CN113075383A - Experimental device and method for simulating water and salt migration of saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Experimental device and method for simulating water and salt migration of saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN113075383A CN113075383A CN202110339659.XA CN202110339659A CN113075383A CN 113075383 A CN113075383 A CN 113075383A CN 202110339659 A CN202110339659 A CN 202110339659A CN 113075383 A CN113075383 A CN 113075383A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 390
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 256
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 160
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 21
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
- G01N13/04—Investigating osmotic effects
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- G01N33/245—
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
Abstract
The invention relates to a monitoring device, in particular to an experimental device and method for simulating water and salt migration of saline-alkali soil. The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the existing saline-alkali soil water and salt migration condition monitoring or experiment device is difficult to simultaneously adapt to water storage, water storage and irrigation, water storage and rainfall, irrigation and rainfall conditions, and the existing research on the salt migration mode and mechanism is focused on longitudinal research. Through the simulation with hold as leading, the saline and alkaline land improvement mode of water and land co-location, make water and soil direct contact, the monitoring initial stage produces great drive power because of the two salinity concentration gradient, force the salt content in the soil to disperse to the water, the salt content in soil and the water tends to near gradually, under the evaporation, when the catch basin water level constantly descends, the salt content crescent, this moment, the water of low water level high salt content takes the salt to more deep soil in, utilize rainfall or irrigate and also can accelerate the desalination of salinization soil arable layer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a monitoring device, in particular to an experimental device and method for simulating water and salt migration of saline-alkali soil.
Background
The salinization of soil is a serious problem facing the land resource, and the essence of the salinization problem is that the water and salt transport system of the soil is unbalanced, which causes excessive salt accumulation and further causes deterioration of the physicochemical properties of the soil. With the continuous increase of population and the continuous promotion of industrialization and urbanization processes, the ground spear of people is increasingly prominent, and saline-alkali soil is used as an important cultivated land backup resource, and the improvement and utilization of the saline-alkali soil are important measures for realizing agricultural sustainable development and food safety.
The natural conditions of saline-alkali soil generally determine the best improvement technical measures suitable for the saline-alkali soil. For example, the traditional saline-alkali soil treatment technology mainly depends on controlling the underground water level to drain water and wash salt, so that the prerequisite condition of treatment lies in establishing a healthy irrigation and drainage system. In the regions with low terrain, high underground water level, poor drainage condition and drought and water shortage, saline-alkali soil treatment selects 'fresh water storage in the agricultural ditches as a main part', applies the dispersion effect of salt in the horizontal direction and the circulating salt pressing mechanism, and presses saline-alkali ions below a plough layer by dynamically adjusting the water level of the water storage ditches. Although the improvement modes of the two measures are different, the two measures are essentially to improve the physicochemical properties of the saline-alkali soil by changing the spatial distribution of salt in the soil layer.
The dynamic monitoring of water and salt migration of the saline-alkali soil is a prerequisite and a foundation for researching the improvement of the saline-alkali soil and is also a necessary means. The soil water and salt regulation and control are carried out according to the water and salt dynamic monitoring experiment result, and the method has important significance for the development and demonstration and popularization of the saline-alkali soil improvement technology. However, most of the water and salt dynamic monitoring experimental device methods all use a single water body or a single soil as an object, saline-alkali soil is set into a soil column or a soil trough, water and salt migration in the soil in the rainfall or irrigation process is simulated, each water and salt dynamic monitoring experimental device is only suitable for a single application scene, and the salt migration mode and mechanism longitudinal research are more, so that the method has limitations. At present, a water and salt dynamic experimental device for simultaneously simulating water storage conditions, water storage and irrigation conditions, water storage and rainfall conditions and irrigation conditions is not available, so that the migration rule of two-phase salt of water and soil under multiple conditions is difficult to study by one device. In addition, the existing salt movement mode and mechanism research mostly adopts longitudinal movement research, and in fact, transverse movement research is more applicable. Therefore, a water and salt migration experiment device with simple operation and multiple functions is needed, which can simulate different experiment conditions and help researchers to quickly and accurately obtain required data.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the existing saline-alkali soil water and salt migration condition monitoring or experiment device is difficult to simultaneously adapt to water storage, water storage and irrigation, water storage and rainfall, irrigation and rainfall conditions, and the existing research on the salt migration mode and mechanism focuses on longitudinal research, and provides an experiment device and method for simulating saline-alkali soil water and salt migration.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical solution provided by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides an experimental device for simulating water and salt migration of saline-alkali soil, which is characterized in that:
the system comprises a flat car, a water tank, a saline-alkali soil box and a data acquisition unit;
the flat car comprises a supporting flat plate and sliding wheels arranged at the bottom of the supporting flat plate, wherein a limiting groove is formed in the surface of the supporting flat plate; the water tank and the saline-alkali soil tank are placed in the limiting groove;
the top of the saline-alkali soil box is open; a sieve pore is arranged on one side wall of the saline-alkali soil box, the height of the sieve pore is 1/10-1/3 of the height of the saline-alkali soil box, and a bottom plate of the saline-alkali soil box is detachably arranged at the bottom of the saline-alkali soil box through a first clamping groove a;
the water tank is a transparent tank body with a movable top cover and an opening on one side surface; the side surface of the opening of the water tank is arranged on the side wall of the saline-alkali soil tank, which is provided with the sieve pores, through a second clamping groove b; a permeable membrane is attached to the surface of one side, close to saline-alkali soil, of a sieve pore area of the wall of the saline-alkali soil box and is used for separating water contained in the water tank and saline-alkali soil contained in the saline-alkali soil box;
a first detection port is formed in the side wall of the water tank and is close to the bottom of the water tank, a three-way joint is arranged at the first detection port and is used for supplying water, draining water and collecting water samples, and a control water valve is arranged on an interface of the three-way joint, which is connected with the first detection port;
a second detection port and a third detection port are respectively formed in two side walls of the saline-alkali soil box; the second detection port comprises at least one row of through holes, each row of through holes are arranged in a group at intervals of a preset distance, each group of through holes comprises three through holes, and a sealing plug is arranged in each through hole; the third detection port comprises three rows of through holes which are respectively arranged in the upper, middle and lower areas of the wall of the saline-alkali soil box, each row comprises a plurality of groups of through holes, one group of through holes is arranged at intervals of a preset distance, each group of through holes comprises three through holes, and a sealing plug is arranged in each through hole;
the data acquisition unit comprises a data acquisition unit host with a display screen and a plurality of data converters connected with the data acquisition unit host through interfaces; each data converter comprises three sensors, namely a conductivity sensor, a pH value sensor and a temperature sensor, wherein the temperature measured by the temperature sensor is used for compensating the conductivity and the pH value; among the sensors corresponding to the plurality of data converters, one group of sensors are used for detecting the water sample collected from the first detection port, and probes of the other sensors are respectively inserted into all through holes of the second detection port and the third detection port.
Furthermore, the second detection port has a plurality of columns, and is distributed at different positions of the wall of the saline-alkali soil box.
Furthermore, the height of the saline-alkali soil box and the height of the water tank are both 0.5-1.5 m;
the predetermined distance is 10-20 cm.
The invention also provides an experimental method for simulating the water and salt migration of the salinized soil, which is characterized in that the experimental device for simulating the water and salt migration of the salinized soil comprises the following steps:
1) selecting sedimentary matrix-developed saline-alkaline soil, determining an excavation position, removing soil surface layer floating soil, excavating a soil exposed section, selecting saline-alkaline soil boxes with proper height according to the soil section level distribution, vertically pressing the bottom edges of the saline-alkaline soil boxes into the soil, exerting force to stably press the saline-alkaline soil boxes into the soil until the saline-alkaline soil boxes are full of soil samples, then cleaning the soil around the saline-alkaline soil boxes, taking out the saline-alkaline soil boxes full of soil, cutting off redundant soil at the upper and lower ends of the saline-alkaline soil boxes, pushing the bottom plates of the saline-alkaline soil boxes into the box bottoms through first clamping grooves a at the bottoms of the saline-alkaline soil boxes, and smearing sealant at the first clamping grooves a; then, the water tank is connected to the saline-alkali soil tank through a second clamping groove b, and sealant is coated on the second clamping groove b;
2) injecting fresh water into the water tank through the first detection port, wherein the water surface is higher than the sieve pores, collecting a water sample, and detecting the electric conductivity and pH value data of the water sample by using a data collector;
3) reading the conductivity and pH value data of the saline-alkali soil in real time through a data acquisition unit;
4) and measuring the conductivity and pH value data of the water sample of the water tank once every a period of time, comparing the measured data with the conductivity and pH value data of the saline-alkali soil at the same period of time, and monitoring the water and salt migration condition under the condition of fresh water storage until the conductivity and pH value of the water body 5 and the saline-alkali soil 6 are stable.
Further, step 4) is followed by:
A) after the conductivity values and the pH values of the water body and the saline-alkali soil are stable, the top cover of the water tank is closed, the experimental device for simulating the water salt migration of the saline-alkali soil is moved outdoors, the conductivity and the pH value data of the water sample of the water tank are measured once at intervals, the comparison with the conductivity and the pH value data of the saline-alkali soil at the same time is carried out, and the water salt migration condition in a natural evaporation state is monitored.
Further, step 4) is followed by:
B) selecting one of three irrigation forms of flood irrigation, drip irrigation and spray irrigation, respectively setting different irrigation amounts and different irrigation strengths, irrigating the saline-alkali soil surface layer with the stable conductivity value and pH value obtained in the step 4), measuring the conductivity and pH value data of the water sample of the water tank at intervals, comparing the measured conductivity and pH value data with the conductivity and pH value data of the saline-alkali soil at the same time, and monitoring the water and salt migration conditions of the fresh water storage mode and the saline-alkali soil under different irrigation forms, different irrigation amounts and different irrigation strengths.
Further, step 4) is followed by:
C) different precipitation amounts and different precipitation strengths are set, the conductivity and pH value data of a water sample of the water tank are measured once every a period of time on the saline-alkali soil surface layer after the conductivity values and the pH values obtained in the step 4) of uniform precipitation are stable, the conductivity and the pH value data of the saline-alkali soil in the same period are compared, and the water-salt migration condition of the fresh water storage and the different precipitation amounts and the different precipitation strengths is monitored.
The invention also provides an experimental method for simulating the water and salt migration of the salinized soil, which is characterized in that the experimental device for simulating the water and salt migration of the salinized soil comprises the following steps:
1) selecting sedimentary matrix-developed saline-alkaline soil, determining an excavation position, removing soil surface layer floating soil, excavating a soil exposed section, selecting saline-alkaline soil boxes with proper height according to the soil section level distribution, vertically pressing the bottom edges of the saline-alkaline soil boxes into the soil, exerting force to stably press the saline-alkaline soil boxes into the soil until the saline-alkaline soil boxes are full of soil samples, then cleaning the soil around the saline-alkaline soil boxes, taking out the saline-alkaline soil boxes full of soil, cutting off redundant soil at the upper and lower ends of the saline-alkaline soil boxes, pushing the bottom plates of the saline-alkaline soil boxes into the box bottoms through first clamping grooves a at the bottoms of the saline-alkaline soil boxes, and smearing sealant at the first clamping grooves a; then, the water tank is connected to the saline-alkali soil tank through a second clamping groove b, and sealant is coated on the second clamping groove b;
2) selecting one of three irrigation forms of simulating flood irrigation, drip irrigation and spray irrigation, respectively setting different irrigation amounts and different irrigation strengths, irrigating the surface layer of the saline-alkali soil obtained in the step 1), measuring the conductivity and pH value data of a water sample of a water tank at intervals, comparing the conductivity and pH value data of the saline-alkali soil of the same section with the conductivity and pH value data of the saline-alkali soil of the same section, and monitoring the water and salt migration conditions under different irrigation forms, different irrigation amounts and different irrigation strengths.
The invention also provides an experimental method for simulating the water and salt migration of the salinized soil, which is characterized in that the experimental device for simulating the water and salt migration of the salinized soil comprises the following steps:
1) selecting sedimentary matrix-developed saline-alkaline soil, determining an excavation position, removing soil surface layer floating soil, excavating a soil exposed section, selecting saline-alkaline soil boxes with proper height according to the soil section level distribution, vertically pressing the bottom edges of the saline-alkaline soil boxes into the soil, exerting force to stably press the saline-alkaline soil boxes into the soil until the saline-alkaline soil boxes are full of soil samples, then cleaning the soil around the saline-alkaline soil boxes, taking out the saline-alkaline soil boxes full of soil, cutting off redundant soil at the upper and lower ends of the saline-alkaline soil boxes, pushing the bottom plates of the saline-alkaline soil boxes into the box bottoms through first clamping grooves a at the bottoms of the saline-alkaline soil boxes, and smearing sealant at the first clamping grooves a; then, the water tank is connected to the saline-alkali soil tank through a second clamping groove b, and sealant is coated on the second clamping groove b;
2) different precipitation amounts and different precipitation strengths are set, the water is uniformly reduced to the saline-alkali soil surface layer obtained in the step 1), the conductivity and pH value data of a water sample of the water tank are measured at intervals, the conductivity and pH value data of the saline-alkali soil in the same section are compared, and the water and salt migration conditions under different precipitation amounts and different precipitation strengths are monitored.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the experimental device and the method for simulating the water and salt migration of the salinized soil provided by the invention have the advantages that the water body is directly contacted with the soil by simulating a saline-alkali soil improvement mode with the storage as a main part and the water land co-located, the salt content in the soil is forced to disperse to the water body due to the larger driving force generated by the salt concentration gradient of the water body and the water land in the initial monitoring stage, the salt content in the soil and the salt content in the water body gradually tends to be close, the water level of a water storage ditch is continuously reduced under the evaporation effect, the salt content is gradually increased, at the moment, the water body with low water level and high salt content carries the salt to deeper soil, the desalting of a salinized soil plough layer (surface soil) can be accelerated by utilizing or irrigating, the crops of the plough layer can normally grow, and the salt migration mode and the mechanism research are innovatively changed from. The device is simple, the method is easy to implement, the application range is wide, and the method can be simultaneously suitable for simulation experiments of water storage conditions, water storage and irrigation, water storage and rainfall, irrigation and rainfall salinization soil water and salt migration conditions.
2. The experimental device and the method for simulating the water and salt migration of the salinized soil provided by the invention can directly sample undisturbed soil, and can prevent the situation that the monitoring result data is inaccurate due to the short flow of a water body caused by the untight joint of a soil sample laid in the later period and the wall of the tank. And sealant is coated at the clamping groove, so that water leakage at the joint of the clamping groove can be prevented.
3. The experimental device and the method for simulating the water and salt migration of the salinized soil can simulate the salt migration between two phases of the water body and the soil of the impoundment ditch under the condition of impoundment of sedimentary matrix developed saline-alkali soil, and can be used for scientific research of a dynamic circulating salt pressing driving mechanism under the condition of impoundment.
4. The experimental device and the method for simulating the water and salt migration of the saline-alkali soil can simulate the salt migration rule between a water body and the soil under the comprehensive action of a water storage mode and irrigation or rainfall with different amounts and different strengths so as to evaluate the contribution rate of each action condition on flushing or diffusing high-concentration salt of a saline-alkali soil plough layer into a deep soil saturated layer and a water storage ditch, and finally achieve the purpose of vertically distributing the salt of the soil from the plough layer to the saturated layer and ensuring the benign development of the soil plough layer.
5. The experimental device and the method for simulating the water and salt migration of the saline-alkali soil can be used for simulating actual conditions such as water withdrawal, irrigation salt washing, rainwater washing and the like of an irrigation area, namely monitoring the dynamic changes of the content of two-phase salt in water and soil and the pH value by controlling evaporation and adjusting the water level to rise and fall, and comparing and screening the optimal improvement measures of the saline-alkali soil with different cause types.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental device for simulating water and salt migration in saline-alkali soil according to the present invention, in which a water body and saline-alkali soil to be monitored are also shown, and a control water valve and a sealing plug, a top cover of a water tank and a data acquisition unit are not shown;
FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a saline-alkali soil box of an experimental device for simulating water and salt migration of saline-alkali soil according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a saline-alkali soil box wall with sieve holes of the experimental device for simulating water and salt migration of saline-alkali soil according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a data acquisition unit of the experimental apparatus for simulating water and salt migration in saline-alkali soil according to the present invention, in which only one set of sensors of the data acquisition unit is shown;
description of reference numerals:
the device comprises a flat car 1, a support flat plate 11, a sliding wheel 12, a water tank 2, a saline-alkali soil tank 3, a bottom plate 31, a first clamping groove a second clamping groove b, a data collector 4, a data collector host 41, a sensor 42, a data converter 43, a water body 5, saline-alkali soil 6, a first detection port 7, a second detection port 8, a third detection port 9 and a sieve mesh 10.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments.
An experimental device for simulating water and salt migration of saline-alkali soil comprises a flat car 1, a water tank 2, a saline-alkali soil tank 3 and a data collector 4; the flat car 1 comprises a support flat plate 11 and a sliding wheel 12 arranged at the bottom of the support flat plate 11, wherein a limiting groove is formed in the surface of the support flat plate 11; the water tank 2 and the saline-alkali soil tank 3 are placed in the limiting groove; the top of the saline-alkali soil box 3 is open; a screen hole 10 is formed in one side wall of the saline-alkali soil box 3, the height of the screen hole 10 is 1/10-1/3 of the height of the saline-alkali soil box 3, and a bottom plate 31 of the saline-alkali soil box 3 is detachably mounted at the bottom of the saline-alkali soil box 3 through a first clamping groove a; the water tank 2 is a transparent tank body with a movable top cover and an opening on one side surface; the side surface of the opening of the water tank 2 is arranged on the side wall of the saline-alkali soil tank 3 provided with the sieve pores 10 through a second clamping groove b; the screen hole area of 3 tank walls of saline-alkali soil box is pasted with the permeable membrane on the surface of a side close to saline-alkali soil 6 for separating water 5 contained in the water tank 2 and saline-alkali soil 6 contained in the saline-alkali soil box 3.
A first detection port 7 is formed in the side wall of the water tank 2, the first detection port 7 is close to the bottom of the water tank 2, a three-way joint is arranged at the first detection port 7 and used for water supply, drainage and water sample collection, and a control water valve is arranged on an interface of the three-way joint, which is connected with the first detection port 7; a second detection port 8 and a third detection port 9 are respectively formed in two side walls of the saline-alkali soil box 3; the second detection port 8 comprises at least one row of through holes (the second detection port 8 has a plurality of rows which are distributed at different positions of the wall of the saline-alkali soil box 3), each row of through holes is arranged in a group at intervals of a preset distance, each group of through holes comprises three through holes, and a sealing plug is arranged in each through hole; the third detection port 9 comprises three rows of through holes which are respectively arranged in the upper, middle and lower areas of the wall of the saline-alkali soil box 3, each row comprises a plurality of groups of through holes, one group of through holes is arranged at intervals of a preset distance, each group of through holes comprises three through holes, and a sealing plug is arranged in each through hole;
the data collector 4 comprises a data collector host 41 with a display screen and a plurality of data converters 43 connected with the data collector host 41 through interfaces; each data converter 43 comprises three sensors 42, respectively a conductivity sensor, a pH sensor and a temperature sensor, the temperature measured by the temperature sensor being used to compensate the conductivity and pH; the plurality of data converters 43 correspond to the sensors 42, wherein one group of the sensors 42 is used for detecting the water sample collected from the first detection port 7, and the probes of the other sensors 42 are respectively inserted into all the through holes of the second detection port 8 and the third detection port 9.
The invention also provides an experimental method for simulating the water and salt migration of the saline-alkali soil, and the experimental device for simulating the water and salt migration of the saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
1) selecting sedimentary matrix-developed saline-alkaline soil, determining an excavation position, removing soil surface layer floating soil, excavating a soil section exposed, selecting the saline-alkaline soil box 3 with a proper height according to the soil section level distribution, vertically pressing the bottom edge of the saline-alkaline soil box 3 into the soil, stably applying force when pressing the saline-alkaline soil box 3 into the soil until the saline-alkaline soil box 3 is filled with a soil sample, then cleaning the soil around the saline-alkaline soil box 3, taking out the saline-alkaline soil box 3 filled with the soil, cutting off redundant soil at the upper end and the lower end of the saline-alkaline soil box 3, pushing the bottom plate of the saline-alkaline soil box 3 into the bottom of the box through a first clamping groove a at the bottom of the saline-alkaline soil box 3, and smearing sealant at the first clamping groove a; then, the water tank 2 is connected to the saline-alkali soil tank 3 through a second clamping groove b, and sealant is coated at the second clamping groove b;
2) fresh water with the depth of 20cm is injected into the water tank 2 through the first detection port 7, the water level is higher than the sieve pores 10, 10mL of water sample is collected, and the data acquisition unit 4 is used for detecting the electric conductivity and pH value data of the water sample;
3) reading the conductivity and pH value data of the saline-alkali soil 6 in real time through the data collector 4;
4) and measuring the conductivity and pH value data of the water sample in the water tank 2 at intervals (for example, every time the water depth of the water tank 2 is reduced by 1cm), comparing the measured conductivity and pH value data with the conductivity and pH value data of the saline-alkali soil 6 at the same time, and monitoring the water and salt migration condition under the condition of fresh water until the conductivity and pH value of the water body 5 and the saline-alkali soil 6 are stable.
Of course, step 4) may be followed by:
A) after the conductivity values and the pH values of the water body 5 and the saline-alkali soil 6 are stable, in order to simulate the influence of soil moisture evaporation on the water and soil salinity migration condition, the top cover of the water tank 2 is closed, the experimental device for simulating the water and salt migration of the saline-alkali soil is moved outdoors, the conductivity and the pH value data of the water sample of the water tank 2 are measured once every other period of time and compared with the conductivity and the pH value data of the saline-alkali soil 6 at the same period of time, and the water and salt migration condition in a natural evaporation state is monitored.
Of course, step 4) may be followed by:
B) selecting one of three irrigation modes of flood irrigation, drip irrigation and spray irrigation, respectively setting different irrigation amounts and different irrigation strengths, and irrigating the saline-alkali soil 6 surface layer with stable conductivity value and pH value obtained in the step 4), so as to prevent irrigation water from forming runoff along the surface of the saline-alkali soil 6 and entering a water body under the flood irrigation condition to influence the water and salt migration monitoring result, and the function of the sieve plate 10 can be fully utilized to achieve the purposes of prolonging the contact time of the irrigation water and the soil surface and fully infiltrating. And measuring the conductivity and pH value data of the water sample of the water tank 2 at intervals (for example, every 10cm of water depth of the water tank 2 is increased), comparing the measured conductivity and pH value data with the conductivity and pH value data of the saline-alkali soil 6 at the same time, and monitoring the water and salt migration conditions of the fresh water storage mode and different irrigation forms, different irrigation amounts and different irrigation strengths.
Of course, step 4) may be followed by:
C) setting different precipitation amounts and different precipitation strengths, measuring the conductivity and pH value data of the water sample of the water tank 2 once on the saline-alkali soil 6 surface layer after the conductivity value and the pH value obtained in the step 4) of uniform precipitation are stable at intervals (for example, every 10cm of water depth of the water tank 2 is increased), comparing the conductivity and the pH value data with the conductivity and the pH value data of the saline-alkali soil 6 at the same time, and monitoring the water and salt migration conditions of the fresh water and the different precipitation amounts and different precipitation strengths.
The invention also provides an experimental method for simulating the water and salt migration of the saline-alkali soil, and the experimental device for simulating the water and salt migration of the saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
1) selecting sedimentary matrix-developed saline-alkaline soil, determining an excavation position, removing soil surface layer floating soil, excavating a soil section exposed, selecting the saline-alkaline soil box 3 with a proper height according to the soil section level distribution, vertically pressing the bottom edge of the saline-alkaline soil box 3 into the soil, stably applying force when pressing the saline-alkaline soil box 3 into the soil until the saline-alkaline soil box 3 is filled with a soil sample, then cleaning the soil around the saline-alkaline soil box 3, taking out the saline-alkaline soil box 3 filled with the soil, cutting off redundant soil at the upper end and the lower end of the saline-alkaline soil box 3, pushing the bottom plate of the saline-alkaline soil box 3 into the bottom of the box through a first clamping groove a at the bottom of the saline-alkaline soil box 3, and smearing sealant at the first clamping groove a; then, the water tank 2 is connected to the saline-alkali soil tank 3 through a second clamping groove b, and sealant is coated at the second clamping groove b;
2) selecting one of three irrigation forms of simulating flood irrigation, drip irrigation and spray irrigation, respectively setting different irrigation amounts and different irrigation strengths, irrigating the surface layer of the saline-alkali soil 6 obtained in the step 1), measuring the conductivity and pH value data of the water sample of the primary water tank 2 at intervals of a period of time (for example, when the water depth of the water tank 2 rises by 10cm), comparing the measured conductivity and pH value data with the conductivity and pH value data of the saline-alkali soil 6 at the same period of time, and monitoring the water and salt migration conditions under different irrigation forms, different irrigation amounts and different irrigation strengths.
The invention also provides an experimental method for simulating the water and salt migration of the saline-alkali soil, and the experimental device for simulating the water and salt migration of the saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
1) selecting sedimentary matrix-developed saline-alkaline soil, determining an excavation position, removing soil surface layer floating soil, excavating a soil section exposed, selecting the saline-alkaline soil box 3 with a proper height according to the soil section level distribution, vertically pressing the bottom edge of the saline-alkaline soil box 3 into the soil, stably applying force when pressing the saline-alkaline soil box 3 into the soil until the saline-alkaline soil box 3 is filled with a soil sample, then cleaning the soil around the saline-alkaline soil box 3, taking out the saline-alkaline soil box 3 filled with the soil, cutting off redundant soil at the upper end and the lower end of the saline-alkaline soil box 3, pushing the bottom plate of the saline-alkaline soil box 3 into the bottom of the box through a first clamping groove a at the bottom of the saline-alkaline soil box 3, and smearing sealant at the first clamping groove a; then, the water tank 2 is connected to the saline-alkali soil tank 3 through a second clamping groove b, and sealant is coated at the second clamping groove b;
2) different precipitation amounts and different precipitation strengths are set, the saline-alkali soil 6 surface layer obtained in the step 1) is uniformly subjected to precipitation, the conductivity and pH value data of the water sample in the water tank 2 are measured at intervals (for example, the water depth of the water tank 2 is increased by 2cm), the conductivity and pH value data of the saline-alkali soil 6 in the same period are compared, and the water and salt migration conditions under different precipitation amounts and different precipitation strengths are monitored.
The device can be used for monitoring the water storage condition, the outdoor evaporation condition, different irrigation modes, different irrigation amounts and different irrigation strengths, different rainfall amounts and different rainfall strengths, the migration conditions of the water and soil two-phase salt ions under the conditions of fresh water storage, different irrigation modes, different irrigation amounts and different irrigation strengths, different rainfall amounts and different rainfall strengths.
In the initial stage of the experiment of starting to add water, irrigation water or precipitation, the infiltration rate of water entering the saline-alkali soil 6 can be calculated by timing, and runoff can be generated or not, and seepage liquid can exist or not.
Of course, the height of the saline-alkali soil box 3 and the water tank 2 and the predetermined distance can be set according to the requirements of specific application scenarios, such as: the height of the saline-alkali soil box 3 and the water tank 2 is 0.5-1.5 m; the predetermined distance is 10-20 cm.
The experimental device and the method for simulating the water and salt migration of the salinized soil provided by the invention can realize the following three purposes:
1. the salt migration between the water body and the soil of the water storage ditch under the condition of water storage of the sedimentary parent substance development saline-alkali soil can be simulated, and the method can be used for scientific research of a dynamic circulating salt pressing driving mechanism under the condition of water storage.
2. Under the comprehensive action of a water storage mode and irrigation or rainfall with different quantities and different intensities, the salt migration rule between a water body and soil can be simulated so as to evaluate the contribution rate of each action condition on flushing or diffusing high-concentration salt in a saline-alkali soil plough layer into a deep soil saturated layer and a water storage ditch, and finally, the aim of vertically distributing the salt in the soil from the plough layer to the saturated layer and ensuring the benign development of the soil plough layer is fulfilled.
3. The method can simulate the actual conditions of water return, irrigation salt washing, rain wash and the like in an irrigation area, namely, the method monitors the dynamic changes of the content of two-phase salt in water and soil and the pH value by controlling evaporation and adjusting the water level to rise and fall, and compares and screens the optimal improvement measures of the saline-alkali soil with different cause types.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same, and it is obvious for a person skilled in the art to modify the specific technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or to substitute part of the technical features, and these modifications or substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions protected by the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides an experimental apparatus for simulation salinization soil water salt migration which characterized in that:
comprises a flat car (1), a water tank (2), a saline-alkali soil box (3) and a data collector (4);
the flat car (1) comprises a support flat plate (11) and a sliding wheel (12) arranged at the bottom of the support flat plate (11), wherein a limiting groove is formed in the surface of the support flat plate (11); the water tank (2) and the saline-alkali soil tank (3) are placed in the limiting groove;
the top of the saline-alkali soil box (3) is open; a sieve pore (10) is arranged on one side wall of the saline-alkali soil box (3), the height of the sieve pore (10) is 1/10-1/3 of the height of the saline-alkali soil box (3), and a bottom plate (31) of the saline-alkali soil box (3) is detachably arranged at the bottom of the saline-alkali soil box (3) through a first clamping groove a;
the water tank (2) is a transparent tank body with a movable top cover and an opening on one side surface; the side surface of the opening of the water tank (2) is arranged on the side wall of the saline-alkali soil tank (3) provided with the sieve pores (10) through a second clamping groove b; a permeable membrane is adhered to the surface of one side, close to the saline-alkali soil (6), of the sieve hole area of the wall of the saline-alkali soil box (3) and is used for separating a water body (5) contained in the water tank (2) and saline-alkali soil (6) contained in the saline-alkali soil box (3);
a first detection port (7) is formed in the side wall of the water tank (2), the first detection port (7) is close to the bottom of the water tank (2), a tee joint is arranged at the first detection port (7) and used for water supply, drainage and water sample collection, and a control water valve is arranged on an interface of the tee joint, which is connected with the first detection port (7);
a second detection port (8) and a third detection port (9) are respectively formed in two side walls of the saline-alkali soil box (3); the second detection port (8) comprises at least one row of through holes, each row of through holes are arranged in a group at intervals of a preset distance, each group of through holes comprises three through holes, and a sealing plug is arranged in each through hole; the third detection port (9) comprises three rows of through holes which are respectively arranged in the upper, middle and lower areas of the wall of the saline-alkali soil box (3), each row comprises a plurality of groups of through holes, one group of through holes is arranged at intervals of a preset distance, each group of through holes comprises three through holes, and a sealing plug is arranged in each through hole;
the data collector (4) comprises a data collector host (41) with a display screen and a plurality of data converters (43) connected with the data collector host (41) through interfaces; each data converter (43) comprises three sensors (42), namely a conductivity sensor, a pH value sensor and a temperature sensor, wherein the temperature measured by the temperature sensor is used for compensating the conductivity and the pH value; and in the sensors (42) corresponding to the data converters (43), one group of the sensors (42) is used for detecting the water sample collected from the first detection port (7), and probes of the other sensors (42) are respectively inserted into all through holes of the second detection port (8) and the third detection port (9).
2. The experimental facility for simulating water and salt migration of saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein:
the second detection ports (8) are provided with a plurality of rows and distributed at different positions of the wall of the saline-alkali soil box (3).
3. The experimental facility for simulating the water and salt migration of saline-alkali soil according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:
the height of the saline-alkali soil box (3) and the height of the water tank (2) are both 0.5-1.5 m;
the predetermined distance is 10-20 cm.
4. An experimental method for simulating the water and salt migration of saline-alkali soil, which is characterized in that the experimental device for simulating the water and salt migration of saline-alkali soil based on any one of claims 1 to 3 comprises the following steps:
1) selecting sedimentary matrix-developed saline-alkaline soil, determining an excavation position, removing soil surface layer floating soil, excavating a soil section exposed, selecting the saline-alkaline soil box (3) with a proper height according to the soil section level distribution, vertically pressing the bottom edge of the saline-alkaline soil box (3) into the soil, exerting force to stably press the saline-alkaline soil box (3) into the soil until the saline-alkaline soil box (3) is filled with a soil sample, then cleaning the soil around the saline-alkaline soil box (3), taking out the saline-alkaline soil box (3) filled with the soil, cutting off redundant soil at the upper end and the lower end of the saline-alkaline soil box (3), pushing the bottom plate of the saline-alkaline soil box (3) into the box bottom through a first clamping groove a at the bottom of the saline-alkaline soil box (3), and smearing sealant at the first clamping groove a; then, the water tank (2) is connected to the saline-alkali soil tank (3) through a second clamping groove b, and sealant is coated at the second clamping groove b;
2) fresh water is injected into the water tank (2) through the first detection port (7), the water level is higher than the sieve pores (10), a water sample is collected, and the data of the conductivity and the pH value of the water sample are detected by the data collector (4);
3) reading the conductivity and pH value data of the saline-alkali soil (6) in real time through a data acquisition unit (4);
4) and measuring the conductivity and pH value data of the water sample of the water tank (2) at intervals, comparing the measured conductivity and pH value data with the conductivity and pH value data of the saline-alkali soil (6) at the same time, and monitoring the water and salt migration condition under the condition of fresh water until the conductivity and pH value of the water body (5) and the saline-alkali soil (6) are stable.
5. The experimental method for simulating water and salt migration in saline-alkali soil according to claim 4, further comprising the following steps after the step 4):
A) after the conductivity values and the pH values of the water body (5) and the saline-alkali soil (6) are stable, the top cover of the water tank (2) is closed, the experimental device for simulating the water-salt migration of the saline-alkali soil is moved outdoors, the conductivity and the pH value data of the water sample of the water tank (2) are measured once every other period of time, the measured conductivity and the pH value data of the saline-alkali soil (6) at the same period of time are compared, and the water-salt migration condition in a natural evaporation state is monitored.
6. The experimental method for simulating water and salt migration in saline-alkali soil according to claim 4, further comprising the following steps after the step 4):
B) selecting one of three irrigation forms of flood irrigation, drip irrigation and spray irrigation, respectively setting different irrigation amounts and different irrigation strengths, irrigating the surface layer of the saline-alkali soil (6) with stable conductivity and pH value obtained in the step 4), measuring the conductivity and pH value data of the water sample of the water tank (2) at intervals, comparing the measured conductivity and pH value data with the conductivity and pH value data of the saline-alkali soil (6) at the same time, and monitoring the water-salt migration condition of the fresh water storage mode and the water-salt migration condition under different irrigation forms, different irrigation amounts and different irrigation strengths.
7. The experimental method for simulating water and salt migration in saline-alkali soil according to claim 4, further comprising the following steps after the step 4):
C) different precipitation amounts and different precipitation strengths are set, the conductivity and pH value data of the water sample of the water tank (2) are measured once at intervals on the surface layer of the saline-alkali soil (6) after the conductivity values and the pH values obtained in the step 4) are stable during uniform precipitation, the conductivity and the pH value data of the saline-alkali soil (6) in the same period are compared, and the water salt migration condition of the fresh water storage and the different precipitation amounts and the different precipitation strengths is monitored.
8. An experimental method for simulating the water and salt migration of saline-alkali soil, which is characterized in that the experimental device for simulating the water and salt migration of saline-alkali soil based on any one of claims 1 to 3 comprises the following steps:
1) selecting sedimentary matrix-developed saline-alkaline soil, determining an excavation position, removing soil surface layer floating soil, excavating a soil section exposed, selecting the saline-alkaline soil box (3) with a proper height according to the soil section level distribution, vertically pressing the bottom edge of the saline-alkaline soil box (3) into the soil, exerting force to stably press the saline-alkaline soil box (3) into the soil until the saline-alkaline soil box (3) is filled with a soil sample, then cleaning the soil around the saline-alkaline soil box (3), taking out the saline-alkaline soil box (3) filled with the soil, cutting off redundant soil at the upper end and the lower end of the saline-alkaline soil box (3), pushing the bottom plate of the saline-alkaline soil box (3) into the box bottom through a first clamping groove a at the bottom of the saline-alkaline soil box (3), and smearing sealant at the first clamping groove a; then, the water tank (2) is connected to the saline-alkali soil tank (3) through a second clamping groove b, and sealant is coated at the second clamping groove b;
2) selecting one of three irrigation forms of simulating flood irrigation, drip irrigation and spray irrigation, respectively setting different irrigation amounts and different irrigation strengths, irrigating the surface layer of the saline-alkali soil (6) obtained in the step 1), measuring the conductivity and pH value data of the water sample of the water tank (2) once at intervals, comparing the measured conductivity and pH value data with the conductivity and pH value data of the saline-alkali soil (6) at the same time period, and monitoring the water and salt migration conditions under different irrigation forms, different irrigation amounts and different irrigation strengths.
9. An experimental method for simulating the water and salt migration of saline-alkali soil, which is characterized in that the experimental device for simulating the water and salt migration of saline-alkali soil based on any one of claims 1 to 3 comprises the following steps:
1) selecting sedimentary matrix-developed saline-alkaline soil, determining an excavation position, removing soil surface layer floating soil, excavating a soil section exposed, selecting the saline-alkaline soil box (3) with a proper height according to the soil section level distribution, vertically pressing the bottom edge of the saline-alkaline soil box (3) into the soil, exerting force to stably press the saline-alkaline soil box (3) into the soil until the saline-alkaline soil box (3) is filled with a soil sample, then cleaning the soil around the saline-alkaline soil box (3), taking out the saline-alkaline soil box (3) filled with the soil, cutting off redundant soil at the upper end and the lower end of the saline-alkaline soil box (3), pushing the bottom plate of the saline-alkaline soil box (3) into the box bottom through a first clamping groove a at the bottom of the saline-alkaline soil box (3), and smearing sealant at the first clamping groove a; then, the water tank (2) is connected to the saline-alkali soil tank (3) through a second clamping groove b, and sealant is coated at the second clamping groove b;
2) set up different precipitation and different precipitation intensity, even precipitation to step 1) gained saline-alkali soil (6) top layer, every a period, measure the conductivity and the pH value data of water tank (2) water sample once, compare with the conductivity and the pH value data of saline-alkali soil (6) of section simultaneously, the water salt migration condition under the different precipitation of monitoring and different precipitation intensity.
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