CN106082208B - 一种催化脱嗅的改性活性炭的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种催化脱嗅的改性活性炭的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106082208B
CN106082208B CN201610592760.5A CN201610592760A CN106082208B CN 106082208 B CN106082208 B CN 106082208B CN 201610592760 A CN201610592760 A CN 201610592760A CN 106082208 B CN106082208 B CN 106082208B
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刘海龙
柴建恬
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SHANXI PULI ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING CO., LTD.
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种用于催化脱嗅的改性活性炭的制备方法。制备步骤：将活性炭用纯水洗净表面粉粒及杂质后，烘干；按固液比1∶1.5‑3在反应器中加入活性炭和0.1‑0.3mol/L的活化硅酸胶体溶液，振荡反应10‑30min；之后加入浓度为0.2～0.4mol/L的硫酸亚铁，调整pH值到9‑10，振荡反应30min；通入臭氧3‑5min后收集活性炭，加入纯水清洗，烘干，300～450℃焙烧1‑2h，即制成改性活性炭。该改性活性炭可用于快速催化降解和吸附去除水中余氯并脱除嗅味，可在自来水水质改善中使用；其金属离子溶出率小、性能稳定性强，有效使用时间长；改性活性炭制备工艺简捷、成本低廉、易于工业化实施。

Description

一种催化脱嗅的改性活性炭的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及活性炭的制备，具体属于一种催化脱嗅的改性活性炭的制备方法。
背景技术
水污染是现在人类社会面临的最重要的环境污染之一。有机物污染的有效控制是污废水处理和给水处理所面临的主要难题之一。特别是水源不可避免地受到一定程度的污染，其中的一些由于气候因素自然产生又被人类干扰而强化的污染现象如藻类、微生物污染等造成的危害日益受到人们的重视。藻类以及一些微生物在一定条件下产生的代谢物以及降解产物对水质影响极大。这些物质的存在不仅造成水质感官上的影响，如发黑、发臭，而且对人体和其他生物可能造成健康损害，比如藻毒素可能作用与人体产生的神经毒性和肝毒性，甚至是三致作用。水中的有机物以及上述代谢物在水处理工艺中尤其是消毒环节，可能和消毒剂反应成为消毒副产物，严重危害用户用水安全。
目前研究证实，水源中产生的藻类及微生物代谢物有些在自来水处理工艺中不能有效去除，甚至是没有明确的处理技术。有机污染物由于化学结构十分稳定,溶解性强，难于被常规的处理工艺去除。消毒副产物在自来水处理末端消毒工艺中，因而水处理工艺对其作用甚微，很难达到满意的处理效果，至今仍缺乏经济有效的实用技术。因此，制备一种可以发挥良好除嗅作用，去除自来水中余氯、氯代有机物和2-MIB等致嗅物质的具备催化反应功能的活性炭，很有必要。
与目前膜法、生物法及传统化学氧化法相比，催化法是较有潜力的一种处理方法。膜法成本较高，还存在浓水问题、膜污染结垢、能耗高等问题，其实质是污染物的转移而不是去除；而且余氯本身对膜就是有损伤作用。生物法运行周期长，适应性差，对难降解污染物处理能力弱，甚至受其影响或毒害，影响或危害处理效果。传统的氧化技术处理有机物有效，是多年来水处理领域中的研究热点，但其氧化效率有待提高。与传统化学氧化法相比(如臭氧化)，催化降解包括催化氧化、催化降解等过程，提高了反应利用率，可以更高效地去除水中一些难降解的有机化合物，因而该技术在饮用水除有机微污染及难降解有机物方面显示出巨大的应用潜力。
研究表明，在金属离子中铁离子的催化效能较高，且相对于其他过渡金属较为安全，同时可以高效催化分解水中的有机污染物。但采用均相体系处理有机废水存在催化剂难分离且不可重复利用的问题，因此，以非均相催化为特征，研发一种易分离且具有高效催化剂具有实际应用价值。
技术内容
本发明目的在于提供一种用于催化脱嗅的改性活性炭的制备方法，制备工艺简洁、成本低廉、易于工业化实施；所制得的活性炭金属离子溶出率小、性能稳定，有效使用时间长，对游离余氯、氯代有机物和2-MIB等致嗅物质的去除能力良好，可提升自来水口感并降低潜在风险，可在自来水水质改善中使用。
本发明提供的一种用于催化脱嗅的改性活性炭的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)将活性炭用纯水洗净表面粉粒及杂质后，烘干、备用；
(2)配置浓度为0.1-0.3mol/L的硅酸钠溶液，并加入适量0.05-0.15mol/L HCl溶液调pH至11～11.5，陈化至少6h，制成活化硅酸胶体溶液；配制浓度为0.2～0.4mol/L的硫酸亚铁溶液；
(3)按固液比1∶1.5-3将步骤(1)处理过的活性炭放在反应器中，加入活化硅酸胶体溶液，振荡反应10-30min；之后加入浓度为0.2～0.4mol/L的硫酸亚铁溶液，调整pH值到9-10，振荡反应30min；
(4)然后向反应器中通入臭氧3-5min，收集活性炭，用纯水清洗活性炭，烘干；300～450℃焙烧1-2h，即制成改性活性炭。
所述的硫酸亚铁溶液可以用氯化亚铁溶液替代。
与现有技术相比本发明具有以下优点和效果：1、本发明用活性硅酸胶体和亚铁离子负载到活性炭，由臭氧氧化后形成铁/硅复合改性活性炭。该活性炭在脱氯和去除嗅味物质过程中更有效发挥了催化降解和吸附能力，同时提高了铁离子的稳定性，提高了改性活性炭催化、吸附效能的稳定性。2、本发明制备得到的活性炭催化剂催化效果好，对多种致嗅有机物催化、吸附效率均较改性前的活性炭对照组大幅提高。3、本发明活性炭制备工艺简捷，投资少，原料成本低、能耗低，且可以回收循环利用，属于低碳技术发展方向，符合国家社会节能减排发展方向。
具体实施方式
下面以实施例方式对本催化脱嗅的改性活性炭的制备及应用进行具体详细说明。
实施例1：
在500mL反应器中加入150g经洗涤烘干后的活性炭，再加入pH 11.5、浓度0.2mol/L的活化硅酸胶体溶液200mL，振荡反应20min；之后加入浓度为0.25mol/L的硫酸亚铁溶液，调整pH值到10，振荡反应30min；反应器中通入臭氧5min后收集活性炭，加入纯水清洗、收集活性炭；烘干活性炭，350℃焙烧2h，即制成改性活性炭。
实施例2：
反应器中加入250g经洗涤烘干后活性炭，加入pH11.5、浓度0.2mol/L的活化硅酸胶体溶液600mL，振荡反应20min；之后加入浓度为0.20mol/L的氯化亚铁溶液，调整pH值到9.5，振荡反应30min；反应器中通入臭氧3min后收集活性炭，加入纯水清洗、收集活性炭；烘干活性炭，350℃焙烧2h，即制成改性活性炭。
实施例:3：
用上述改性活性炭构建的催化反应器对以余氯(NaClO)为主要致嗅物质的原水处理实验。
以自来水配置NaClO原水；采用上述实施例1的改性活性炭制成催化反应柱，原水由活性炭催化剂柱下部引入，经活性炭催化反应后，反应柱上层引出处理后的出水，检测原水、出水中NaClO的浓度。原水中NaClO的含量分别为1.5、1.0、0.5mg/L，反应柱中有效停留时间为15min。测得NaClO降解率达90.8％～99.2％，而同样条件下的对照组(不投加活性炭)和NaClO自然的降解率分别为57.9～79.2％和4.6％。且水中氯离子浓度相应上升，嗅味基本消失。
实施例4：
用上述改性活性炭构建的催化反应器对以三卤甲烷(THMs)为主要致嗅物质的原水处理实验。
用自来水配置三卤甲烷(THMs)原水，浓度为252μg/L，此水有浓重的气味；采用上述实施例1的改性活性炭制成催化反应柱，原水由活性炭催化剂柱下部引入，反应柱中有效停留时间为15min。经活性炭催化反应后，反应柱上层引出处理后的出水，萃取、检测原水、出水中THMs的浓度。原水中THMs的含量为252μg/L，测得THMs降解、吸附去除率达93％～97％，且水中氯离子浓度相应上升，嗅味基本消失。

Claims (4)

1.一种用于催化脱嗅的改性活性炭的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
(1)将活性炭用纯水洗净表面粉粒及杂质后，烘干、备用；
(2)配置浓度为0.1-0.3mol/L的硅酸钠溶液，并加入适量0.05-0.15mol/L HCl溶液调pH至11～11.5，陈化至少6h，制成活化硅酸胶体溶液；配制浓度为0.2～0.4mol/L的硫酸亚铁溶液；
(3)按固液比1∶1.5-3将步骤(1)处理过的活性炭放在反应器中，加入活化硅酸胶体溶液，振荡反应10-30min；之后加入浓度为0.2～0.4mol/L的硫酸亚铁溶液，调整pH值到9-10，振荡反应30min；
(4)然后向反应器中通入臭氧3-5min，收集活性炭，用纯水清洗活性炭，烘干；300～450℃焙烧1-2h，即制成改性活性炭。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种用于催化脱嗅的改性活性炭的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的硫酸亚铁溶液用氯化亚铁溶液替代。
3.如权利要求1所述方法制备的用于催化脱嗅的改性活性炭。
4.如权利要求3所述的改性活性炭在水处理脱嗅中的应用。
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