CN112903452B - Device and method for testing tensile capacity of multi-row group columns of horizontal goaf under influence of disturbance - Google Patents
Device and method for testing tensile capacity of multi-row group columns of horizontal goaf under influence of disturbance Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0252—Monoaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along a single axis of the specimen
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for testing the tensile capacity of a plurality of rows of group columns of a horizontal goaf under the influence of disturbance. The device comprises a base of the testing machine, a frame, a lower loading jaw, an upper pressing plate, a workbench, a transverse frame, a main loading rod, a main loading oil cylinder, a pressure sensor, a disturbance force sensor, a protection ring, a half ball seat, an upper pressing plate, a directional bearing, a disturbance oil cylinder and a disturbance rod; four protection rings are arranged on the base, a frame is arranged in each protection ring, one end of the frame is connected with the base, the other end of the frame is connected with the transverse frame, five rows of lower loading jaws which are positioned on the same central line are arranged on one workbench, and synchronous stretching of 1-25 test pieces can be realized. The invention can realize synchronous loading of a plurality of coals, rocks, filling bodies, concrete, coal-filling and rock-filling test pieces, and can acquire the stretching capability of the horizontal goaf multi-row group column system under the disturbance loading condition to obtain the mutual influence relationship among the individual horizontal goaf group columns.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for testing the tensile capacity of a plurality of rows of group columns of a horizontal goaf under the influence of disturbance, which are mainly suitable for synchronous loading of a plurality of coals, rocks, filling bodies, concrete, coal-filling and rock-filling samples, and belong to the technical field of mining rock mechanics tests.
Background
Due to the lag of the mining method in the old mining period, a large amount of residual coal pillars are formed in many mines in China, and the method mainly comprises the following steps: knife column type legacy coal pillars, house column type legacy coal pillars, strip type legacy coal pillars, short wall type legacy coal pillars, roadway collection type legacy coal pillars, warehouse type legacy coal pillars, jump collection type legacy coal pillars and the like, are densely distributed in space, are different in form, are mutually influenced, are complicated and are different in size, and are combined in a community form to form a coal pillar group. Likewise, pillar clusters are also formed in goaf during metal mining to carry overburden loads and to ensure long-term stability of the stope.
The filling mining can effectively control the overburden movement and the ground subsidence. In recent years, in order to solve the technical problems of insufficient sources of filling materials, high cost and the like, the method of partial filling, roadside filling, strip filling, pier column filling, partial filling, short wall filling, strip filling, interval filling, column side filling, structure filling, functional filling, skeleton filling and the like is applied and popularized in a plurality of mines. The filling mining technical method inevitably leaves filling columns (concrete columns) with different sizes/forms in the goaf, and the filling columns are distributed in a group column mode, so that a filling body group column or a concrete group column is formed by combination.
The above-described coal pillar group, mine pillar group, filling pillar group, and concrete group are collectively referred to herein as "group pillars". The original purpose of the stope group column is to bear the load of the overlying strata and ensure the long-term stability of the goaf. The long term stability of stope group columns is a significant scientific issue. However, under the coupling actions of overburden load, disturbance load, mine water erosion, sulfate corrosion, chloride corrosion, natural weathering and the like, the bearing capacity of the stope group columns is gradually weakened, instability of the group column system can be caused, overburden collapse, ground subsidence and other disasters can be caused, and great potential safety hazards are brought to safe and efficient exploitation of coal resources.
Besides the static load of the overlying load, the goaf left-behind group columns can be subjected to strong external disturbance actions, the disturbance actions seriously threaten the personal safety of engineering personnel and the engineering quality, and the traditional testing machine can not study the single-axis bearing capacity of the left-behind group columns under disturbance. However, the traditional testing machine can only load a single coal pillar, cannot load multiple groups of pillars in a double-shaft manner, and cannot study the bearing capacity of a group pillar system on an overlying load after filling the pillars.
The independent individuals of the stope group column have mutual influence, and the overburden load, the disturbance load and the like are not born by a single stope column, and are mainly born together through the group column system. If one column body is locally instable and damaged, the overlying rock load and the disturbance load are transferred, so that the instable and damaged adjacent group columns are caused, and the domino chain type instable of the stope group columns is caused. It is therefore highly desirable to test the overall load carrying capacity of a pit group prop system. At present, the overall bearing capacity of the field monitoring stope group column is difficult to realize and can only be tested by means of laboratory small-size group column samples. The traditional testing machine can only load a single column sample and cannot load a group column sample.
In summary, development of a device and a method for testing the overall bearing capacity of a stope group column is needed, so that the overall bearing capacity of a stope group column system is obtained, the mutual influence relation among individual groups of columns is obtained, a foundation is laid for revealing the chain instability response characteristics and mechanisms of the stope group columns, and guidance is provided for the chain instability prevention and control technology of the stope group columns. The invention aims to provide a device and a method for testing tensile capacity of a plurality of rows of group columns of a horizontal goaf under the influence of disturbance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for testing the tensile capacity of multi-row group pillars in a horizontal goaf under the influence of disturbance, in particular to a device for synchronously loading a plurality of coal, rock, filling bodies, concrete, coal-filling and rock-filling test pieces, which can obtain the mutual influence relationship among individual group pillars, lay a foundation for revealing the chain instability response characteristics and mechanisms of the group pillars of a stope, and provide guidance for the chain instability prevention and control technology of the group pillars of a stope.
The invention provides a testing device for the tensile capacity of a plurality of rows of group columns of a horizontal goaf under the influence of disturbance, which comprises: the device comprises a base, a frame, a lower loading jaw, an upper pressing plate, a workbench, a transverse frame, a main loading rod, a main loading oil cylinder, a pressure sensor, a force control device, a protection ring, a half ball seat, an upper pressing plate and a directional bearing;
four protection rings are arranged on the base of the tester, a frame is arranged in each protection ring, the bottom end of the frame is connected with the base, the top end is connected with the cross frame,
the bottom of the workbench is provided with a plurality of groups of force control devices which are arranged in parallel, and each force control device comprises a main loading rod, a main loading oil cylinder and a pressure sensor; the bottom of the transverse frame is provided with a plurality of groups of force disturbance devices which are arranged in parallel, and each force disturbance device comprises a disturbance force sensor, a disturbance oil cylinder and a disturbance rod; the workbench is positioned in the middle, five rows of lower loading jaws are uniformly arranged on the workbench, an upper loading jaw is arranged above the lower loading jaw in a matched manner, the upper loading jaw and the lower loading jaw are connected through a directional bearing, a sample is placed between the upper loading jaw and the lower loading jaw, a half ball seat is arranged in the center of the top of the upper loading jaw, and the force transmitted by an upper pressing plate is concentrated on a straight line where the half ball seat is in contact with the lower loading jaw, so that the stress of a test piece is uniform.
The lower loading jaw is welded on the workbench, 1-25 test pieces can be tested for tensile capacity at the same time, and the length and the width of the lower loading jaw are 150mm and 150mm respectively; the length and width of the workbench are 1000mm and 200mm respectively.
Preferably, the group column comprises: the coal pillar group, the ore pillar group, the filling pillar group, the coal pillar-filling pillar combination group pillar, the ore pillar-filling pillar combination group pillar and the like are suitable for not only the group pillar with the round section, but also the group pillar with the rectangular section, and are more suitable for the group pillar with the triangular or trapezoidal section.
Preferably, the device and the method are suitable for goaf formed after mining of a near horizontal coal seam with an inclination angle of less than 5 degrees.
Preferably, the device comprises 1-25 groups of force control devices, and each group of force control device comprises a pressure sensor, a main loading oil cylinder and a main loading rod. The pressure sensor is connected with the microcomputer through the control circuit, so that the stress state of each test piece can be controlled respectively and accurately, different test pieces can be loaded at the same speed and different speeds, and the pressure sensor is used for simulating the conditions of uniform stress and uneven stress of the test pieces.
Preferably, the device comprises 1-25 groups of force disturbance devices, each group of force disturbance device comprises a disturbance force sensor, a disturbance oil cylinder and a disturbance rod, disturbance load is applied through the disturbance oil cylinder at the top of the testing machine, and then the disturbance rod acts on the sample, so that axial disturbance load in the form of cosine wave, triangular wave and square wave can be applied to the sample.
Preferably, the upper loading jaw and the lower loading jaw are connected through a directional bearing, and an oval cavity is formed inside the upper loading jaw and the lower loading jaw after being buckled and is used for placing a test piece and preventing the test piece from being subjected to eccentric load.
Preferably, the upper platen is divided into two types, one for investigating the bearing capacity of a plurality of samples together bearing an overburden load, and one for investigating the bearing capacity of a single sample at the same time.
Preferably, the device can be used for testing the tensile test of multiple groups of columns, can also be used for testing the tensile test of single columns, can study the tensile capacity of single coal, rock, filling body, concrete, coal-filling and rock-filling samples, and can also study the tensile capacity of multiple single coal, rock, filling body, concrete, coal-filling and rock-filling group column systems.
The invention relates to an upper pressing plate and a test sample, which are arranged in a matching way, wherein the types of the upper pressing plate are selected according to experimental requirements, the first type is an integral upper pressing plate with the length and the width of 5000mm and 5000mm respectively, the second type is a single-row upper pressing plate with the length and the width of 1000mm and 150mm respectively, the third type is a single-row upper pressing plate with the length and the width of 150mm and 150mm respectively, the first type upper pressing plate is used for researching the bearing capacity of a plurality of rows of test samples together, the second type upper pressing plate is used for researching the bearing capacity of a single-row test sample together, and the third type upper pressing plate is used for simultaneously testing the single-shaft bearing capacity of a plurality of test samples.
The invention provides a method for testing the tensile capacity of a plurality of rows of group columns of a horizontal goaf under the influence of disturbance, which comprises the following steps:
step one: comprehensively researching the distribution position, shape and size of the left group columns in the horizontal goaf within the range to be detected by utilizing the original geological technical data of the mine and by means of the supplementary investigation technical means;
step two: determining the shape, size and number of the samples to be tested based on the information of the left group of columns of the horizontal goaf obtained in the first step;
step three: drilling a sample with proper size by using a special coring machine for coal and rock and a manual feeding mode with multistage speed change, and cutting and polishing the sample to the shape and the size required by a test by using a coal and rock cutting machine;
step four: sequentially mounting the samples on a lower loading jaw on a workbench;
step five: drawing two parallel loading baselines at two ends of a test piece along the axial direction, placing two cushion strips along the loading baselines, and fixing the cushion strips through an upper loading jaw and a lower loading jaw;
step six: determining the type of the selected upper pressing plate according to experimental requirements, selecting a first type of upper pressing plate when testing the bearing capacity of the plurality of rows of samples for jointly bearing the overburden load, selecting a second type of upper pressing plate when testing the bearing capacity of the single row of samples for jointly bearing the overburden load, and simultaneously selecting a third type of upper pressing plate when testing the single-shaft bearing capacity of the plurality of samples;
step seven: placing the selected upper pressing plate above the hemispherical seat, so that the center line of the upper pressing plate and the center line of the sample to be tested are positioned on the same plane, and ensuring that the stress of the sample to be tested is uniform; step eight: resetting the force value of each sensor, and preloading;
step nine: after the preloading is finished, the loading speed of each hydraulic pushing shaft is respectively set for loading;
step ten: when the axial direction is loaded to the target value, applying an axial disturbance load by using a disturbance rod according to the test requirement;
step eleven: continuing to apply axial load, and testing the integral instability of the multi-row samples when the multi-row samples bear the bearing capacity of the overlaying load together; when the bearing capacity of the single-row samples for jointly bearing the overlaying load is tested, the whole test sample loaded to each row is unstable; simultaneously testing the uniaxial bearing capacity of a plurality of samples, loading the samples until all the samples are instable, or stopping loading after the test requirements are met;
step twelve: after loading is completed, the hydraulic oil cylinder is used for controlling the hydraulic pushing shaft to unload, so that the test is completed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention can realize simultaneous loading of a plurality of coals, rocks, filling bodies, concrete, coal-filling and rock-filling, further realize simulation of loading damage of a plurality of body-leaving ore pillars, realize loading of uniform and nonuniform loads of a plurality of groups of pillars through a plurality of main loading rods, and research the tensile capacity of a multi-group pillar system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a first type of upper platen operating scenario for the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a loading mechanism for a first type of upper platen according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a second type of upper platen operating scenario for the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a loading configuration of the present invention with a second type of upper platen;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a third type of upper platen operating scenario for the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a third type of upper platen loading configuration for the present invention;
fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the loading device of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-a base of a testing machine; 2-a frame; 3-lower loading jaw; 4-loading jaw; 5-an upper pressing plate; 6, a workbench; 7-a transverse frame; 8-a main loading rod; 9-a main loading oil cylinder; 10-a pressure sensor; 11-disturbance force sensor; 12-protecting ring; 13-a half ball seat; 14-upper platen; 15-directional bearings; 16-a disturbance oil cylinder; 17-a disturbance rod; 18-sample.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by, but not limited to, the following examples.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 8, a device and a method for testing tensile capacity of multiple rows of group columns of a horizontal goaf under the influence of disturbance are characterized by comprising the following steps: the testing machine comprises a testing machine base 1, a machine frame 2, a lower loading jaw 3, an upper loading jaw 4, an upper pressing plate 5, a workbench 6, a transverse frame 7, a main loading rod 8, a main loading oil cylinder 9, a pressure sensor 10, a disturbance force sensor 11, a protection ring 12, a hemispherical seat 13, an upper pressing plate 14, a directional bearing 15, a disturbance oil cylinder 16 and a disturbance rod 17.
Four protection rings 12 are arranged on the base 1 of the testing machine, a frame 2 is arranged in each protection ring 12, the bottom end of the frame 2 is connected with the base 1, the top end of the frame is connected with a transverse frame 7, a plurality of groups of force control devices which are arranged in parallel are arranged at the bottom of the workbench 6, and each force control device comprises a main loading rod 8, a main loading oil cylinder 9 and a pressure sensor 10; a plurality of groups of force disturbance devices which are arranged in parallel are arranged at the bottom of the transverse frame 7, and each force disturbance device comprises a disturbance force sensor 11, a disturbance oil cylinder 16 and a disturbance rod 17; the workbench 6 is positioned in the middle, five rows of lower loading jaws 3 are uniformly arranged on the workbench 6, an upper loading jaw 4 is arranged above the lower loading jaws 3 in a matched manner, the upper loading jaws and the lower loading jaws are connected through directional bearings, a sample 18 is placed between the upper loading jaws and the lower loading jaws, a half ball seat 13 is arranged in the center of the top of the upper loading jaws 4, and the force transmitted by the upper pressing plate 5 is concentrated on a straight line where the half ball seat 13 is in contact with the lower loading jaws 3, so that the stress of a test piece is uniform.
Preferably, five rows of lower loading jaws 3 are arranged on the workbench, each row comprises five lower loading jaws, and 1-25 coals, rocks and filling bodies can be loaded simultaneously, as shown in fig. 2.
Preferably, the lower loading jaw 3 centers are located on a common line as shown in fig. 1.
Preferably, each upper pressing disc 14 is connected with one main loading rod 8, so that different test pieces can be loaded at the same speed and at different speeds, and the conditions of uniform stress and uneven stress of the test pieces can be simulated, as shown in fig. 1.
Preferably, the upper loading jaw 4 and the lower loading jaw 3 are connected through a directional bearing, the upper loading jaw and the lower loading jaw are connected through a directional bearing, and an elliptical cavity is formed inside after the upper loading jaw and the lower loading jaw are buckled and is used for placing a test piece, so that the test piece is prevented from being subjected to eccentric load.
Preferably, the device can be used for uniaxial compression of the group column, the load transmitted by the upper pressing plate is jointly born by the group column, and the tensile capacity of the group column system can be studied.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1, 3 and 5, a device and a method for testing tensile capacity of multiple rows of group columns of a horizontal goaf under the influence of disturbance are characterized by comprising the following steps: the testing machine comprises a testing machine base 1, a frame 2, a lower loading jaw 3, an upper loading jaw 4, an upper pressing plate 5, a workbench 6, a transverse frame 7, a main loading rod 8, a main loading oil cylinder 9, a pressure sensor 10, a force control device 11, a protection ring 12, a hemispherical seat 13, an upper pressing plate 14 and a directional bearing 15. Four protection rings 12 are arranged on the base 1, a frame 2 is arranged in each protection ring 12, one end of the frame 2 is connected with the base 1, the other end of the frame is connected with a transverse frame 7, the lower part of the transverse frame 7 is connected with five main loading rods 8, and each pushing shaft 8 is connected with an upper pressing disc 14.
Preferably, the lower loading jaw 3 centers are located on a common line as shown in fig. 1.
Preferably, each upper pressing disc 14 is connected with one main loading rod 8, so that different test pieces can be loaded at the same speed and at different speeds, and the conditions of uniform stress and uneven stress of the test pieces can be simulated, as shown in fig. 1.
Preferably, a pressure sensor 10 is disposed inside each main loading rod 8, so as to accurately control the stress state of each test piece, as shown in fig. 1.
Preferably, twenty-five force disturbance devices are included, each force disturbance device comprises a disturbance force sensor, a disturbance oil cylinder and a disturbance rod, disturbance load is applied through the disturbance oil cylinder at the top of the testing machine, and axial disturbance load with cosine wave, triangular wave and square wave forms can be applied to the test piece when the disturbance rod acts on the test piece.
Preferably, twenty-five lower loading jaws 3 are arranged on the workbench 5, and 1-25 coals, rocks and filling bodies can be loaded simultaneously, so that the experimental efficiency is greatly improved, as shown in fig. 4.
Preferably, the upper loading jaw 4 and the lower loading jaw 3 are connected through a directional bearing, the upper loading jaw and the lower loading jaw are connected through a directional bearing, and an elliptical cavity is formed inside after the upper loading jaw and the lower loading jaw are buckled and is used for placing a test piece, so that the test piece is prevented from being subjected to eccentric load.
The upper pressure plates are three types, the types of the upper pressure plates are selected according to experimental requirements, the first type is an integral upper pressure plate with the length and the width of 5000mm and 5000mm respectively, the second type is a single-row upper pressure plate with the length and the width of 1000mm and 150mm respectively, the third type is a single-row upper pressure plate with the length and the width of 150mm and 150mm respectively, the first type upper pressure plate is used for researching the bearing capacity of multiple rows of samples for jointly bearing the overburden load, the second type upper pressure plate is used for researching the bearing capacity of single-row samples for jointly bearing the overburden load, and the third type upper pressure plate is used for simultaneously testing the single-shaft bearing capacity of multiple samples.
The invention provides a method for testing the tensile capacity of a plurality of rows of group columns of a horizontal goaf under the influence of disturbance, which comprises the following steps:
step one: comprehensively researching the distribution position, shape and size of the left group columns in the horizontal goaf within the range to be detected by utilizing the original geological technical data of the mine and by means of the supplementary investigation technical means;
step two: determining the shape, size and number of the samples to be tested based on the information of the left group of columns of the horizontal goaf obtained in the first step;
step three: drilling a sample with proper size by using a special coring machine for coal and rock and a manual feeding mode with multistage speed change, and cutting and polishing the sample to the shape and the size required by a test by using a coal and rock cutting machine;
step four: sequentially mounting the samples on a lower loading jaw on a workbench;
step five: drawing two parallel loading baselines at two ends of a test piece along the axial direction, placing two cushion strips along the loading baselines, and fixing the cushion strips through an upper loading jaw and a lower loading jaw;
step six: determining the type of the selected upper pressing plate according to experimental requirements, selecting a first type of upper pressing plate when testing the bearing capacity of the plurality of rows of samples for jointly bearing the overburden load, selecting a second type of upper pressing plate when testing the bearing capacity of the single row of samples for jointly bearing the overburden load, and simultaneously selecting a third type of upper pressing plate when testing the single-shaft bearing capacity of the plurality of samples;
step seven: placing the selected upper pressing plate above the hemispherical seat, so that the center line of the upper pressing plate and the center line of the sample to be tested are positioned on the same plane, and ensuring that the stress of the sample to be tested is uniform;
step eight: resetting the force value of each sensor, and preloading;
step nine: after the preloading is finished, the loading speed of each hydraulic pushing shaft is respectively set for loading;
step ten: when the axial direction is loaded to the target value, applying an axial disturbance load by using a disturbance rod according to the test requirement;
step eleven: continuing to apply axial load, and testing the integral instability of the multi-row samples when the multi-row samples bear the bearing capacity of the overlaying load together; when the bearing capacity of the single-row samples for jointly bearing the overlaying load is tested, the whole test sample loaded to each row is unstable; simultaneously testing the uniaxial bearing capacity of a plurality of samples, loading the samples until all the samples are instable, or stopping loading after the test requirements are met;
step twelve: after loading is completed, the hydraulic oil cylinder is used for controlling the hydraulic pushing shaft to unload, so that the test is completed.
The foregoing is illustrative of the present invention, and it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and may be modified simply according to the principles of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a horizontal goaf multirow group column tensile ability testing arrangement under disturbance influence which characterized in that includes: the testing machine comprises a testing machine base (1), a frame (2), a lower loading jaw (3), an upper loading jaw (4), an upper pressing plate (5), a workbench (6), a transverse frame (7), a force control device, a force disturbance device, a protection ring (12), a hemispherical seat (13), an upper pressing plate (14) and a directional bearing (15);
four protection rings are arranged on the base of the tester, a frame is arranged in each protection ring, the bottom end of the frame is connected with the base, the top end is connected with the cross frame,
the bottom of the workbench is provided with a plurality of groups of force control devices which are arranged in parallel, and each force control device comprises a main loading rod, a main loading oil cylinder and a pressure sensor; the bottom of the transverse frame is provided with a plurality of groups of force disturbance devices which are arranged in parallel, and each force disturbance device comprises a disturbance force sensor, a disturbance oil cylinder and a disturbance rod; the workbench is positioned in the middle, five rows of lower loading jaws are uniformly arranged on the workbench, an upper loading jaw is arranged above the lower loading jaw in a matched manner, the upper loading jaw and the lower loading jaw are connected through a directional bearing, an elliptical cavity is formed inside the workbench after the upper loading jaw and the lower loading jaw are buckled, and the workbench is used for placing a test piece and preventing the test piece from being subjected to eccentric load;
the upper pressure plates are three types, the types of the upper pressure plates are selected according to experimental requirements, the first type is an integral upper pressure plate with the length and the width of 5000mm and 5000mm respectively, the second type is a single-row upper pressure plate with the length and the width of 1000mm and 150mm respectively, and the third type is a single-body upper pressure plate with the length and the width of 150mm and 150mm respectively.
2. The device for testing the tensile capacity of a plurality of rows of group columns of a horizontal goaf under the influence of disturbance according to claim 1, wherein: the goaf is formed after mining of a near-horizontal coal seam with an inclination angle smaller than 5 degrees; the group column comprises one of a coal column group, an ore column group, a filling column group, a concrete column group, a coal column-filling column combined group column, an ore column-filling column combined group column and a coal column-concrete column combined group column, and the section of the group column is one of a circle, a rectangle, a triangle or a trapezoid.
3. The device for testing the tensile capacity of a plurality of rows of group columns of a horizontal goaf under the influence of disturbance according to claim 1, wherein: the lower loading jaw is welded on the workbench (6), 1-25 test pieces can be tested for tensile capacity at the same time, and the length and the width of the lower loading jaw are 150mm and 150mm respectively; the length and width of the workbench are 1000mm and 200mm respectively.
4. The device for testing the tensile capacity of a plurality of rows of group columns of a horizontal goaf under the influence of disturbance according to claim 1, wherein: the device comprises 1-25 groups of force control devices, each group of force control device comprises a pressure sensor (10), a main loading oil cylinder (9) and a main loading rod (8), the pressure sensor is connected with a microcomputer through a control circuit, the stress state of each test piece can be controlled accurately, the same and different loading speeds of different test pieces can be achieved, and the device is used for simulating the conditions of uniform stress and uneven stress of the test pieces.
5. The device for testing the tensile capacity of a plurality of rows of group columns of a horizontal goaf under the influence of disturbance according to claim 1, wherein: the device comprises 1-25 groups of force disturbance devices, each group of force disturbance device comprises a disturbance force sensor, a disturbance oil cylinder (16) and a disturbance rod (17), disturbance load is applied through the disturbance oil cylinder at the top of the testing machine, then the disturbance rod acts on a sample, and axial disturbance load with cosine wave, triangular wave and square wave forms is applied to the sample.
6. The device for testing the tensile capacity of a plurality of rows of group columns of a horizontal goaf under the influence of disturbance according to claim 1, wherein: the center of the top of the upper loading jaw is provided with a half ball seat, and the force transmitted by the upper pressing plate is concentrated on the same straight line where the half ball seat is contacted with the lower loading jaw, so that the stress of a test piece is uniform.
7. The device for testing the tensile capacity of a plurality of rows of group columns of a horizontal goaf under the influence of disturbance according to claim 1, wherein: the upper pressure plates are three types, the types of the upper pressure plates are selected according to experimental requirements, the first type is an integral upper pressure plate with the length and the width of 5000mm and 5000mm respectively, the second type is a single-row upper pressure plate with the length and the width of 1000mm and 150mm respectively, the third type is a single-row upper pressure plate with the length and the width of 150mm and 150mm respectively, the first type upper pressure plate is used for researching the bearing capacity of multiple rows of samples for jointly bearing the overburden load, the second type upper pressure plate is used for researching the bearing capacity of single-row samples for jointly bearing the overburden load, and the third type upper pressure plate is used for simultaneously testing the single-shaft bearing capacity of multiple samples.
8. The method for testing the tensile capacity of the multi-row group columns of the horizontal goaf under the influence of disturbance is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one: comprehensively researching the distribution position, shape and size of the left group columns in the horizontal goaf within the range to be detected by utilizing the original geological technical data of the mine and by means of the supplementary investigation technical means;
step two: determining the shape, size and number of the samples to be tested based on the information of the left group of columns of the horizontal goaf obtained in the first step;
step three: drilling a sample with proper size by using a special coring machine for coal and rock and a manual feeding mode with multistage speed change, and cutting and polishing the sample to the shape and the size required by a test by using a coal and rock cutting machine;
step four: sequentially mounting the samples on a lower loading jaw on a workbench;
step five: drawing two parallel loading baselines at two ends of a test piece along the axial direction, placing two cushion strips along the loading baselines, and fixing the cushion strips through an upper loading jaw and a lower loading jaw;
step six: determining the type of the selected upper pressing plate according to experimental requirements, selecting a first type of upper pressing plate when testing the bearing capacity of the plurality of rows of samples for jointly bearing the overburden load, selecting a second type of upper pressing plate when testing the bearing capacity of the single row of samples for jointly bearing the overburden load, and simultaneously selecting a third type of upper pressing plate when testing the single-shaft bearing capacity of the plurality of samples;
step seven: placing the selected upper pressing plate above the hemispherical seat, so that the center line of the upper pressing plate and the center line of the sample to be tested are positioned on the same plane, and ensuring that the stress of the sample to be tested is uniform;
step eight: resetting the force value of each sensor, and preloading;
step nine: after the preloading is finished, the loading speed of each hydraulic pushing shaft is respectively set for loading;
step ten: when the axial direction is loaded to the target value, applying an axial disturbance load by using a disturbance rod according to the test requirement;
step eleven: continuing to apply axial load, and testing the integral instability of the multi-row samples when the multi-row samples bear the bearing capacity of the overlaying load together; when the bearing capacity of the single-row samples for jointly bearing the overlaying load is tested, the whole test sample loaded to each row is unstable; simultaneously testing the uniaxial bearing capacity of a plurality of samples, loading the samples until all the samples are instable, or stopping loading after the test requirements are met;
step twelve: after loading is completed, the hydraulic oil cylinder is used for controlling the hydraulic pushing shaft to unload, so that the test is completed.
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