CN113075383B - Experimental device and method for simulating water-salt migration of salinized soil - Google Patents
Experimental device and method for simulating water-salt migration of salinized soil Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 387
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 235
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 233
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 claims 5
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 saline ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000416 exudates and transudate Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01N33/245—Earth materials for agricultural purposes
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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Abstract
The invention relates to a monitoring device, in particular to an experimental device and method for simulating water and salt migration of salinized soil. The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the existing salinized soil water and salt migration condition monitoring or experimental device is difficult to simultaneously adapt to water storage, water storage and irrigation, water storage and rainfall, irrigation and rainfall conditions, and the existing salt movement mode and mechanism research is concentrated on longitudinal research. By simulating a saline-alkali soil improvement mode with a main storage mode and a water-land co-located mode, water and soil are directly contacted, a large driving force is generated due to the salt concentration gradient of the water and the soil in the early monitoring stage, salt in the soil is forced to diffuse to the water, the salt content in the soil and the salt content in the water gradually tend to be similar, the water level of a water storage ditch continuously drops under the action of evaporation, the salt content is gradually increased, at the moment, the water with low water level and high salt content brings the salt into deeper soil, and the desalination of a cultivation layer of the saline-alkali soil can be accelerated by rainfall or irrigation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a monitoring device, in particular to an experimental device and method for simulating water and salt migration of salinized soil.
Background
Soil salinization is a serious problem of land resources all the time, and the essence of the salinization problem is that a soil water salt transport system is unbalanced, so that excessive salt accumulation is caused, and further the physical and chemical properties of the soil are deteriorated. Along with the continuous growth of population, the continuous promotion of industrialization and urbanization progress, the contradiction between people and land is increasingly prominent, and the saline-alkali soil is an important backup resource for cultivated land, and is an important measure for realizing sustainable development of agriculture and grain safety for improvement and utilization of the saline-alkali soil.
The natural conditions under which saline-alkali soil is usually subjected determine the best technical improvement measures to which it is suitable. For example, the conventional saline-alkali soil treatment technology mainly relies on controlling groundwater level drainage to wash salt, so that a precondition for treatment is to establish a sound irrigation and drainage system. In areas with low topography, high underground water level, poor drainage conditions and drought and water shortage, the saline-alkali soil treatment selects 'mainly storing fresh water in agricultural ditches', and saline ions are pressed below a cultivation layer by dynamically adjusting the water level of the water storage ditches by applying the dispersion action of salt in the horizontal direction and a circulating salt pressing mechanism. Although the improvement modes of the two measures are different, the essence is that the physicochemical property of the saline-alkali soil is improved by changing the spatial distribution of salt in the soil layer.
The dynamic monitoring of the water and salt migration of the salinized soil is a precondition and foundation for researching the improvement of the saline-alkali soil and is also a necessary means. The soil water salt is regulated and controlled according to the results of the water salt dynamic monitoring experiment, and the method has important significance for development and demonstration popularization of saline-alkali soil improvement technology. However, most of the water and salt dynamic monitoring experimental devices are designed to be single water body or single soil, the saline-alkali soil is arranged into soil columns or soil grooves, the water and salt migration in the soil in the process of precipitation or irrigation is simulated, each water and salt dynamic monitoring experimental device is only applicable to a single application scene, and the longitudinal researches on salt migration modes and mechanisms are more and have limitations. At present, a water-salt dynamic experimental device for simulating water storage conditions, water storage and irrigation conditions, water storage and rainfall conditions and irrigation conditions at the same time does not exist, so that the migration rule of two-phase salinity of water and soil under multiple conditions is difficult to study through one device. And the existing salt movement mode and mechanism research mostly adopts longitudinal movement research, and in fact, transverse movement research is more applicable. Therefore, a simple and easy-to-operate water-salt migration experimental device with various functions is needed, not only can simulate different experimental conditions, but also can help researchers to quickly and accurately obtain required data.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the existing saline-alkali soil water-salt migration condition monitoring or experimental device is difficult to simultaneously adapt to water storage, water storage and irrigation, water storage and rainfall, irrigation and rainfall conditions, and the existing saline movement mode and mechanism research is concentrated on longitudinal research, and provides an experimental device and method for simulating the saline-alkali soil water-salt migration.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical solution provided by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides an experimental device for simulating water and salt migration of salinized soil, which is characterized in that:
comprises a flat car, a water tank, a saline-alkali soil box and a data collector;
the flat car comprises a supporting flat plate and a sliding wheel arranged at the bottom of the supporting flat plate, and a limit groove is formed in the surface of the supporting flat plate; the water tank and the saline-alkali soil box are placed in the limiting groove;
the top of the saline-alkali soil box is open; the side wall of the saline-alkali soil box is provided with a sieve mesh, the height of the sieve mesh is 1/10-1/3 of the height of the saline-alkali soil box, and the bottom plate of the saline-alkali soil box is detachably arranged at the bottom of the saline-alkali soil box through a first clamping groove a;
the water tank is a transparent tank body with a movable top cover and an opening at one side surface; the side surface of the opening of the water tank is arranged on the side wall provided with the sieve holes of the saline-alkali soil box through a second clamping groove b; the screen hole area of the saline-alkali soil box wall is stuck with a water permeable film on the surface close to one side of the saline-alkali soil and is used for separating the water body contained in the water baffle box and the saline-alkali soil contained in the saline-alkali soil box;
the side wall of the water tank is provided with a first detection port, the first detection port is close to the bottom of the water tank, a three-way joint is arranged at the first detection port and used for water supply, water drainage and water sample collection, and a control water valve is arranged on an interface of the three-way joint connected with the first detection port;
a second detection port and a third detection port are respectively formed in the two side walls of the saline-alkali soil box; the second detection port comprises at least one row of through holes, each row of through holes is provided with a group of through holes at intervals of a preset distance, each group of through holes comprises three through holes, and a sealing plug is arranged in each through hole; the third detection port comprises three rows of through holes which are respectively arranged in the upper, middle and lower areas of the saline-alkali soil box wall, each row comprises a plurality of groups of through holes, a group of through holes is arranged at intervals of a preset distance, each group of through holes comprises three through holes, and a sealing plug is arranged in each through hole;
the data collector comprises a data collector host with a display screen and a plurality of data converters connected with the data collector host through interfaces; each data converter comprises three sensors, namely a conductivity sensor, a pH value sensor and a temperature sensor, wherein the temperature measured by the temperature sensor is used for compensating the conductivity and the pH value; among the sensors corresponding to the plurality of data converters, one group of sensors is used for detecting the water sample collected from the first detection port, and the probes of the other sensors are respectively inserted into all through holes of the second detection port and the third detection port.
Further, the second detection ports are distributed at different positions of the saline-alkali soil box wall in a plurality of rows.
Further, the heights of the saline-alkali soil box and the water tank are 0.5-1.5m;
the predetermined distance is 10-20cm.
The invention also provides an experimental method for simulating the water and salt migration of the salinized soil, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Selecting saline-alkali soil with deposit matrix development, determining a digging position, removing floating soil on the surface layer of the soil, digging to expose a soil profile, selecting a saline-alkali soil box with proper height according to the soil profile level distribution, vertically pressing the bottom edge of the saline-alkali soil box into the soil downwards, stably applying force when pressing the saline-alkali soil box into the soil until the saline-alkali soil box is full of soil samples, cleaning the soil around the saline-alkali soil box, taking out the saline-alkali soil box filled with the soil, cutting off redundant soil at the upper end and the lower end of the saline-alkali soil box, pushing a saline-alkali soil box bottom plate into the box bottom through a first clamping groove a at the bottom of the saline-alkali soil box, and smearing sealant at the first clamping groove a; then the water tank is connected to the saline-alkali soil box through a second clamping groove b, and sealant is smeared at the second clamping groove b;
2) Fresh water is injected into the water tank through the first detection port, the water surface is higher than the sieve pores, a water sample is collected, and conductivity and pH value data of the water sample are detected by a data collector;
3) The conductivity and pH value data of the saline-alkali soil are read in real time through a data acquisition device;
4) And measuring conductivity and pH value data of the water sample of the water tank at intervals, comparing the conductivity and pH value data of the saline-alkali soil at the same time interval, and monitoring the water-salt migration condition under the fresh water storage condition until the conductivity and pH value of the water body 5 and the saline-alkali soil 6 are stable.
Further, step 4) further comprises:
a) After the conductivity values and the pH values of the water body and the saline-alkali soil are stable, closing a top cover of the water tank, moving an experimental device for simulating the water salt migration of the saline-alkali soil outdoors, measuring conductivity and pH value data of a water sample of the water tank once at intervals, comparing the conductivity and the pH value data of the saline-alkali soil at the same time interval, and monitoring the water salt migration condition under the natural evaporation state.
Further, step 4) further comprises:
b) Selecting one of three irrigation forms of flood irrigation, drip irrigation and spray irrigation, respectively setting different irrigation amounts and different irrigation intensities, irrigating the saline-alkali soil surface layer with stable conductivity value and pH value obtained in the step 4), measuring conductivity and pH value data of a water sample of a water tank at intervals, comparing the conductivity and pH value data with conductivity and pH value data of saline-alkali soil at the same time period, and monitoring water salt migration conditions of a fresh water storage mode and different irrigation forms, different irrigation amounts and different irrigation intensities.
Further, step 4) further comprises:
c) Setting different precipitation amounts and different precipitation intensities, uniformly precipitating the salt-alkali soil surface layer with stable conductivity values and pH values obtained in the step 4), measuring conductivity and pH value data of a water sample of the water tank at intervals, comparing the conductivity and pH value data with the conductivity and pH value data of the salt-alkali soil at the same time interval, and monitoring the water salt migration condition of the fresh water with different precipitation amounts and different precipitation intensities.
The invention also provides an experimental method for simulating the water and salt migration of the salinized soil, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Selecting saline-alkali soil with deposit matrix development, determining a digging position, removing floating soil on the surface layer of the soil, digging to expose a soil profile, selecting a saline-alkali soil box with proper height according to the soil profile level distribution, vertically pressing the bottom edge of the saline-alkali soil box into the soil downwards, stably applying force when pressing the saline-alkali soil box into the soil until the saline-alkali soil box is full of soil samples, cleaning the soil around the saline-alkali soil box, taking out the saline-alkali soil box filled with the soil, cutting off redundant soil at the upper end and the lower end of the saline-alkali soil box, pushing a saline-alkali soil box bottom plate into the box bottom through a first clamping groove a at the bottom of the saline-alkali soil box, and smearing sealant at the first clamping groove a; then the water tank is connected to the saline-alkali soil box through a second clamping groove b, and sealant is smeared at the second clamping groove b;
2) Selecting one of three irrigation forms of simulated flood irrigation, drip irrigation and spray irrigation, respectively setting different irrigation amounts and different irrigation intensities, irrigating the saline-alkali soil surface layer obtained in the step 1), measuring conductivity and pH value data of a water sample of a water tank at intervals, comparing the conductivity and pH value data of the saline-alkali soil at the same time interval, and monitoring water-salt migration conditions under different irrigation forms, different irrigation amounts and different irrigation intensities.
The invention also provides an experimental method for simulating the water and salt migration of the salinized soil, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Selecting saline-alkali soil with deposit matrix development, determining a digging position, removing floating soil on the surface layer of the soil, digging to expose a soil profile, selecting a saline-alkali soil box with proper height according to the soil profile level distribution, vertically pressing the bottom edge of the saline-alkali soil box into the soil downwards, stably applying force when pressing the saline-alkali soil box into the soil until the saline-alkali soil box is full of soil samples, cleaning the soil around the saline-alkali soil box, taking out the saline-alkali soil box filled with the soil, cutting off redundant soil at the upper end and the lower end of the saline-alkali soil box, pushing a saline-alkali soil box bottom plate into the box bottom through a first clamping groove a at the bottom of the saline-alkali soil box, and smearing sealant at the first clamping groove a; then the water tank is connected to the saline-alkali soil box through a second clamping groove b, and sealant is smeared at the second clamping groove b;
2) Setting different precipitation amounts and different precipitation intensities, uniformly precipitating water to the saline-alkali soil surface layer obtained in the step 1), measuring conductivity and pH value data of a water sample of the primary water tank at intervals, comparing the conductivity and pH value data of the saline-alkali soil at the same time period, and monitoring water-salt migration conditions under different precipitation amounts and different precipitation intensities.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the experimental device and method for simulating the saline-alkali soil water salt migration, provided by the invention, the saline-alkali soil improvement mode mainly comprising water storage and water-land co-located is simulated, so that water body and soil are in direct contact, a large driving force is generated due to the salt concentration gradient of the water body and the soil in the early monitoring stage, the salt content in the soil is forced to be dispersed into the water body, the salt content in the soil and the salt content in the water body gradually tend to be similar, the water level of a water storage ditch is continuously reduced and the salt content is gradually increased under the evaporation effect, at the moment, the water body with low water level and high salt content brings the salt into deeper soil, and desalination of a saline-alkali soil cultivation layer (surface soil) can be accelerated by rainfall or irrigation, so that cultivation layer crops can normally grow, and the salt movement mode and mechanism research are innovatively changed from longitudinal movement research to transverse movement research. The device is simple, the method is easy to implement, the application range is wide, and the method is simultaneously applicable to simulation experiments of water storage conditions, water storage and irrigation, water storage and rainfall, irrigation and rainfall of the saline-alkali soil water salt migration conditions.
2. According to the experimental device and method for simulating the saline-alkali soil water-salt migration, undisturbed soil is directly sampled, and the situation that the monitoring result data are inaccurate due to the fact that a later-period laid soil sample is not tightly attached to the tank wall to cause water body short flow can be prevented. The sealing glue is coated at the clamping groove, so that water leakage at the joint of the clamping groove can be prevented.
3. The experimental device and the method for simulating the saline-alkali soil water-salt migration can simulate the saline-alkali soil developing by the sedimentary matrix to simulate the salt migration between the water body of the water storage ditch and the soil under the water storage condition, and can be used for scientific research of the dynamic circulation salt-pressing driving mechanism under the water storage condition.
4. The experimental device and the method for simulating the saline-alkali soil water-salt migration can simulate the salt migration rule between the water body and the soil under the comprehensive actions of the water storage mode, irrigation or rainfall with different amounts and different intensities, so as to evaluate the contribution rate of each action condition to the high-concentration salt flushing of the saline-alkali soil cultivation layer or the diffusion of the salt into the deep soil saturation layer and the water storage ditch, and finally achieve the purpose of vertically distributing the salt of the soil from the cultivation layer to the saturation layer and ensuring the benign development of the soil cultivation layer.
5. The experimental device and the method for simulating the water and salt migration of the saline-alkali soil can be used for simulating actual conditions such as water withdrawal, irrigation and salt washing, rain wash and the like in a irrigation area, namely, by controlling evaporation and adjusting water level lifting, monitoring the dynamic changes of the salt content and the pH value of water and soil phases, and comparing and screening the optimal improvement measures of saline-alkali soil of different cause types.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental device for simulating water and salt migration of salinized soil, wherein the experimental device also shows a water body to be monitored and the saline-alkali soil, and a control water valve, a sealing plug, a top cover of a water tank and a data collector are not shown;
FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal section view of an experimental device saline-alkali soil box for simulating saline-alkali soil water-salt migration;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the saline-alkali soil box wall with sieve pores of the experimental device for simulating the water-salt migration of the saline-alkali soil;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a data collector of the experimental device for simulating the water and salt migration of the salinized soil, wherein only one group of sensors of the data collector are shown in the figure;
reference numerals illustrate:
1-flatbed, 11-supporting flat plate, 12-movable pulley, 2-water tank, 3-saline-alkali soil box, 31-bottom plate, a-first draw-in groove, b-second draw-in groove, 4-data acquisition ware, 41-data acquisition ware host computer, 42-sensor, 43-data converter, 5-water, 6-saline-alkali soil, 7-first detection mouth, 8-second detection mouth, 9-third detection mouth, 10-sieve mesh.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and specific examples.
An experimental device for simulating water and salt migration of saline-alkali soil comprises a flat car 1, a water tank 2, a saline-alkali soil tank 3 and a data collector 4; the flat car 1 comprises a support flat plate 11 and a sliding wheel 12 arranged at the bottom of the support flat plate 11, wherein a limit groove is formed in the surface of the support flat plate 11; the water tank 2 and the saline-alkali soil box 3 are placed in the limiting groove; the top of the saline-alkali soil box 3 is open; a sieve mesh 10 is arranged on one side wall of the saline-alkali soil box 3, the height of the sieve mesh 10 is 1/10-1/3 of the height of the saline-alkali soil box 3, and a bottom plate 31 of the saline-alkali soil box 3 is detachably arranged at the bottom of the saline-alkali soil box 3 through a first clamping groove a; the water tank 2 is a transparent tank body with a movable top cover and an opening at one side surface; the open side surface of the water tank 2 is arranged on the side wall of the saline-alkali soil box 3 provided with the sieve holes 10 through a second clamping groove b; the sieve pore area of the wall of the saline-alkali soil box 3 is stuck with a water-permeable film on the surface of one side close to the saline-alkali soil 6 for separating the water body 5 contained in the water-permeable box 2 and the saline-alkali soil 6 contained in the saline-alkali soil box 3.
A first detection port 7 is formed in the side wall of the water tank 2, the first detection port 7 is close to the bottom of the water tank 2, a three-way joint is arranged at the first detection port 7 and used for water supply, water drainage and water sample collection, and a control water valve is arranged on an interface of the three-way joint connected with the first detection port 7; a second detection port 8 and a third detection port 9 are respectively formed in the two side walls of the saline-alkali soil box 3; the second detection port 8 comprises at least one row of through holes (the second detection port 8 is provided with a plurality of rows and is distributed at different positions of the wall of the saline-alkali soil box 3), each row of through holes is provided with a group of through holes at intervals of a preset distance, each group of through holes comprises three through holes, and each through hole is internally provided with a sealing plug; the third detection port 9 comprises three rows of through holes which are respectively arranged in the upper, middle and lower areas of the wall of the saline-alkali soil box 3, each row comprises a plurality of groups of through holes, a group of through holes is arranged at intervals of a preset distance, each group of through holes comprises three through holes, and a sealing plug is arranged in each through hole;
the data collector 4 comprises a data collector host 41 with a display screen and a plurality of data converters 43 connected with the data collector host 41 through interfaces; each data converter 43 comprises three sensors 42, respectively a conductivity sensor, a pH sensor and a temperature sensor, the temperature measured by the temperature sensors being used to compensate for the conductivity and pH; among the sensors 42 corresponding to the plurality of data converters 43, one set of sensors 42 is used for detecting the water sample collected from the first detection port 7, and the probes of the remaining sensors 42 are respectively inserted into all through holes of the second detection port 8 and the third detection port 9.
The invention also provides an experimental method for simulating the water and salt migration of the salinized soil, which is based on the experimental device for simulating the water and salt migration of the salinized soil and comprises the following steps of:
1) Selecting saline-alkali soil with sediment type matrix development, determining a digging position, removing floating soil on the surface layer of the soil, digging to expose a soil profile, selecting a saline-alkali soil box 3 with proper height according to the soil profile level distribution, vertically pressing the bottom edge of the saline-alkali soil box 3 into the soil downwards, stably applying force when pressing the saline-alkali soil box 3 into the soil until the saline-alkali soil box 3 is full of soil samples, then cleaning the soil around the saline-alkali soil box 3, taking out the saline-alkali soil box 3 full of the soil, cutting off redundant soil at the upper end and the lower end of the saline-alkali soil box 3, pushing a bottom plate of the saline-alkali soil box 3 into the bottom of the box through a first clamping groove a at the bottom of the saline-alkali soil box 3, and smearing sealant at the first clamping groove a; then the water tank 2 is connected to the saline-alkali soil box 3 through a second clamping groove b, and sealant is smeared at the second clamping groove b;
2) Injecting fresh water with the depth of 20cm into the water tank 2 through the first detection port 7, wherein the water surface is higher than the sieve holes 10, collecting 10mL of water sample, and detecting conductivity and pH value data of the water sample by using the data acquisition device 4;
3) The data of the conductivity and the pH value of the saline-alkali soil 6 are read in real time through the data acquisition device 4;
4) At intervals (for example, every 1cm of water depth of the water tank 2 is reduced), measuring conductivity and pH value data of a water sample of the water tank 2, comparing the conductivity and pH value data of saline-alkali soil 6 at the same time period, and monitoring water-salt migration condition under the fresh water storage condition until the conductivity and pH value of the water body 5 and the saline-alkali soil 6 are stable.
Of course, step 4) may further include:
a) After the conductivity values and the pH values of the water body 5 and the saline-alkali soil 6 are stable, in order to simulate the influence of soil moisture evaporation on the water and soil salt migration condition, the top cover of the water tank 2 is closed, an experimental device for simulating the water and salt migration of the saline-alkali soil is moved outdoors, conductivity and pH value data of a water sample of the water tank 2 are measured at intervals, and compared with conductivity and pH value data of the saline-alkali soil 6 at the same time period, and the water and salt migration condition under the natural evaporation state is monitored.
Of course, step 4) may further include:
b) Selecting one of three irrigation forms of flood irrigation, drip irrigation and spray irrigation, respectively setting different irrigation amounts and different irrigation intensities, and irrigating the saline-alkali soil 6 surface layer with stable conductivity value and pH value obtained in the step 4), so as to prevent irrigation water from flowing into water along the saline-alkali soil 6 surface under the flood irrigation condition, influence the monitoring result of water and salt migration, and fully utilize the functions of the sieve plate 10, thereby achieving the purposes of prolonging the contact time of the irrigation water with the soil surface and fully infiltration. At intervals (for example, every 10cm of water depth of the water tank 2 rises), measuring conductivity and pH value data of a water sample of the water tank 2, comparing the conductivity and pH value data with those of saline-alkali soil 6 at the same time, and monitoring the water-salt migration conditions of a fresh water storage mode and different irrigation forms, different irrigation amounts and different irrigation intensities.
Of course, step 4) may further include:
c) Setting different precipitation amounts and different precipitation intensities, uniformly precipitating on the surface layer of the saline-alkali soil 6 with stable conductivity values and pH values obtained in the step 4), measuring conductivity and pH value data of a water sample of the water tank 2 at intervals (for example, every 10cm rise of the water depth of the water tank 2), comparing the conductivity and pH value data with conductivity and pH value data of the saline-alkali soil 6 at the same time period, and monitoring the water-salt migration condition of the fresh water with different precipitation amounts and different precipitation intensities.
The invention also provides an experimental method for simulating the water and salt migration of the salinized soil, which is based on the experimental device for simulating the water and salt migration of the salinized soil and comprises the following steps of:
1) Selecting saline-alkali soil with sediment type matrix development, determining a digging position, removing floating soil on the surface layer of the soil, digging to expose a soil profile, selecting a saline-alkali soil box 3 with proper height according to the soil profile level distribution, vertically pressing the bottom edge of the saline-alkali soil box 3 into the soil downwards, stably applying force when pressing the saline-alkali soil box 3 into the soil until the saline-alkali soil box 3 is full of soil samples, then cleaning the soil around the saline-alkali soil box 3, taking out the saline-alkali soil box 3 full of the soil, cutting off redundant soil at the upper end and the lower end of the saline-alkali soil box 3, pushing a bottom plate of the saline-alkali soil box 3 into the bottom of the box through a first clamping groove a at the bottom of the saline-alkali soil box 3, and smearing sealant at the first clamping groove a; then the water tank 2 is connected to the saline-alkali soil box 3 through a second clamping groove b, and sealant is smeared at the second clamping groove b;
2) Selecting one of three irrigation modes of simulated flood irrigation, drip irrigation and spray irrigation, respectively setting different irrigation amounts and different irrigation intensities, irrigating the surface layer of the saline-alkali soil 6 obtained in the step 1), measuring conductivity and pH value data of a water sample of the water tank 2 at intervals (for example, every 10cm rise of the water depth of the water tank 2), comparing the conductivity and pH value data with conductivity and pH value data of the saline-alkali soil 6 at the same time, and monitoring water-salt migration conditions under different irrigation modes, different irrigation amounts and different irrigation intensities.
The invention also provides an experimental method for simulating the water and salt migration of the salinized soil, which is based on the experimental device for simulating the water and salt migration of the salinized soil and comprises the following steps of:
1) Selecting saline-alkali soil with sediment type matrix development, determining a digging position, removing floating soil on the surface layer of the soil, digging to expose a soil profile, selecting a saline-alkali soil box 3 with proper height according to the soil profile level distribution, vertically pressing the bottom edge of the saline-alkali soil box 3 into the soil downwards, stably applying force when pressing the saline-alkali soil box 3 into the soil until the saline-alkali soil box 3 is full of soil samples, then cleaning the soil around the saline-alkali soil box 3, taking out the saline-alkali soil box 3 full of the soil, cutting off redundant soil at the upper end and the lower end of the saline-alkali soil box 3, pushing a bottom plate of the saline-alkali soil box 3 into the bottom of the box through a first clamping groove a at the bottom of the saline-alkali soil box 3, and smearing sealant at the first clamping groove a; then the water tank 2 is connected to the saline-alkali soil box 3 through a second clamping groove b, and sealant is smeared at the second clamping groove b;
2) Setting different precipitation amounts and different precipitation intensities, uniformly precipitating water to the surface layer of the saline-alkali soil 6 obtained in the step 1), measuring conductivity and pH value data of a water sample of the water tank 2 at intervals (for example, every 2cm rise of the water depth of the water tank 2), comparing the conductivity and pH value data with conductivity and pH value data of the saline-alkali soil 6 at the same time period, and monitoring water-salt migration conditions under different precipitation amounts and different precipitation intensities.
The device can be used for monitoring water storage conditions, outdoor evaporation conditions, different irrigation modes, different irrigation amounts and different irrigation intensities, different rainfall amounts and different rainfall intensities, and migration conditions of water-soil two-phase salt ions of the conditions of fresh water storage, different irrigation modes, different irrigation amounts and different irrigation intensities, fresh water storage, different rainfall amounts and different rainfall intensities and the like.
At the initial stage of the experiment of adding water, irrigation water or precipitation, the infiltration rate of water into the saline-alkali soil 6 can be calculated through timing, whether runoff can be generated, whether exudates exist or not and the like.
Of course, the heights of the saline-alkali soil box 3 and the water tank 2 and the predetermined distance may be set according to the needs of the specific application scenario, for example: the heights of the saline-alkali soil box 3 and the water tank 2 are 0.5-1.5m; the predetermined distance is 10-20cm.
The experimental device and the method for simulating the water and salt migration of the salinized soil can realize the following three purposes:
1. the method can simulate the salt migration between the water body of the water storage ditch and the soil under the water storage condition of the saline-alkali soil developed by the sedimentary matrix, and can be used for scientific research of a dynamic cyclic salt pressing driving mechanism under the water storage condition.
2. The method can simulate the salt migration rule between the water body and the soil under the comprehensive actions of the water storage mode and irrigation or rainfall with different amounts and different intensities so as to evaluate the contribution rate of each action condition to the high-concentration salt flushing or diffusion of the saline-alkali soil cultivation layer into the deep soil saturation layer and the water storage ditch, and finally achieve the purpose of vertically distributing the soil salt from the cultivation layer to the saturation layer and ensuring the benign development of the soil cultivation layer.
3. The practical conditions of water withdrawal, irrigation salt washing, rain wash and the like in the irrigation area can be simulated, namely, the dynamic changes of the salt content and the pH value of water and soil two phases are monitored by controlling evaporation and adjusting water level lifting, and the optimal improvement measures of the saline-alkali soil with different cause types are compared and screened.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing embodiments are merely for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the specific technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalents may be substituted for some of the technical features thereof, without departing from the spirit of the technical solutions protected by the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. Experimental device for simulation salinization soil water salt migration, its characterized in that:
comprises a flat car (1), a water tank (2), a saline-alkali soil box (3) and a data collector (4);
the flat car (1) comprises a supporting flat plate (11) and a sliding wheel (12) arranged at the bottom of the supporting flat plate (11), wherein a limiting groove is formed in the surface of the supporting flat plate (11); the water tank (2) and the saline-alkali soil box (3) are placed in the limit groove;
the top of the saline-alkali soil box (3) is open; a sieve opening (10) is arranged on one side wall of the saline-alkali soil box (3), the height of the sieve opening (10) is 1/10-1/3 of the height of the saline-alkali soil box (3), and a bottom plate (31) of the saline-alkali soil box (3) is detachably arranged at the bottom of the saline-alkali soil box (3) through a first clamping groove a;
the water tank (2) is a transparent tank body with a movable top cover and an opening at one side surface; the side surface of the opening of the water tank (2) is arranged on the side wall of the saline-alkali soil box (3) provided with the sieve holes (10) through a second clamping groove b; the screen hole area of the tank wall of the saline-alkali soil tank (3) is stuck with a water-permeable film on the surface close to one side of the saline-alkali soil (6) for separating the water body (5) contained in the water tank (2) from the saline-alkali soil (6) contained in the saline-alkali soil tank (3);
a first detection port (7) is formed in the side wall of the water tank (2), the first detection port (7) is close to the bottom of the water tank (2), a three-way joint is arranged at the first detection port (7) and used for water supply, water drainage and water sample collection, and a control water valve is arranged on an interface of the three-way joint connected with the first detection port (7);
a second detection port (8) and a third detection port (9) are respectively formed in the two side walls of the saline-alkali soil box (3); the second detection port (8) comprises at least one row of through holes, each row of through holes is provided with a group at intervals of a preset distance, each group of through holes comprises three through holes, and a sealing plug is arranged in each through hole; the third detection port (9) comprises three rows of through holes which are respectively arranged in the upper, middle and lower areas of the tank wall of the saline-alkali soil tank (3), each row comprises a plurality of groups of through holes, a group of through holes are arranged at intervals of a preset distance, each group of through holes comprises three through holes, and a sealing plug is arranged in each through hole;
the data collector (4) comprises a data collector host (41) with a display screen and a plurality of data converters (43) connected with the data collector host (41) through interfaces; each data converter (43) comprises three sensors (42), respectively a conductivity sensor, a pH sensor and a temperature sensor, the temperature measured by the temperature sensors being used for compensating the conductivity and the pH; among the sensors (42) corresponding to the plurality of data converters (43), one group of sensors (42) is used for detecting the water sample collected from the first detection port (7), and probes of the other sensors (42) are respectively inserted into all through holes of the second detection port (8) and the third detection port (9).
2. The experimental device for simulating brine migration in saline-alkali soil of claim 1, wherein:
the second detection ports (8) are arranged in a plurality of rows and distributed at different positions of the tank wall of the saline-alkali soil tank (3).
3. The experimental device for simulating brine migration in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:
the heights of the saline-alkali soil box (3) and the water tank (2) are 0.5-1.5m;
the predetermined distance is 10-20cm.
4. An experimental method for simulating the water and salt migration of the saline-alkali soil, which is characterized by comprising the following steps based on the experimental device for simulating the water and salt migration of the saline-alkali soil as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3:
1) Selecting saline-alkali soil for sediment type matrix development, determining a digging position, removing soil surface layer floating soil, digging to expose soil profile, selecting a saline-alkali soil box (3) with proper height according to soil profile level distribution, vertically pressing the bottom edge of the saline-alkali soil box (3) into the soil downwards, enabling the saline-alkali soil box (3) to be stable in force when being pressed into the soil until the saline-alkali soil box (3) is full of soil samples, cleaning the soil around the saline-alkali soil box (3), taking out the saline-alkali soil box (3) filled with soil, cutting off redundant soil at the upper end and the lower end of the saline-alkali soil box (3), pushing the bottom plate of the saline-alkali soil box (3) into the bottom of the box through a first clamping groove a at the bottom of the saline-alkali soil box (3), and smearing sealant at the first clamping groove a; then the water tank (2) is connected to the saline-alkali soil box (3) through a second clamping groove b, and sealant is smeared at the second clamping groove b;
2) Fresh water is injected into the water tank (2) through the first detection port (7), the water surface is higher than the sieve holes (10), a water sample is collected, and the conductivity and pH value data of the water sample are detected by the data collector (4);
3) The conductivity and pH value data of the saline-alkali soil (6) are read in real time through a data acquisition device (4);
4) And measuring conductivity and pH value data of a water sample of the water tank (2) at intervals, comparing the conductivity and pH value data of the saline-alkali soil (6) at the same time period, and monitoring water-salt migration condition under the fresh water storage condition until the conductivity and pH value of the water body (5) and the saline-alkali soil (6) are stable.
5. The experimental method for simulating brine migration in a salinized soil of claim 4, further comprising, after step 4):
a) After the conductivity values and the pH values of the water body (5) and the saline-alkali soil (6) are stable, closing the top cover of the water tank (2), moving an experimental device for simulating the water salt migration of the saline-alkali soil outdoors, measuring the conductivity and the pH value data of the water sample of the water tank (2) once at intervals, comparing with the conductivity and the pH value data of the saline-alkali soil (6) at the same time period, and monitoring the water salt migration condition under the natural evaporation state.
6. The experimental method for simulating brine migration in a salinized soil of claim 4, further comprising, after step 4):
b) Selecting one of three irrigation forms of flood irrigation, drip irrigation and spray irrigation, respectively setting different irrigation amounts and different irrigation intensities, irrigating the surface layer of the saline-alkali soil (6) with the stable conductivity value and the stable pH value obtained in the step 4), measuring conductivity and pH value data of a water sample of the water tank (2) at intervals, comparing the conductivity and the pH value data with conductivity and pH value data of the saline-alkali soil (6) at the same time period, and monitoring water salt migration conditions of a fresh water storage mode and different irrigation forms, different irrigation amounts and different irrigation intensities.
7. The experimental method for simulating brine migration in a salinized soil of claim 4, further comprising, after step 4):
c) Setting different precipitation amounts and different precipitation intensities, uniformly precipitating on the surface layer of the saline-alkali soil (6) with stable conductivity value and pH value obtained in the step 4), measuring conductivity and pH value data of a water sample of the water tank (2) once at intervals, comparing the conductivity and pH value data of the saline-alkali soil (6) in the same period with the conductivity and pH value data, and monitoring the water-salt migration condition of the fresh water with different precipitation amounts and different precipitation intensities.
8. An experimental method for simulating the water and salt migration of the saline-alkali soil, which is characterized by comprising the following steps based on the experimental device for simulating the water and salt migration of the saline-alkali soil as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3:
1) Selecting saline-alkali soil for sediment type matrix development, determining a digging position, removing soil surface layer floating soil, digging to expose soil profile, selecting a saline-alkali soil box (3) with proper height according to soil profile level distribution, vertically pressing the bottom edge of the saline-alkali soil box (3) into the soil downwards, enabling the saline-alkali soil box (3) to be stable in force when being pressed into the soil until the saline-alkali soil box (3) is full of soil samples, cleaning the soil around the saline-alkali soil box (3), taking out the saline-alkali soil box (3) filled with soil, cutting off redundant soil at the upper end and the lower end of the saline-alkali soil box (3), pushing the bottom plate of the saline-alkali soil box (3) into the bottom of the box through a first clamping groove a at the bottom of the saline-alkali soil box (3), and smearing sealant at the first clamping groove a; then the water tank (2) is connected to the saline-alkali soil box (3) through a second clamping groove b, and sealant is smeared at the second clamping groove b;
2) Selecting one of three irrigation modes of simulated flood irrigation, drip irrigation and spray irrigation, respectively setting different irrigation amounts and different irrigation intensities, irrigating the surface layer of the saline-alkali soil (6) obtained in the step 1), measuring conductivity and pH value data of a water sample of the water tank (2) at intervals, comparing the conductivity and pH value data with the conductivity and pH value data of the saline-alkali soil (6) at the same time period, and monitoring water-salt migration conditions under the different irrigation modes, different irrigation amounts and different irrigation intensities.
9. An experimental method for simulating the water and salt migration of the saline-alkali soil, which is characterized by comprising the following steps based on the experimental device for simulating the water and salt migration of the saline-alkali soil as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3:
1) Selecting saline-alkali soil for sediment type matrix development, determining a digging position, removing soil surface layer floating soil, digging to expose soil profile, selecting a saline-alkali soil box (3) with proper height according to soil profile level distribution, vertically pressing the bottom edge of the saline-alkali soil box (3) into the soil downwards, enabling the saline-alkali soil box (3) to be stable in force when being pressed into the soil until the saline-alkali soil box (3) is full of soil samples, cleaning the soil around the saline-alkali soil box (3), taking out the saline-alkali soil box (3) filled with soil, cutting off redundant soil at the upper end and the lower end of the saline-alkali soil box (3), pushing the bottom plate of the saline-alkali soil box (3) into the bottom of the box through a first clamping groove a at the bottom of the saline-alkali soil box (3), and smearing sealant at the first clamping groove a; then the water tank (2) is connected to the saline-alkali soil box (3) through a second clamping groove b, and sealant is smeared at the second clamping groove b;
2) Setting different precipitation amounts and different precipitation intensities, uniformly precipitating water to the surface layer of the saline-alkali soil (6) obtained in the step 1), measuring conductivity and pH value data of a water sample of the water tank (2) at intervals, comparing the conductivity and pH value data of the saline-alkali soil (6) at the same time interval, and monitoring water-salt migration conditions under different precipitation amounts and different precipitation intensities.
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