CN108208693A - 一种红酸汤的加工方法 - Google Patents
一种红酸汤的加工方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及属于食品加工技术领域,特别涉及一种红酸汤的加工方法,步骤包括:选料、浸泡、一次粉碎、一次发酵、二次粉碎、二次发酵、调质和提香;所得的红酸汤营养丰富,具有生津止渴、开胃健脾的功能。不仅清凉爽口,风味独特,其酸汤中的乳酸可以调节动物和人体肠道微生态平衡,对机体的健康十分有益,包括抑制肠道中腐败菌的生长和减弱腐败菌在肠道的产毒作用,并有帮助消化,防止便秘,防止细胞老化,降低胆固醉,抗肿瘤以及调节人体生理机能等保健和医疗作用,具有不可忽视的营养保健功效,红酸汤质量稳定性强,长期保存中汤汁不易出现沉淀、浑浊等现象,且辣椒素含量稳定。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及属于食品加工技术领域,特别涉及一种红酸汤的加工方法。
背景技术
酸汤是贵州地区的人们所喜爱的传统食品,红酸汤具有色泽鲜红、气味醇香、口感酸甜等特点,能增进胃酸,清涤肠胃油腻,散寒消胀,具有生津止渴、开胃健脾的功能,酸汤中的有益菌群及丰富的营养成分对调整人体肠道微生态平衡,增进人体健康及预防消化道疾病等保健功效。
目前,红酸汤以酸辣椒(糟辣椒)用植物油炒至见红油,再加入新鲜番茄炒香出色加汤熬制后去渣,调制而成,其中红酸汤中含有生物活性植物化学成分之一的辣椒碱,具有镇痛、减肥、抗瘙痒、抗炎、抗细胞凋亡、抗癌、抗氧化、促进食欲、保护神经、降低血管相关疾病的风险等作用、预防和促进胃溃疡愈合,但在酸汤的制备工艺中,大部门企业靠民间口口相传的经验,缺乏对发酵温度、发酵时间、发酵菌群、材料处理等系统的研究,常导致发酵周期长、酸汤腐败、营养成分低等现象,因此,提供一种辣椒提取率高、生产周期短的高品质红酸汤的加工方法成为亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明为解决上述技术问题,本发明创造选用红辣椒为原材料制作酸汤,提供了一种红酸汤的加工方法。
具体是通过以下技术方案来实现的:
一种红酸汤的加工方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)选料:选择具有肉质较薄、色泽深红,外形粗长,油分重,含水量低,辣而不烈,香味有余的辣椒;
(2)浸泡:将辣椒去杂、去柄、清洗后,加入至食盐水中浸泡,然后搅拌至洁净,捞出沥干;
(3)一次粉碎:将沥干的辣椒进粉碎至粒径为0.2-0.4cm;
(4)一次发酵:将粉碎的辣椒与食盐、酒混合均匀后,经无氧发酵,得糟辣椒;
(5)二次粉碎:将糟辣椒粉碎至粒度为50-70目;
(6)二次发酵:将粉碎的糟辣椒进行无氧发酵;
(7)调质和提香。
进一步地,所述的食盐水,其用量为辣椒(以干重计)重量的2-3倍。
进一步地,所述的食盐水,其含盐量为0.2-0.25%;优选0.23%。
进一步地,所述的一次发酵中所用的酒为白酒、果酒、啤酒中任意一种或几种的混合物。
进一步地,所述的一次发酵中所用的酒,其温度为40-50℃;优选45℃。
进一步地,所述的一次发酵中食盐用量按照辣椒与食盐的质量比为(12-13):1的比例进行加入;优选12.5:1。
进一步地,所述的一次发酵中酒用量按照来叫与酒的质量比为(98-101):3的比例进行加入;优选100:3。
本发明创造还可以在一次或二次粉碎过程中加入辣椒(以干重计)质量0.02-0.04%的羧甲基纤维素钠。
本发明创造还可以在二次粉碎结束后将糟辣椒与黄原胶/聚赖氨酸/茶多酚/黄原胶复合胶囊进行混合,并紫外光照射5s后,除去黄原胶/聚赖氨酸/茶多酚/黄原胶复合胶囊。
本发明创造还可以在一次发酵过程中加入辣椒(以干重计)质量0.05-0.06%的绿原酸。
本发明创造还可以在二次发酵过程中接入辣椒(以干重计)质量0.002-0.004‰的复合菌种。
所述的复合菌种为耐热凝结芽孢杆菌、菊糖芽孢乳杆菌、酵母菌按质量比为(7-9):1:(2-4)。
综上所述,本发明的有益效果在于:本发明创造所得的红酸汤营养丰富,富含VB、VC、Ca、P、Fe、胡萝卜素、辣椒素、纤维素和蛋白质等丰富的营养成分,酸汤中富含酸类和乳酸菌、醋酸菌、酵母菌及大量人体必须氨基酸和多种维生素,具有生津止渴、开胃健脾的功能。不仅清凉爽口,风味独特,其酸汤中的乳酸可以调节动物和人体肠道微生态平衡,对机体的健康十分有益,包括抑制肠道中腐败菌的生长和减弱腐败菌在肠道的产毒作用,并有帮助消化,防止便秘,防止细胞老化,降低胆固醉,抗肿瘤以及调节人体生理机能等保健和医疗作用,具有不可忽视的营养保健功效。本发明创造所得的红酸汤质量稳定性强,长期保存中汤汁不易出现沉淀、浑浊等现象,且辣椒素含量稳定。
首先,本发明创造通过对鲜辣椒浸泡、粉碎,以便于第一次发酵,充分利用辣椒自身附着的微生物和可溶性养分进行协同发酵,使得发酵物不分解纤维素、不水解蛋白质和氨基酸、不破坏植物细胞组织,还能产生大量乳酸,既能防腐又能改善产品风味;其次,第二次粉碎有助于第二次发酵,充分产生有机酸、过氧化氢和细菌素等物质,有效抑制腐败微生物及其他厌氧微生物的生长、繁殖,同时伴随乙醇、乙醛、甘露醇等风味物质产生,既促进辣椒碱的提取,又促进乳酸生成,进一步降低pH值和抑制有害杂菌;本发明创造通过工艺步骤地合理设置和工艺参数地科学控制,使得有机酸良好地协调了辣椒碱中的辛辣味,表现出酸味醇厚、回味酸甜及清香适口的口感品质。
本发明创造还通过利用羧甲基纤维素钠,改善了蛋白质、辣椒碱等营养成分提取率,同时提高维生素等成分的稳定性;还通过绿原酸或复合菌种的促进、协同作用,改善了微生物的发酵效果,促进有机酸生成;还通过利用黄原胶/聚赖氨酸/茶多酚/黄原胶复合胶囊对腐败微生物进行吸附,同时利用黄原胶/聚赖氨酸/茶多酚/黄原胶复合胶囊的吸光性,充分吸收紫外光进行杀菌,达到降低腐败微生物的目的,同时又保护有益菌群免遭紫外影响。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明,但本发明并不局限于这些实施方式,任何在本实施例基本精神上的改进或代替,仍属于本发明权利要求所要求保护的范围。
实施例1
本实施例提供的红酸汤的加工方法,步骤包括:
步骤1:选料:
选择具有肉质较薄、色泽深红,外形粗长,油分重,含水量低,辣而不烈,香味有余的辣椒;
步骤2:浸泡
将辣椒去杂、去柄、清洗后,加入至食盐水中浸泡,然后搅拌至洁净,捞出沥干;
步骤3:一次粉碎
将沥干的辣椒进粉碎至粒径为0.3cm;
步骤4:一次发酵
将粉碎的辣椒与食盐、酒混合均匀后,经无氧发酵,得糟辣椒;
步骤5:二次粉碎
将糟辣椒粉碎至粒度为60目;
步骤6:二次发酵
将粉碎的糟辣椒进行无氧发酵;
步骤7:调质和提香;
所述的食盐水,其含盐量为0.23%;
所述的一次发酵中所用的酒为白酒
所述的一次发酵中食盐用量按照辣椒与食盐的质量比为12.5:1的比例进行加入;
所述的一次发酵中酒用量按照来叫与酒的质量比为100:3的比例进行加入。
实施例2
本实施例提供的红酸汤的加工方法,步骤包括:
步骤1:选料:
选择具有肉质较薄、色泽深红,外形粗长,油分重,含水量低,辣而不烈,香味有余的辣椒;
步骤2:浸泡
将辣椒去杂、去柄、清洗后,加入至食盐水中浸泡,然后搅拌至洁净,捞出沥干;
步骤3:一次粉碎
将沥干的辣椒进粉碎至粒径为0.2cm;
步骤4:一次发酵
将粉碎的辣椒与食盐、酒混合均匀后,经无氧发酵,得糟辣椒;
步骤5:二次粉碎
将糟辣椒粉碎至粒度为70目;
步骤6:二次发酵
将粉碎的糟辣椒进行无氧发酵;
步骤7:调质和提香;
所述的食盐水,其含盐量为0.2%;
所述的一次发酵中所用的酒为果酒;
所述的一次发酵中所用的酒,其温度为40;
所述的一次发酵中食盐用量按照辣椒与食盐的质量比为12:1的比例进行加入;
所述的一次发酵中酒用量按照来叫与酒的质量比为98:3的比例进行加入。
实施例3
本实施例提供的红酸汤的加工方法,步骤包括:
步骤1:选料:
选择具有肉质较薄、色泽深红,外形粗长,油分重,含水量低,辣而不烈,香味有余的辣椒;
步骤2:浸泡
将辣椒去杂、去柄、清洗后,加入至食盐水中浸泡,然后搅拌至洁净,捞出沥干;
步骤3:一次粉碎
将沥干的辣椒进粉碎至粒径为0.4cm;
步骤4:一次发酵
将粉碎的辣椒与食盐、酒混合均匀后,经无氧发酵,得糟辣椒;
步骤5:二次粉碎
将糟辣椒粉碎至粒度为70目;
步骤6:二次发酵
将粉碎的糟辣椒进行无氧发酵;
步骤7:调质和提香;
所述的食盐水,其含盐量为0.25%;
所述的一次发酵中所用的酒为啤酒;
所述的一次发酵中所用的酒,其温度为50℃;
所述的一次发酵中食盐用量按照辣椒与食盐的质量比为13:1的比例进行加入;
所述的一次发酵中酒用量按照来叫与酒的质量比为101:3的比例进行加入。
实施例4
本实施例提供的红酸汤的加工方法,步骤包括:
步骤1:选料:
选择具有肉质较薄、色泽深红,外形粗长,油分重,含水量低,辣而不烈,香味有余的辣椒;
步骤2:浸泡
将辣椒去杂、去柄、清洗后,加入至食盐水中浸泡,然后搅拌至洁净,捞出沥干;
步骤3:一次粉碎
将沥干的辣椒进粉碎至粒径为0.3cm;
步骤4:一次发酵
将粉碎的辣椒与食盐、酒混合均匀后,经无氧发酵,得糟辣椒;
步骤5:二次粉碎
将糟辣椒粉碎至粒度为60目;
步骤6:二次发酵
将粉碎的糟辣椒进行无氧发酵;
步骤7:调质和提香;
所述的食盐水,其含盐量为0.23%;
所述的一次发酵中所用的酒为白酒、果酒、啤酒的混合物;
所述的一次发酵中所用的酒,其温度为45℃;
所述的一次发酵中食盐用量按照辣椒与食盐的质量比为12.5:1的比例进行加入;
所述的一次发酵中酒用量按照来叫与酒的质量比为100:3的比例进行加入。
实施例5
本实施例提供的红酸汤的加工方法,步骤包括:
步骤1:选料:
选择具有肉质较薄、色泽深红,外形粗长,油分重,含水量低,辣而不烈,香味有余的辣椒;
步骤2:浸泡
将辣椒去杂、去柄、清洗后,加入至食盐水中浸泡,然后搅拌至洁净,捞出沥干;
步骤3:一次粉碎
将沥干的辣椒进粉碎至粒径为0.3cm;
步骤4:一次发酵
将粉碎的辣椒与食盐、酒混合均匀后,经无氧发酵,得糟辣椒;
步骤5:二次粉碎
将糟辣椒粉碎至粒度为50目;
步骤6:二次发酵
将粉碎的糟辣椒进行无氧发酵;
步骤7:调质和提香;
所述的食盐水,其含盐量为0.24%;
所述的一次发酵中所用的酒为果酒、啤酒的混合物;
所述的一次发酵中所用的酒,其温度为48℃;
所述的一次发酵中食盐用量按照辣椒与食盐的质量比为12.5:1的比例进行加入;
所述的一次发酵中酒用量按照来叫与酒的质量比为33:1的比例进行加入。
实施例6
在实施例1的基础上,在在一次或二次粉碎过程中加入辣椒(以干重计)质量0.02%的羧甲基纤维素钠。
实施例7
在实施例1的基础上,在在一次或二次粉碎过程中加入辣椒(以干重计)质量0.03%的羧甲基纤维素钠。
实施例8
在实施例1的基础上,在在一次或二次粉碎过程中加入辣椒(以干重计)质量0.04%的羧甲基纤维素钠。
实施例9
在实施例1的基础上,二次粉碎结束后将糟辣椒与黄原胶/聚赖氨酸/茶多酚/黄原胶复合胶囊进行混合,并紫外光照射5s后,除去黄原胶/聚赖氨酸/茶多酚/黄原胶复合胶囊。
实施例10
在实施例1的基础上,在一次发酵过程中加入辣椒(以干重计)质量0.055%的绿原酸。
实施例11
在实施例3的基础上,在一次发酵过程中加入辣椒(以干重计)质量0.055%的绿原酸。
实施例12
在实施例1的基础上,在一次发酵过程中加入辣椒(以干重计)质量0.05%的绿原酸。
实施例13
在实施例1的基础上,在一次发酵过程中加入辣椒(以干重计)质量0.06%的绿原酸。
实施例14
在实施例1的基础上,在二次发酵过程中接入辣椒(以干重计)质量0.003‰的复合菌种;所述的复合菌种为耐热凝结芽孢杆菌、菊糖芽孢乳杆菌、酵母菌按质量比为8:1:3。
实施例15
在实施例1的基础上,在二次发酵过程中接入辣椒(以干重计)质量0.002‰的复合菌种;所述的复合菌种为耐热凝结芽孢杆菌、菊糖芽孢乳杆菌、酵母菌按质量比为8:1:3。
实施例16
在实施例1的基础上,在二次发酵过程中接入辣椒(以干重计)质量0.004‰的复合菌种;所述的复合菌种为耐热凝结芽孢杆菌、菊糖芽孢乳杆菌、酵母菌按质量比为9:1:2。
试验例
辣椒碱稳定性试验
实验组:实施例1、实施例2、实施例5、实施例6、实施例8、实施例9、试验例14制得的酸汤
实验方法:实验前用传统方法测定的辣椒碱含量,将酸汤冷藏6个月后,用传统方法测定的辣椒碱含量,冷藏前后含量数据如表1:
表1:
组别 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例5 | 实施例6 | 实施例8 | 实施例9 | 试验例14 |
冷藏前(ug/g) | 635.7 | 627.2 | 630.8 | 646.8 | 653.1 | 648.9 | 645.7 |
冷藏后(ug/g) | 616.9 | 608.2 | 603.4 | 623.8 | 631.9 | 633.6 | 639.7 |
Claims (10)
1.一种红酸汤的加工方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)选料:选择具有肉质较薄、色泽深红,外形粗长,油分重,含水量低,辣而不烈,香味有余的辣椒;
(2)浸泡:将辣椒去杂、去柄、清洗后,加入至食盐水中浸泡,然后搅拌至洁净,捞出沥干;
(3)一次粉碎:将沥干的辣椒进粉碎至粒径为0.2-0.4cm;
(4)一次发酵:将粉碎的辣椒与食盐、酒混合均匀后,经无氧发酵,得糟辣椒;
(5)二次粉碎:将糟辣椒粉碎至粒度为50-70目;
(6)二次发酵:将粉碎的糟辣椒进行无氧发酵;
(7)调质和提香。
2.如权利要求1所述的红酸汤的加工方法,其特征在于,所述的食盐水,其用量为辣椒(以干重计)重量的2-3倍。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的红酸汤的加工方法,其特征在于,所述的食盐水,其含盐量为0.2-0.25%。
4.如权利要求3所述的红酸汤的加工方法,其特征在于,所述的食盐水,其含盐量为0.23%。
5.如权利要求1所述的红酸汤的加工方法,其特征在于,所述的一次发酵中所用的酒为白酒、果酒、啤酒中任意一种或几种的混合物。
6.如权利要求1所述的红酸汤的加工方法,其特征在于,所述的一次发酵中所用的酒,其温度为40-50℃。
7.如权利要求要求1或6所述的红酸汤的加工方法,其特征在于,所述的一次发酵中所用的酒,其温度为45℃。
8.如权利要求1所述的红酸汤的加工方法,其特征在于,所述的一次发酵中食盐用量按照辣椒与食盐的质量比为(12-13):1的比例进行加入。
9.如权利要求1或8所述的红酸汤的加工方法,其特征在于,所述的一次发酵中食盐用量按照辣椒与食盐的质量比为12.5:1的比例进行加入。
10.如权利要求1所述的红酸汤的加工方法,其特征在于,所述的一次发酵中酒用量按照来叫与酒的质量比为(98-101):3的比例进行加入。
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