CN108097224A - 一种苯酚吸附剂再生与苯酚无害化处理的方法 - Google Patents
一种苯酚吸附剂再生与苯酚无害化处理的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108097224A CN108097224A CN201810000410.4A CN201810000410A CN108097224A CN 108097224 A CN108097224 A CN 108097224A CN 201810000410 A CN201810000410 A CN 201810000410A CN 108097224 A CN108097224 A CN 108097224A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种苯酚吸附剂再生与苯酚无害化处理的方法,属于环保技术领域。本发明将水、已吸附苯酚的苯酚吸附剂、氧化剂和/或催化剂加入到高温高压反应釜中,密闭高温高压反应釜,然后进行升温加压至高温高压反应釜内的反应体系达到超临界状态,并反应0.1~60min,冷却至室温,收集气体产物和再生苯酚吸附剂,其中超临界状态的温度为380~600℃,压力为22.1~30Mpa。本发明中超临界水与苯酚互溶,在氧化剂过量时苯酚完全氧化,生成二氧化碳和水;在氧气不足和催化剂存在时苯酚发生氧化‑气化,生成氢气和一氧化碳等资源化气体;本发明苯酚吸附剂再生的同时实现苯酚的无害化及资源化,再生后的吸附剂可以全部或者部分替代新鲜吸附剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种苯酚吸附剂再生与苯酚无害化处理的方法,属于环保技术领域。
背景技术
酚是一种芳香族碳氢化合物的含氧衍生物,是一大类相似化合物的总称,包括苯酚、氨基酚、氯酚、硝基酚、间二苯酚以及其它酚类化合物等。酚类物质是工业废水中常见的难降解、毒性高的有机污染物,往往具有致癌、致畸和致突变特性,给生物和生态系统造成严重的威胁。在工业中,酚类是重要的化工原料和中间体,可用于制造酚醛树脂、高分子材料、离子交换树脂、合成纤维、燃料、药物等。与之对应的含酚废水主要来源于塑料厂、焦化厂、石油化工厂、染料厂、农药厂、树脂厂、苯酚厂等。酚类化合物早已被美国国家环保局列为129种优先监控污染物的名单之中。含酚废水也是我国水污染控制中的重点。我国GB3838-2002《地表水质量标准》中明确规定,Ⅰ、Ⅱ类水体挥发酚含量小于0.002mg/L,Ⅲ类水体含量小于0.005mg/L。
目前国内外对含酚废水处理技术的研究很多,主要有物化法,包括萃取法、吸附法、蒸汽法、还有盐析法等;化学法,包括化学沉淀法、化学氧化法、湿式催化氧化法、焚烧法和超临界水氧化法等;生化法,包括生物膜法、活性污泥法、根据活性污泥法原理产生的生物流化床法、厌氧法以及厌氧-好氧组合工艺等。
诸多方法中,吸附法具有简单、易用等优点,可以利用吸附剂的多孔性质将废水中的酚类物质吸附。常用的吸附剂如活性炭、碳纤维、膨润土、沸石、大孔树脂等。
中国专利CN104148028B中公开了一种去除水体中低浓度苯酚吸附剂的制备方法,稻壳经过酸碱处理、发霉、氯仿淋洗、H2O2灭菌、极性化合物改后,得到苯酚吸附剂。中国专利CN104045167A中公开了一种吸收苯酚废水的环保载体材料,吸收材料是丙烯酸酯、氢氧化铝、醇酸树脂、密胺树脂、高岭土、纳米硫酸钙、钛酸酯偶联剂、纳米银、马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、水泥灰水溶液和麦饭石的混合物。上述吸附剂,可以有效吸附苯酚,但吸附处理后,苯酚没能到有效的降解,有毒害隐患。
发明内容
针对现有技术中苯酚吸附剂再生和苯酚无害化处理的问题,本发明提供一种苯酚吸附剂再生与苯酚无害化处理的方法,本发明中在苯酚吸附剂再生的过程中,酚类物质在超临界水中完全氧化,生成CO2和H2O,实现处理过程的无害化;而在催化条件下,酚类物质超临界水中部分氧化气化,生成H2、CH4和CO等,实现处理过程的资源化。
一种苯酚吸附剂再生与苯酚无害化处理的方法,具体步骤如下:
将水、已吸附苯酚的苯酚吸附剂、氧化剂和/或催化剂加入到高温高压反应釜中,密闭高温高压反应釜,然后进行升温加压至高温高压反应釜内的反应体系达到超临界状态,并反应0.1~60min,冷却至室温,收集气体产物和再生苯酚吸附剂,其中超临界状态的温度为380~600℃,压力为22.1~30MPa。
所述吸附剂为碳材料、活性三氧化二铝或分子筛,碳材料为活性炭、碳纳米管或活性炭纤维,分子筛为13X分子筛、ZSM-5分子筛、TS-1分子筛、ZSM-35分子筛或ZSM-22。
所述氧化剂与苯酚的摩尔比率为(0~20):1,氧化剂为双氧水、过氧化钠、过氧碳酸钠、过氧化钾、过氧碳酸钾或氧化性气体,氧化性气体为O2和/或O3;
所述氧化剂过氧化钠与水可发生反应,Na2O2+H2O=2NaOH+H2O2,所述氧化剂过氧化钾与水可发生反应,K2O2+H2O=2KOH+H2O2,氧化剂过氧碳酸钠与水可发生反应,Na2CO4+H2O=Na2CO3+H2O2;氧化剂过氧碳酸钾与水可发生反应,K2CO4+H2O= K2CO3+H2O2;
所述催化剂与苯酚的质量比为(0.05~1):1,催化剂为碱金属的氢氧化物、碱金属的碳酸盐、碱金属的碳酸氢盐、过渡金属与贵金属的合金、过渡金属的合金、贵金属的合金中的一种或任意比多种。
所述碱金属的氢氧化物为NaOH或KOH,碱金属的碳酸盐为Na2CO3、NaHCO3、K2CO3或KHCO3,过渡金属为Zn、Co、Ni或Cu,贵金属为Pd、Pt或Ru。
所述高温高压反应釜为间歇式反应釜或连续式反应釜。
所述氧化剂(以氧元素计算)与苯酚的摩尔比为(1~7.5):1,酚类物质超临界水中部分氧化气化,生成H2、CH4等,实现处理过程的资源化;
所述氧化剂(以氧元素计算)与苯酚的摩尔比为(7.5~15):1,酚类物质在超临界水中完全氧化,生成CO2和H2O,实现处理过程的无害化。
本发明的原理为:
(1)水处于超临界状态时,可溶解有机物,消除相间传质阻力,能够快速的将苯酚从吸附剂上脱附;
(2)超临界水有强烈的水解作用,并且可与气体互溶,当气体为氧化性气体时,如氧气,可发生强烈的水解-氧化作用,从而氧化苯酚生成二氧化碳、水和氢气等;
(3)1mol苯酚完全氧化的理论需氧量为7.5mol,当供氧量超过理论需氧量并发生完全氧化时,生成二氧化碳和水,当供氧量不足时,发生部分氧化气化生成氢气和一氧化碳,生成资源化气体进行回收利用。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)本发明的超临界水中存在过量氧化剂时,苯酚可完全氧化分解苯酚,生成水和二氧化碳,无二次污染;
(2)本发明中存在非过量氧化剂和/或催化剂时,苯酚发生部分氧化,生成氢气和一氧化碳,生成资源化气体进行回收利用;
(3)本发明中氧化性气体可与超临界水互溶,提高利用率,有益于降低工艺成本;
(4)本发明的操作简单,再生时间短,效率高,有利于降低能耗。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细说明,但本发明的保护范围并不限于所述内容。
实施例1:一种苯酚吸附剂再生与苯酚无害化处理的方法,具体步骤如下:
将水、已吸附苯酚的苯酚吸附剂(活性炭)、氧化剂(H2O2)和催化剂(NaOH)加入到高温高压反应釜中,密闭高温高压反应釜,然后进行升温加压至高温高压反应釜内的反应体系达到超临界状态,即温度为380℃,压力为22.1Mpa,并反应1min,冷却至室温,打开气体输出阀门,收集气体产物,拆开反应釜,收集再生苯酚吸附剂(活性炭);其中苯酚吸附剂(活性炭)与水的质量比为1:5.5,苯酚与活性炭的质量比为24:100,氧化剂(H2O2)与苯酚的摩尔比为1:1,催化剂(NaOH)与苯酚的质量比为0.05:1;
本实施例中苯酚吸附剂(活性炭)的再生产率为97.7,再生苯酚吸附剂(活性炭)对苯酚的吸附容量为原苯酚吸附剂(活性炭)的90%,以体积百分数计,气体产物中CO2占21%, H2占79%,苯酚的转化率为37%。
实施例2:一种苯酚吸附剂再生与苯酚无害化处理的方法,具体步骤如下:
将水、已吸附苯酚的苯酚吸附剂(苯酚吸附剂为活性炭)、氧化剂(氧化剂为过氧化钠)加入到高温高压反应釜中,密闭高温高压反应釜,然后进行升温加压至高温高压反应釜内的反应体系达到超临界状态,即温度为400℃,压力为23.5Mpa,并反应3min,冷却至室温,打开气体输出阀门,收集气体产物,拆开反应釜,收集再生苯酚吸附剂(活性炭);其中苯酚与苯酚吸附剂(活性炭)的质量比为24:100,氧化剂(过氧化钠)与苯酚的摩尔比为1.5:1;
本实施例中苯酚吸附剂(活性炭)的再生产率为96.3,再生苯酚吸附剂(活性炭)对苯酚的吸附容量为原苯酚吸附剂(活性炭)的102%,以体积百分数计,气体产物中CH4占7%,CO2占36%,H2占57%,苯酚的转化率为58%。
实施例3:一种苯酚吸附剂再生与苯酚无害化处理的方法,具体步骤如下:
将水、已吸附苯酚的苯酚吸附剂(苯酚吸附剂为碳纳米管)、氧化剂(氧化剂为过氧化钾)和催化剂(Zn合金)加入到高温高压反应釜中,密闭高温高压反应釜,然后进行升温加压至高温高压反应釜内的反应体系达到超临界状态,即温度为450℃,压力为24Mpa,并反应5min,冷却至室温,打开气体输出阀门,收集气体产物,拆开反应釜,收集再生苯酚吸附剂(活性炭);其中苯酚与苯酚吸附剂(活性炭)的质量比为24:100;氧化剂(过氧化钾)与苯酚的摩尔比为3:1;催化剂(Zn合金)与苯酚的质量比为0.5:1;
本实施例中苯酚吸附剂(活性炭)的再生产率为96.5%,再生苯酚吸附剂(活性炭)对苯酚的吸附容量为原苯酚吸附剂(活性炭)的108%,以体积百分数计,气体产物中CH4占24%,CO2占34%,H2占42%,苯酚的转化率为64%。
实施例4:一种苯酚吸附剂再生与苯酚无害化处理的方法,具体步骤如下:
将水、已吸附苯酚的苯酚吸附剂(碳纳米管)、和催化剂(Zn-Ni合金)加入到高温高压反应釜中,密闭高温高压反应釜,然后进行升温加压至高温高压反应釜内的反应体系达到超临界状态,即温度为500℃,压力为25Mpa,并反应60min,冷却至室温,打开气体输出阀门,收集气体产物,拆开反应釜,收集再生苯酚吸附剂(碳纳米管);其中苯酚与苯酚吸附剂(碳纳米管)的质量比为24:100;催化剂(Zn-Ni合金)与苯酚的质量比为1:1;
本实施例中苯酚吸附剂(碳纳米管)的再生率为91%,再生苯酚吸附剂(碳纳米管)对苯酚的吸附容量为原苯酚吸附剂(碳纳米管)的115%,以体积百分数计,气体产物中CH4占38%,CO2占32%,H2占30%,苯酚的转化率为100%。
实施例5:一种苯酚吸附剂再生与苯酚无害化处理的方法,具体步骤如下:
将水、已吸附苯酚的苯酚吸附剂(苯酚吸附剂为活性炭纤维)、氧化剂(氧化剂为双氧水)加入到高温高压反应釜中,密闭高温高压反应釜,然后进行升温加压至高温高压反应釜内的反应体系达到超临界状态,即温度为390℃,压力为28Mpa,并反应15min,冷却至室温,打开气体输出阀门,收集气体产物,拆开反应釜,收集再生苯酚吸附剂(活性炭纤维);其中双氧水以双氧水溶液加入,苯酚吸附剂(活性炭纤维)与双氧水溶液的质量比为1:5.5,苯酚与苯酚吸附剂(活性炭纤维)的质量比为24:100;氧化剂(双氧水)与苯酚的摩尔比为7.5:1;
本实施例中苯酚吸附剂(活性炭纤维)的再生产率为88%,再生苯酚吸附剂(活性炭纤维)对苯酚的吸附容量为原苯酚吸附剂(活性炭纤维)的122%,以体积百分数计,气体产物中CO2占89%,H2占11%,苯酚的转化率为81%。
实施例6:一种苯酚吸附剂再生与苯酚无害化处理的方法,具体步骤如下:
将水、已吸附苯酚的苯酚吸附剂(活性三氧化二铝)、催化剂(Zn-Ni-Pd合金)加入到高温高压反应釜中,密闭高温高压反应釜,然后进行升温加压至高温高压反应釜内的反应体系达到超临界状态,即温度为500℃,压力为25Mpa,并反应40min,冷却至室温,打开气体输出阀门,收集气体产物,拆开反应釜,收集再生苯酚吸附剂(活性三氧化二铝);其中苯酚与苯酚吸附剂(活性三氧化二铝)的质量比为24:100;催化剂(Zn-Ni-Pd合金)与苯酚的质量比为1:1;
本实施例中苯酚吸附剂(活性三氧化二铝)的再生产率为98%,再生苯酚吸附剂(活性炭)对苯酚的吸附容量为原苯酚吸附剂(活性炭)的95%,以体积百分数计,气体产物中CH4占21%,CO2占34%,H2占45%,苯酚的转化率为100%。
实施例7:一种苯酚吸附剂再生与苯酚无害化处理的方法,具体步骤如下:
将水、已吸附苯酚的苯酚吸附剂(TS-1)、催化剂(Pt-Pd合金)加入到高温高压反应釜中,密闭高温高压反应釜,然后进行升温加压至高温高压反应釜内的反应体系达到超临界状态,即温度为500℃,压力为30Mpa,并反应30min,冷却至室温,打开气体输出阀门,收集气体产物,拆开反应釜,收集再生苯酚吸附剂(TS-1);其中苯酚与苯酚吸附剂(TS-1)的质量比为24:100;催化剂(Pt-Pd合金)与苯酚的质量比为0.8:1;
本实施例中苯酚吸附剂(TS-1)的再生产率为99%,再生苯酚吸附剂(TS-1)对苯酚的吸附容量为原苯酚吸附剂(TS-1)的98%,以体积百分数计,气体产物中CH4占17%,CO2占15%,H2占68%,苯酚的转化率为100%。
实施例8:一种苯酚吸附剂再生与苯酚无害化处理的方法,具体步骤如下:
将水、已吸附苯酚的苯酚吸附剂(13X)、氧化剂(过氧碳酸钠)、催化剂(Ni-Co合金)加入到高温高压反应釜中,密闭高温高压反应釜,然后进行升温加压至高温高压反应釜内的反应体系达到超临界状态,即温度为500℃,压力为27Mpa,并反应30min,冷却至室温,打开气体输出阀门,收集气体产物,拆开反应釜,收集再生苯酚吸附剂(13X);其中苯酚与苯酚吸附剂(13X)的质量比为24:100;氧化剂(过氧碳酸钠)与苯酚的摩尔比为4:1;催化剂(Ni-Co合金)与苯酚的质量比为0.5:1;
本实施例中苯酚吸附剂(13X)的再生产率为97%,再生苯酚吸附剂(13X)对苯酚的吸附容量为原苯酚吸附剂(13X)的89%,以体积百分数计,气体产物中CH4占11%,CO2占41%,H2占48%,苯酚的转化率为100%。
实施例9:一种苯酚吸附剂再生与苯酚无害化处理的方法,具体步骤如下:
将水、已吸附苯酚的苯酚吸附剂(ZSM-5)、催化剂(KOH和Ni-Cu合金)加入到高温高压反应釜中,密闭高温高压反应釜,然后进行升温加压至高温高压反应釜内的反应体系达到超临界状态,即温度为500℃,压力为30Mpa,并反应20min,冷却至室温,打开气体输出阀门,收集气体产物,拆开反应釜,收集再生苯酚吸附剂(ZSM-5);其中苯酚与苯酚吸附剂(ZSM-5)的质量比为24:100;催化剂(KOH)与苯酚的质量比为0.1:1;催化剂(Ni-Co合金)与苯酚的质量比为0.3:1;
本实施例中苯酚吸附剂(ZSM-5)的再生产率为98%,再生苯酚吸附剂(ZSM-5)对苯酚的吸附容量为原苯酚吸附剂(ZSM-5)的94%,以体积百分数计,气体产物中CH4占25%,CO2占31%,H2占44%,苯酚的转化率为89%。
实施例10:一种苯酚吸附剂再生与苯酚无害化处理的方法,具体步骤如下:
将水、已吸附苯酚的苯酚吸附剂(ZSM-35)、催化剂(KHCO3和Ni-Cu-Ru合金)加入到高温高压反应釜中,密闭高温高压反应釜,然后进行升温加压至高温高压反应釜内的反应体系达到超临界状态,即温度为480℃,压力为30Mpa,并反应20min,冷却至室温,打开气体输出阀门,收集气体产物,拆开反应釜,收集再生苯酚吸附剂(ZSM-5);其中苯酚与苯酚吸附剂(ZSM-35)的质量比为24:100;催化剂(KHCO3)与苯酚的质量比为0.2:1;催化剂(Ni-Co-Ru合金)与苯酚的质量比为0.3:1;
本实施例中苯酚吸附剂(ZSM-35)的再生产率为99%,再生苯酚吸附剂(ZSM-35)对苯酚的吸附容量为原苯酚吸附剂(ZSM-35)的88%,以体积百分数计,气体产物中CH4占23%,CO2占24%,H2占53%,苯酚的转化率为83%。
实施例11:一种苯酚吸附剂再生与苯酚无害化处理的方法,具体步骤如下:
将水、已吸附苯酚的苯酚吸附剂(TS-1)、氧化剂(H2O2)加入到高温高压反应釜中,密闭高温高压反应釜,然后进行升温加压至高温高压反应釜内的反应体系达到超临界状态,即温度为400℃,压力为26Mpa,并反应10min,冷却至室温,打开气体输出阀门,收集气体产物,拆开反应釜,收集再生苯酚吸附剂(ZSM-5);其中双氧水以双氧水溶液加入,苯酚吸附剂(TS-1)与双氧水溶液的质量比为1:5.5,苯酚与苯酚吸附剂(TS-1)的质量比为24:100;氧化剂(双氧水)与苯酚的摩尔比为15:1;
本实施例中苯酚吸附剂(TS-1)的再生产率为98%,再生苯酚吸附剂(TS-1)对苯酚的吸附容量为原苯酚吸附剂(TS-1)的97%,以体积百分数计,气体产物中CO2占95%,H2占5%,苯酚的转化率为100%。
实施例12:一种苯酚吸附剂再生与苯酚无害化处理的方法,具体步骤如下:
将水、已吸附苯酚的苯酚吸附剂(TS-1)、氧化剂(H2O2)、催化剂(KHCO3和Ni-Cu-Ru合金)加入到高温高压反应釜中,密闭高温高压反应釜,然后进行升温加压至高温高压反应釜内的反应体系达到超临界状态,即温度为400℃,压力为26Mpa,并反应15min,冷却至室温,打开气体输出阀门,收集气体产物,拆开反应釜,收集再生苯酚吸附剂(ZSM-5);其中双氧水以双氧水溶液加入,苯酚吸附剂(TS-1)与双氧水溶液的质量比为1:5.5,苯酚与苯酚吸附剂(TS-1)的质量比为24:100,氧化剂(双氧水)与苯酚的摩尔比为10:1,催化剂(KHCO3)与苯酚的质量比为0.4:1,催化剂(Ni-Co-Ru合金)与苯酚的质量比为0.2:1;
本实施例中苯酚吸附剂(TS-1)的再生产率为99%,再生苯酚吸附剂(TS-1)对苯酚的吸附容量为原苯酚吸附剂(TS-1)的95%,以体积百分数计,气体产物中CH4占9%,CO2占63%,H2占28%,苯酚的转化率为83%。
Claims (6)
1.一种苯酚吸附剂再生与苯酚无害化处理的方法,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:
将水、已吸附苯酚的苯酚吸附剂、氧化剂和/或催化剂加入到高温高压反应釜中,密闭高温高压反应釜,然后进行升温加压至高温高压反应釜内的反应体系达到超临界状态,并反应0.1~60min,冷却至室温,收集气体产物和再生苯酚吸附剂,其中超临界状态的温度为380~600℃,压力为22.1~30MPa。
2.根据权利要求1所述苯酚吸附剂再生与苯酚无害化处理的方法,其特征在于:吸附剂为碳材料、活性三氧化二铝或分子筛,碳材料为活性炭、碳纳米管或活性炭纤维,分子筛为13X分子筛、ZSM-5分子筛、TS-1分子筛、ZSM-35分子筛或ZSM-22。
3.根据权利要求1所述苯酚吸附剂再生与苯酚无害化处理的方法,其特征在于:氧化剂与苯酚的摩尔比率为(0~20):1,氧化剂为双氧水、过氧化钠、过氧碳酸钠、过氧化钾、过氧碳酸钾或氧化性气体,氧化性气体为O2和/或O3。
4.根据权利要求1所述苯酚吸附剂再生与苯酚无害化处理的方法,其特征在于:催化剂与苯酚的质量比为(0.05~1):1,催化剂为碱金属的氢氧化物、碱金属的碳酸盐、碱金属的碳酸氢盐、过渡金属与贵金属的合金、过渡金属的合金、贵金属的合金中的一种或任意比多种。
5.根据权利要求3所述苯酚吸附剂再生与苯酚无害化处理的方法,其特征在于:碱金属的氢氧化物为NaOH或KOH,碱金属的碳酸盐为Na2CO3、NaHCO3、K2CO3或KHCO3,过渡金属为Zn、Co、Ni或Cu,贵金属为Pd、Pt或Ru。
6.根据权利要求1所述苯酚吸附剂再生与苯酚无害化处理的方法,其特征在于:高温高压反应釜为间歇式反应釜或连续式反应釜。
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