CN108184834A - 一种餐具消毒剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种餐具消毒剂的制备方法,属于消毒剂领域。本发明以壳聚糖为原料制备一种可食性膜,且壳聚糖还具有吸附性、抗菌性,其能够对三种组份进行有效的吸附,并能在成膜的同时进行缓慢释放,从而能够延长餐具抗菌的期限,同时由于壳聚糖的抗菌性,可食性膜也是一种抗菌膜,与多酚类物质结合使用,从而进一步增强餐具消毒剂的消毒性能,加上由于挥发油成分中还具有清香气味,通过壳聚糖的包裹释放,从而也能使餐具具有清香气味,使人心情愉悦。本发明解决了目前消毒剂大多数使用的是化学制剂,虽然有很好的杀菌效果,其应用于餐具消毒,如冲洗不干净易对人体造成危害的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于消毒剂领域,具体涉及一种餐具消毒剂的制备方法。
背景技术
消毒剂用于杀灭传播媒介上病原微生物,使其达到无害化要求,将病原微生物消灭于人体之外,切断传染病的传播途径,达到控制传染病的目的。病原微生物和条件致病性微生物可以经食品、水等造成肠道重大传染病、特别是食物中毒的爆发流行,尤以夏、春、秋季温度较高的季节常见。致病微生物可污染餐具,经食物交叉污染造成食物中毒发生;由于风味的原因,以水产品等为主的冷鲜食品加工不能采用彻底加热的方法进行,由于加热消毒不彻底造成的食物中毒、副霍乱等每年全球都有大量的病例报道。有效控制肠道传染病爆发流行的主要技术手段之一是食物、餐具的消毒。
碗、筷、碟、勺等餐具是家庭生活的日常必需用品,大量调查资料表明,从这些餐具上常可检测出各种致病微生物。病原微生物和条件致病性微生物可以经食品、水等造成肠道重大传染病、特别是食物中毒的爆发流行,尤以夏、春、秋季温度较高的季节常见。致病微生物可污染餐具,经食物交叉污染造成食物中毒发生。如果在日常生活中,不经常进行彻底地清洗和消毒,那么这些餐具就可能成为传播如甲型肝炎、痢疾、伤寒、结核病及食物中毒等疾病的媒介。特别是餐厅、酒店中接持各种各样的人,如果有人得了上述各种传染病后,由于消毒不彻底共用餐具从而引起这些肠道传染病在家庭中相互传播。因此,作好无论在家庭中常用餐具还是餐厅、酒店中的日常消毒,都是非常重要的。
目前,市场上的餐具消毒剂品种很多,大多数使用的是化学制剂,虽然有很好的杀菌效果,但是化学消毒剂是不可食用的,其应用于餐具消毒,如冲洗不干净易对人体造成危害,因此开发研究绿色环保、无毒的餐具消毒剂是一件迫不及待的事情。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题:针对目前消毒剂大多数使用的是化学制剂,虽然有很好的杀菌效果,其应用于餐具消毒,如冲洗不干净易对人体造成危害的问题,提供一种餐具消毒剂的制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用如下所述的技术方案是:
一种餐具消毒剂的制备方法,该制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)按质量比7~8:2~3:0.01~0.02,将可溶性淀粉、十二醇、催化剂进行混合,在温度110~120℃下搅拌,保温,调节pH值至8~9,待冷却至室温,过滤,得滤渣,按质量比1:3~4,将滤渣、双氧水进行混合脱色,过滤,得脱色物,将脱色物用乙醇洗涤2~3次,在温度50~60℃下烘干,得烘干物,备用;
(2)将芦柑皮在温度60~70℃烘干,粉碎,过筛,得过筛物,按质量比1:5~6,将过筛物、石油醚进行混合脱脂,过滤,分离滤液、脱脂物,按质量比1:10~15,将脱脂物、乙醇溶液进行混合,回流提取,得提取液;
(3)按质量比1:0.8,将滤液、提取液进行合并,减压浓缩,离心,取上清液,将上清液进行冷冻干燥,得干燥物,按质量比10~15:5~6,将步骤(1)备用的烘干物、干燥物、萃取液进行混合,搅拌均匀,得搅拌混合物;
(4)按质量比1:0.8,将葛根素、固相试剂进行混合,置于球磨机中球磨,过筛,得过筛物a,按质量比1:0.5:10~15,将搅拌混合物、过筛物a、水进行混合,并搅拌均匀,得搅拌混合液;
(5)按重量分数计,取30~40份乙醇溶液、10~15份乙酸溶液、5~6份搅拌混合液、3~4份壳聚糖、1~2份丙二醇、1~2份吐温80,将壳聚糖、乙酸溶液进行混合,在温度25~30℃下搅拌,加入丙二醇、吐温80,搅拌混合,加入搅拌混合液,搅拌混合,在搅拌条件下加入乙醇溶液,搅拌均匀,即得消毒剂。
所述步骤(1)中催化剂是氧化铝。
所述步骤(3)中萃取液是将橙皮进行粉碎,得粉碎物,按质量比1:7~8,将粉碎物、石油醚进行混合,在温度60~70℃,25~30r/min条件下进行萃取25~30min,即得萃取液。
所述步骤(4)中固相试剂是碳酸钙、碳酸氢钙、碳酸锌其中的任意一种。
本发明与其他方法相比,有益技术效果是:
(1)本发明餐具消毒剂主要包含三种组份,其中一是以可溶性淀粉原料制备一种柔性非离子表面活性剂,其具有较低的表界面张力,去污力和配伍性好,且无毒、无刺激,二是从芦柑皮中一种多酚类物质,能够通过破坏细胞壁及细胞膜的完整性,导致微生物细胞释放胞内成分而引起膜的电子传递、营养吸收、核苷酸合成及活性等功能障碍,从而抑制微生物的生长,三是通过橙皮制备的挥发油成分,其中具有与油污的物质中和的成分,从而使餐具消毒剂在消毒杀菌的同时,还有清洁、去油污的功效,同时利用葛根素制备分散剂,使三种组分以超微细晶体均匀分散于固相载体中,并与其以氢键、范德华力等互相作用,提高溶解度、利用度,从而进一步提高餐具消毒剂的使用效果。
(2)本发明以壳聚糖为原料制备一种可食性膜,且壳聚糖还具有吸附性、抗菌性,其能够对三种组份进行有效的吸附,并能在成膜的同时进行缓慢释放,从而能够延长餐具抗菌的期限,同时由于壳聚糖的抗菌性,可食性膜也是一种抗菌膜,与多酚类物质结合使用,从而进一步增强餐具消毒剂的消毒性能,加上由于挥发油成分中还具有清香气味,通过壳聚糖的包裹释放,从而也能使餐具具有清香气味,使人心情愉悦,因此本发明餐具消毒剂不仅具有去污、去油、消毒的功效,且原料都安全、无毒、无刺激,不会对人体造成伤害。
具体实施方式
催化剂是氧化铝。
萃取液是将橙皮进行粉碎,得粉碎物,按质量比1:7~8,将粉碎物、石油醚进行混合,在温度60~70℃,25~30r/min条件下进行萃取25~30min,即得萃取液。
固相试剂是碳酸钙、碳酸氢钙、碳酸锌其中的任意一种。
一种餐具消毒剂的制备方法,该制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)按质量比7~8:2~3:0.01~0.02,将可溶性淀粉、十二醇、催化剂进行混合,在温度110~120℃,200~300r/min下搅拌1~2h,在真空度0.01~0.03MPa下保温1~2h,调节pH值至8~9,待冷却至室温,过滤,得滤渣,按质量比1:3~4,将滤渣、双氧水进行混合脱色1~2h,过滤,得脱色物,将脱色物用乙醇洗涤2~3次,在温度50~60℃下烘干,得烘干物,备用;
(2)将芦柑皮在温度60~70℃烘干,粉碎,过30~40目筛,得过筛物,按质量比1:5~6,将过筛物、石油醚进行混合脱脂,过滤,分离滤液、脱脂物,按质量比1:10~15,将脱脂物、乙醇溶液进行混合,在温度70~80℃下回流提取1~2h,得提取液;
(3)按质量比1:0.8,将滤液、提取液进行合并,减压浓缩,以7000~8000 r/min离心25~30 min,取上清液,将上清液进行冷冻干燥,得干燥物,按质量比10~15:5~6,将步骤(1)备用的烘干物、干燥物、萃取液进行混合,搅拌均匀,得搅拌混合物;
(4)按质量比1:0.8,将葛根素、固相试剂进行混合,置于球磨机中球磨,过100~120目筛,得过筛物a,按质量比1:0.5:10~15,将搅拌混合物、过筛物a、水进行混合,并以300~400r/min搅拌均匀,得搅拌混合液;
(5)按重量分数计,取30~40份乙醇溶液、10~15份乙酸溶液、5~6份搅拌混合液、3~4份壳聚糖、1~2份丙二醇、1~2份吐温80,将壳聚糖、乙酸溶液进行混合,在温度25~30℃,200~300r/min条件下搅拌3~4h,加入丙二醇、吐温80,搅拌混合25~30min,加入搅拌混合液,搅拌混合25~30min,再以300~400r/min搅拌速率下加入乙醇溶液,搅拌均匀,即得消毒剂。
实施例1
催化剂是氧化铝。
萃取液是将橙皮进行粉碎,得粉碎物,按质量比1:7,将粉碎物、石油醚进行混合,在温度60℃,25r/min条件下进行萃取25min,即得萃取液。
固相试剂是碳酸钙。
一种餐具消毒剂的制备方法,该制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)按质量比7:2:0.01,将可溶性淀粉、十二醇、催化剂进行混合,在温度110℃,200r/min下搅拌1h,在真空度0.01MPa下保温1h,调节pH值至8,待冷却至室温,过滤,得滤渣,按质量比1:3,将滤渣、双氧水进行混合脱色1h,过滤,得脱色物,将脱色物用乙醇洗涤2次,在温度50℃下烘干,得烘干物,备用;
(2)将芦柑皮在温度60℃烘干,粉碎,过30目筛,得过筛物,按质量比1:5,将过筛物、石油醚进行混合脱脂,过滤,分离滤液、脱脂物,按质量比1:10,将脱脂物、乙醇溶液进行混合,在温度70℃下回流提取1h,得提取液;
(3)按质量比1:0.8,将滤液、提取液进行合并,减压浓缩,以7000r/min离心25min,取上清液,将上清液进行冷冻干燥,得干燥物,按质量比10:5,将步骤(1)备用的烘干物、干燥物、萃取液进行混合,搅拌均匀,得搅拌混合物;
(4)按质量比1:0.8,将葛根素、固相试剂进行混合,置于球磨机中球磨,过100目筛,得过筛物a,按质量比1:0.5:10,将搅拌混合物、过筛物a、水进行混合,并以300r/min搅拌均匀,得搅拌混合液;
(5)按重量分数计,取30份乙醇溶液、10份乙酸溶液、5份搅拌混合液、3份壳聚糖、1份丙二醇、1份吐温80,将壳聚糖、乙酸溶液进行混合,在温度25℃,200r/min条件下搅拌3h,加入丙二醇、吐温80,搅拌混合25min,加入搅拌混合液,搅拌混合25min,再以300r/min搅拌速率下加入乙醇溶液,搅拌均匀,即得消毒剂。
实施例2
催化剂是氧化铝。
萃取液是将橙皮进行粉碎,得粉碎物,按质量比1:8,将粉碎物、石油醚进行混合,在温度70℃,30r/min条件下进行萃取30min,即得萃取液。
固相试剂是碳酸氢钙。
一种餐具消毒剂的制备方法,该制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)按质量比8:3:0.02,将可溶性淀粉、十二醇、催化剂进行混合,在温度120℃,300r/min下搅拌2h,在真空度0.03MPa下保温2h,调节pH值至9,待冷却至室温,过滤,得滤渣,按质量比1:4,将滤渣、双氧水进行混合脱色2h,过滤,得脱色物,将脱色物用乙醇洗涤3次,在温度60℃下烘干,得烘干物,备用;
(2)将芦柑皮在温度70℃烘干,粉碎,过40目筛,得过筛物,按质量比1:6,将过筛物、石油醚进行混合脱脂,过滤,分离滤液、脱脂物,按质量比1:15,将脱脂物、乙醇溶液进行混合,在温度80℃下回流提取2h,得提取液;
(3)按质量比1:0.8,将滤液、提取液进行合并,减压浓缩,以8000r/min离心30min,取上清液,将上清液进行冷冻干燥,得干燥物,按质量比15:6,将步骤(1)备用的烘干物、干燥物、萃取液进行混合,搅拌均匀,得搅拌混合物;
(4)按质量比1:0.8,将葛根素、固相试剂进行混合,置于球磨机中球磨,过120目筛,得过筛物a,按质量比1:0.5:15,将搅拌混合物、过筛物a、水进行混合,并以400r/min搅拌均匀,得搅拌混合液;
(5)按重量分数计,取40份乙醇溶液、15份乙酸溶液、6份搅拌混合液、4份壳聚糖、2份丙二醇、2份吐温80,将壳聚糖、乙酸溶液进行混合,在温度30℃,300r/min条件下搅拌4h,加入丙二醇、吐温80,搅拌混合30min,加入搅拌混合液,搅拌混合30min,再以400r/min搅拌速率下加入乙醇溶液,搅拌均匀,即得消毒剂。
实施例3
催化剂是氧化铝。
萃取液是将橙皮进行粉碎,得粉碎物,按质量比1:7.5,将粉碎物、石油醚进行混合,在温度65℃,27.5r/min条件下进行萃取27.5min,即得萃取液。
固相试剂是碳酸锌。
一种餐具消毒剂的制备方法,该制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)按质量比7.5:2.5:0.015,将可溶性淀粉、十二醇、催化剂进行混合,在温度115℃,250r/min下搅拌1.5h,在真空度0.02MPa下保温1.5h,调节pH值至8.5,待冷却至室温,过滤,得滤渣,按质量比1:3.5,将滤渣、双氧水进行混合脱色1.5h,过滤,得脱色物,将脱色物用乙醇洗涤2次,在温度55℃下烘干,得烘干物,备用;
(2)将芦柑皮在温度65℃烘干,粉碎,过35目筛,得过筛物,按质量比1:5.5,将过筛物、石油醚进行混合脱脂,过滤,分离滤液、脱脂物,按质量比1:12.5,将脱脂物、乙醇溶液进行混合,在温度75℃下回流提取1.5h,得提取液;
(3)按质量比1:0.8,将滤液、提取液进行合并,减压浓缩,以7500r/min离心27.5min,取上清液,将上清液进行冷冻干燥,得干燥物,按质量比12.5:5.5,将步骤(1)备用的烘干物、干燥物、萃取液进行混合,搅拌均匀,得搅拌混合物;
(4)按质量比1:0.8,将葛根素、固相试剂进行混合,置于球磨机中球磨,过110目筛,得过筛物a,按质量比1:0.5:12.5,将搅拌混合物、过筛物a、水进行混合,并以350r/min搅拌均匀,得搅拌混合液;
(5)按重量分数计,取35份乙醇溶液、12.5份乙酸溶液、5.5份搅拌混合液、3.5份壳聚糖、1.5份丙二醇、1.5份吐温80,将壳聚糖、乙酸溶液进行混合,在温度27℃,250r/min条件下搅拌3.5h,加入丙二醇、吐温80,搅拌混合27.5min,加入搅拌混合液,搅拌混合27.5min,再以350r/min搅拌速率下加入乙醇溶液,搅拌均匀,即得消毒剂。
对比例:天津市某公司生产的餐具消毒剂。
将制得的餐具消毒剂与水按体积比1:50混合均匀,得餐具消毒液,然后将餐具置于消毒液中,浸泡10min后测试杀菌率,测试结果见表1。
表1:
安全性测试:将上述实施例所制备得到的餐具消毒剂以0.1mg/10g的剂量给小白鼠灌胃,每天灌胃一次,20天后小白鼠活动正常,进食正常,说明本产品无毒。
综合上述,本发明的餐具消毒剂值得大力推广使用。
Claims (4)
1.一种餐具消毒剂的制备方法,其特征在于,该制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)按质量比7~8:2~3:0.01~0.02,将可溶性淀粉、十二醇、催化剂进行混合,在温度110~120℃下搅拌,保温,调节pH值至8~9,待冷却至室温,过滤,得滤渣,按质量比1:3~4,将滤渣、双氧水进行混合脱色,过滤,得脱色物,将脱色物用乙醇洗涤2~3次,在温度50~60℃下烘干,得烘干物,备用;
(2)将芦柑皮在温度60~70℃烘干,粉碎,过筛,得过筛物,按质量比1:5~6,将过筛物、石油醚进行混合脱脂,过滤,分离滤液、脱脂物,按质量比1:10~15,将脱脂物、乙醇溶液进行混合,回流提取,得提取液;
(3)按质量比1:0.8,将滤液、提取液进行合并,减压浓缩,离心,取上清液,将上清液进行冷冻干燥,得干燥物,按质量比10~15:5~6,将步骤(1)备用的烘干物、干燥物、萃取液进行混合,搅拌均匀,得搅拌混合物;
(4)按质量比1:0.8,将葛根素、固相试剂进行混合,置于球磨机中球磨,过筛,得过筛物a,按质量比1:0.5:10~15,将搅拌混合物、过筛物a、水进行混合,并搅拌均匀,得搅拌混合液;
(5)按重量分数计,取30~40份乙醇溶液、10~15份乙酸溶液、5~6份搅拌混合液、3~4份壳聚糖、1~2份丙二醇、1~2份吐温80,将壳聚糖、乙酸溶液进行混合,在温度25~30℃下搅拌,加入丙二醇、吐温80,搅拌混合,加入搅拌混合液,搅拌混合,在搅拌条件下加入乙醇溶液,搅拌均匀,即得消毒剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述餐具消毒剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中催化剂是氧化铝。
3.根据权利要求1所述餐具消毒剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中萃取液是将橙皮进行粉碎,得粉碎物,按质量比1:7~8,将粉碎物、石油醚进行混合,在温度60~70℃,25~30r/min条件下进行萃取25~30min,即得萃取液。
4.根据权利要求1所述餐具消毒剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)中固相试剂是碳酸钙、碳酸氢钙、碳酸锌其中的任意一种。
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CN111418615A (zh) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-07-17 | 江苏天嘉生物科技有限公司 | 一种消毒剂的制备方法 |
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