CN109168394B - Land suitable organic remediation method for hilly and mountain areas - Google Patents
Land suitable organic remediation method for hilly and mountain areas Download PDFInfo
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- CN109168394B CN109168394B CN201811143256.2A CN201811143256A CN109168394B CN 109168394 B CN109168394 B CN 109168394B CN 201811143256 A CN201811143256 A CN 201811143256A CN 109168394 B CN109168394 B CN 109168394B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of land, and particularly discloses a suitable organic land remediation method for hilly and mountainous areas, which comprises the following steps: measuring the gradient; dividing the land into horizontal field, slow slope field, fast slope field and terrace field according to the slope; cleaning gravels, and dismantling the field ridges and the ditches; building a channel; the field layout is used for dividing the length and the width of the field according to different properties of the field; digging a pit and turning soil; and (5) fertilizing. The invention aims to provide a method for conditioning large and medium-sized mechanized planting of hilly and mountainous lands.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of land, and particularly discloses a method for organically renovating land in hilly and mountainous areas.
Background
Chongqing belongs to typical hilly and mountainous areas, the terrain is complex, and the mountain height and the slope are steep. The problems of small land blocks, large gradient, sporadic dispersion, unfit infrastructure and the like generally exist in cultivated land in the whole city. The occupied ratio of hilly mountains in 3657.6 ten thousand mu of cultivated land area in the whole city is up to 98 percent; slope farmland with the slope of more than 15 degrees accounts for 47.1 percent of the farmland area, and slope farmland with the slope of more than 25 degrees which is not suitable for cultivation accounts for 14.7 percent of the farmland area; the single-block cultivated land area accounts for more than 80% below 1 mu, the per-capita cultivated land area accounts for 1.12 mu, each farmer cultivated land is scattered above 3 positions and accounts for 60%, and the per-capita cultivated land scale is less than 5 mu; the farmland is short of production operation access, and agricultural machinery at places other than along the highway is difficult to access. Land conditions do not account for 70.03% for mechanization in the absence of large agricultural machines used by many farmers, where: the land is 32.56% too small, 28.94% without machine plowing, 8.53% for land terrain unsuitable for mechanical operation. In order to solve the problem, various types of micro-tillers have been developed by improving agricultural machinery to adapt to different land types. However, small-sized equipment such as a mini-tiller is used, so that the efficiency is low, the yield is low, the labor intensity of workers is high, and the income is very limited. In order to solve this problem, methods for improving the land have been proposed in japan and the like, and the land is adapted to modern large-scale mechanical equipment, but the land topography is very different, and therefore, the land cannot be used as a reference, and a new method for improving the land topography in hilly and mountainous areas needs to be proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rectification method which can adapt to large-scale mechanized planting in hilly and mountainous lands.
In order to achieve the purpose, the basic scheme of the invention is as follows:
the method for organically renovating the land in the hilly and mountain areas comprises the following steps:
s1, measuring the slope, namely measuring the slope of the land to be regulated, wherein the slope is 0-5 degrees and is divided into horizontal fields, the slope is 5-10 degrees and is divided into gentle slope fields, the slope is 10-15 degrees and is divided into rapid slope fields, and the slope is 15-25 degrees and is divided into terrace fields;
s2, cleaning gravels, and cleaning and collecting the gravels in the ground;
s3, detaching the field ridge and filling the ditch; dismantling a field ridge for separating the land and filling a ditch arranged in the land;
s4, building a channel; constructing a channel for large-scale mechanical equipment to pass through along one side of the width direction of the land, wherein the width of the channel is 3-4 m;
s5, field layout; for a horizontal field, an excavator and a bulldozer are used for pushing the horizontal field to be flat, the gradient of the horizontal field is 0 degree, the horizontal field is divided into a plurality of strip-shaped horizontal field pieces along the length direction of the horizontal field, the length of each horizontal field piece is more than 100m, the width of each horizontal field piece is more than 30m, and each horizontal field piece is connected with a channel; for the gentle slope field, dividing the gentle slope field into a plurality of gentle slope field blocks along the length direction of the gentle slope field, wherein the length of each gentle slope field block is greater than 80m, the width of each gentle slope field block is greater than 30m, and each gentle slope field block is connected with a channel; for the steep hillside fields, dividing the steep hillside fields into a plurality of steep hillside fields along the length direction of the steep hillside fields, wherein the length of each steep hillside field is more than 65m, the width of each steep hillside field is more than 25m, and each steep hillside field is connected with a channel; for the terrace field, dividing the terrace field into a plurality of terrace field pieces along the length direction of the terrace field, wherein the length of the terrace field pieces is more than 50m, the width of the terrace field pieces is more than 25m, each terrace field piece is pushed to be flat by a bulldozer, and each terrace field piece is connected with a channel;
s6, digging a pit and turning soil; for horizontal fields and slow slope fields, the digging depth and the digging depth are less than 1.5 m; for the steep hillside fields, the digging depth is less than 1 m; for the terrace field, the digging depth is less than 1.2 m; before turning soil, collecting surface soil of 0.1-0.5 m on the field, and covering the surface soil on the field after turning soil;
s7, fertilizing; the soil is fertilized and cured in time through green manure planting, straw returning and livestock manure digestion.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the basic scheme are as follows:
in S1, only the soil with the gradient below 25 degrees is selected for soil reclamation, and the soil with the gradient above 25 degrees has higher difficulty and higher cost;
s2, cleaning gravels to facilitate planting;
in the S3, the scattered field pieces can be integrated together after the field ridge and the water filling ditch are removed, so that the field ridge and the water filling ditch form a whole and are convenient for subsequent rectification and modification;
s4, after the channel is modified, the large-scale equipment can enter the field from the channel to cultivate the large-scale equipment;
s5, dividing the horizontal field, the slow sloping field, the fast sloping field and the terrace into blocks, and facilitating the subsequent determination of planting density, planting quantity, fertilizing amount and watering amount; the length of the horizontal field is more than 100m, so that the frequency of turning around of mechanical equipment can be reduced, and the working efficiency of the mechanical equipment is improved; for the terrace fields, the gradient is large, and the terrace fields are not beneficial to mechanical planting, so the terrace fields are pushed to be flat in a partitioning manner, the machine is in a horizontal state when operating in each terrace field block independently, the efficiency is high, and the safety is high;
in S6 and S7, the mechanical planting efficiency is high, the planting density is high, the requirement on the fertility of field soil is high, only surface soil needs to be mellow soil in the past, and at present, soil in a deeper layer needs to be mellow soil, so that enough nutrients can be provided for crops, the soil turning depth is deeper, and the crops need to be fertilized, and the enough mellow soil amount is ensured.
Further, in S4, the gravel collected in S2 is used for channel laying, and the pseudo-ginseng soil is used for laying after the gravel is laid. This scheme of adoption, the gravel in the field is many, and difficult the transportation is gone out, so directly establishes into the passageway that supplies mechanical equipment to pass through with regard to the ground, and gravel hardness is high, and the passageway of laying into can bear great pressure.
Further, in S5, the slope of the hilly field is reduced to 15 ° or less by using a bulldozer. By adopting the scheme, the slope of the steep hillside field is reduced, the subsequent soil turning and pit digging are facilitated, and the subsequent mechanical equipment cultivation is also facilitated.
Further, in S5, the horizontal field piece has a length of 500 m. By adopting the scheme, the length of the horizontal field is 500m, which is suitable, and if the length is too long, the monitoring of the subsequent crop growth condition is not facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an excavator in the embodiment;
fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view taken at a in fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below by way of specific embodiments:
reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: the soil shoveling device comprises a vehicle shell 1, a control room 2, a soil turning plate 3, a soil shoveling plate 4, a hollow cavity 5, a rotating shaft 6, a rotating wheel 7, a conveying belt 8, an elastic shifting sheet 9, a soil leaking groove 10, an inclined plate 11, a vibration motor 12 and a vibration block 13.
The method for organically renovating the land in the hilly and mountainous areas comprises the following steps:
s1, measuring the slope, namely measuring the slope of the land to be regulated, wherein the slope is 0-5 degrees and is divided into horizontal fields, the slope is 5-10 degrees and is divided into gentle slope fields, the slope is 10-15 degrees and is divided into rapid slope fields, and the slope is 15-25 degrees and is divided into terrace fields;
s2, cleaning gravels, and cleaning and collecting the gravels in the ground;
s3, detaching the field ridge and filling the ditch; removing the field ridge for dividing the land, and filling and leveling the ditch which is arranged in the middle of the land and divides the land;
s4, building a channel; and constructing a channel for large mechanical equipment to pass through, so that the large mechanical equipment can enter a field, wherein the width of the channel is 3.5m, the channel is paved by using the gravel collected in the S, and then the pseudo-ginseng soil is paved.
S5, field layout; for the horizontal field, a bulldozer is used for flattening the horizontal field to enable the horizontal field not to have a slope, the horizontal field is divided into a plurality of horizontal field blocks, the length of each horizontal field block is 100-600m, the width of each horizontal field block is 30-60m, and each horizontal field block is connected with a channel; for the gentle slope field, dividing the gentle slope field into a plurality of gentle slope field blocks, wherein the length of each gentle slope field block is 80-200m, the width of each gentle slope field block is 30-45m, and each gentle slope field block is connected with a channel; for the steep hilly field, a bulldozer is used for reducing the gradient of the steep hilly field to 12 degrees, the steep hilly field is divided into a plurality of steep hilly field blocks, the length of each steep hilly field block is 65-150m, the width of each steep hilly field block is 25-35m, and each steep hilly field block is connected with a channel; for the terrace fields, dividing the terrace fields into a plurality of terrace field pieces, wherein the length of each terrace field piece is 50-150m, the width of each terrace field piece is 25-35m, and each terrace field piece is pushed to be flat by a bulldozer, so that each terrace field piece is horizontal and is connected with a channel;
s6, digging a pit and turning soil; for horizontal fields and slow sloping fields, digging pits and turning soil by using a rooter, wherein the depth is 1.3 m; for the acute sloping field, a rooter is used for digging a pit and turning soil, and the depth is 0.8 m; for the terrace field, a rooter is used for digging a pit and turning soil, and the depth is 1 m; before turning soil, collecting surface soil of 0.1-0.4 m on the field, and covering the surface soil on the field after turning soil;
s7, fertilizing; when the rooter digs the soil, lime nitrogen is automatically added into the topsoil, straws are automatically buried under the topsoil, and nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and manure are automatically applied to raw soil under the topsoil.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the soil turning machine comprises a vehicle shell 1, a traveling mechanism, an operation chamber and a soil turning mechanism, wherein the traveling mechanism and the operation chamber are both arranged in the vehicle shell 1, the traveling mechanism comprises a motor and wheels, the output end of the motor is connected with the wheels, and the operation chamber is used for controlling the traveling mechanism; the left end of the vehicle shell 1 is provided with a turning plate which can be turned up and down, the soil turning mechanism is arranged at the front end of the vehicle shell 1 and comprises two soil shoveling devices and a soil loosening device. The soil shoveling device comprises a soil shoveling plate 4, the right end of the soil shoveling plate 4 is fixedly arranged at the left end of the soil turning plate 3, the two soil shoveling plates 4 are in a position relation of being parallel up and down, the soil shoveling plates 4 incline towards the left lower side, a hollow cavity 5 is arranged in the soil shoveling plates 4, the upper end faces of the hollow cavities are provided with through grooves, the through grooves are communicated with the hollow cavities 5, two rotating shafts 6 are rotatably connected in the through grooves, rotating wheels 7 are coaxially and fixedly connected to the rotating shafts 6, conveyor belts 8 are wound on the two rotating wheels 7 in a tensioning mode, elastic shifting pieces 9 are fixedly arranged on the outer surfaces of the conveyor belts 8, the elastic shifting pieces 9 are made of rubber, the elastic shifting pieces 9 incline towards the left side, the distance between the two elastic shifting pieces 9 is equal to the length of the elastic shifting pieces 9, the two elastic shifting pieces 9 at the left end and the right. The left side and the right side of the shovel plate 4 are provided with material storage boxes, the material storage boxes are provided with material discharging pipes, the material discharging pipes are communicated with the hollow cavity 5, the material storage box positioned above is filled with lime nitrogen, and the material storage box positioned below is filled with nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and manure. The right part of shovel native board 4 is equipped with leaks native groove 10, leaks native groove 10 and runs through shovel native board 4 in vertical direction, and the shovel 4 bottom that is located the top is equipped with swash plate 11, and the upper end of swash plate 11 and the left end rigid coupling that leaks native groove 10 turn over native board 3 and go up the level and offer logical groove of having the level, and swash plate 11 passes the logical groove of level, and swash plate 11 inclines down right and its right-hand member is located the right-hand member of turning over native board 3. The soil loosening device comprises a vibration motor 12 and a vibration block 13, wherein the vibration motor 12 is arranged on the lower end face of the soil shoveling plate 4, the output end of the vibration motor 12 faces downwards, and the vibration block 13 is fixedly connected to the output end of the vibration motor 12. The right side of the soil turning plate 3 is fixedly provided with a storage box, straws are arranged in the storage box, the bottom of the storage box is provided with an opening, and the storage box is positioned below the inclined plate 11.
When the rooter uses, open the rooter in the field, operation rooter board 3 stirs downwards, make shovel native board 4 insert in earth, then drive the rooter and move forward, because shovel native board 4 inserts in earth, so when the rooter removes, shovel native board 4 shovels the upper surface of shovel native board 4 with earth gradually, and at this in-process, it can promote earth on the right to be located the earth on the left, can drive elasticity plectrum 9 when earth moves to the right, conveyer belt 8 moves to the right. During nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer etc. in the storage box can fall into hollow cavity 5 through the discharging pipe, on elasticity plectrum 9 can take the fertilizer in the hollow cavity 5 to shovel native board 4 when the hollow cavity 5, fertilizer mixes with earth again, and earth leaks and falls in the field from leaking soil groove 10 again at last.
The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention and common general knowledge of known specific structures and features of the embodiments is not described herein in any greater detail. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent.
Claims (4)
1. A method for organically renovating the land in hilly and mountainous areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, measuring the slope, namely measuring the slope of the land to be regulated, wherein the slope is 0-5 degrees and is divided into horizontal fields, the slope is 5-10 degrees and is divided into gentle slope fields, the slope is 10-15 degrees and is divided into rapid slope fields, and the slope is 15-25 degrees and is divided into terrace fields;
s2, cleaning gravels, and cleaning and collecting the gravels in the ground;
s3, detaching the field ridge and filling the ditch; dismantling a field ridge for separating the land and filling a ditch arranged in the land;
s4, building a channel; constructing a channel for large-scale mechanical equipment to pass through along one side of the width direction of the land, wherein the width of the channel is 3-4 m;
s5, field layout; for a horizontal field, an excavator and a bulldozer are used for pushing the horizontal field to be flat, the gradient of the horizontal field is 0 degree, the horizontal field is divided into a plurality of strip-shaped horizontal field pieces along the length direction of the horizontal field, the length of each horizontal field piece is more than 100m, the width of each horizontal field piece is more than 30m, and each horizontal field piece is connected with a channel; for the gentle slope field, dividing the gentle slope field into a plurality of gentle slope field blocks along the length direction of the gentle slope field, wherein the length of each gentle slope field block is greater than 80m, the width of each gentle slope field block is greater than 30m, and each gentle slope field block is connected with a channel; for the steep hillside fields, dividing the steep hillside fields into a plurality of steep hillside fields along the length direction of the steep hillside fields, wherein the length of each steep hillside field is more than 65m, the width of each steep hillside field is more than 25m, and each steep hillside field is connected with a channel; for the terrace field, dividing the terrace field into a plurality of terrace field pieces along the length direction of the terrace field, wherein the length of the terrace field pieces is more than 50m, the width of the terrace field pieces is more than 25m, each terrace field piece is pushed to be flat by a bulldozer, and each terrace field piece is connected with a channel;
s6, digging a pit and turning soil; for horizontal fields and gentle slope fields, digging and turning the pits by using a rooter, wherein the digging and turning depth is less than 1.5 m; for the acute sloping field, a rooter is used for digging and turning the pit, and the digging and turning depth is less than 1 m; for the terrace fields, a rooter is used for digging and turning the pit, and the digging and turning depth is less than 1.2 m; before turning soil, collecting surface soil of 0.1-0.5 m on the field, and covering the surface soil on the field after turning soil; the soil turning machine comprises a vehicle shell, a soil turning mechanism, a traveling mechanism and an operation chamber, wherein the traveling mechanism and the operation chamber are arranged in the vehicle shell; the left end of the vehicle shell is provided with a turning plate which can be turned up and down, the soil turning mechanism is arranged at the front end of the vehicle shell and comprises two soil shoveling devices and a soil loosening device; the soil shoveling device comprises a soil shoveling plate, the right end of the soil shoveling plate is fixedly arranged at the left end of the soil turning plate, the two soil shoveling plates are in a position relation of being parallel up and down, the soil shoveling plate inclines towards the lower left, a hollow cavity is arranged in the soil shoveling plate, a through groove is formed in the upper end face of the soil shoveling plate and is communicated with the hollow cavity, two rotating shafts are rotatably connected in the through groove, rotating wheels are coaxially and fixedly connected to the rotating shafts, conveying belts are wound on the two rotating wheels in a tensioning mode, elastic shifting pieces are fixedly arranged on the outer surfaces of the conveying belts, and the elastic shifting pieces incline towards; the left side and the right side of the shovel plate are provided with storage boxes, the storage boxes are provided with discharge pipes, the discharge pipes are communicated with the hollow cavity, the storage box positioned above is filled with lime nitrogen, and the storage box positioned below is filled with nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and manure; the right part of the soil shoveling plate is provided with a soil leaking groove, the soil leaking groove penetrates through the soil shoveling plate in the vertical direction, the bottom of the soil shoveling plate positioned above the soil shoveling plate is provided with an inclined plate, the upper end of the inclined plate is fixedly connected with the left end of the soil leaking groove, a horizontal through groove is horizontally formed in the soil turning plate, the inclined plate penetrates through the horizontal through groove, the inclined plate inclines downwards to the right, and the right end of the inclined plate is positioned at the right end of the soil turning; the soil loosening device comprises a vibration motor and a vibration block, the vibration motor is arranged on the lower end face of the soil shoveling plate, the output end of the vibration motor faces downwards, and the vibration block is fixedly connected to the output end of the vibration motor;
s7, fertilizing; the cured soil is fertilized in time by green manure planting, straw returning or livestock manure.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises: and S4, paving channels by using the gravel collected in S2, and paving by using pseudo-ginseng gray soil after paving the gravel.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises: at S5, the slope of the hillside fields is reduced to 15 ° or less by using a bulldozer.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises: in S5, the length of the horizontal field is 500 m.
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| CN110178474A (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2019-08-30 | 西南大学 | Hilly area field building method |
| CN115204547B (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2023-09-26 | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 | Hilly mountain area cultivated land mechanized determination method based on high-resolution remote sensing image |
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