CN114167032A - Method and device for simulating influence of mining subsidence on soil water and salt migration - Google Patents
Method and device for simulating influence of mining subsidence on soil water and salt migration Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of mining area ecological restoration, and discloses a method and a device for simulating influence of mining subsidence on soil water and salt migration, wherein the method comprises a rectangular organic glass container without a cover and a bottom; a clamping groove of the steel base; a movable panel made of organic glass, etc. A gypsum board is laid and soil is filled above a movable panel fixed in an organic glass container; and a data collector and a sensor are arranged in a plurality of water and salt monitoring holes uniformly formed on the side surface of the organic glass container. And (3) carrying out mining subsidence process simulation, soil evaporation process simulation, water and salt data monitoring and water and salt data analysis under the mining subsidence disturbance of the shallow coal seam by using the constructed mining subsidence device, calculating the soil evaporation capacity, the desalination rate and the change rule thereof of different stress areas, different depths and different subsidence stages of the subsidence basin, and determining the soil and salt migration rule under the mining subsidence condition of the shallow coal seam. The device meets the requirements of simple device, convenient operation, controllable data acquisition, wide application range and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mining area ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a method and a device for simulating influence of mining subsidence on soil water and salt migration.
Background
At present, shallow coal seams are widely distributed in arid and semi-arid regions in the west of China. The exploitation of shallow coal seams causes large-area subsidence of wind-accumulated sand and loess coverage areas and ground cracks with different development depths, and a plurality of exploitation cracks directly reach the ground surface. The mining crack directly communicated with the earth surface increases the contact area of the soil and the atmosphere, and the evaporation effect is enhanced. The method becomes an important factor for the ecological damage of the ground surface in the western regions with drought, little rain and high illumination intensity. And partial surface water leaks to the subsidence area along the cracks, so that the water and salt migration rule of the soil close to the surface of the subsidence area is influenced. The change of the soil water and salt migration rule leads to the saline and alkaline treatment of the earth surface soil, the disturbance of the moisture and salt needed by the vegetation growth, the micro-ecology of the soil and the like, and finally causes the damage of the earth surface ecology of the coal mining subsidence area. In conclusion, mining subsidence changes the soil water and salt migration rule, and becomes one of the important reasons for the ecological system degradation of the shallow coal mining subsidence area. Therefore, the study on the soil water and salt migration rule under the disturbance of shallow coal seam mining is an important theoretical composition of an influence mechanism of mining subsidence on an earth surface ecological system, and has important practical significance for scientifically developing the ecological restoration engineering of the mining subsidence area and improving the ecological self-repairing capability.
At present, the widely used research method for exploiting the soil water and salt migration rule in the subsidence area mainly adopts a physical model and a field monitoring 2-class method. Due to the dynamic succession of the mining subsidence basin, the limited soil moisture monitoring depth, the large area of the subsidence basin and other objective limiting factors, the dynamic monitoring of the whole mining process is difficult to realize by the field monitoring data. Therefore, the adoption of a physical model capable of simulating the mining subsidence process becomes an effective means for researching the water and salt migration of the soil in the mining subsidence land. The existing physical model for soil water and salt migration mainly comprises:
(1) and a one-dimensional soil column model which supplies water and maintains a fixed water head by using a Marriott bottle. The model is mainly used for simulating the constant head soil moisture infiltration process and describing the soil moisture infiltration characteristics changing along with the depth. In such models, some scholars have added different groundwater depths to simulate soil water salt migration under different groundwater level conditions. In addition, the soil column model can be added with a rainfall simulation device to simulate different soil layer structures.
(2) And simulating a two-dimensional model of water and salt migration of the soil for developing the mining crack. At present, a two-dimensional soil water and salt migration physical model is established in research aiming at the soil water and salt migration rule of the mining subsidence land. The model mainly simulates the subsidence crack, and monitors and describes the soil water and salt change rule of observation points at different distances from the subsidence crack. The model focuses on the scientific problem of effective influence distance of the subsidence cracks on soil water and salt migration.
(3) And (5) exploiting the subsidence similar model. Most mining subsidence similar models mainly aim at simulating deformation of overlying strata of a deep-buried coal seam, and various fine displacement measuring devices are added in the models. And a few of the simulation soil cover layer has the displacement deformation and the simulation function of the soil water and salt migration rule.
Through the above analysis, the defects and problems that can be realized by the present invention are: the invention can simulate the soil water and salt migration rule in the dynamic succession process of mining subsidence along with time in a short time, and can avoid the technical problem that the dynamic monitoring of the whole mining process is difficult to realize by on-site monitoring data due to the objective limiting factors such as the dynamic succession of mining subsidence basins, limited soil moisture monitoring depth, large subsidence basin area and the like.
The difficulty in solving the above problems and defects is: the movable panel is controlled to descend by sequentially adjusting the height of the screws, the mining height and the mining tunneling process are simulated, the overburden layer is naturally sunk, and a mining sunk section is formed. Meanwhile, a data collector and a sensor which are arranged in advance in the subsidence model beneficial to exploitation are used for monitoring soil moisture and conductivity data in real time, and the distribution rule of a shallow part tension area and an extrusion area of the subsidence section can be well simulated. The soil water and salt migration rule in the dynamic succession process of the mining subsidence along with the time is simulated in a short time.
The significance of solving the problems and the defects is as follows: the shallow coal seam mining causes the development of soil cracks, the evaporation effect of the earth surface is strong, and surface water leaks to a mining subsidence area along the cracks, so that the water and salt migration rule of the soil near the earth surface of the subsidence area is influenced. The method is one of important reasons for the degradation of the ecosystem of the shallow coal mining subsidence area. Therefore, the method provides theoretical basis for ecological restoration of the mining subsidence area by simulating the soil water and salt migration rule in the dynamic succession process of mining subsidence along with time, and meanwhile, the research on the soil water and salt migration rule under the mining disturbance of the shallow coal seam is an important theoretical composition of an influence mechanism of mining subsidence on an earth surface ecological system, and has important practical significance for scientifically developing ecological restoration engineering of the mining subsidence area and improving ecological self-repairing capability.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method and a device for simulating the influence of mining subsidence on the migration of soil water and salt.
The invention is realized in such a way that a method for simulating the influence of mining subsidence on the migration of soil water and salt comprises the following steps:
and (3) carrying out mining subsidence process simulation, soil evaporation process simulation, water and salt data monitoring and water and salt data analysis under the mining subsidence disturbance of the shallow coal seam by using the constructed mining subsidence device, calculating the soil evaporation capacity, the desalination rate and the change rule thereof of different stress areas, different depths and different subsidence stages of the subsidence basin, and determining the soil and salt migration rule under the mining subsidence condition of the shallow coal seam.
Further, the method for simulating the influence of mining subsidence on soil water and salt migration comprises the following steps:
step one, constructing a mining subsidence model: placing a non-cover and non-bottom transparent organic glass container in a groove of a steel panel with a bracket to serve as a vessel for containing soil; the movable panels are arranged side by side above a steel panel of an organic glass vessel, four movable screws are utilized to support each movable panel, a 2cm gypsum board is laid above the fixed movable panel, and the gypsum board on the top plate is filled with an aqueous solution (ion concentration ratio: Na: mineralization: 3 g/L) with the mineralization degree of 3g/L+:Cl-：CO3 2-:Ca2+:SO4 2-:Mg2 +Mixing completely 8:4:1:1: 1) and saturated soil solution with water content of 21%, and loading the soil into a column;
step two, data acquisition: placing a data collector and a sensor in 25 water-salt monitoring holes uniformly formed in the side surface of an organic glass vessel perpendicular to a movable panel to monitor soil moisture and conductivity data in real time;
thirdly, carrying out mining subsidence simulation based on the mining subsidence model after column installation: after the water is balanced, the height of the movable panel is sequentially adjusted, the mining and tunneling process is simulated, the overlying soil layer is naturally sunk to form a mining sunk section, and mining sunk simulation and soil evaporation simulation are carried out.
Step four, collecting samples: partitioning and collecting layered data soil samples on the subsidence section according to the soil depth, a tension area and a squeezing area of the subsidence basin;
step five, data processing: processing the acquired data by using an intelligent terminal, and respectively calculating the soil evaporation capacity and the salt rejection rate of the tension area and the extrusion area at different positions; determining the change rule of the evaporation capacity and the desalination rate of the soil, and determining the soil water and salt migration rule under the condition of shallow coal seam mining subsidence.
Further, in the first step, the construction of the mining subsidence model includes:
placing a uncovered bottomless transparent organic glass container in a groove of a steel panel with a bracket to serve as a container for containing soil; uniformly arranging 60 screw holes on a steel panel of the organic glass vessel;
placing 15 movable panels above a steel panel of an organic glass vessel side by side, supporting each movable panel by using four movable screws, penetrating the movable screws of each plane through corresponding screw holes, and fixing by using flat head screws;
laying a 2cm gypsum board above the fixed movable panel, filling soil, uniformly arranging a plurality of water and salt monitoring holes on one vertical side surface of the organic glass vessel and the movable panel, and placing a data collector and a sensor in the water and salt monitoring holes to obtain the mining subsidence model.
Further, in step one, the soil pillaring comprises:
fully mixing the soil with an aqueous solution with the mineralization degree of 3g/L to obtain a soil solution with the maximum saturated water content of 21%;
filling soil into the constructed mining subsidence model in layers according to the weight of every 10cm, and controlling the volume weight of the soil to be 1.6g/cm3Standing for 24 h.
Further, the aqueous solution with the mineralization degree of 3g/L comprises: ion concentration ratio: na (Na)+:Cl-：CO3 2-:Ca2+:SO4 2-:Mg2 +＝8:4:1:1:1:1。
Further, the mining subsidence simulation based on the mining subsidence model after the columns are installed comprises the following steps:
keeping the heights of the left 3 movable panels and the right 3 movable panels of the 15 movable panels of the mining subsidence model unchanged; and sequentially adjusting the heights of the middle 9 movable panels from the fourth movable panel to the right by adjusting the distance and the height of the screws, descending the movable panels by 10cm, horizontally pushing the movable panels by 10cm every 1h from the left to the right, simulating the mining and tunneling process, naturally sinking the overlying soil layer to form a mining subsidence section, and standing for 24h to obtain the mining subsidence model in the stable subsidence stage.
Further, the calculation of the soil evaporation capacity and the salt rejection rate of different stress areas of the subsidence section is disclosed as follows:
25 water and salt monitoring holes uniformly distributed on the side wall of the organic glass container are numbered from left to right and from top to bottom in sequence as No. 1-25. And after the subsidence section is formed, the observation points in different stress areas are divided into regions and layered to calculate the evaporation capacity and the desalination rate of the soil water.
The soil moisture evaporation capacity calculation formula is as follows:
wherein: epsilon represents the soil moisture evaporation capacity; epsiloniRepresenting the unit of soil moisture content at the end of simulation; epsilon0Indicating the soil moisture content at the beginning of the simulation; s represents the volume weight of soil near an observation point; v represents the soil volume; n represents the number of observation points;
the soil desalination rate calculation formula:
wherein, P represents the soil desalination rate; c. C0Representing the initial salt content of the soil; c. CiRepresenting the salt content of the soil at the end of the simulation; n represents the number of observation points.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a device for simulating the influence of mining subsidence on the migration of soil water and salt, which implements the method for simulating the influence of mining subsidence on the migration of soil water and salt, wherein the device for simulating the influence of mining subsidence on the migration of soil water and salt is provided with:
a rectangular organic glass container without a cover and a bottom;
the rectangular organic glass container is placed in a clamping groove of the steel base; the steel base comprises 15 organic glass movable panels, a stainless steel bottom plate containing perforated screws and a stainless steel bracket;
25 water and salt monitoring holes are uniformly formed in the side wall, perpendicular to the organic glass container and the movable panel made of organic glass.
Further, the 15 organic glass movable panels are distributed side by side; the distance between the 15 organic glass movable panels and the stainless steel bottom plate containing the perforated screws is 15 cm; and the height distance between the 15 organic glass movable panels and the ground is 35 cm;
2cm gypsum boards are laid on the 15 organic glass movable panels, and then soil is filled in the gypsum boards;
each movable panel is supported by 4 movable screws of a stainless steel bottom plate with perforated screws; the screw height of the screw is adjustable, and the maximum adjustable height is 15 cm;
60 flat-head screws are uniformly distributed on the stainless steel perforated screw bottom plate;
the water and salt monitoring hole can be sealed by a soft plug; stainless steel support is provided with four angles, four angles are provided with the high A-frame of 20cm respectively.
Further, the device for simulating the influence of mining subsidence on soil water and salt migration further comprises:
a data line;
one end of the data line is connected with a data collector and a sensor which are positioned in the soil; the other end of the data line penetrates through the water and salt monitoring hole and is connected with an intelligent terminal.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: firstly, the height of the movable panel is controlled by sequentially adjusting the height of the screws, the mining subsidence height and the mining tunneling process are simulated, and the overlying soil layer is naturally subsided to form a mining subsidence section. And constructing a two-dimensional soil column test device capable of simulating the soil water and salt migration process of different mining subsidence stress areas by utilizing different influence characteristics of the mining subsidence extrusion stress area and the tensile stress area on the volume weight of the soil.
And secondly, calculating the soil moisture evaporation capacity and the soil desalination rate of different depths and different subsidence stress areas by monitoring water salt and data in real time, and comparing the time effect of mining subsidence on disturbance of soil water salt migration. The method provides scientific data for systematically clarifying the water and salt migration rule of the soil in the mining subsidence area, and has important significance for monitoring and evaluating the stability of the surface soil ecosystem in the mining subsidence area.
Thirdly, the water and salt migration of the mining subsidence section is simulated through Hydrus-2D, the simulation precision meets the test requirement, and the physical model of the invention is proved to be reliable in simulating the soil water and salt migration of the shallow coal mining subsidence land.
Fourthly, the method can simulate the soil water and salt migration rule in the mining subsidence dynamic succession process in a short time, and avoids the technical problem that dynamic monitoring of the whole mining process is difficult to realize by on-site monitoring data due to the dynamic succession of mining subsidence basins and objective limiting factors such as limited soil moisture monitoring depth, large subsidence basin area and the like.
Fifth, the device of the invention is simple and easy to operate, and the calculation method is scientific and reasonable and has wide application range.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for simulating the influence of mining subsidence on soil water salt migration provided by the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a shallow coal seam mining subsidence physical model provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a movable panel a and a steel base B in a physical model according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the soil evaporation amount of different stress areas on a mining subsidence section provided by the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the salt rejection of soil in different stress zones on a mining subsidence section provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In view of the problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a method and an apparatus for simulating the influence of mining subsidence on the migration of soil water and salt, and the following detailed description of the invention is made with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that the advantages and features of the invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, and the protection scope of the invention can be more clearly and clearly defined.
The method for simulating the influence of mining subsidence on soil water and salt migration provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
and (3) carrying out mining subsidence process simulation, soil evaporation process simulation, water and salt data monitoring and water and salt data analysis under the mining subsidence disturbance of the shallow coal seam by using the constructed mining subsidence device, calculating the soil evaporation capacity, the desalination rate and the change rule thereof of different stress areas, different depths and different subsidence stages of the subsidence basin, and determining the soil and salt migration rule under the mining subsidence condition of the shallow coal seam.
The problem solved by the influence of the simulated mining subsidence on the soil water and salt migration provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: the invention can simulate the soil water and salt migration rule in the dynamic succession process of mining subsidence along with time in a short time, and can avoid the technical problem that the dynamic monitoring of the whole mining process is difficult to realize by on-site monitoring data due to the objective limiting factors such as the dynamic succession of mining subsidence basins, limited soil moisture monitoring depth, large subsidence basin area and the like.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for simulating the influence of mining subsidence on soil water and salt migration provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101, constructing a mining subsidence model: placing a non-cover and non-bottom transparent organic glass container in a groove of a steel panel with a bracket to serve as a vessel for containing soil; the movable panels are arranged above a steel panel of an organic glass vessel side by side, four movable screws are utilized to support each movable panel, a 2cm gypsum board is laid above the fixed movable panel, and the gypsum board on the top plate is filled with an aqueous solution (the ion concentration ratio: Na: 3 g/L) with the mineralization degree+:Cl-：CO3 2-:Ca2+:SO4 2-:Mg2+Mixing completely 8:4:1:1: 1) and saturated soil solution with water content of 21%, and loading the soil into a column;
s102, data acquisition: placing a data collector and a sensor in 25 water-salt monitoring holes uniformly formed in the side surface of an organic glass vessel perpendicular to a movable panel to monitor soil moisture and conductivity data in real time;
s103, carrying out mining subsidence simulation based on the mining subsidence model after column installation: after the water is balanced, the height of the movable panel is sequentially adjusted, the mining and tunneling process is simulated, the overlying soil layer is naturally sunk to form a mining sunk section, and mining sunk simulation and soil evaporation simulation are carried out.
S104, collecting a sample: partitioning and collecting layered data soil samples on the subsidence section according to the soil depth, a tension area and a squeezing area of the subsidence basin;
s105, data processing: processing the acquired data by using an intelligent terminal, and respectively calculating the soil evaporation capacity and the salt rejection rate of the tension area and the extrusion area at different positions; determining the change rule of the evaporation capacity and the desalination rate of the soil, and determining the soil water and salt migration rule under the condition of shallow coal seam mining subsidence.
The method for constructing the mining subsidence model comprises the following steps:
placing a uncovered bottomless transparent organic glass container in a groove of a steel panel with a bracket to serve as a container for containing soil; uniformly arranging 60 screw holes on a steel panel of the organic glass vessel;
placing 15 movable panels above a steel panel of an organic glass vessel side by side, supporting one movable panel by four movable screws, penetrating the movable screw of each plane through a corresponding screw hole, and fixing by using a flat head screw;
laying a 2cm gypsum board above the fixed movable panel, filling soil, uniformly arranging a plurality of water and salt monitoring holes on one vertical side surface of the organic glass vessel and the movable panel, and placing a data collector and a sensor in the water and salt monitoring holes to obtain the mining subsidence model.
The soil column filling provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
fully mixing the soil with an aqueous solution with the mineralization degree of 3g/L to obtain a soil solution with the maximum saturated water content of 21%;
paving 2cm gypsum boards in the constructed mining subsidence model, filling soil in layers of every 10cm, and controlling the volume weight of the soil to be 1.6g/cm3The bedding surface is roughened to prevent the layering effect. Standing for 24 h.
The water solution with the degree of mineralization of 3g/L provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises: ion concentration ratio: na (Na)+:Cl-：CO3 2-:Ca2+:SO4 2-:Mg2+＝8:4:1:1:1:1。
The mining subsidence simulation based on the mining subsidence model after column installation provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
keeping the heights of the left 3 movable panels and the right 3 movable panels of the 15 movable panels of the mining subsidence model unchanged; and sequentially adjusting the heights of the middle 9 movable panels from the fourth movable panel to the right by adjusting the distance and the height of the screws, descending the movable panels by 10cm, horizontally pushing the movable panels by 10cm every 1h from the left to the right, simulating the mining and tunneling process, naturally sinking the overlying soil layer to form a mining subsidence section, and standing for 24h to obtain the mining subsidence model in the stable subsidence stage.
The calculation of the soil evaporation capacity and the salt rejection rate of different depths and different stress areas on the subsidence section provided by the embodiment of the invention is disclosed as follows:
25 water and salt monitoring holes uniformly distributed on the side wall of the organic glass container are numbered from left to right and from top to bottom in sequence as No. 1-25. Observation points of No. 2, No. 7, No. 12, No. 17 and observation points of the left tension fracture area after the subsidence fracture surface is formed; observation points in the extrusion compaction area are observation points No. 3, 8, 13, 18 and 23; the observation points in the right tensile fracture zone are No. 4, No. 9, No. 14, No. 19 and No. 24.
The soil moisture evaporation capacity calculation formula is as follows:
wherein: epsilon represents the soil moisture evaporation capacity; epsiloniRepresenting the unit of soil moisture content at the end of simulation; epsilon0Indicating the soil moisture content at the beginning of the simulation; s represents the volume weight of soil near an observation point; v represents the soil volume; n represents the number of observation points;
the soil desalination rate calculation formula:
wherein, P represents the soil desalination rate; c. C0Representing the initial salt content of the soil; c. CiRepresenting the salt content of the soil at the end of the simulation; n represents the number of observation points.
As shown in fig. 2, the device for simulating the influence of mining subsidence on soil water and salt migration provided by the embodiment of the invention is provided with:
a rectangular organic glass container without a cover and a bottom;
the rectangular organic glass container is placed in a clamping groove of the steel base; the steel base comprises 15 organic glass movable panels, a stainless steel bottom plate containing perforated screws and a stainless steel bracket;
25 water and salt monitoring holes are uniformly formed in the side wall of the organic glass container, which is perpendicular to the movable panel made of organic glass.
The 15 organic glass movable panels provided by the embodiment of the invention are distributed side by side; the distance between the 15 organic glass movable panels and the stainless steel bottom plate containing the perforated screws is 15 cm; and the height distance between the 15 organic glass movable panels and the ground is 35 cm;
soil is filled on the 15 organic glass movable panels; each movable panel is supported by 4 movable screws of a stainless steel bottom plate with perforated screws; the screw height of the screw is adjustable, and the maximum adjustable height is 15 cm;
60 flat-head screws are uniformly distributed on the stainless steel perforated screw bottom plate;
the water salt monitoring hole can be sealed by a soft seal; stainless steel support is provided with four angles, four angles are provided with the high A-frame of 20cm respectively.
The device for simulating the influence of mining subsidence on the migration of soil water and salt provided by the embodiment of the invention also comprises:
a data line;
one end of the data line is connected with a data collector and a sensor which are positioned in the soil; the other end of the data line penetrates through the water and salt monitoring hole and is connected with an intelligent terminal.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described with reference to the following specific embodiments.
Example (b):
a method and a device for researching the law of soil water and salt migration under the condition of shallow coal seam mining subsidence comprise a rectangular organic glass container without a cover and a bottom, and the size is as follows: 150 x 30 x 125 (unit: cm). 25 water and salt monitoring holes are uniformly distributed on the side wall of the organic glass container and used for placing water and salt monitoring probes. The organic glass container is placed in the clamping groove of the stainless steel base. The base is composed of an organic glass movable panel, a stainless steel bottom plate with a perforated screw and a stainless steel bracket 3. Wherein, the distance between the organic glass movable panel and the stainless steel bottom plate containing the perforated screws is 15 cm. The height of the organic glass movable panel is 35cm away from the ground, and the organic glass movable panel consists of 15 movable panels. Size of each movable panel: 10 × 30 × 1 (unit: cm). Each movable panel is supported by 4 movable screws of a stainless steel bottom plate with a perforated screw. 60 flat-head screws are uniformly distributed on the stainless steel perforated screw bottom plate, and the length of each screw is 20 cm. The flat head screw is used for supporting the overlying movable panel. The lifting height of the movable panel can be adjusted by twisting the screw, and the maximum adjustable height is 15 cm. And filling soil above the movable panel, and simulating the mining height by adjusting the height of the screw. Two ends of the bottom surface A are respectively provided with 3 movable panels with the height unchanged (15 cm). And the heights of the 9 movable panels are sequentially adjusted from the 4 th movable panel on the left to the right, and the mining and tunneling process is simulated, so that the overlying soil layer is naturally sunk, and a mining sunk section is formed. Physical model similarity ratio 1: 15. 25 water and salt monitoring points are uniformly distributed in the subsided soil body, data lines are led out from 25 monitoring holes in the side wall of the organic glass container and can be connected with an external host, and the monitoring holes can be sealed by soft plugs. The stainless steel support contains four angles, installs the 20cm high A-frame respectively.
The method is based on the mining subsidence model to perform soil evaporation test, water and salt data monitoring and water and salt data analysis under the mining subsidence disturbance of the shallow coal seam, and calculate the soil water content, the evaporation capacity, the desalination rate and the change rule of the soil in different stress areas, different depths and different subsidence stages of the subsidence basin.
A method for researching the soil water and salt migration rule under the condition of shallow coal seam mining subsidence comprises the following steps:
(1) and (5) establishing a mining subsidence model.
The device is an open cuboid, and the size is as follows: 150 x 30 x 125 (unit: cm). The bottom surface A consists of 15 movable panels. Size of each movable panel: 10 × 30 × 1 (unit: cm). Each movable panel is supported by 4 movable screws on the bottom surface B, the lifting height of the movable panel can be adjusted by twisting the screws, and the maximum adjustable height is 15 cm. And (3) paving a gypsum board with the thickness of 2cm above the movable panel, filling soil, simulating the mining height by adjusting the height of the screw, and reserving 3 movable panels at two ends of the bottom surface A respectively without changing the height (15 cm). Physical model similarity ratio 1: 15. 25 observation points are uniformly distributed on the subsided soil body.
(2) And (5) filling the soil into columns.
Firstly, the soil to be tested is mineralizedDegree of 3g/L (ion concentration ratio: Na)+:Cl-：CO3 2-:Ca2+:SO4 2-:Mg2+An aqueous solution of 8:4:1:1:1:1) was thoroughly mixed, and the maximum saturated water content was maintained at 21%. Loading soil in each 10cm layer by layer, and controlling the volume weight of the soil in the test to be 1.6g/cm3. The bedding surface is roughened to prevent the layering effect. Standing for 24h until the water content is balanced.
(3) And (5) simulating mining subsidence.
And after the water is balanced, carrying out mining subsidence simulation on the test model. The heights of 9 movable panels are sequentially adjusted from the 4 th movable panel on the left to the right, and the height of the movable panel is reduced by 10 cm. Every 1h, the horizontal push is 10cm from left to right. And simulating the mining and tunneling process to make the overlying soil layer naturally sink to form a mining sinking section. And reaching a steady sinking stage after 24 hours.
(4) And (5) simulating a soil evaporation test.
And (3) monitoring soil moisture and conductivity data in real time by using a pre-installed EM50 data collector +5TE sensor. The EM50 monitor (soil doctor RS485) measures the interval time for 30min, the conductivity of the instrument precision is 0-10000us +/-3% FS, and the water content is 0-50% +/-2%. Affected by the 5TE sensor, the water content of the soil reaches 12 percent, and the test is finished. The treatment period is 78 days.
(5) And (6) data acquisition.
After the steps are finished, partitioning and hierarchical data acquisition are carried out according to the depth, the tension area and the extrusion area of the subsidence basin.
(6) And (4) calculating the evaporation capacity and the desalination rate of the soil in different stress areas and different depths on the subsidence section.
25 water and salt monitoring holes uniformly distributed on the side wall of the organic glass container are numbered from left to right and from top to bottom in sequence as No. 1-25. Observation points of No. 2, No. 7, No. 12, No. 17 and observation points of the left tension fracture area after the subsidence fracture surface is formed; observation points in the extrusion compaction area are observation points No. 3, 8, 13, 18 and 23; the observation points in the right tensile fracture zone are No. 4, No. 9, No. 14, No. 19 and No. 24.
The soil moisture evaporation capacity calculation formula is as follows:
wherein: epsilon represents the soil moisture evaporation capacity; epsiloniRepresenting the unit of soil moisture content at the end of simulation; epsilon0Indicating the soil moisture content at the beginning of the simulation; s represents the volume weight of soil near an observation point; v represents the soil volume; n represents the number of observation points;
the soil desalination rate calculation formula:
wherein, P represents the soil desalination rate; c. C0Representing the initial salt content of the soil; c. CiRepresenting the salt content of the soil at the end of the simulation; n represents the number of observation points.
2. The above-mentioned a device that is used for studying soil water salt migration law under shallow coal seam exploitation settlement condition includes:
(1) a plexiglass container.
(2) A movable panel made of organic glass.
(3) A steel base. The base comprises a bottom plate containing stainless steel perforated screws and a bracket 3. Wherein:
size of the rectangular organic glass container without cover and bottom: 150 x 30 x 120 (unit: cm). 25 water and salt monitoring holes are uniformly distributed on the side wall of the organic glass container and used for placing water and salt monitoring probes. The organic glass container is placed in the clamping groove of the stainless steel base. The base is composed of an organic glass movable panel, a stainless steel bottom plate with a perforated screw and a stainless steel bracket 3. Wherein, the distance between the organic glass movable panel and the stainless steel bottom plate containing the perforated screws is 15 cm. The height of the organic glass movable panel is 35cm away from the ground, and the organic glass movable panel consists of 15 movable panels. Size of each movable panel: 10 × 30 × 1 (unit: cm). Each movable panel is supported by 4 movable screws of a stainless steel bottom plate with a perforated screw. 60 flat-head screws are uniformly distributed on the stainless steel perforated screw bottom plate, and the length of each screw is 20 cm. The flat head screw is used for supporting the overlying movable panel. The lifting height of the movable panel can be adjusted by twisting the screw, and the maximum adjustable height is 15 cm. A2 cm gypsum board is laid above the movable panel, then soil is filled, and the height of the mining is simulated by adjusting the height of the screw. Two ends of the bottom surface A are respectively provided with 3 movable panels with the height unchanged (15 cm). And the heights of the 9 movable panels are sequentially adjusted from the 4 th movable panel on the left to the right, and the mining and tunneling process is simulated, so that the overlying soil layer is naturally sunk, and a mining sunk section is formed. Physical model similarity ratio 1: 15. 25 water and salt monitoring points are uniformly distributed in the subsided soil body, data lines are led out from 25 monitoring holes in the side wall of the organic glass container and can be connected with an external host, and the monitoring holes can be sealed by soft plugs. The stainless steel support contains four angles, installs the 20cm high A-frame respectively.
The water evaporation capacity and salt rejection of the soil in the tension crack area and the compression compaction area on the subsidence section are shown in figures 4 and 5. The mining subsidence enables the soil evaporation capacity and the salt rejection rate of the tension crack area to be remarkably increased, and the soil evaporation capacity and the salt rejection rate of the extrusion stress area to be remarkably reduced.
The invention is further described below with reference to specific comparative experimental data.
Compared with the prior art, the method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the dynamic succession process of mining subsidence along with time in a short time is completely simulated, the change condition of soil water and salt in the dynamic succession process is monitored in real time, and the technical problem that dynamic monitoring of the whole mining process is difficult to realize by field monitoring data due to objective limiting factors such as dynamic succession of mining subsidence basins, limited soil moisture monitoring depth, large subsidence basin area and the like is solved.
TABLE 1 comparison of the present invention with the prior art
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for simulating the influence of mining subsidence on the migration of soil water and salt is characterized by comprising the following steps:
and (3) carrying out mining subsidence process simulation, soil evaporation process simulation, water and salt data monitoring and water and salt data analysis under the mining subsidence disturbance of the shallow coal seam by using the constructed mining subsidence device, calculating the soil evaporation capacity, the desalination rate and the change rule thereof of different stress areas, different depths and different subsidence stages of the subsidence basin, and determining the soil and salt migration rule under the mining subsidence condition of the shallow coal seam.
2. The method for simulating the effect of mining subsidence on soil water salt migration according to claim 1, wherein the method for simulating the effect of mining subsidence on soil water salt migration comprises the steps of:
step one, constructing a mining subsidence model: placing a non-cover and non-bottom transparent organic glass container in a groove of a steel panel with a bracket to serve as a vessel for containing soil; the movable panels are arranged above a steel panel of an organic glass vessel side by side, four movable screws are utilized to support each movable panel, a 2cm gypsum board is laid above the fixed movable panel, and the gypsum board on the top plate is filled with an aqueous solution (the ion concentration ratio: Na: 3 g/L) with the mineralization degree+:Cl-：CO3 2-:Ca2+:SO4 2-:Mg2+Mixing completely 8:4:1:1: 1) and saturated soil solution with water content of 21%, and loading the soil into a column;
step two, data acquisition: placing a data collector and a sensor in 25 water-salt monitoring holes uniformly formed in the side surface of an organic glass vessel perpendicular to a movable panel to monitor soil moisture and conductivity data in real time;
thirdly, carrying out mining subsidence simulation based on the mining subsidence model after column installation: after the water is balanced, the height of the movable panel is sequentially adjusted, the mining and tunneling process is simulated, the overlying soil layer is naturally sunk to form a mining sunk section, and mining sunk simulation and soil evaporation simulation are carried out.
Step four, collecting samples: collecting the soil samples in a partitioned and layered manner on the subsidence section according to the soil depth, the tension area and the extrusion area of the subsidence basin;
step five, data processing: processing the acquired data by using an intelligent terminal, and respectively calculating the soil evaporation capacity and the salt rejection rate of the tension area and the extrusion area at different positions; determining the change rule of the evaporation capacity and the desalination rate of the soil, and determining the soil water and salt migration rule under the condition of shallow coal seam mining subsidence.
3. The method for simulating the influence of mining subsidence on soil water salt migration according to claim 2, wherein in the first step, the constructing the mining subsidence model comprises:
placing a uncovered bottomless transparent organic glass container in a groove of a steel panel with a bracket to serve as a container for containing soil; uniformly arranging 60 screw holes on a steel panel of the organic glass vessel;
placing 15 movable panels above a steel panel of an organic glass vessel side by side, supporting each movable panel by using four movable screws, penetrating the movable screws of each plane through corresponding screw holes, and fixing by using flat head screws;
laying a 2cm gypsum board above the fixed movable panel, filling soil on the gypsum board of the top plate, uniformly arranging a plurality of water and salt monitoring holes on one side surface of the organic glass vessel perpendicular to the movable panel, and placing a data collector and a sensor in the water and salt monitoring holes to obtain the mining subsidence model.
4. The method for simulating the effect of mining subsidence on soil water salt migration as claimed in claim 2, wherein in step one, said performing soil casing comprises:
fully mixing the soil with an aqueous solution with the mineralization degree of 3g/L to obtain a soil solution with the maximum saturated water content of 21%;
laying a layer of 2cm gypsum board as a top plate on a movable panel in the constructed mining subsidence model in advance, filling soil in layers of every 10cm, and controlling the volume weight of the soil to be 1.6g/cm3Standing for 24 h.
5. The method for simulating the effect of mining subsidence on soil water salt migration according to claim 4, wherein the aqueous solution with a degree of mineralization of 3g/L comprises: ion concentration ratio: na (Na)+:Cl-：CO3 2-:Ca2+:SO4 2-:Mg2+＝8:4:1:1:1:1。
6. The method of simulating the effect of mining subsidence on soil water salt migration as defined in claim 3, wherein said simulating mining subsidence based on the pillared mining subsidence model comprises:
keeping the heights of the left 3 movable panels and the right 3 movable panels of the 15 movable panels of the mining subsidence model unchanged; and sequentially adjusting the heights of the middle 9 movable panels from the fourth movable panel to the right by adjusting the distance and the height of the screws, descending the movable panels by 10cm, horizontally pushing the movable panels by 10cm every 1h from the left to the right, simulating the mining and tunneling process, naturally sinking the overlying soil layer to form a mining subsidence section, and standing for 24h to obtain the mining subsidence model in the stable subsidence stage.
7. The method for simulating the influence of mining subsidence on the soil water salt migration according to claim 2, wherein the calculation of the soil evaporation capacity and salt rejection rate is disclosed as follows:
the soil moisture evaporation capacity calculation formula is as follows:
wherein: epsilon represents the soil moisture evaporation capacity; epsiloniRepresenting the unit of soil moisture content at the end of simulation; epsilon0Representation simulationThe water content of the soil at the beginning; s represents the volume weight of soil near an observation point; v represents the soil volume; n represents the number of observation points;
the soil desalination rate calculation formula:
wherein, P represents the soil desalination rate; c. C0Representing the initial salt content of the soil; c. CiRepresenting the salt content of the soil at the end of the simulation; n represents the number of observation points.
8. An apparatus for simulating the influence of mining subsidence on the migration of soil water and salt for implementing the method for simulating the influence of mining subsidence on the migration of soil water and salt according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the apparatus for simulating the influence of mining subsidence on the migration of soil water and salt is provided with:
a rectangular organic glass container without a cover and a bottom;
the rectangular organic glass container is placed in a clamping groove of the steel base; the steel base comprises 15 organic glass movable panels, a stainless steel bottom plate containing perforated screws and a stainless steel bracket;
25 water and salt monitoring holes are uniformly formed in the side wall, perpendicular to the organic glass container and the movable panel made of organic glass.
9. The device for simulating the influence of mining subsidence on the migration of soil water and salt as claimed in claim 8, wherein said 15 organic glass movable panels are arranged side by side; the distance between the 15 organic glass movable panels and the stainless steel bottom plate containing the perforated screws is 15 cm; and the height distance between the 15 organic glass movable panels and the ground is 35 cm;
2cm gypsum boards are laid on the 15 organic glass movable panels, and then soil is filled;
each movable panel is supported by 4 movable screws of a stainless steel bottom plate with perforated screws; the screw height of the screw is adjustable, and the maximum adjustable height is 15 cm;
60 flat-head screws are uniformly distributed on the stainless steel perforated screw bottom plate;
the water and salt monitoring hole can be sealed by a soft plug; stainless steel support is provided with four angles, four angles are provided with the high A-frame of 20cm respectively.
10. The apparatus for simulating the effect of mining subsidence on soil water salt migration according to any one of claims 8-9, wherein the apparatus for simulating the effect of mining subsidence on soil water salt migration further comprises:
a data line;
one end of the data line is connected with a data collector and a sensor which are positioned in the soil; the other end of the data line penetrates through the water and salt monitoring hole and is connected with an intelligent terminal.
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| CN116448984B (en) * | 2023-04-20 | 2024-05-17 | 北京师范大学 | Multi-module integrated device and method for indoor simulation experiment of universe in wetland |
| CN116577481A (en) * | 2023-04-28 | 2023-08-11 | 安徽理工大学 | Coal mining subsidence four-water conversion physical monitoring device |
| CN116577481B (en) * | 2023-04-28 | 2024-04-09 | 安徽理工大学 | Coal mining subsidence four-water conversion physical monitoring device |
| CN116679032A (en) * | 2023-06-06 | 2023-09-01 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Device and method for measuring soil evaporation range under influence of ground cracks |
| CN116679032B (en) * | 2023-06-06 | 2024-01-19 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Device and method for measuring soil evaporation range under influence of ground cracks |
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