CN114167032B - Method and device for simulating influence of mining subsidence on soil water salt migration - Google Patents
Method and device for simulating influence of mining subsidence on soil water salt migration Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 213
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 154
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration of mining areas, and discloses a method and a device for simulating the influence of mining subsidence on soil water salt migration, wherein the method comprises a rectangular organic glass container without a cover and a bottom; a clamping groove of the steel base; a movable panel made of organic glass, etc. Paving gypsum boards above the fixed movable panel in the organic glass container, and filling soil; and a data collector and a sensor are placed in a plurality of water salt monitoring holes uniformly formed on the side surface of the organic glass container. And (3) carrying out mining subsidence process simulation, soil evaporation process simulation, water salt data monitoring and water salt data analysis under mining subsidence disturbance of the shallow coal seam by using the constructed mining subsidence device, calculating soil evaporation capacity, desalination rate and change rules of the soil evaporation capacity, the desalination rate and the change rules of the soil evaporation capacity at different subsidence stages of the subsidence basin, and determining the soil water salt migration rules under the mining subsidence condition of the shallow coal seam. The device is simple, the operation is convenient and fast, the data acquisition is controllable, the application range is wide, and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration of mining areas, and particularly relates to a method and a device for simulating influence of mining subsidence on soil water salt migration.
Background
At present, shallow coal seams are widely distributed in arid and semiarid regions in western China. Mining of shallow coal seams causes large-area subsidence of aeolian sandy lands and loess coverage areas, and ground cracks with different development depths are formed, so that many mining cracks directly reach the ground surface. The exploitation cracks on the straight-through earth surface increase the contact area between soil and the atmosphere, and the evaporation effect is enhanced. This becomes an important factor for ecological damage to the earth in the western regions where drought is less rainy and the illumination intensity is high. And part of surface water leaks to the subsidence area along the cracks, so that the salt migration rule of the soil water near the subsidence area is influenced. The change of the soil water and salt migration law leads to disturbance in the aspects of salinization of earth surface soil, water and salt required by vegetation growth, microecology of soil and the like, and finally causes earth surface ecological damage in a coal mining subsidence area. In conclusion, the mining subsidence changes the soil water salt migration law and becomes one of the important reasons for the degradation of the ecological system of the mining subsidence area of the shallow coal seam. Therefore, the research on the migration rule of the soil water salt under the disturbance of shallow coal seam mining is an important theoretical component of the influence mechanism of mining subsidence on the surface ecological system, and has important practical significance for scientifically developing ecological restoration engineering of mining subsidence areas and improving ecological self-restoration capability.
At present, widely used research methods for exploiting the soil water salt migration law of a subsidence area mainly adopt a physical model and a field monitoring 2-class method. Because of the dynamic succession of mining subsidence basin, and objective limiting factors such as limited depth of soil moisture monitoring and large area of the subsidence basin, on-site monitoring data is difficult to realize dynamic monitoring of the whole mining process. Therefore, the adoption of a physical model capable of simulating the mining subsidence process becomes an effective means for researching the migration of the soil water salt of the mining subsidence land. The existing physical model for soil water and salt migration mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) And water is supplied by utilizing a Mariotte bottle and a one-dimensional earth pillar model with a fixed water head is maintained. The model is mainly used for simulating the soil moisture infiltration process of a fixed water head and describing the soil moisture infiltration characteristics which change along with the depth. In such models, some workers add devices of different groundwater burial depths to simulate soil water and salt migration under different groundwater level conditions. In addition, the earth pillar model can be added with a rainfall simulation device, simulate different soil layer structures and the like.
(2) And simulating a two-dimensional model of soil water-salt migration for development of the exploitation cracks. At present, a two-dimensional soil water salt migration physical model is established in the research of the soil water salt migration law of the mining subsidence land. The model is mainly used for simulating the subsidence cracks, and monitoring and describing the change rule of the soil water salt at observation points with different distances from the subsidence cracks. Such models focus on the scientific problem of the effective impact distance of the subsidence fracture on soil water salt migration.
(3) A similar model of subsidence is mined. Most of mining subsidence similar models are used for simulating deformation of covering rock of a deep buried coal seam, and various fine displacement measuring devices are added into the models. Few simulated soil coverage displacement deformation, and no simulation function of soil water salt migration law.
Through the analysis, the defects and problems which can be realized by the invention are as follows: the invention can simulate the soil water salt migration law in the dynamic succession process of mining subsidence along with time in a short time, and can avoid the technical problem that on-site monitoring data is difficult to realize dynamic monitoring of the whole mining process due to objective limiting factors such as limited mining subsidence basin, limited soil moisture monitoring depth, large subsidence basin area and the like.
The difficulty of solving the problems and the defects is as follows: according to the invention, the descending height of the movable panel is controlled by sequentially adjusting the heights of the screws, the mining height and the mining tunneling process are simulated, so that the upper earth covering layer naturally subsides, and a mining subsidence section is formed. Meanwhile, the data acquisition device and the sensor which are preset in the subsidence model are utilized to monitor the soil moisture and conductivity data in real time, so that the area distribution rule of the shallow stretching area and the extrusion area of the subsidence section can be well simulated. Realizing the soil water salt migration law in the process of simulating mining subsidence dynamically succession along with time in a short time.
The meaning of solving the problems and the defects is as follows: the shallow coal seam mining causes the development of soil cracks, the strong surface evaporation effect and the leakage of surface water to a mining subsidence area along the cracks, thereby affecting the salt migration rule of the soil water near the subsidence area. This is one of the important causes of degradation of the ecosystem in the subsidence area of shallow coal mining. Therefore, the invention provides a theoretical basis for ecological restoration of the mining subsidence area by simulating the soil water salt migration law in the dynamic succession process of the mining subsidence along with time, and simultaneously researches the soil water salt migration law under the disturbance of the mining of the shallow coal seam to be an important theoretical component of the influence mechanism of the mining subsidence on the surface ecological system, thereby having important practical significance for scientifically developing ecological restoration engineering of the mining subsidence area and improving ecological self-restoration capability.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a method and a device for simulating the influence of mining subsidence on soil water salt migration.
The invention is realized by a method for simulating the influence of mining subsidence on soil water salt migration, which comprises the following steps:
And (3) carrying out mining subsidence process simulation, soil evaporation process simulation, water salt data monitoring and water salt data analysis under mining subsidence disturbance of the shallow coal seam by using the constructed mining subsidence device, calculating soil evaporation capacity, desalination rate and change rules of the soil evaporation capacity, the desalination rate and the change rules of the soil evaporation capacity at different subsidence stages of the subsidence basin, and determining the soil water salt migration rules under the mining subsidence condition of the shallow coal seam.
Further, the method for simulating the influence of mining subsidence on soil water salt migration comprises the following steps:
step one, constructing a mining subsidence model: placing a cover-free and bottom-free transparent organic glass container in a groove of a steel panel with a bracket to serve as a container for containing soil; placing the movable panels above the steel panels of the organic glassware, supporting each movable panel by using four movable screws, paving a 2cm gypsum board above the fixed movable panels, filling water solution with the mineralization degree of 3g/L (soil solution with the ion concentration ratio ：Na+:Cl-：CO3 2-:Ca2+:SO4 2-:Mg2 +＝8:4:1:1:1:1) fully mixed and the saturated water content of 21 percent on the top board gypsum board, and carrying out soil column packing;
Step two, data acquisition: the data collector and the sensor are placed in 25 water salt monitoring holes uniformly formed in the side surface of the organic glass ware, which is perpendicular to the movable panel, so as to monitor soil moisture and conductivity data in real time;
Thirdly, carrying out mining subsidence simulation based on the mining subsidence model after column filling: after the water balance, the heights of the movable panels are sequentially adjusted, the mining tunneling process is simulated, the upper earth covering layer is naturally sunk, a mining sinking section is formed, and mining sinking simulation and soil evaporation simulation are performed.
Step four, sample collection: the subsidence section is subjected to regional and layered data soil sample collection according to the soil depth, the subsidence basin stretching area and the extrusion area;
Step five, data processing: processing the acquired data by using an intelligent terminal, and respectively calculating the soil evaporation capacity and the desalination rate of the stretching area and the extrusion area at different positions; and determining the change rule of the soil evaporation capacity and the desalination rate, and determining the soil water salt migration rule under the mining subsidence condition of the shallow coal seam.
Further, in the first step, the construction of the mining subsidence model includes:
placing a cover-free and bottom-free transparent organic glass container in a groove of a steel panel with a bracket to serve as a container for containing soil; uniformly arranging 60 screw holes on a steel panel of the organic glassware;
15 movable panels are arranged above the steel panel of the organic glass vessel, four movable screws are used for supporting each movable panel, the movable screws of each plane penetrate through the corresponding screw openings, and flat head screws are used for fixing;
Paving a 2cm gypsum board above a fixed movable panel, filling soil, uniformly arranging a plurality of water and salt monitoring holes on one side surface of an organic glass vessel, which is vertical to the movable panel, and placing a data collector and a sensor in the water and salt monitoring holes to obtain a mining subsidence model.
Further, in the first step, the soil column packing includes:
fully mixing soil with an aqueous solution with the mineralization degree of 3g/L to obtain a soil solution with the maximum saturated water content of 21%;
And (3) filling soil into the constructed mining subsidence model layer by layer every 10cm, controlling the soil volume weight to be 1.6g/cm 3, and standing for 24 hours.
Further, the aqueous solution having a mineralization degree of 3g/L comprises: ion concentration ratio ：Na+:Cl-：CO3 2-:Ca2+:SO4 2-:Mg2 +＝8:4:1:1:1:1.
Further, the performing the mining subsidence simulation based on the post-loading mining subsidence model includes:
The heights of the left 3 movable panels and the right 3 movable panels of the 15 movable panels of the mining subsidence model are kept unchanged; and sequentially adjusting the heights of the middle 9 movable panels from the fourth movable panel in the left-to-right order by adjusting the distance and the heights of the screws, descending the movable panel by 10cm, horizontally propelling the movable panel by 10cm at intervals of 1h in the left-to-right order, simulating the mining tunneling process, naturally sinking the upper earth covering layer to form a mining subsidence section, and standing for 24h to obtain the mining subsidence model in the stable sinking stage.
Further, the calculation of the soil evaporation capacity and the desalination rate of different stress areas of the subsidence section is shown as follows:
the 25 water salt monitoring holes are uniformly distributed on the side wall of the organic glass container, and are numbered 1-25 in sequence from left to right and from top to bottom. After the subsidence section is formed, the observation points in different stress areas are partitioned and layered to calculate the soil moisture evaporation and the desalination rate.
The calculation formula of the soil moisture evaporation amount is as follows:
Wherein: epsilon represents the evaporation amount of soil moisture; epsilon i represents the unit of soil moisture content at the end of simulation; epsilon 0 represents the soil moisture content at the beginning of the simulation; s represents the volume weight of soil near the observation point; v represents the soil volume; n represents the number of observation points;
soil desalination rate calculation formula:
Wherein P represents the soil desalination rate; c 0 represents the initial salt content of the soil; c i represents the salt content of the soil at the end of the simulation; n represents the number of observation points.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for simulating the influence of mining subsidence on brine migration, which is provided with:
A rectangular organic glass container without a cover and a bottom;
The rectangular organic glass container is placed in a clamping groove of the steel base; the steel base comprises 15 movable panels made of organic glass, a bottom plate made of stainless steel and containing perforated screws, and a stainless steel bracket;
the side wall of the organic glass container, which is perpendicular to the organic glass movable panel, is uniformly provided with 25 water salt monitoring holes.
Further, the 15 organic glass movable panels are distributed side by side; the distance between the 15 organic glass movable panels and the stainless steel perforated screw-containing bottom plate is 15cm; the height distance between the 15 organic glass movable panels and the ground is 35cm;
2cm gypsum boards are paved on the 15 organic glass movable panels, and then soil is filled in the gypsum boards;
Each movable panel is supported by 4 movable screws of a stainless steel bottom plate containing perforated screws; the screw height of the screw is adjustable, and the maximum adjustable height is 15cm;
The stainless steel perforated screw bottom plate is uniformly provided with 60 flat head screws;
the water salt monitoring hole can be sealed by a soft plug; the stainless steel support is provided with four corners, and the four corners are respectively provided with a triangular support with the height of 20 cm.
Further, the device for simulating the influence of mining subsidence on soil water salt migration further comprises:
a data line;
One end of the data line is connected with a data collector and a sensor which are positioned in the soil; the other end of the data line penetrates through the water salt monitoring hole to be connected with an intelligent terminal.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: firstly, the height of the movable panel is controlled by sequentially adjusting the heights of the screws, the mining subsidence height and the mining tunneling process are simulated, and the upper earth covering layer naturally subsides to form a mining subsidence section. And constructing a two-dimensional soil column test device capable of simulating soil water salt migration processes of different mining subsidence stress areas by utilizing different influence characteristics of the mining subsidence extrusion stress areas and the tensile stress areas on the soil volume weight.
Secondly, calculating the soil moisture evaporation capacity and the soil desalination rate of different depth and different subsidence stress areas by monitoring water salt and data in real time, and comparing the time effect of mining subsidence on soil water salt migration disturbance. The invention provides scientific data for systematically clarifying the soil water salt migration law of the mining subsidence area, and has important significance for monitoring and evaluating the stability of the surface soil ecosystem of the mining subsidence area.
Thirdly, the water salt migration of the subsidence section is simulated through Hydrus-2D, the simulation precision meets the test requirement, and the physical model of the invention proves that the simulation of the soil water salt migration of the subsidence land of the shallow coal seam is reliable.
Fourth, the invention can simulate the soil water salt migration law in the dynamic succession process of mining subsidence along with time in a short time, and avoid the technical problem that the on-site monitoring data is difficult to realize the dynamic monitoring of the whole mining process due to the dynamic succession of the mining subsidence basin, the limited depth of monitoring soil moisture, large area of the subsidence basin and other objective limiting factors.
Fifth, the device of the invention is simple and easy to operate, the calculation method is scientific and reasonable, and the application range is wide.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for modeling the impact of mining subsidence on soil water salt transport provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a shallow coal seam mining subsidence physical model according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a movable panel a and a steel base B panel in a physical model according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of soil evaporation capacity at different stress areas on a mined subsidence section according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of soil desalination rates at different stress zones on a mined subsidence area according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a method and apparatus for simulating the influence of mining subsidence on soil water salt migration, and the following detailed description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that the advantages and features of the present invention are more easily understood by those skilled in the art, and thus the protection scope of the present invention is defined more clearly and definitely.
The method for simulating the influence of mining subsidence on soil water salt migration provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
And (3) carrying out mining subsidence process simulation, soil evaporation process simulation, water salt data monitoring and water salt data analysis under mining subsidence disturbance of the shallow coal seam by using the constructed mining subsidence device, calculating soil evaporation capacity, desalination rate and change rules of the soil evaporation capacity, the desalination rate and the change rules of the soil evaporation capacity at different subsidence stages of the subsidence basin, and determining the soil water salt migration rules under the mining subsidence condition of the shallow coal seam.
The problems for solving the influence of the simulated mining subsidence on the migration of the soil water salt provided by the embodiment of the invention comprise: the invention can simulate the soil water salt migration law in the dynamic succession process of mining subsidence along with time in a short time, and can avoid the technical problem that on-site monitoring data is difficult to realize dynamic monitoring of the whole mining process due to objective limiting factors such as limited mining subsidence basin, limited soil moisture monitoring depth, large subsidence basin area and the like.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for simulating the influence of mining subsidence on soil water salt migration provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
S101, constructing a mining subsidence model: placing a cover-free and bottom-free transparent organic glass container in a groove of a steel panel with a bracket to serve as a container for containing soil; placing the movable panels above the steel panels of the organic glassware, supporting each movable panel by using four movable screws, paving a 2cm gypsum board above the fixed movable panels, filling water solution with the mineralization degree of 3g/L (soil solution with the ion concentration ratio ：Na+:Cl-：CO3 2-:Ca2+:SO4 2-:Mg2+＝8:4:1:1:1:1) fully mixed and the saturated water content of 21 percent on the top board gypsum board, and carrying out soil column packing;
S102, data acquisition: the data collector and the sensor are placed in 25 water salt monitoring holes uniformly formed in the side surface of the organic glass ware, which is perpendicular to the movable panel, so as to monitor soil moisture and conductivity data in real time;
S103, carrying out mining subsidence simulation based on the mining subsidence model after column loading: after the water balance, the heights of the movable panels are sequentially adjusted, the mining tunneling process is simulated, the upper earth covering layer is naturally sunk, a mining sinking section is formed, and mining sinking simulation and soil evaporation simulation are performed.
S104, sample collection: the subsidence section is subjected to regional and layered data soil sample collection according to the soil depth, the subsidence basin stretching area and the extrusion area;
S105, data processing: processing the acquired data by using an intelligent terminal, and respectively calculating the soil evaporation capacity and the desalination rate of the stretching area and the extrusion area at different positions; and determining the change rule of the soil evaporation capacity and the desalination rate, and determining the soil water salt migration rule under the mining subsidence condition of the shallow coal seam.
The construction of the mining subsidence model provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
placing a cover-free and bottom-free transparent organic glass container in a groove of a steel panel with a bracket to serve as a container for containing soil; uniformly arranging 60 screw holes on a steel panel of the organic glassware;
15 movable panels are arranged above the steel panel of the organic glass vessel, four movable screws are used for supporting one movable panel, and the movable screws of each plane pass through the corresponding screw openings and are fixed by flat head screws;
paving a 2cm gypsum board above a fixed movable panel, filling soil, uniformly arranging a plurality of water and salt monitoring holes on one side surface of an organic glass vessel, which is vertical to the movable panel, and placing a data collector and a sensor in the water and salt monitoring holes to obtain a mining subsidence model.
The soil column loading method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
fully mixing soil with an aqueous solution with the mineralization degree of 3g/L to obtain a soil solution with the maximum saturated water content of 21%;
Paving a 2cm gypsum board into the constructed mining subsidence model, layering and filling soil every 10cm, controlling the soil volume weight to be 1.6g/cm 3, and roughening the layers to prevent layering effect. Standing for 24h.
The water solution with the mineralization degree of 3g/L provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following components: ion concentration ratio ：Na+:Cl-：CO3 2-:Ca2+:SO4 2-:Mg2+＝8:4:1:1:1:1.
The mining subsidence simulation based on the mining subsidence model after column filling provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
The heights of the left 3 movable panels and the right 3 movable panels of the 15 movable panels of the mining subsidence model are kept unchanged; and sequentially adjusting the heights of the middle 9 movable panels from the fourth movable panel in the left-to-right order by adjusting the distance and the heights of the screws, descending the movable panel by 10cm, horizontally propelling the movable panel by 10cm at intervals of 1h in the left-to-right order, simulating the mining tunneling process, naturally sinking the upper earth covering layer to form a mining subsidence section, and standing for 24h to obtain the mining subsidence model in the stable sinking stage.
The calculation of soil evaporation capacity and desalination rate of different depths and different stress areas on the subsidence section provided by the embodiment of the invention is shown as follows:
The 25 water salt monitoring holes are uniformly distributed on the side wall of the organic glass container, and are numbered 1-25 in sequence from left to right and from top to bottom. The observation points of the left stretching crack area after the sinking section is formed are No. 2, no. 7, no. 12, no. 17 and the observation points; the observation points in the extrusion compaction area are observation points No. 3, no. 8, no. 13, no. 18 and No. 23; the observation points at the right stretching crack zone are No. 4, no. 9, no. 14, no. 19 and No. 24.
The calculation formula of the soil moisture evaporation amount is as follows:
Wherein: epsilon represents the evaporation amount of soil moisture; epsilon i represents the unit of soil moisture content at the end of simulation; epsilon 0 represents the soil moisture content at the beginning of the simulation; s represents the volume weight of soil near the observation point; v represents the soil volume; n represents the number of observation points;
soil desalination rate calculation formula:
Wherein P represents the soil desalination rate; c 0 represents the initial salt content of the soil; c i represents the salt content of the soil at the end of the simulation; n represents the number of observation points.
As shown in fig. 2, the device for simulating the influence of mining subsidence on soil water salt migration provided by the embodiment of the invention is provided with:
A rectangular organic glass container without a cover and a bottom;
the rectangular organic glass container is placed in a clamping groove of the steel base; the steel base comprises 15 movable panels made of organic glass, a bottom plate made of stainless steel and containing perforated screws, and a stainless steel bracket;
The side wall of the organic glass container, which is perpendicular to the organic glass movable panel, is uniformly provided with 25 water salt monitoring holes.
The 15 organic glass movable panels provided by the embodiment of the invention are distributed side by side; the distance between the 15 movable panels made of organic glass and the stainless steel bottom plate containing the perforated screws is 15cm; and the height distance between the 15 organic glass movable panels and the ground is 35cm;
the 15 organic glass movable panels are filled with soil; each movable panel is supported by 4 movable screws of a stainless steel bottom plate containing perforated screws; the screw height of the screw is adjustable, and the maximum adjustable height is 15cm;
60 flat head screws are uniformly distributed on the stainless steel perforated screw bottom plate;
the water salt monitoring hole can be sealed by soft racing; the stainless steel support is provided with four corners, and the four corners are respectively provided with a triangular support with the height of 20 cm.
The device for simulating the influence of mining subsidence on soil water salt migration provided by the embodiment of the invention further comprises:
a data line;
One end of the data line is connected with a data collector and a sensor which are positioned in the soil; the other end of the data line passes through the water salt monitoring hole to be connected with an intelligent terminal.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments.
Examples:
A method and a device for researching the migration rule of soil water salt under the subsidence condition of shallow coal mining include a rectangular organic glass container without cover and bottom, and the size is as follows: 150 x 30 x 125 (units: cm). The side wall of the organic glass container is uniformly provided with 25 water salt monitoring holes for placing water salt monitoring probes. The organic glass container is placed in a clamping groove of a stainless steel base. The base consists of a movable panel made of organic glass, a bottom plate made of stainless steel and containing perforated screws, and a stainless steel bracket 3. Wherein, the distance between the movable panel made of organic glass and the stainless steel bottom plate containing the perforation screw is 15cm. The height of the movable panel made of organic glass is 35cm from the ground, and the movable panel consists of 15 movable panels. Each movable panel size: 10 x 30 x 1 (unit: cm). Each movable panel is supported by 4 movable screws of a stainless steel perforated screw-containing bottom plate. The stainless steel perforated screw bottom plate is evenly distributed with 60 flat head screws, and the length of each screw is 20cm. The flat head screw is used for supporting the upper movable panel. The lifting height of the movable panel can be adjusted by twisting the screw, and the maximum adjustable height is 15cm. Soil is filled above the movable panel, and the mining height is simulated through adjusting screws. 3 movable panels are respectively reserved at two ends of the bottom surface A, and the height is unchanged (15 cm). And the heights of the 9 movable panels are sequentially adjusted from the 4 th movable panel on the left to the right, the mining tunneling process is simulated, and the upper earth covering layer is naturally sunk to form a mining sunk section. Physical model similarity ratio 1:15. the inside of the subsidence soil body is uniformly distributed with 25 water salt monitoring points, the data lines are led out from 25 monitoring holes on the side wall of the organic glass container, the monitoring holes can be connected with an external host machine, and the monitoring holes can be sealed by soft plugs. The stainless steel bracket comprises four corners, and triangular brackets with the height of 20cm are respectively arranged.
According to the method, soil evaporation tests, water and salt data monitoring and water and salt data analysis under shallow coal seam mining subsidence disturbance are carried out based on a mining subsidence model, and soil moisture contents, evaporation capacity, desalination rate and change rules of the soil in different stress areas, different depths and different subsidence stages of the subsidence basin are calculated.
The method for researching the soil water salt migration law under the mining subsidence condition of the shallow coal seam comprises the following steps:
(1) And (5) establishing a mining subsidence model.
The device is an open cuboid, the size: 150 x 30 x 125 (units: cm). The bottom surface A consists of 15 movable panels. Each movable panel size: 10 x 30 x 1 (unit: cm). Each movable panel is supported by 4 movable screws on the bottom surface B, and the lifting height of the movable panel can be adjusted by twisting the screws, so that the maximum adjustable height is 15cm. Gypsum board with the thickness of 2cm is paved above the movable panel, soil is filled later, the mining height is simulated by adjusting the screw height, 3 movable panels are respectively reserved at the two ends of the bottom surface A, and the height is unchanged (15 cm). Physical model similarity ratio 1:15. the subsidence soil body is evenly distributed with 25 observation points.
(2) And (5) loading the soil column.
Firstly, fully mixing the tested soil with water solution with the mineralization degree of 3g/L (the ion concentration ratio ：Na+:Cl-：CO3 2-:Ca2+:SO4 2-:Mg2+＝8:4:1:1:1:1), maintaining the maximum saturated water content to be 21 percent, layering and filling soil every 10cm, controlling the volume weight of the tested soil to be 1.6g/cm 3, roughening the layers, preventing layering effect, standing for 24 hours, and balancing the water.
(3) Mining subsidence simulation.
And after the water balance, carrying out mining subsidence simulation on the test model. The heights of the 9 movable panels are sequentially adjusted from the 4 th movable panel on the left to the right, and the movable panels are lowered by 10cm. The horizontal pushing is performed every 1h from left to right for 10cm. And simulating the mining tunneling process to naturally subside the upper earth covering layer to form a mining subsidence section. And after 24 hours, reaching a stable sinking stage.
(4) And simulating a soil evaporation test.
Soil moisture and conductivity data were monitored in real time using a pre-installed EM50 data collector +5TE sensor. The measurement interval time of the EM50 monitor (soil doctor RS 485) is 30min, the instrument precision conductivity is 0-10000 us+/-3% FS, and the water content is 0-50% +/-2%. The water content of the soil is 12% under the influence of a 5TE sensor, and the test is ended. For 78 days.
(5) And (5) data acquisition.
After the steps are finished, carrying out zonal and layered data acquisition according to the depth, the subsidence basin stretching area and the extrusion area.
(6) And calculating the evaporation capacity and the desalination rate of the soil with different stress areas and different depths on the subsidence section.
The 25 water salt monitoring holes are uniformly distributed on the side wall of the organic glass container, and are numbered 1-25 in sequence from left to right and from top to bottom. The observation points of the left stretching crack area after the sinking section is formed are No. 2, no. 7, no. 12, no. 17 and the observation points; the observation points in the extrusion compaction area are observation points No. 3, no. 8, no. 13, no. 18 and No. 23; the observation points at the right stretching crack zone are No. 4, no. 9, no. 14, no. 19 and No. 24.
The calculation formula of the soil moisture evaporation amount is as follows:
Wherein: epsilon represents the evaporation amount of soil moisture; epsilon i represents the unit of soil moisture content at the end of simulation; epsilon 0 represents the soil moisture content at the beginning of the simulation; s represents the volume weight of soil near the observation point; v represents the soil volume; n represents the number of observation points;
soil desalination rate calculation formula:
Wherein P represents the soil desalination rate; c 0 represents the initial salt content of the soil; c i represents the salt content of the soil at the end of the simulation; n represents the number of observation points.
2. The device for researching the migration rule of the soil water salt under the subsidence condition of shallow coal seam exploitation comprises:
(1) Organic glass container.
(2) The movable panel is made of organic glass.
(3) A steel base. The base comprises a bottom plate containing stainless steel perforating screws and a bracket 3. Wherein:
Size of rectangular organic glass container without cover and bottom: 150 x 30 x 120 (unit: cm). The side wall of the organic glass container is uniformly provided with 25 water salt monitoring holes for placing water salt monitoring probes. The organic glass container is placed in a clamping groove of a stainless steel base. The base consists of a movable panel made of organic glass, a bottom plate made of stainless steel and containing perforated screws, and a stainless steel bracket 3. Wherein, the distance between the movable panel made of organic glass and the stainless steel bottom plate containing the perforation screw is 15cm. The height of the movable panel made of organic glass is 35cm from the ground, and the movable panel consists of 15 movable panels. Each movable panel size: 10 x 30 x 1 (unit: cm). Each movable panel is supported by 4 movable screws of a stainless steel perforated screw-containing bottom plate. The stainless steel perforated screw bottom plate is evenly distributed with 60 flat head screws, and the length of each screw is 20cm. The flat head screw is used for supporting the upper movable panel. The lifting height of the movable panel can be adjusted by twisting the screw, and the maximum adjustable height is 15cm. And paving a 2cm gypsum board above the movable panel, filling soil, and simulating the mining height through adjusting the screw height. 3 movable panels are respectively reserved at two ends of the bottom surface A, and the height is unchanged (15 cm). And the heights of the 9 movable panels are sequentially adjusted from the 4 th movable panel on the left to the right, the mining tunneling process is simulated, and the upper earth covering layer is naturally sunk to form a mining sunk section. Physical model similarity ratio 1:15. the inside of the subsidence soil body is uniformly distributed with 25 water salt monitoring points, the data lines are led out from 25 monitoring holes on the side wall of the organic glass container, the monitoring holes can be connected with an external host machine, and the monitoring holes can be sealed by soft plugs. The stainless steel bracket comprises four corners, and triangular brackets with the height of 20cm are respectively arranged.
The soil moisture evaporation capacity and the desalination rate of the crack area and the compaction area are drawn on the subsidence section, and are shown in fig. 4 and 5. The mining subsidence enables the soil evaporation capacity and the desalination rate of the tensile fracture zone to be obviously increased, and the soil evaporation capacity and the desalination rate of the compression stress zone to be obviously reduced.
The invention is further described below in connection with specific comparative experimental data.
Compared with the prior art, the method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the dynamic succession process of mining subsidence along with time is completely simulated in a short time, the change condition of soil water and salt in the dynamic succession process is monitored in real time, and the technical problem that on-site monitoring data caused by objective limiting factors such as the dynamic succession property of mining subsidence basin, limited depth of monitoring soil water, large area of the subsidence basin and the like is difficult to realize dynamic monitoring of the whole mining process is avoided.
TABLE 1 comparison of the present invention with the prior art
The foregoing is merely illustrative of specific embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the invention is not limited thereto, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method of modeling the effect of mining subsidence on soil water salt migration, the method comprising:
carrying out mining subsidence process simulation, soil evaporation process simulation, water salt data monitoring and water salt data analysis under mining subsidence disturbance of the shallow coal seam by using the constructed mining subsidence device, calculating soil evaporation capacity, desalination rate and change rules of the soil evaporation capacity, the desalination rate and the change rules of the soil evaporation capacity at different subsidence stages of the subsidence basin, and determining soil water salt migration rules under the mining subsidence condition of the shallow coal seam;
the method for simulating the influence of mining subsidence on soil water salt migration comprises the following steps:
Step one, constructing a mining subsidence model: placing a cover-free and bottom-free transparent organic glass container in a groove of a steel panel with a bracket to serve as a container for containing soil; placing the movable panels above the steel panels of the organic glassware in a discharging manner, supporting each movable panel by using four movable screws, paving a 2cm gypsum board above the fixed movable panels, filling water solution with the mineralization degree of 3g/L on the top board gypsum board, fully mixing to obtain a soil solution with the saturated water content of 21%, and carrying out soil column packing; the ion concentration ratio of the water solution with the mineralization degree of 3g/L is ：Na+:Cl-：CO3 2-:Ca2+:SO4 2-:Mg2+＝8:4:1:1:1:1;
Step two, data acquisition: the data collector and the sensor are placed in 25 water salt monitoring holes uniformly formed in the side surface of the organic glass ware, which is perpendicular to the movable panel, so as to monitor soil moisture and conductivity data in real time;
Thirdly, carrying out mining subsidence simulation based on the mining subsidence model after column filling: after the water balance, the heights of the movable panels are sequentially adjusted, the mining tunneling process is simulated, the upper earth covering layer naturally subsides to form a mining subsidence section, and mining subsidence simulation and soil evaporation simulation are performed;
step four, sample collection: the subsidence section is partitioned and layered with soil samples collected according to the soil depth, the subsidence basin stretching area and the extrusion area;
Step five, data processing: processing the data acquired in the second step by using an intelligent terminal, and respectively calculating the soil evaporation capacity and the desalination rate of the stretching area and the extrusion area at different positions; determining a change rule of the soil evaporation capacity and the desalination rate, and determining a soil water salt migration rule under the mining subsidence condition of the shallow coal seam;
In the first step, the constructing the mining subsidence model includes:
placing a cover-free and bottom-free transparent organic glass container in a groove of a steel panel with a bracket to serve as a container for containing soil; uniformly arranging 60 screw holes on a steel panel of the organic glassware;
15 movable panels are arranged above the steel panel of the organic glass vessel, four movable screws are used for supporting each movable panel, the movable screws of each plane penetrate through the corresponding screw openings, and flat head screws are used for fixing;
Paving a 2cm gypsum board above a fixed movable panel, filling soil on a top board gypsum board, uniformly arranging a plurality of water salt monitoring holes on one side surface of an organic glass vessel which is vertical to the movable panel, and placing a data collector and a sensor in the water salt monitoring holes to obtain a mining subsidence model;
the mining subsidence simulation based on the post-loading mining subsidence model comprises the following steps:
The heights of the left 3 movable panels and the right 3 movable panels of the 15 movable panels of the mining subsidence model are kept unchanged; sequentially adjusting the heights of the middle 9 movable panels from the fourth movable panel in the left-to-right order by adjusting the distance and the heights of the screws, descending the movable panel by 10cm, horizontally propelling the movable panel by 10cm at intervals of 1h in the left-to-right order, simulating a mining tunneling process, enabling an upper earth covering layer to naturally sink to form a mining subsidence section, and standing for 24h to obtain a mining subsidence model in a stable sinking stage;
the calculation of the soil evaporation amount and the desalination rate is shown as follows:
The calculation formula of the soil moisture evaporation amount is as follows:
Wherein: epsilon represents the evaporation amount of soil moisture; epsilon i represents the unit of soil moisture content at the end of simulation; epsilon 0 represents the soil moisture content at the beginning of the simulation; s represents the volume weight of soil near the observation point; v represents the soil volume; n represents the number of observation points;
soil desalination rate calculation formula:
Wherein P represents the soil desalination rate; c 0 represents the initial salt content of the soil; c i represents the salt content of the soil at the end of the simulation; n represents the number of observation points.
2. The method of modeling the effect of mining subsidence on aqueous salt transport of soil of claim 1 wherein in step one, the performing soil column loading comprises:
fully mixing soil with an aqueous solution with the mineralization degree of 3g/L to obtain a soil solution with the maximum saturated water content of 21%;
And (3) paving a layer of gypsum board with the thickness of 2cm on a movable panel in the constructed mining subsidence model in advance as a top plate, filling soil layer by layer every 10cm, controlling the soil volume weight to be 1.6g/cm 3, and standing for 24 hours.
3. An apparatus for simulating the effect of mining subsidence on brine migration for implementing the method for simulating the effect of mining subsidence on brine migration according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the apparatus for simulating the effect of mining subsidence on brine migration is provided with:
A rectangular organic glass container without a cover and a bottom;
The rectangular organic glass container is placed in a clamping groove of the steel base; the steel base comprises 15 movable panels made of organic glass, a bottom plate made of stainless steel and containing perforated screws, and a stainless steel bracket;
the side wall of the organic glass container, which is perpendicular to the organic glass movable panel, is uniformly provided with 25 water salt monitoring holes.
4. A device for simulating the effect of mining subsidence on soil water salt transport according to claim 3, wherein the 15 moving panels of plexiglas are arranged side by side; the distance between the 15 organic glass movable panels and the stainless steel perforated screw-containing bottom plate is 15cm; the height distance between the 15 organic glass movable panels and the ground is 35cm;
paving 2cm gypsum boards on the 15 organic glass movable panels, and filling soil;
each movable panel is supported by 4 movable screws of a stainless steel bottom plate containing perforated screws; the screw height of the movable screw is adjustable, and the maximum adjustable height is 15cm;
The stainless steel bottom plate with the perforated screws is uniformly provided with 60 flat head screws;
the water salt monitoring hole can be sealed by a soft plug; the stainless steel support is provided with four corners, and the four corners are respectively provided with a triangular support with the height of 20 cm.
5. The apparatus for modeling the effect of mining subsidence on soil water salt transport as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 4, further comprising:
a data line;
One end of the data line is connected with a data collector and a sensor which are positioned in the soil; the other end of the data line penetrates through the water salt monitoring hole to be connected with an intelligent terminal.
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| CN116448984B (en) * | 2023-04-20 | 2024-05-17 | 北京师范大学 | Multi-module integrated device and method for indoor simulation experiment of universe in wetland |
| CN116577481B (en) * | 2023-04-28 | 2024-04-09 | 安徽理工大学 | Coal mining subsidence four-water conversion physical monitoring device |
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