CN109168394A - The suitable machine regulation method in Hills soil - Google Patents
The suitable machine regulation method in Hills soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN109168394A CN109168394A CN201811143256.2A CN201811143256A CN109168394A CN 109168394 A CN109168394 A CN 109168394A CN 201811143256 A CN201811143256 A CN 201811143256A CN 109168394 A CN109168394 A CN 109168394A
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- field
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- slope
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical fields in soil, specifically disclose a kind of suitable machine regulation method in Hills soil, comprising the following steps: slope measuring；Land status division is carried out according to the gradient, is divided into horizontal field, gentle slope field, steep slope field and halfpace field；Gravel cleaning, tears the raised path through fields, ditch open；Build channel；Field layout, its length and width is divided according to the property difference of field；It digs pit and digs；Fertilizing.The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of regulation methods for making Hills soil can adapt to large and medium-sized mechanized cultivation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical fields in soil, specifically disclose a kind of suitable machine regulation method in Hills soil.
Background technique
Chongqing belongs to typical Hills, with a varied topography, and the high slope in mountain is steep.The whole city ploughs, and generally existing plot is small, the gradient
Greatly, not the problems such as sporadicly dispersion, infrastructure do not match.Hilly and mountainous land accounting is up in 3657.6 ten thousand mu of whole city cultivated area
98%；The gradient is that 15 ° or more of sloping upland accounts for the 47.1% of cultivated area, the gradient be 25 ° or more should not the sloping upland of farming account for
The 14.7% of cultivated area；Monolithic cultivated area 1 mu it is below account for 80% or more, per capita area of cultivated farmland is 1.12 mu, each
Peasant household arable land, which is dispersed in more than at 3, accounts for 60%, and scale of ploughing per family is less than 5 mu；Arable land lacks production operation sidewalk, highway edge
Local agricultural machinery other than line is difficult to sensible.Soil condition is not in the reason of many peasants do not use medium-and-large-sized agricultural machinery
Suitable for mechanization accounting is up to 70.03%, in which: plot is too small to account for 32.56%, and no tractor road accounts for 28.94%, and soil landform is not
Suitable mechanical work accounts for 8.53%.It in the past in order to solve this problem, is all to set about in terms of agricultural machinery, by being carried out to agricultural machinery
It improves, to adapt to different land types, so just producing various types of mini-tillers.However, small-sized using mini-tiller etc.
Equipment, the labor intensity that low efficiency, output are few, artificial is very big, and income is extremely limited.The ground such as Japan in order to solve this problem, mention
Go out the method rectified and improved to soil, has made soil to adapt to modern heavy mechanical equipment, but very much not due to soil landform
It is identical, so use can not be used for reference directly, need to propose new amelioration method for Hills landform.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of rectification sides for making Hills soil can adapt to big machineryization plantation
Method.
In order to achieve the above object, base case of the invention are as follows:
The suitable machine regulation method in Hills soil, includes the following steps:
S1, slope measuring, the soil for treating regulation carry out slope measuring, and the gradient is 0 ° -5 ° and is divided into horizontal field, and the gradient is
5 ° -10 ° are divided into gentle slope field, and the gradient is 10 ° -15 ° and is divided into steep slope field, and the gradient is 15 ° -25 ° and is divided into halfpace field；
S2, gravel cleaning, the gravel in soil is cleared up and is collected；
S3 tears the raised path through fields open, fills out ditch；The raised path through fields for separating soil is removed, the irrigation canals and ditches being arranged in soil are filled and led up；
S4 builds channel；The channel passed through for heavy mechanical equipment, the width in channel are built along the width direction side in soil
Degree is 3-4m；
S5, field layout；For horizontal field, horizontal field is bulldozed using excavator, bull-dozer, makes the horizontal field gradient
0 °, horizontal field is divided into the horizontal field of several pieces of strips by the length direction along horizontal field, and the length of horizontal field is greater than
100m, width are greater than 30m, and each horizontal field is connect with channel；For gentle slope field, the length direction along gentle slope field is by gentle slope
Field is divided into several gentle slope fields, and the length of gentle slope field is greater than 80m, and width is greater than 30m, and each gentle slope field connects with channel
It connects；For steep slope field, steep slope field is divided into several steep slope fields by the length direction along steep slope field, and the length of steep slope field is greater than
65m, width are greater than 25m, and each steep slope field is connect with channel；For halfpace field, the length direction along halfpace field is by halfpace
Field is divided into several halfpace fields, and the length of halfpace field is greater than 50m, and width is greater than 25m, and each halfpace field is using soil-shifting
Machine is bulldozed, and each halfpace field is connect with channel；
S6 digs pit and digs；Hillside fields gentle for horizontal field, depth of turning soil of digging pit are less than 1.5m；For steep slope field, digs pit and turn over
Native depth is less than 1m；For halfpace field, depth of turning soil of digging pit is less than 1.2m；Before digging, by the surface layer of 0.1m-0.5m on field
Soil collects, and after the completion of digging, then topsoil is covered on field；
S7, fertilizing；Pass through Green manuring, straw-returning, the timely fertilizing vegetable soil of livestock and poultry muck consumption.
The working principle and beneficial effect of this base case are:
In S1, only have chosen the gradient and rectified and improved in 25 ° of field soil below, the gradient greater than 25 ° field soil rectification difficulty compared with
Greatly, higher cost；
In S2, it is convenient for plantation after cleaning out gravel；
In S3, the raised path through fields is removed, fills out after ditch and the field broken up can be integrated together, forms it into an entirety,
Convenient for subsequent rectification；
In S4, after modifying channel, large scale equipment can enter field soil from channel, carry out the cultivation of large scale equipment；
In S5, by the respective piecemeal of horizontal field, gentle slope field, steep slope field and terraced fields, convenient for subsequent determining planting density, plantation number
Amount, dose, irrigation amount；The length in horizontal field is greater than 100m, can reduce the frequency of mechanical equipment u-turn, improves mechanical equipment
Working efficiency；Planting with machinery is unfavorable for since its gradient is larger for halfpace field, so its piecemeal is bulldozed, machinery is in list
It is high-efficient, highly-safe all in horizontality when being operated in only each halfpace field；
In S6 and S7, the high-efficient of planting with machinery, planting density are big, require height to the fertile degree of field soil, only need table in the past
Layer soil is mellow soil, it is now desired to which the soil of deeper also will be mellow soil, can provide enough support for crops in this way
Point, so the depth digged is relatively deep but also needs to apply fertilizer to it, guarantee enough mellow soil amounts.
Further, in S4, channel laying is carried out using the gravel that S2 is collected, gravel reuses 37 lime earth paving after being laid with
If.Using this programme, the gravel of Tian Tuzhong is more, be not easy to transport away, passes through so being directly laid on the spot for mechanical equipment
Channel, gravel hardness is high, and the channel being laid to is able to bear biggish pressure.
Further, in S5, using bull-dozer by the grade reduction in steep slope field to 15 ° or less.Using this programme, reduce steep slope
The gradient in field, be conducive to it is subsequent dig, dig pit, be also beneficial to the cultivation of subsequent mechanical equipment.
Further, in S5, the length of horizontal field is 500m.Using this programme, the length in horizontal field is 500m more suitable
Preferably, if it is too long, it is unfavorable for the monitoring of subsequent crop growth situation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of rooter in embodiment；
Fig. 2 is the longitudinal section view in Fig. 1 at A.
Specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail:
Appended drawing reference in Figure of description includes: vehicle shell 1, control room 2, plough mouldboard 3, shovels native plate 4, hollow cavity 5, turns
Axis 6, rotating wheel 7, conveyer belt 8, elastic plectrum 9, leakage soil box 10, inclined plate 11, vibrating motor 12, vibrating mass 13.
The suitable machine regulation method in the present embodiment Hills soil, includes the following steps:
S1, slope measuring, the soil for treating regulation carry out slope measuring, and the gradient is 0 ° -5 ° and is divided into horizontal field, and the gradient is
5 ° -10 ° are divided into gentle slope field, and the gradient is 10 ° -15 ° and is divided into steep slope field, and the gradient is 15 ° -25 ° and is divided into halfpace field；
S2, gravel cleaning, the gravel in soil is cleared up and is collected；
S3 tears the raised path through fields open, fills out ditch；The raised path through fields for removing segmentation soil fills and leads up the ditch for being arranged in the middle part of soil and dividing soil
Canal；
S4 builds channel；The channel passed through for heavy mechanical equipment is built, is able to enter heavy mechanical equipment to field
In, the width in channel is 3.5m, and channel first uses the gravel of the collection in S to be laid with, reuses 37 lime earth and be laid with.
S5, field layout；For horizontal field, horizontal field is bulldozed using bull-dozer, it is made not have the gradient, by horizontal field
It is divided into several pieces of horizontal fields, the length of horizontal field is 100-600m, width 30-60m, and each horizontal field is and channel
Connection；For gentle slope field, gentle slope field is divided into several gentle slope fields, the length of gentle slope field is 80-200m, width 30-
45m, each gentle slope field are connect with channel；It, will using bull-dozer by the grade reduction in steep slope field to 12 ° for steep slope field
Steep slope field is divided into several steep slope fields, and the length of steep slope field is 65-150m, width 25-35m, each steep slope field with
Channel connection；For halfpace field, halfpace field is divided into several halfpace fields, the length of halfpace field is 50-150m, and width is
25-35m, and each halfpace field is bulldozed using bull-dozer, so, each halfpace field is level, each halfpace field
It is connect with channel；
S6 digs pit and digs；Hillside fields gentle for horizontal field, dig pit digging using rooter, depth 1.3m；For
Steep slope field dig pit digging using rooter, depth 0.8m；For halfpace field, dig pit digging using rooter, it is deep
Degree is 1m；Before digging, the topsoil of 0.1m-0.4m on field is collected, after the completion of digging, then topsoil is covered on
On field；
S7, fertilizing；When rooter is digged, lime nitrogen is added from trend topsoil, and automatically under topsoil
Side's landfill stalk, applies nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and muck from the raw-soil below trend topsoil.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, rooter includes vehicle shell 1, walking mechanism, operating room and mechanism of digging, walking mechanism and behaviour
It is arranged in vehicle shell 1 as room, walking mechanism includes motor and wheel, and the output end of motor is connect with wheel, and operating room is used for
Control walking mechanism；The left end of vehicle shell 1 is equipped with the turnover panel that can be stirred up and down, and the front end of vehicle shell 1, rooter is arranged in mechanism of digging
Structure includes two scraper devices and a loosening device.Scraper device includes shoveling native plate 4, and the right end for shoveling native plate 4 is fixed at
The left end of plough mouldboard 3, two are shoveled native plate 4 in positional relationship parallel up and down, are shoveled native plate 4 inclined downward to the left, are shoveled in native plate 4
Equipped with hollow cavity 5, end face is equipped with through slot thereon, and through slot is connected to hollow cavity 5, is equipped in through slot and is rotatably connected to two turns
Axis 6 has been fixedly and coaxially connected rotating wheel 7 in shaft 6, and tensioning is wound with conveyer belt 8, the appearance of conveyer belt 8 on two rotating wheels 7
Face is fixed with elastic plectrum 9, and elastic plectrum 9 is made of rubber, elastic plectrum 9 towards left bank, and two elastic plectrums 9 it
Between distance be equal to elastic plectrum 9 length, two elastic plectrums 9 of through slot left and right ends are tightly abutted against with through slot, and through slot
Width be less than elastic plectrum 9 width.The left and right sides for shoveling native plate 4 is equipped with material storing box, and material storing box is equipped with discharge nozzle, discharging
Pipe is connected to hollow cavity 5, and lime nitrogen is loaded in the material storing box being located above, is loaded with nitrogen in underlying material storing box
Fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and muck.The right part for shoveling native plate 4 is equipped with leakage soil box 10, and leakage soil box 10 through native plate 4 is shoveled, is located in the vertical direction
4 bottom of shovel soil plate of top is equipped with inclined plate 11, and the upper end of inclined plate 11 and the left end of leakage soil box 10 are affixed, and level is opened on plough mouldboard 3
Equipped with horizontal through slot, inclined plate 11 passes through horizontal through slot, and lower inclination and its right end are located at the right end of plough mouldboard 3 to inclined plate 11 to the right.Pine
Native device includes vibrating motor 12 and vibrating mass 13, and vibrating motor 12 is arranged in the lower end surface for shoveling native plate 4, vibrating motor 12 it is defeated
Downward, vibrating mass 13 is fixedly connected on the output end of vibrating motor 12 outlet.The right side of plough mouldboard 3 is fixed with storage bin,
Storage bin is provided with stalk, and the bottom of storage bin is equipped with opening, and storage bin is located at the lower section of inclined plate 11.
In use, rooter is opened in field, operation plough mouldboard 3 stirs downwards rooter, makes to shovel native plate 4 and is inserted into mud
It in soil, then drives rooter and moves forward, be inserted into soil due to shoveling native plate 4, so shoveling native plate when rooter is mobile
4 gradually by the upper surface of the native plate 4 of soil shovel to shovel, and in the process, positioned at the left side soil can by the soil on the right to
Right promotion is able to drive elastic plectrum 9 when soil moves right, conveyer belt 8 moves right.Nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer in material storing box etc.
It can be dropped by discharge nozzle in hollow cavity 5, it can be by the fertilizer in hollow cavity 5 when elastic plectrum 9 is by hollow cavity 5
To shoveling on native plate 4, fertilizer is mixed with soil material strip again, and last soil is leaked out from leakage soil box 10 again and fallen in field.
What has been described above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common sense such as well known specific structure and characteristic are not made herein in scheme
Excessive description.It, without departing from the structure of the invention, can be with it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art
Several modifications and improvements are made, these also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention, these all will not influence what the present invention was implemented
Effect and patent practicability.
Claims (4)
1. the suitable machine regulation method in Hills soil, which comprises the steps of:
S1, slope measuring, the soil for treating regulation carry out slope measuring, and the gradient is 0 ° -5 ° and is divided into horizontal field, and the gradient is 5 ° -
10 ° are divided into gentle slope field, and the gradient is 10 ° -15 ° and is divided into steep slope field, and the gradient is 15 ° -25 ° and is divided into halfpace field；
S2, gravel cleaning, the gravel in soil is cleared up and is collected；
S3 tears the raised path through fields open, fills out ditch；The raised path through fields for separating soil is removed, the irrigation canals and ditches being arranged in soil are filled and led up；
S4 builds channel；The channel passed through for heavy mechanical equipment is built along the width direction side in soil, the width in channel is
3-4m；
S5, field layout；For horizontal field, horizontal field is bulldozed using excavator, bull-dozer, makes 0 ° of the horizontal field gradient, edge
Horizontal field is divided into the horizontal field of several pieces of strips by the length direction in horizontal field, and the length of horizontal field is greater than 100m, wide
Degree is greater than 30m, and each horizontal field is connect with channel；For gentle slope field, gentle slope field is divided by the length direction along gentle slope field
Several gentle slope fields, the length of gentle slope field are greater than 80m, and width is greater than 30m, and each gentle slope field is connect with channel；For
Steep slope field is divided into several steep slope fields by steep slope field, the length direction along steep slope field, and the length of steep slope field is greater than 65m, width
Greater than 25m, each steep slope field is connect with channel；For halfpace field, if halfpace field is divided by the length direction along halfpace field
Dry halfpace field, the length of halfpace field are greater than 50m, and width is greater than 25m, and each halfpace field is bulldozed using bull-dozer,
Each halfpace field is connect with channel；
S6 digs pit and digs；Hillside fields gentle for horizontal field, depth of turning soil of digging pit are less than 1.5m；For steep slope field, depth of digging of digging pit
Degree is less than 1m；For halfpace field, depth of turning soil of digging pit is less than 1.2m；Before digging, the topsoil of 0.1m-0.5m on field is received
Collection gets up, and after the completion of digging, then topsoil is covered on field；
S7, fertilizing；It is increased fertilizer in time vegetable soil by Green manuring, straw-returning or livestock and poultry muck.
2. soil suitable machine regulation method in Hills according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in S4, received using S2
The gravel of collection carries out channel laying, and gravel reuses 37 lime earth laying after being laid with.
3. soil suitable machine regulation method in Hills according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: in S5, use soil-shifting
Machine is by the grade reduction in steep slope field to 15 ° or less.
4. soil suitable machine regulation method in Hills according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: in S5, horizontal field
Length be 500m.
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| CN201811143256.2A CN109168394B (en) | 2018-09-28 | 2018-09-28 | Land suitable organic remediation method for hilly and mountain areas |
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| CN201811143256.2A CN109168394B (en) | 2018-09-28 | 2018-09-28 | Land suitable organic remediation method for hilly and mountain areas |
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| CN109168394B CN109168394B (en) | 2021-05-25 |
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Cited By (2)
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| CN110178474A (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2019-08-30 | 西南大学 | Hilly area field building method |
| CN115204547A (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2022-10-18 | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 | Method for determining suitability of farmland in hilly and mountainous areas based on high-resolution remote sensing image |
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