testing machine, a frame is arranged in each protection ring, the bottom of each frame is connected with the base of the testing machine, the top of each frame is connected with a cross frame, the lower part of each cross frame is connected with a plurality of force control devices, each force control device comprises a pressure sensor, a hydraulic oil cylinder and a hydraulic pushing shaft, each hydraulic oil cylinder is fixed in each cross frame, and each hydraulic pushing shaft is connected with an upper pressure plate; the pressure sensor is arranged above each upper pressure plate; the working table is located in the middle of the base of the testing machine, five rows of lower loading jaws are evenly arranged on the working table, an upper loading jaw is arranged above the lower loading jaw in a matched mode, the upper loading jaw (4) is connected with the lower loading jaw (3) through a directional bearing (15), and an oval cavity is formed inside the buckled upper loading jaw and the lower loading jaw and used for placing a test piece and preventing the test piece from being subjected to eccentric load.
2. The horizontal goaf single-row legacy grouped column tensile strength testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the goaf is formed after the mining of a nearly horizontal coal seam with an inclination angle smaller than 5 degrees; the group column comprises one of a coal column group, an ore column group, a filling column group, a concrete column group, a coal column-filling column combined group column, an ore column-filling column combined group column and a coal column-concrete column combined group column; the group columns are circular in section, or rectangular in section, or triangular or trapezoidal in section.
3. The horizontal goaf multi-row grouped column tensile strength testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: five rows of lower loading jaws (3) positioned on the same central line are arranged on one workbench (6), the lower loading jaws are welded on the workbench (6), and tensile capability test can be simultaneously carried out on 1-25 test pieces; the length and the width of the lower loading jaw are respectively 150mm and 150 mm; the length and width of the working table are 1000mm and 1000mm respectively.
4. The horizontal goaf multi-row grouped column tensile strength testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: 1-25 groups of force control devices are arranged on the workbench, and each group of force control device comprises a pressure sensor (10), a hydraulic oil cylinder (9) and a hydraulic pushing shaft (8); each upper pressure plate (14) is connected with a hydraulic pushing shaft (8), and the hydraulic pushing shafts are controlled and adjusted by hydraulic oil cylinders to realize the loading of different test pieces with the same or different speeds, so as to simulate the condition that the test pieces are uniformly stressed or not uniformly stressed; the pressure sensor is connected with a microcomputer through a control circuit, and the stress state of each test piece is accurately tested.
5. The horizontal goaf multi-row grouped column tensile strength testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the semi-ball seat is arranged at the center of the top in the upper loading jaw, and the force transmitted by the upper pressure plate is concentrated on a straight line where the semi-ball seat is contacted with the lower loading jaw, so that the stress of the test piece is uniform.
6. The horizontal goaf multi-row grouped column tensile strength testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the device is used for testing the tensile test of the multi-group columns, and the integral upper pressing plate with the length and the width of 1000mm and 1000mm is used for researching the bearing capacity of a plurality of coal column test pieces for bearing the upper load together; when the device is used for the tensile test of a single column, the device adopts the monomer type upper pressing plate with the length and the width of 150mm and 150mm respectively for researching the bearing capacity of a single coal column test piece.
7. A horizontal goaf multi-row grouped column tensile strength testing method adopts the horizontal goaf multi-row grouped column tensile strength testing device of any one of claims 1-6, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the distribution position, the form and the size of the remaining grouped pillars in the horizontal goaf in the range to be tested are comprehensively investigated by utilizing the original geological technical data of the mine and by means of a supplementary exploration technical means;
step two: determining the shape, size and number of coal pillar test pieces for testing based on the information of the horizontal goaf remaining cluster pillars obtained in the step one;
step three: drilling a cylinder with the diameter of 50mm by using a special core drilling machine for coal rock and in a multi-stage variable speed manual feeding mode, and cutting and polishing the cylinder to the shape and the size required by a test by using a coal rock cutting machine;
step four: sequentially mounting the coal pillar test piece on a lower loading jaw on a workbench;
step five: drawing two parallel loading baselines at two ends of the test piece along the axial direction, placing two pad strips along the loading baselines, and fixing the two pad strips through upper and lower loading jaws;
step six: the type of the upper pressing plate is selected according to experiment requirements, the first type of upper pressing plate is used for researching the bearing capacity of the multiple coal pillar test pieces for jointly bearing the upper load, and the second type of upper pressing plate is used for simultaneously testing the single-bearing capacity of the multiple coal pillar test pieces;
step seven: placing the selected upper pressing plate above the hemispherical seat, and enabling the central line of the upper pressing plate and the central line of the coal pillar test piece to be tested to be located on the same plane so as to ensure that the coal pillar test piece to be tested is stressed uniformly;
step eight: clearing the force value of each sensor to zero, and preloading;
step nine: after the preloading is finished, the loading speed of each hydraulic pushing shaft is set respectively for loading;
step ten: after loading is finished, the hydraulic pushing shaft is controlled by the hydraulic oil cylinder to unload, and the test is finished.
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| CN117451519A (en) * | 2023-10-07 | 2024-01-26 | 山东朝日电子有限公司 | Laser power supply component performance detection equipment and detection method thereof |
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