CN111289723A - Experimental device for simulating water and salt movement of inland saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Experimental device for simulating water and salt movement of inland saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses an experimental device for simulating water and salt movement of inland saline-alkali soil, which comprises a soil box for filling a saline-alkali soil body to be tested, water tanks at two sides of the soil box, an evaporation box arranged at the top end of a soil column, a movable pipe network type rainfall simulation device and an online monitoring system consisting of water, salt, soil water potential and temperature sensors arranged in the soil box. The indoor simulation coastal area saline-alkali soil salinity, moisture and heat migration experiment device is simple in structure, easy to operate, capable of detecting and recording data in real time, capable of being used for performing indoor simulation coastal area saline-alkali soil salinity, moisture and heat migration experiments, accurate in measuring result and capable of providing reliable basic data and technical support for coastal saline-alkali soil treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device for simulating the migration of hydrothermal salt in saline-alkali soil, in particular to the research on the migration and redistribution of the hydrothermal salt in the saline-alkali soil under different climatic conditions in coastal areas, and belongs to the field of scientific research instruments of farmland hydraulic engineering.
Background
The problem of salinization of soil in Tianjin coastal areas is serious, and the salinized soil is mainly classified according to the cause, and the types of the salinized soil are 3 types of coastal salinized soil, inland salinized soil and secondary salinized soil. The Jinhai area belongs to a sea-receding land, the salt content of soil and diving primary is high, the terrain is low, the underground water level is buried deep, the evaporation is strong under the condition of semiarid climate, a large amount of salt is accumulated to the surface layer of the soil, the secondary salinization phenomenon of the soil is widely distributed, and the salinized soil of the coastal area accounts for 74.7 percent of the total area of the area. Therefore, the biodiversity of vegetation and the like in the coastal region is reduced, the degradation of the whole ecological system is aggravated, and the functional recovery of the ecological system in the coastal region is greatly restricted.
The indoor soil box experiment is mainly used for researching the soil water heat salt migration rule and is mainly applied to the fields of agriculture and environment. The scholars at home and abroad usually study the flow rule of water in an undisturbed soil column or a filled soil column through an indoor and outdoor soil column model test based on Darcy's law of penetration, thereby obtaining the migration rule of pollutant ions, the permeability characteristic of saturated soil, the seepage rule of unsaturated soil, the seepage rule of soil including study of capillary retardation, the determination of the permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil, study of the rainfall infiltration rule of unsaturated soil, study of the seepage rule of unsaturated soil under make internal disorder or usurp evaporation conditions, study of the migration rule of water in soil under the action of capillary water, determination of the characteristic curve of unsaturated soil, soil water characteristic curve and the like, and can be used in engineering practices such as landfill impervious bedding, final site covering, side slopes, soil pollutant control and the like. The soil column test device generally comprises a soil column model, a measuring system and an evaporation device.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to design an experimental device for simulating the water and salt movement of inland saline-alkali soil aiming at the problem of the Tianjin coastal plain saline-alkali soil, and the device is utilized to research the water and heat salt migration rule of the soil under the evaporation condition. The device is simple and easy to operate, the test conditions are easy to control, the similarity between the simulation result and the actual situation is high, the measurement result is accurate, and theoretical support is provided for the basic research and treatment of Yan th sites in the Tianjin coastal region.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the invention provides an experimental device for simulating the movement of water and salt in inland saline-alkali soil, which comprises a soil box, a water tank and an online monitoring system, wherein the bottom of the side wall of the soil box is connected with the water tank through a perforated plate. The evaporation intensity control box is fixed on the top of the earth pillar and communicated with the earth pillar, and holes are formed in the front of the earth box and used for installing moisture sensors for measuring soil moisture, salinity and temperature in the earth pillar respectively.
The soil box is used for filling the land with the simulated saline-alkali soil; the water tank is used for containing simulated underground water configured in a laboratory, the mineralization degree of the underground water is the same as that of the underground water in the Tianjin coastal region, and meanwhile, the water tank stably supplies water to the soil tank through the peristaltic pump and the water level sensor to keep the underground water level constant; the evaporation tank is used for controlling the water surface evaporation intensity of soil in the soil box and simulating solar radiation.
The soil box is a cuboid made of transparent organic glass with the thickness of 2cm, the top of the cuboid is open, the length of the cuboid is 150cm, the width of the cuboid is 30cm, the height of the cuboid is 150cm, one section from the bottom of each side of the soil box to the high position of 40cm is designed into a structure with evenly distributed holes, hydraulic connection is formed between the cuboid and the water box, the stability of the simulated groundwater level is guaranteed, and the aperture is 2 cm. The bottom of the soil box is filled with sand to form an inverted filter layer for preventing soil in the soil box from flowing outwards, and a baffle made of gauze is arranged outside porous structures on two sides of the soil box for preventing bottom sand from leaking out of the holes.
The hole distribution that soil box openly one side is even is used for inserting moisture, temperature, salinity sensor probe, totally 6 rows of holes, every row 5 holes, and the interval is 20cm about hole and hole, and every hole all is being plugged with the rubber stopper, wears the aperture above the rubber stopper, can pass the electric wire probe. Through the section observation and experiment of the saline soil, the soil in the soil box is filled in three layers, namely 0-10cm, 10-40cm and 40-80 cm. The experiment needs 9 three-parameter probes which are distributed in the middle of each layer, namely, the depths of 5cm, 25cm and 60cm, three probes are inserted into each layer, the probes are transversely spaced by 40cm, the probes are axially and symmetrically distributed, namely, one vertical row of probes in the middle is positioned in the middle of the soil box, and the other two vertical rows of probes are arranged at the positions of 40cm on two sides.
The on-line monitoring system is a complete high-precision automatic monitoring system consisting of soil moisture, temperature, conductivity and water potential sensors and a data acquisition unit. Soil water/temperature sensor model Hydra (SDI-12) (Steven, USA) measurement range: the temperature is-10 to 65 ℃; water content: 0-saturation, error range: the temperature is +/-0.6 ℃; the water content is +/-3 percent, and 9 experimental devices are used. Soil water tensiometer model SW4R (Delta-T, England), measurement range: 85-100 KPa, error range: ± 0.5KPa, operating temperature: 3 pieces of the experimental device are used at 0-50 ℃.
The water tank is located soil box both sides, links to each other with the soil box, because the sand bed inverted filter of bottom is 40cm thick, consequently for guaranteeing that ground water level is stable at this degree of depth, both sides water tank all sets up the overflow mouth in the high department of 40cm, when the water level surpassed 40cm in the water tank, water can spill over from the overflow mouth, guarantees that the liquid level is not higher than 40cm, when the water level was less than 40cm high, can begin the moisturizing of work through level sensor control peristaltic pump, guarantees that the liquid level is not less than 40cm high. The bottom of the water tank is also provided with an overflow port for draining the water in the water tank. The water tank is filled with saline solution with the same salt content as the underground water of the simulated saline-alkali soil.
The evaporation box is a cuboid organic glass box with the periphery and the top closed and the bottom open, the length is 150cm, the width is 30cm, the height is 60cm, and the whole evaporation box is black and light-proof for preventing the influence of natural light. The central positions of four sides of the evaporation box except the top surface are respectively provided with holes with the aperture of 5cm for ventilation and water evaporation. The infrared lamp of evaporation tank top installation is as radiation light source for the evaporation intensity of soil under the simulation sunlight irradiation natural condition can adjust evaporation intensity through quantity and the power of control light source, and 3 infrared lamp 275W have evenly been laid at the top to this experimental apparatus. And a ventilation exhaust fan is arranged above the ventilation opening on the right side surface and below the radiation light source, and the exhaust fan can adjust the wind speed and is used for controlling and adjusting the evaporation intensity of the moisture in the soil box under different wind power conditions. The combination of wind speed and solar radiation accelerates the evaporation of soil, and greatly shortens the test period. The middle of the bottom edge of the left and right sides is glued with a cuboid organic glass strip fixing piece around the soil box, when the evaporation box is to be placed above the soil box, the organic glass strip is inserted into the groove at the corresponding position of the soil box, and the effect of fixing the evaporation box is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the construction of the soil box, water tank and data collector device.
Reference numerals: the method comprises the following steps of 1-a soil box, 11-a gauze baffle, 12-a probe hole, 13-a groove, 2-a water tank, 21-an overflow port, 22-a water level sensor, 23-a peristaltic pump, 24-a water tank, 3-a data acquisition unit, 31-a water content, temperature and conductivity three-parameter probe and 32-a soil water potential probe.
Fig. 2 is a structural view of an evaporator unit.
Reference numerals: 41-ventilation opening, 42-infrared lamp, 43-fan, 44-fixing piece.
FIG. 3 is a water content fluctuation diagram of a soil box 0-10cm soil layer four-day evaporation experiment.
FIG. 4 is a water content fluctuation diagram of four-day evaporation experiments of soil layers of 10-40cm and 40-80cm in a soil box.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the fluctuation of the conductivity in the soil box in the four-day evaporation experiment.
FIG. 6 is a temperature fluctuation diagram of the soil box evaporation experiment for four days.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated by the following specific examples. The examples of the present invention are for better understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, and do not limit the present invention in any way.
As shown in figure 1, the experimental apparatus for laboratory simulation saline-alkali soil hydrothermal salt migration includes the open bottom confined cuboid soil box 1 in top that adopts transparent organic glass to make, and what transparent organic glass made is the both sides water tank 2 that the soil box supplied water for data collector 3 of real-time acquisition data, the evaporation tank 4 at the soil box top of fixing that black opaque organic glass made. The evaporation box bottom is the same size as the top of the soil column and is fixed by the fasteners 44 on the bottom edge inserted into the grooves 13 on the top edge of the soil box.
The top surface of the soil box made of transparent organic glass is open, the bottom surface of the soil box is closed, and gauze baffles 11 with the height of 40cm are arranged at the bottoms of the two sides of the soil box, so that the soil box is in hydraulic connection with the water tank. The soil box is used for filling the land of the saline-alkali soil to be simulated. The soil box is a cuboid made of transparent organic glass with the thickness of 2cm, and has the length of 150cm, the width of 30cm and the height of 150 cm. The water level stability of the simulated underground water is ensured, and the aperture is 2 cm. The bottom of the soil box is filled with sand to form an inverted filter layer for preventing soil in the soil box from flowing outwards, and in order to prevent the bottom sand from leaking out of the holes, a baffle plate 11 made of gauze is arranged outside the porous structures on two sides of the soil box. The uniform hole 12 of cloth of soil box front one side is used for inserting moisture, temperature, salinity sensor probe, totally 6 rows of holes, every row 5 holes, and the interval is 20cm about the hole is about the hole, and every hole all is blocked with the rubber stopper, wears the aperture above the rubber stopper, can pass the electric wire probe. Through the section observation and experiment of the saline soil, the soil in the soil box is filled in three layers, namely 0-10cm, 10-40cm and 40-80 cm. The experiment needs 9 three-parameter probes which are distributed in the middle of each layer, namely, the depths of 5cm, 25cm and 60cm, three probes 31 are inserted into each layer, the probes are transversely spaced by 40cm, the probes are axially symmetrically distributed, namely, one vertical row of probes in the middle is positioned in the middle of the soil box, and the other two vertical rows of probes are arranged at the positions of 40cm on two sides. The 3 soil water potential probes 32 are distributed on the left side of the middle vertical row, and the height of the probes is the same as that of the three-parameter probe 31.
The water tanks are positioned at two sides of the soil tank and connected with the soil tank, the water tanks are used for bearing simulated underground water configured in a laboratory, the mineralization degree of the underground water is the same as that of the underground water in the Tianjin coastal region, namely 3g/L, and meanwhile, the water tanks stably supply water for the soil tank through the peristaltic pumps 23 and the water level sensors 22. Keep the ground water level invariable because the sand bed inverted filter of bottom is 40cm thick, consequently for guaranteeing that ground water level is stable at this degree of depth, both sides water tank all sets up overflow mouth 21 in 40cm high department, when the water level exceeded 40cm in the water tank, water can spill over from the overflow mouth, guarantee that the liquid level is not higher than 40cm, when the water level is less than 40cm high, can begin the moisturizing of work through level sensor control peristaltic pump, guarantee that the liquid level is not less than 40cm high, the peristaltic pump is gone into the water pipe and is arranged in a 1000ml graduated flask, can record the moisturizing volume. An overflow 21 is also provided at the bottom of the tank for emptying the tank of water.
The evaporation box 4 is used for controlling the water surface evaporation intensity of soil in the soil box and simulating solar radiation. The evaporation box is a cuboid organic glass box with the periphery and the top closed and the bottom open, the length is 150cm, the width is 30cm, the height is 60cm, and the whole evaporation box is black and light-proof for preventing the influence of natural light. The evaporation box is provided with holes 41 with an aperture of 5cm at the central positions of four sides except the top surface for ventilation and water evaporation. The infrared lamp 42 is installed at the top of the evaporation box and serves as a radiation light source, the evaporation intensity of soil under the natural condition of sunlight irradiation can be simulated, the evaporation intensity can be adjusted by controlling the quantity and the power of the light sources, and 3 infrared lamps of 275W are uniformly distributed at the top of the experimental device. And a ventilation exhaust fan 43 is arranged above the ventilation opening on the right side surface and below the radiation light source, and the exhaust fan can adjust the wind speed and is used for controlling and adjusting the evaporation intensity of the moisture in the soil box under different wind power conditions. The combination of wind speed and solar radiation accelerates the evaporation of soil, and greatly shortens the test period. The middle of the bottom edge of the left and right sides is glued with cuboid organic glass strip fixing piece 44 around the soil box, when the evaporation box is to be placed above the soil box, the organic glass strip is inserted into the groove 13 of the corresponding position of the soil box, and the effect of fixing the evaporation box is played.
According to the embodiment of the invention, saline-alkali soil in Tianjin coastal areas is selected as a research object, and the soil section of the research area is layered through field observation, wherein the soil section is silty clay loam with the volume weight of 0-10cm and the volume weight is 1.387g/cm310-80cm is powdery clay with a volume weight of 1.45g/cm3. The average value of the average daily surface evaporation speed in summer is 11.04mm, and the average daily surface evaporation speed in daytime is 5: 00-20: 00 is 8.37mm, 20 mm at night: 00-5: and 2.67mm is arranged between 00.
3 beakers with 100ml are evenly placed at the top of the soil layer in the soil box at equal intervals, the evaporation box is placed at the top of the soil box, water is injected into the beakers to 80ml of scale lines, the infrared lamp and the fan are turned on, the water level of the beakers is observed and recorded, when the water level is reduced by 8.4mm, the time is 10 hours, therefore, the simulation time of the soil box test in the daytime is determined to be 10 hours, and under the condition that only the fan is turned on, the evaporation capacity of 3mm needs about 14 hours when the evaporation box is turned off, and therefore, the simulation time of the soil box test in the night is 14 hours.
Preparing simulated underground water before the experiment begins, and preparing solution according to the salt content of the actual underground water in the area to be simulated, wherein the concentration of the simulated underground water is 3g/L by using NaCl.
Soil samples are collected in the ecological city of the Tianjin coastal new area, and the depth of underground water is about 80cm, so that the soil layer thickness in the soil box is set to be 80 cm. And after the soil is collected, air-drying, grinding and sieving for later use. When filling the soil box, firstly, a quartz sand inverted filter layer with the thickness of 40cm is paved at the bottom of the soil box, and the particle size of the quartz sand is about 2 mm. And filling a test soil body above the inverted filter layer, filling according to the dry volume weight of the soil, compacting once every 10cm, pressing to a corresponding scale, and then performing wool throwing before filling the next layer, so that the layers can be better connected without obvious layering. When filling the soil sample, simultaneously burying the probe into a corresponding position, wherein the probe is buried in the middle of the soil box. After the soil box is filled, the soil box is saturated with water from bottom to top, and the purpose is to enable the soil box to reach a stable state in the field.
After the soil box reaches a stable state, starting the soil box evaporation test, wherein the test steps are as follows:
1. before the experiment begins, firstly, 1L of simulated underground water is put into a water supplementing measuring cylinder, and simultaneously, the initial water content of each probe in the soil box is recorded;
2. the infrared lamp and fan were turned on, off after 10 hours, and turned on again after 14 hours, 24 hours being one cycle. During the experiment, probe data was recorded every 5 min. And recording the water supplement amount of the measuring cylinder to the water tank every hour for calculating the evaporation intensity of the soil.
After the test was completed, the data were analyzed. The data from nine probes in total, 3 layers, selected in this example, were analyzed for moisture salinity and temperature migration in the soil box. The analysis results are shown in FIGS. 3, 4, 5 and 6.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the fluctuation of the average water content in soil layers of 0-10cm, the rainfall was carried out before the evaporation test which lasted four days, and the water content in the soil box at the 0-10cm layer was generally in a downward trend. The evaporation tank is closed, evaporation is not strong, upward supply of the lower layer is reduced, more water is lost, and therefore the water content is reduced by the falling trend, and the process is repeated.
Fig. 4 is a graph showing the average fluctuation of moisture content of soil layers of 10-40cm and 40-80cm, and the data is generally downward trend, and is basically stabilized at a value in the last half of the day, and it can be understood that the moisture migration of the lower part of the soil layer is basically stabilized.
Fig. 5 is a plot of the average fluctuations in conductivity of the soil box, with the data generally trending downward, with soil layer changes of 0-10cm being most evident and substantially stable during the last day. The salt transport and the water transport are stable.
The temperature has strong periodicity, the temperature rises along with the irradiation of the evaporation box, the temperature slowly drops after the irradiation is stopped, and the temperature fluctuation is more obvious along with the reduction of the water content in the soil box. The change of the soil layer temperature has lag along with the increase of the depth and the change of the water content of different layers, the temperature change lags the deeper the depth, and the temperature change lags the lower the water content.
Claims (5)
1. An experimental device for simulating water and salt movement of inland saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising a soil box, a water box, an evaporation box and three parameter sensors of moisture, salinity and temperature;
the bottom of the side wall of the soil box is connected with a water box through a perforated plate, and the water box is stably supplied with water by a peristaltic pump and a water level sensor;
the evaporation box is fixed at the top of the soil box and is communicated with the water tank, and holes are formed in the front of the soil box and are used for installing moisture sensors for measuring soil moisture, salinity and temperature in the soil column respectively.
2. The experimental device for simulating the movement of water and salt in inland saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein partition plates on two sides of the bottom of the soil box are provided with holes, the inner part of the soil box is stuck with gauze, water and salt cannot pass through the gauze, and sand is filled in the bottom of the soil box to form an inverted filter layer for preventing soil in the soil box from flowing outwards.
3. The experimental facility for simulating the movement of water and salt in inland saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the water tank is connected with the soil box and distributed on two sides of the soil box, and the water tank and the soil box form hydraulic connection through a hole at the bottom; the right water tank is connected with the peristaltic pump through a water level sensor, water is supplied through the water tank, and meanwhile the water level is guaranteed to be stable and unchanged.
4. An experimental facility for simulating the movement of water and salt in inland saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the evaporation tank is an organic glass tank with closed periphery and top and open bottom, and the evaporation tank is black and opaque as a whole to prevent the influence of natural light. The periphery of the evaporation box is respectively provided with holes for ventilation and water evaporation. The top is provided with a radiation light source for simulating sunlight irradiation.
5. The experimental device for simulating the movement of water and salt in inland saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the online detection system is a complete high-precision automatic monitoring system which is composed of soil moisture, temperature, salinity, water potential sensors and a data acquisition unit, and is used for recording the water content, the electric conductivity, the temperature and the water potential value of the soil in real time and providing data information for experiments.
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| CN113075383A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-07-06 | 陕西地建土地工程技术研究院有限责任公司 | Experimental device and method for simulating water and salt migration of saline-alkali soil |
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| CN113075383A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-07-06 | 陕西地建土地工程技术研究院有限责任公司 | Experimental device and method for simulating water and salt migration of saline-alkali soil |
| CN113075383B (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2024-01-26 | 陕西地建土地工程技术研究院有限责任公司 | Experimental device and method for simulating water-salt migration of salinized soil |
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