CN108076997A - A kind of light simple, the efficient corn planting method of hilly and mountainous land - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to proportion of crop planting technical fields, disclose a kind of light simple, the efficient corn planting method of hilly and mountainous land, the soil and black fallow that each household is concentrated to contract；By hillside fields that is relatively large, relatively concentrating, the platform soil for suitable for mechanization is renovated；Give up " chicken coop field ", " bamboo hat " is other lands used；Type selecting pairing agricultural machinery progress soil is ploughed whole；Select resistant to lodging, fringe position is neat, is dehydrated fast kind；Adjust mechanization precision drilling after plant/line spacing, speed；Pest and disease damage Unifying control；Using slow-release fertilizer, by the application quantity of nitrogen phosphorus potassium needed for the corn time of infertility, when sowing, disposably applies, and discharges by stages；Chemical weed control；Mechanization grain harvest.The present invention blue or green strong brawn drain, rural area aging degree getting worse background under, by the present invention, reduce labor intensity and chemical fertilizer, pesticide dosage, adapt to science and technology and be showing improvement or progress day by day, improve maize production benefit.

Description

A kind of light simple, the efficient corn planting method of hilly and mountainous land

Technical field

The invention belongs to proportion of crop planting technical field more particularly to a kind of light simple, the efficient corn plantings of hilly and mountainous land Method.

Background technology

American economist Blang once asked a question to the world：" 21 century, who to support China "Father Yuan of world hybrid rice Grand flat academician provides answer, and Chinese account for the world by scientific and technological progress and joint efforts, by supporting to account for the soil in the world 7% 22% population.Corn occupies highly important status as one of Chongqing City's staple food crop in agricultural production.Chongqing It is located in the zone of transition of Qinghai-Tibet Platean and middle and lower reach of Yangtze River Plain, mountainous region area accounts for the 70% of territory area, and hills accounts for 20%, delays Less than 10%, region characteristic and the cause of long-term planting habit are unable to the hills of rice cultivation, mountainous region and are used for maize planting mound Pingba； It ploughs, plant, receive Mechanization Level only 13.23%, only 30% or so of average national level；In recent years, supplier becomes Change, the contradiction between backward productivity and plantation comparative effectiveness cost is more and more prominent, and large area from far-off regions is caused to be letted a piece of farmland go to waste.

In conclusion problem present on existing maize production is：Maize production labor intensity is big, artificial input cost compared with More, comparative effectiveness is low to cause large area to be letted a piece of farmland go to waste, and seriously affects national food security.

The content of the invention

In view of the problems of the existing technology, the present invention provides a kind of light simple, the efficient corn planting sides of hilly and mountainous land Method.

The present invention is achieved in that a kind of light simple, the efficient corn planting method of hilly and mountainous land, described light simple, efficient Corn planting method include：

Step 1 concentrates each household contracted land, black fallow, by relatively large and neighbouring hillside fields, renovates the mechanization that is advisable Platform soil；Give up " chicken coop field, bamboo hat " for other lands used.

It is wheeled to plough whole, flat to physical features regional choice for lineament type selecting pairing agricultural machinery progress soil for step 2 Tractor selects caterpillar tractor to gentle slope region plot, soil moisture content is paid attention to when soil ploughs whole, water content generally exists Between 40%-60%, it is alternate that soil shows as earth's surface dry and wet, and it is easily fragmentary that foot kicks ground soil block, soil hand at 5~10 centimetres of topsoils Hold it is agglomerating, landing i.e. dissipate.

Step 3, selection is resistant to lodging, and height of stachys position is neat, moderate, and seed is dehydrated fast kind.Corn mechanization kernel direct Receipts are started late, and really meet the of less types of this technology, should be strengthened tackling key problems with breeder's cooperation, be screened suitable mechanical Change the corn variety that kernel direct is received, it is final to realize the fusion of agricultural machinery agronomy.

Step 4, mechanization precision drilling, it is desirable that physical purity of seed is not less than 98%, and germination percentage reaches 95%, and water content exists 14% or so；The selected and Cotton seeds that clean are carried out before broadcasting；Seeding row spacing, speed are adjusted, inventor once did correlative study, hair Dilute big row that cropping pattern in the existing existing production in Chongqing region answers " indention expansion strain " to produce large area is reduced to 70 centimetres To 90 centimetres；

Step 5, using slow-release fertilizer, by the nutrient needed for the corn time of infertility, when sowing, disposably applies, and makes in fertilizer Compound rate of release containing nutrient can obtain a degree of control so that crop constant absorption utilizes, final to reduce fertilizer Expect the loss of nutrient, reduce fertilising operation number, save labour and expense, have the function that mitigate agricultural non-point source pollution.

Step 6, chemical weed control；According to weeds classification (unifacial leaf is dicotyledonous), herbicide is selected, is accomplished targetedly, Weeding is selective.

Step 7, mechanization kernel direct is received, by seed damage rate, percentage of admixture, gleaning rate and the research for falling seed rate, containing Water large area harvest when within 30% is advisable.

It is a kind of by light simple, the efficient corn planting method plantation of the hilly and mountainous land another object of the present invention is to provide Corn.

By the present invention, under the conditions of identical output, mitigate labour's input, it can be achieved that cost-effective 800-1500 Member/hm²(corn presses 1.8 yuan/kilogram, and labour is based on 80 yuan/day).It is carried on the back in the epoch of brawn drain, labour's astogeny It under scape, reduces labor intensity and chemical fertilizer, pesticide dosage, greatly improves maize production benefit.

Description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is light simple, efficient corn planting method flow chart provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

Specific embodiment

In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to Limit the present invention.

The application principle of the present invention is explained in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figure 1, light simple, the efficient corn planting method of hilly and mountainous land provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes following step Suddenly：

S101：Plot selection, regulation, contract the smaller soil of area, black fallow is put together by each household；By it is larger, compared with The platform soil for the mechanization that is advisable is renovated in the hillside fields of concentration；Give up chicken coop field, be land use for greening bamboo hat；

S102：Site preparation is ploughed in mechanization, and according to plot, Soil texture, type selecting pairing agricultural machinery carries out soil and ploughs whole, reaches Land leveling, soil are fine crushing, do not reveal stubble weeds；

S103：Variety selection, for mechanized harvest, selection is resistant to lodging, and height of stachys position is moderate, neat, is dehydrated fast product Kind, seed requirement uniformity, without it is damaged, bud gesture is strong, bud rate is high；

S104：Mechanization precision drilling, type selecting pairing precision seeding machine, adjusts seeding row spacing, speed etc.；

S105：Using slow-release fertilizer, by the application quantity of nitrogen phosphorus potassium needed for the corn time of infertility, when sowing, disposably applies, by stages Release has the function that reduce production cost, increasing peasant income synergy；

S106：Chemical weed control, the characteristic for having weeding speed fast, efficient, can disposably weed out the rank grass, and it is strong to mitigate work Degree, convenient for mechanized operation；

S107：Mechanization grain harvest, corn field harvest, artificial threshing, drying storage be during maize production most For onerous toil link, the 55% of entire maize production work total amount is accounted for, using mechanization grain harvest, can greatly be subtracted Light work intensity improves maize production efficiency.

The application effect of the present invention is explained in detail with reference to specific embodiment.

The present invention provides a kind of hilly and mountainous land light simple, efficient corn planting method, including plot selection, regulation, type selecting Pairing agricultural machinery, variety selection, determine seeding row spacing and speed at Mechanization sowing, pest and disease damage Unifying control, using slow-release fertilizer, chemistry Weeding, mechanization kernel direct receive and etc., wherein：

Step 1：Plot selects, and selects physical features flat, upright, bulk experimental field, experimental field positioned at Nanchuan grand sight, north latitude 29 ° 14 ' 14 " 106 ° 59 ' 48 of east longitude ", height above sea level 720m have certain production representativeness.

Step 2：Site preparation is ploughed in mechanization, according to soil moisture content, using 404 tractor of Dongfanghong (crawler type and wheeled), meat Eye observation plough whole prepartion of land, it is fine crushing, do not reveal stubble weeds until, ensure farmland quality.

Step 3：Variety selection, selection is resistant to lodging, and height of stachys position is moderate, neat, is dehydrated fast kind, such as Agricultural in Chongqing Oneself selection and breeding of corn research institute of the academy of sciences possess No. 8 single (the authorization number in conventional corn kind Chongqing of intellectual property：State examines jade 2005024, male parent 561, female parent is 478)；Seed requirement uniformity, without it is damaged, bud gesture is strong, bud rate is high.

Step 4：Mechanization precision drilling using 2BMZJ-4 type corn soybean combined seed and fertilizer drills, adjusts seeding row spacing, speed The line-spacings such as degree are 75 centimetres, 3300 plants/acre of density.

Step 5：It is random to select common several slow-release fertilizers on the market, Wo Fute (Shandong Nintaus great Ji using slow-release fertilizer Group), Chinese maple (Han Feng slow release fertilizers Jiangsu Co.), eight strange (eight strange agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd of Shenyang), Blockbuster (Weifang Blockbuster fertilizer Co., Ltd).It is chased after with a conventional bottom two as control, slow-release fertilizer disposably applies when sowing, and seed manure is separated.

Step 6：Chemical weed control, random to select common 5 kinds of herbicides on the market, with artificial weeding (CK1), not weeding is not Spray herbicide (CK2) is control, when weeds in field amount reaches a certain level, is removed according to testing program using spray and manually Grass, not weeding do not spray processing, 20 days (40 days) observe afterwards weeds wither here rate, it is ripe after harvest meter produce.

Step 7：Mechanization grain harvest, corn field harvest, artificial threshing, drying storage be during maize production most For onerous toil link, the 55% of entire maize production work total amount is accounted for, using mechanization grain harvest, can greatly be subtracted Light work intensity improves maize production efficiency.

Subordinate list：

Table 1, which changes single No. 8, chases after yield performance under Different Fertilization

As can be drawn from Table 1, all slow-release fertilizers are higher than conventional fertilizer application yield.Fertilizer, which is absorbed by crops, to be turned by solid-state Liquid is changed to, this just has very big relation with soil moisture content and weather, in several big key developmental stages of crop, due to soil after fertilising The reasons such as earth soil moisture content, weather have the longer transition period, are inevitably present with fertilizer deficiency, break the phenomenon that fertile, influence ultimate output.

Farmland weed preventive effect (20D) under the different herbicides of table 2

Table 3 changes single No. 8 Weed-control effect (40D) and ultimate outputs under different herbicides

Table 2, table 3 are as can be seen that bud is defended under herbicide, and the Weed-control effect of first 20 days is poor, and at 40 days, weeds in field is still Seldom, and to maize leaf there is no any poisoning；Table 2 shows that most effective weeding system is artificial weeding；As seen from Table 3, people The preventive effect of work weeding is shorter, and in harvest, weeds are restored to level before weeding.In terms of yield performance, herbicide is swallowed close green bristlegrass and is gone 558.7 kilograms of per mu yield is rolled over when Tianjin (60%) harvests, 539.6 kilograms of per mu yield is rolled over when sulphur grass atrazine harvests, bud defends folding per mu yield 592.7 kilograms, ground cyclopentadienyl 572.4 kilograms of per mu yield of folding, full 567.6 kilograms of the per mu yield of field folding of jade, several herbicides are average, compare artificial weeding (CK1) increase production 73.7 kilograms, increase production 151.7 kilograms than not weeding (CK2).It is the herbicide for being suitble to large area production that bud, which is defended,.It plants The agronomy links such as fertilising, weeding are solved on training management, now realize scarification equipment, exploration seeding mechanization substantially at present, under One step reaches the fusion of agricultural machinery agronomy, realizes light letter, high efficiency corn there is an urgent need for solving mechanization kernel direct from breeding, on agricultural machinery to receive Production technology.

The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention All any modification, equivalent and improvement made within refreshing and principle etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A kind of 1. light simple, the efficient corn planting method of hilly and mountainous land, which is characterized in that light simple, the efficient corn planting Method includes：

   Select resistant to lodging, height of stachys position is neat, moderate, and seed is dehydrated fast kind；

   Agricultural machinery working spacing in the rows, line-spacing, speed of drilling are adjusted in mechanization precision drilling；It carries out cleaning before broadcasting at selected and coating Reason；Adjust seeding row spacing, speed；

   Using slow-release fertilizer, decomposable organonitrogen compound is acted on down using biological or chemical, by the nitrogen phosphorus needed for the time of infertility Potassium application rate, when sowing, disposably apply, and discharge by stages；

   Chemical weed control；Only milpa is made, to before jointing after the final singling, using the herbicide of 30% topramezone+special assistant, entirely Field is sprayed, and carries out weeding.
2. 2. light simple, the efficient corn planting method of hilly and mountainous land as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that selection is resistant to lodging, Height of stachys position is neat, moderate, and seed needs to carry out before being dehydrated fast kind：

   Arrange the platform soil of suitable for mechanization；Give up chicken coop field, bamboo hat；

   It is ploughed according to soil moisture content.
3. 3. light simple, the efficient corn planting method of hilly and mountainous land as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the hills Light simple, the efficient corn planting method in mountainous region further includes：

   Mechanization grain harvest, moisture teller measure corn content and are harvested at 30%.
4. 4. a kind of corn of light simple, the efficient corn planting method plantation of hilly and mountainous land as described in claim 1.