CN111021375A - Recovery and treatment method for mine geological environment - Google Patents
Recovery and treatment method for mine geological environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN111021375A CN111021375A CN201911304931.XA CN201911304931A CN111021375A CN 111021375 A CN111021375 A CN 111021375A CN 201911304931 A CN201911304931 A CN 201911304931A CN 111021375 A CN111021375 A CN 111021375A
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- geological environment
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D19/00—Keeping dry foundation sites or other areas in the ground
- E02D19/06—Restraining of underground water
- E02D19/10—Restraining of underground water by lowering level of ground water
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/10—Collecting-tanks; Equalising-tanks for regulating the run-off; Laying-up basins
Abstract
The invention discloses a recovery and treatment method for a mine geological environment, and belongs to the technical field of geological environment restoration. The mine geological environment recovery treatment method comprises the following steps: carrying out slope cutting treatment on a side slope with a slope angle of more than 30 degrees of a pit in the treatment area, forming a slope cutting platform on the side slope, and collecting stones obtained by the slope cutting treatment; backfilling the bottom of the mining pit in the treatment area by using the stone collected in the step S1 as a backfill material to form a flat land; and filling foreign soil on the flat land and the slope cutting platform to form a covering soil layer, and planting green plants on the covering soil layer. The invention adopts the modes of slope cutting and pit backfilling to the pit of the treatment area, forms a slope cutting platform on the slope, forms a flat land at the bottom of the pit, utilizes the slope cutting platform and the flat land, plants greening plants, can shade the rock wall of the slope, and can obtain the maximum greening area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geological environment restoration, in particular to a mine geological environment recovery treatment method.
Background
After mining, a plurality of mining pits or mining working faces can be left, and the mining pits or the mining working faces can cause the problems of unstable slope, exposed rock mass, vegetation deficiency and the like, further cause water and soil loss and biological diversity degradation, and further cause serious unbalance of an ecological system. At present, the geological environment of the mine is generally repaired by a mode of covering vegetation.
The Chinese invention patent with application publication number CN103422509A discloses a mine environment treatment method, which comprises the following steps: slope cutting treatment: surveying geological disasters, and carrying out slope cutting treatment on an unstable slope surface to keep the slope angle less than 70 degrees; danger elimination: removing the hidden danger of geological disasters, and carrying out basic work before slope cleaning, slope finishing and greening; hanging a net: hanging a plurality of galvanized iron wire nets on the slope, and overlapping and fixing adjacent galvanized iron wire nets; and (3) fixing the net: fixing the galvanized wire netting on the slope surface by using a wood wedge; spraying and seeding a base material: spraying and seeding a base material for mine greening on the slope surface after the net is hung, wherein the spraying and seeding thickness of the base material is 12-15 cm; covering a net: covering a sunshade net on the slope surface after the base material is sprayed; and (5) maintenance: and (4) manually maintaining for one year, removing the sunshade net, and then continuing manually maintaining for one and a half years, wherein the plants naturally grow, and the mine is completed in a green-restoring way. The spray-seeding base material comprises: 10-20kg of soil, 15-20g of cement, 10-15g of viscose, 25-35g of water-retaining agent, 1-3kg of plant grass fiber, 40-60g of silica, 25-35g of perlite, 100 g of mineral powder, 15-20g of farmyard compost and 20-25g of plant seeds. The plant seeds include woody leguminous plants, woody evergreen trees, woody landscape evergreen shrubs and medic alfalfa.
The method adopts slope cutting and risk elimination to eliminate hidden dangers of geological disasters, then a galvanized wire mesh is hung on the slope surface, then the base material is sprayed, soil in the base material is attached to the surface of the side slope under the action of cement and viscose, plant seeds in the base material germinate and grow into vegetation, and the greening of the side slope is realized. However, in the method, the spray-seeding base material is spray-seeded on the rock surface of the side slope, and is not easy to fix, although galvanized iron wire nets exist, plants can only grow in a thin soil layer adhered to the surface of the rock, cannot grow into the rock, are easy to fall off, the recovery and treatment effect of the mine environment is reduced, and the retention time after recovery and treatment is short.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a mine geological environment recovery treatment method, which prolongs the time for maintaining the mine geological environment recovery effect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a mine geological environment recovery treatment method comprises the following steps:
s1. side slope cleaning
Carrying out slope cutting treatment on a slope with the angle of more than 30 degrees of a pit in the treatment area, forming a slope cutting platform on the slope, and collecting stones obtained by the slope cutting treatment;
s2. backfill
Backfilling the bottom of the mining pit in the treatment area by using the stone collected in the step S1 as a backfill material to form a flat land;
s3, earthing and greening
And filling foreign soil on the flat land and the slope cutting platform to form a covering soil layer, and planting green plants on the covering soil layer.
By adopting the technical scheme, the mining pit side slope in the treatment area of the mine geology is cut firstly, and the cut slope platform formed after slope cutting can be planted in an earthing mode. And backfilling the stone obtained by slope cutting to the bottom of the pit, and then obtaining a flat block land on the pit bottom after backfilling the pit bottom, wherein the flat block land can also be subjected to soil covering planting. The area of the pit bottom can be increased by backfilling the stone obtained by slope cutting to the pit bottom, so that the obtained flat block land area is larger, the area capable of being planted and greened is larger, and the input-output ratio is improved. When planting the afforestation plant on the overburden, preferred afforestation plant is the arbor, plants the arbor after, and tall and big arbor can fully shelter from the exposed cliff on the side slope after cutting the slope, promotes the afforestation effect.
The invention is further configured to: and S1, before slope cutting, removing dangerous rock masses at the top of the mining pit side slope, and combining the rock masses obtained by removing the dangerous rock masses and the rock masses obtained by slope cutting to be used as backfill in the step S2.
By adopting the technical scheme, dangerous rock masses on the side slope are removed before slope cutting treatment, so that the potential danger of rock mass collapse is eliminated. And dangerous rock masses are cleared before slope cutting, so that the width of the cut slope is determined, and the width of the cut slope platform is further determined. The dangerous rock mass is removed, the damage is eliminated, the collapse rock material is prevented from damaging the flat block land, and the area of the flat block land is ensured not to be lost.
The invention is further configured to: and S1, collecting slag in the treatment area, and combining the collected slag with stone obtained by slope cutting and stone obtained by removing dangerous rock mass to be used as backfill in the step S2.
By adopting the technical scheme, the slag is collected and backfilled to the bottom of the mining pit, on one hand, the land covered by the slag in the treatment area is cleared away, and on the other hand, the slag is backfilled to the bottom of the mining pit, so that the area of the flat block land formed after the bottom of the mining pit is filled is increased.
The invention is further configured to: in the step S1, slope cutting is performed in a step mode from top to bottom, and the height difference of two adjacent slope cutting platforms is 5-20 m; the width of the slope cutting platform is 2-5 m.
By adopting the technical scheme, the slope is cut in a step mode, slope cutting platforms are formed at intervals of a certain height of the side slope, plants are planted on each slope cutting platform, and the rock wall of the side slope after slope cutting can be shielded to a large extent. The height difference of two adjacent slope cutting platforms is set to be 5-20m, so that the side slope rock wall can be shielded as far as possible after arbors are planted, the quantity of the slope cutting platforms built on the side slope is small, and the construction cost is reduced.
The invention is further configured to: and in the step S2, filling the pit footrill with backfill before backfilling the bottom of the pit.
By adopting the technical scheme, the footrill for pit mining is filled, so that the phenomenon that the side slope collapses due to the collapse of the footrill in the later period, the side slope is damaged, the land is leveled, the afforestation can be ensured to grow on the firmer rock base, and the persistence of the afforestation effect is improved.
The invention is further configured to: the mining geological environment recovery treatment method further comprises the steps of excavating scale planting pits on a side slope which is not larger than 30 degrees of the mining pits in the treatment area, filling foreign soil in the scale planting pits to form a covering soil layer, and planting green plants on the covering soil layer.
By adopting the technical scheme, all the side slopes in the treatment area are treated and greened, the side slopes with the slope angles larger than 30 degrees are greened by adopting the method, and the side slopes with the slope angles not larger than 30 degrees are planted by digging fish scale pits. Because on the side slope of slope angle no greater than 30 if adopt the mode of cutting the slope, the construction volume is very big, adopts the mode of fish scale hole planting, and the construction volume is less, and no matter plant arbor or plant the bush in the fish scale hole, afforest the effect and all also better.
The invention is further configured to: step S3, after the foreign soil is filled, a reservoir is built in the treatment area, and then irrigation pipelines are laid; lay irrigation pipe including laying the trunk line that links to each other with the cistern and laying a plurality of branch pipelines that link to each other with the trunk line, the one end that the trunk line was kept away from to the branch pipeline extends to and smoothes on block ground treat planting area and the slope cutting platform.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, because the side slope of the step that forms behind the side slope cut slope and the structure of platform, the retaining is comparatively difficult, builds the cistern, can collect natural precipitation, and then waters the plant on the platform through irrigation conduit, has guaranteed the growth effect after its maintenance phase, and to adopting the level and flat block ground of hole bottom, the cistern also is favorable to collecting precipitation at ordinary times, and irrigate the level and flat block ground in the period of lack of water, guarantees greening plant's growth effect.
The invention is further configured to: the reservoir is built on a flat block ground backfilled at the bottom of the mining pit; a land block drainage system is also built on the flat land block, and comprises an outer drainage channel built along the slope toe of the side slope and an inner drainage channel connected with the outer drainage channel and extending to the middle part of the flat land block; the outer drainage channel is connected with the reservoir.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, because level and smooth block ground is in adopting the pit bottom, the precipitation on the slope all can converge to level and smooth block ground on every side, if not carry out the drainage to the precipitation that collects, then erode level and smooth block very easily, cause level and smooth block to be destroyed. Set up drainage system on leveling the piece ground to link to each other with the cistern, can collect precipitation to the cistern in, be convenient for provide the water source when needs are irrigated.
The invention is further configured to: step S3, after filling foreign soil, constructing a slope drainage system, wherein the slope drainage system comprises a drainage groove and a platform drainage channel, the platform drainage channel is constructed on one side, close to the slope after slope cutting, of the slope cutting platform, the drainage groove comprises a slope drainage groove extending from top to bottom along the slope surface of the slope after slope cutting and a platform drainage groove constructed on the slope cutting platform and extending outwards from one side close to the slope, the platform drainage groove is connected with the slope drainage groove, and the platform drainage channel is connected with the platform drainage groove; the slope drainage groove close to the flat land is connected with an outer drainage channel on the flat land.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, owing to have a large amount of precipitation to leave on the side slope when precipitation, if not construct side slope drainage system, then the overwhelming majority area of whole side slope all can become the surface of water, and precipitation will be washed away the planting region on the slope cutting platform, destroys the vegetation, has reduced the effect that geological environment resumes. The invention builds the platform drainage channel, the slope drainage channel and the platform drainage channel, is connected with the outer drainage channel of the flat land parcel, can smoothly collect the precipitation on the side slope to the outer drainage channel, and further flows back to the reservoir, thereby not only preventing the precipitation from scouring vegetation on the slope cutting platform, but also increasing the water quantity in the reservoir and providing sufficient water source for later irrigation.
The invention is further configured to: the main pipeline is laid in an outer drainage channel of a flat land, and the branch pipelines are laid in the inner drainage channel, a slope drainage groove and a platform drainage groove.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, under the general condition, the pipeline of irrigating all takes to bury the underground mode, and the construction volume is very big, when appearing the pipeline damage or blockking up, need dig the bottom surface and maintain moreover, and is very inconvenient. The pipeline is laid in the inner drainage channel, the slope drainage groove and the platform drainage groove, so that the engineering quantity of excavation during pipeline laying is avoided, the construction cost and time are saved, and the pipeline is very convenient to maintain when the pipeline is damaged or blocked.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
firstly, the invention adopts the modes of slope cutting and pit backfilling to the pit of the treatment area, a slope cutting platform is formed on the slope, a flat block land is formed at the bottom of the pit, then the slope cutting platform and the flat block land are utilized to plant greening plants, the rock wall of the slope can be shielded, and the maximum greening area can be obtained.
Secondly, the invention adopts a mode of backfilling the pit after slope cutting, and no matter a slope cutting platform formed on the side slope or a flat block land formed at the bottom of the pit is adopted, after planting greening plants, the side slope and the bottom of the pit can be ensured to be in a very stable state, vegetation falling or damage of a planting area can not occur, and the greening effect is very good in persistence.
Thirdly, the invention further builds a water storage tank and a drainage system, can collect the rainfall in the treatment area and provides irrigation water sources for the green area. In addition, the invention also builds an irrigation pipeline, can utilize the rainfall collected by the reservoir, saves the irrigation cost and ensures the vegetation in the green area to grow well.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
In the mining geological environment recovery treatment method, the slope angle of the side slope after slope cutting in the step S1 is 70-90 degrees. The slope cutting treatment is to cut the slope of the slope from top to bottom in sections, and a slope cutting platform is formed between two adjacent sections.
The size of the backfill in step S2 is not greater than 30 cm. And step S2, filling the pit footrill and sealing. The sealing is made of mortar rubble. And backfilling the bottom of the mining pit by the residual backfill materials after the footrill is filled. Preferably, the stones obtained by removing the dangerous rock bodies and the stones obtained by slope cutting treatment are combined to be used as backfill materials. Preferably, the collected slag, the stone obtained by slope cutting and the stone obtained by removing the dangerous rock are combined to be used as backfill, and the combination of the collected slag, the stone obtained by slope cutting and the stone obtained by removing the dangerous rock is used as backfill after the collected slag, the collected stone obtained by slope cutting and the stone obtained by removing the dangerous rock are uniformly mixed.
Before or after the foreign soil is filled in the step S3, the retaining wall is built on the flat land and the periphery of the slope cutting platform. The height of the retaining wall is not less than the height of the soil covering layer. The expansion joint that is provided with the vertical setting of a plurality of on the retaining wall, expansion joint along retaining wall length direction interval distribution. The width of the expansion joint is 20-30 cm. The expansion joint is filled with a template and asphalt. And a drain pipe penetrates through the retaining wall, and the two ends of the drain pipe are exposed out of the retaining wall by 50-110 mm. The drain pipe exposes the inboard one end of retaining wall and goes up the parcel and have the filter screen. The thickness of the soil covering layer in the step S3 is 1.0-1.2 m. The height of the retaining wall is 1.2-1.5 m. In step S3, the greening plant is a tree.
Example 1
The mine geological environment recovery treatment method comprises the following steps:
1) topography reconnaissance
To riverAnd (3) carrying out topographic survey, field investigation and statistical analysis on the NGZ area to be treated on one side of the BSK town expressway in GY city of southern province. NGZ area of the area to be treated is 0.133km according to the measurement and analysis results2The area required for treatment is about 8.505hm2Wherein the total area of the pit 10 is 79000m2(ii) a The total number of dangerous rock masses formed on the wall of the mining pit is 8, and the total volume is about 3854m3(ii) a 33 slag heaps piled up everywhere in the pit, and the occupied area is 6918m2Total volume is 24103m3(ii) a The abandoned adit cave mouth 11 is left by mining Ordovician limestone, the height of the cave mouth is 3-15m, the width is 4-6m, the depth is about 2-7m, and the deeper cave mouth is 7.
2) Cleaning steep slope
And (3) removing dangerous rock masses at the top of the high and steep slope with the slope angle larger than 30 degrees in the area to be treated, and collecting the removed rock masses, wherein the removed dangerous rock masses mainly comprise unstable stones and piled pumice on the slope.
After dangerous rock mass is cleared away at the top of the side slope, the side slope is subjected to step type slope cutting treatment from top to bottom. The slope bedrocks have high weathering degree and rock mass is broken. During step type slope cutting treatment, slope cutting is started from the top, and after the slope cutting treatment, a first slope cutting platform is formed on the side slope and is about 3-5m in width. Then, the next slope is subjected to slope cutting treatment, and a second slope cutting platform is formed. After slope cutting, the width of the first slope cutting platform is changed into 2-4 m. The height difference between the two slope cutting platforms is 5-10m, and generally about 8m is preferred. The top dangerous rock mass of the side slope can be cleared away and the slope cutting treatment can be carried out by adopting an excavator and an impact hammer, and the unstable rock mass and the pumice stone on the side slope can be cleared away by adopting a rope-tied artificial steel chisel. The side slope after the clearing treatment is smooth as a whole, and the slope surface is smooth and stable.
The rock material removed from the dangerous rock mass is controlled to be not more than 30 cm. And the stones obtained by removing the dangerous rock masses and cutting the slope are collected to the bottom site of the mining pit of the area to be treated and stacked, and the stones obtained by cutting the slope and the stones obtained by removing the dangerous rock masses are stacked separately.
3) Slag heap cleaning
And collecting slag accumulated in the treatment area, conveying the slag to a site at the bottom of the mining pit for stacking, and leveling the ground after the slag is conveyed away.
4) Backfilling
The open caisson on the wall of the mining pit is filled with stones obtained by removing and slope cutting dangerous rock bodies and slag in the bottom site of the mining pit, and during filling, the stones obtained by removing the dangerous rock bodies and the slag obtained by slope cutting are mixed and filled, specifically, the stones obtained by removing the dangerous rock bodies, the stones obtained by slope cutting and the slag are sequentially filled in a staggered manner or the stones, the stones and the slag are mixed and then filled, so that stones and sand with different sizes are mixed, a larger gap is prevented from being left between the stones, and the stability of the filling material is improved.
After the adit is filled, the cave opening is plugged, specifically, a wall is built by using grouted rubble and M10-grade cement mortar, the width of the wall top is about 2M, the width of the wall bottom is larger than that of the wall top, and the height of the adit opening and the height of the wall can be determined.
And (3) leveling the residual stone and slag of the site filling adit on site, backfilling the bottom of the mining pit, wherein the slope of the leveled site is 5 degrees, and the lower side of the leveled site faces to an outlet of the mining pit. In other embodiments, the bottom of the mining pit can be directly backfilled without backfilling the footrill.
5) Building retaining wall
And building a retaining wall on the outer side of the site and the outer side of the slope cutting platform after the bottom of the mining pit is backfilled to be flat, wherein the retaining wall is a gravity type slurry block stone wall and has the strength of M10. The wall height is 1.2m, sets up an expansion joint along length direction every 15m, and the expansion joint width is 20mm, and the expansion joint packs plank and pitch.
Set up a set of drain pipe respectively near upper and lower both ends department in the retaining wall, each group's drain pipe is along retaining wall length extending direction evenly spaced apart distribution, and the interval between two adjacent drain pipes is 3 m. Each drain pipe passes through the thickness direction of the retaining wall, the two ends of each drain pipe are 50-110mm away from the wall, and the exposed end in the wall is bound by three layers of filter screens to prevent the drain pipes from being blocked. The specification of the drain pipe is DN75, and the included angle between the drain pipe and the horizontal direction is 12 degrees.
6) Building water storage irrigation system
And constructing a reservoir on a flat block ground after the bottom of the mining pit is backfilled to be flat, wherein the size of the reservoir is 6 x 6m, the inner wall of the reservoir is of a stone masonry structure, the thickness of the inner wall of the reservoir is 0.5m, the depth of the inner wall of the reservoir is 3.5m, and the mouth of the reservoir is flush with the ground.
Lay irrigation pipe, irrigation pipe includes trunk line and the small transfer line who links to each other with the trunk line, and trunk line one end connects the high-pressure pump, is connected with the diesel engine on the high-pressure pump, draws water from the cistern by the high-pressure pump and gets into the trunk line, then gets into the small transfer line. The branch pipelines comprise branch pipelines entering the land parcel and branch pipelines entering the slope cutting platform. And a plurality of branch pipes are connected to the branch pipelines which are introduced into the land mass for water outlet irrigation, and the branch pipes are provided with manual valves. And a branch pipeline leading into the slope cutting platform is connected with a sprinkling irrigation system for sprinkling irrigation on the small plots. The main pipeline is a phi 110 UPVC pipe, and the branch pipelines are phi 63DeUPVC pipes. The total length of the main pipeline is 190m, and the total length of the branch pipelines is 1835 m. The buried depth of the main pipeline is 0.8m, and the buried depth of the branch pipelines is 0.6 m.
7) Covering soil
And covering soil on the flat block land, the slope cutting platform and other block lands in the treatment area after the bottom of the mining pit is backfilled to be flat, wherein the soil source of the covered soil is the foreign soil, and the thickness of the covered soil is 1.0-1.2 m. During soil covering, soil is filled into the soil layer, the soil layer is spread out, the crawler-type tractor is used for rolling twice, then the soil is filled into the first layer, the soil layer is spread out, the crawler-type tractor is used for rolling twice, and the thickness of each layer is about 50 cm.
8) Building road and water channel
And constructing a main road at the bottom of the mining pit, wherein the width of the main road is 3.5m, and the thickness of the main road is 20 cm. The main road is three layers: the stone ballast roadbed, the lime-soil cushion layer and the concrete pavement are marked by the concrete number C30, the concrete pavement is provided with transverse deformation joints with the spacing of 5m and the depth of 7cm, and cutting seams are formed by a cutting machine. One side of the main road is provided with a main road drainage channel.
And then 1-3 field roads with proper length are built on the two sides of the main road according to the size of the land parcel after soil covering, wherein the field roads are mud-bonded gravel roads, the width of the field roads is 2-3m, and the thickness of the field roads is 10 cm. The field road building material is mud stone: the broken stone accounts for 88 percent, and the clay accounts for 12 percent. The road in the field slightly inclines from the middle to two sides, and the inclination is 4%. And a bridge is built at one end, close to the main road, of the field road on one side of the main road where the main road drainage channel is built, and is arranged above the main road drainage channel in a crossing manner.
Besides building a water channel on one side of the road, an outer drainage channel is built on the lower side of the rock wall around the block, and the outer drainage channel is communicated with the main road drainage channel, so that rainwater can be conveniently and intensively drained. In addition, a plurality of inner drainage channels connected with the outer drainage channels are arranged according to the size of the flat block land backfilled at the bottom of the mining pit, and the inner drainage channels extend to the middle of the flat block land to timely discharge the rainfall in the flat block land.
And constructing a slope drainage system on the slope after slope cutting and the slope cutting platform, wherein the slope drainage system comprises a drainage groove and a platform drainage channel, and the platform drainage channel is constructed on one side, close to the slope after slope cutting, of the slope cutting platform so as to intercept and collect rainfall flowing down along the slope surface of the slope. The water drainage groove comprises a slope water drainage groove extending from top to bottom along the slope of the slope after slope cutting and a platform water drainage groove which is built on the slope cutting platform and extends outwards from one side close to the slope, the outward end of the platform water drainage groove is connected with the top end of the slope water drainage groove at the adjacent lower part, and the inward end of the platform water drainage groove is connected with the bottom end of the slope water drainage groove at the upper part. The platform drainage channel is connected with the platform drainage groove, the rainfall intercepted in the platform drainage channel is drained to the platform drainage groove, and then downward confluence is carried out along the slope drainage groove and the platform drainage groove at the lower part. The slope drainage groove close to the leveling land is connected with an outer drainage channel on the leveling land so as to collect the precipitation collected on the slope and the slope cutting platform into the reservoir through the outer drainage channel.
When the main pipeline and the branch pipeline need to pass through the road and the drainage channel, the steel sleeve is embedded in the road, and the main pipeline or the branch pipeline passes through the steel sleeve.
9) Greening
Leveling the soil covered bottom of the pit, digging a tree pit, spreading fertilizer on the periphery of the bottom of the tree pit, and planting tree seeds. Watering is carried out once a day within three days after planting.
The planted tree species are locust, torch tree and arborvitae, and the number ratio of the three is 8:4: 3. The three kinds of tree species are planted in staggered rows in sequence on the same land or one kind of tree species is planted in each land. During specific construction, shrubs can be planted among planted tree species to play a role in keeping water and soil.
According to experimental analysis of soil samples of a soil source, the soil in the treatment area is lack of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, so that 40g of compound fertilizer is scattered on each tree before planting, and the compound fertilizer is scattered on the periphery of the bottom of a tree pit and far away from a trunk.
10) Maintaining
The maintenance period is one year, and the water for maintenance is the water well of village. Watering for 1 time every day in the first three days after planting, watering for 1 time every 3 days in the 4 th to 9 th days, and watering for 7 times every 10 days in the 10 th to 30 th days, so that the survival rate of the planted plants is ensured. In the second to fourth months, the water was applied 1 time every 20 days, and 1 time every month thereafter. The watering amount can be determined according to soil and rainfall conditions, generally, 20kg of arbors are watered every time, and 15kg of shrubs are watered every square meter. 6903 trees and shrubs of 170m are planted in the treatment area2Water 2812.2t was used altogether.
The treatment area is treated according to the method, the pit is adopted at 27 positions, and the land is leveled to 12.787hm215987 plant of greening seed tree, 1647.2m for road repair, 5227.4m for drainage channel and drainage groove, and 6.743hm for cultivated land2Forest land 9.479hm2。
Example 2
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that the irrigation pipe is not buried, but the irrigation pipe is installed in the drainage channel and the drainage groove. Specifically, lay the trunk line in the outer drainage canal of leveling the land, lay the branch pipe in the interior drainage canal, domatic sluicing groove and the platform sluicing groove of leveling the land, the work load that has significantly reduced also is convenient for maintain the pipeline of jam.
The method of the embodiment is adopted to treat the DFC to-be-treated area on one side of the BSK town expressway in GY city in Henan province. The area of the treatment area is 0.12km2The main geological environment problem of the mine is that a mining pit 10 is arranged in the mine, and the total area is 20900m218 slag heaps piled everywhere in the pit are mostly irregular, and the total occupied pressure area is 3510m2Affecting the landform environment around the highway.
Adopt this realityAfter the treatment by the method of the embodiment, the waste slag heap 18 is cleaned, the pit 10 is treated, and the land is leveled to 1.544hm2The afforestation seed tree 2607, road building 207m, drainage ditch building 421.3m and retaining wall building 838.7m, and the treated forest land forms 1.136hm2No cultivated land is formed.
Example 3
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that for the side slope with the slope angle not greater than 30 degrees, the fish scale planting pits are dug on the side slope, the plant spacing of the fish scale planting pits is 2.0m, and the row spacing is 3.0 m. And filling foreign soil in the fish scale planting pits to form a covering soil layer, and then planting shrubs or trees on the covering soil layer.
The method of the embodiment is adopted to treat the DFC to-be-treated area on one side of the BSK town expressway in GY city in Henan province. The area of the treatment area is 0.167km2The total area of the pit 22 is 92100m2The total volume of the dangerous rock 26 formed by the wall of the mining pit is 18642m3And 10 large slag piles are piled at each position in the pit.
After the method of the embodiment is adopted for treatment, the dangerous rock 26 position, the waste slag pile 10 position, the pit mining treatment 22 position are cleaned, and the land is leveled by 6.547hm2Planting trees 8298, repairing road 677m, repairing drainage ditch 3206m, repairing retaining wall 2283.1m, forming forest land 4.355hm after treatment2No cultivated land is formed.
Claims (10)
1. A mine geological environment recovery treatment method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1. side slope cleaning
Carrying out slope cutting treatment on a side slope with a slope angle of more than 30 degrees of a pit in the treatment area, forming a slope cutting platform on the side slope, and collecting stones obtained by the slope cutting treatment;
s2. backfill
Backfilling the bottom of the mining pit in the treatment area by using the stone collected in the step S1 as a backfill material to form a flat land;
s3, earthing and greening
And filling foreign soil on the flat land and the slope cutting platform to form a covering soil layer, and planting green plants on the covering soil layer.
2. The mine geological environment recovery governance method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and S1, before slope cutting, removing dangerous rock masses at the top of the mining pit side slope, and combining the rock masses obtained by removing the dangerous rock masses and the rock masses obtained by slope cutting to be used as backfill in the step S2.
3. The mine geological environment recovery governance method according to claim 2, characterized in that: and S1, collecting slag in the treatment area, and combining the collected slag with stone obtained by slope cutting and stone obtained by removing dangerous rock mass to be used as backfill in the step S2.
4. The mine geological environment recovery governance method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S1, slope cutting is performed in a step mode from top to bottom, and the height difference of two adjacent slope cutting platforms is 5-20 m; the width of the slope cutting platform is 2-5 m.
5. The mine geological environment recovery governance method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the step S2, filling the pit footrill with backfill before backfilling the bottom of the pit.
6. The mine geological environment recovery governance method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mining geological environment recovery treatment method further comprises the steps of excavating scale planting pits on side slopes with the slope angle of the mining pits not larger than 30 degrees in the treatment area, filling foreign soil in the scale planting pits to form a covering soil layer, and planting greening plants on the covering soil layer.
7. The mine geological environment recovery and treatment method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the following steps: step S3, after the foreign soil is filled, a reservoir is built in the treatment area, and then irrigation pipelines are laid; lay irrigation pipe including laying the trunk line that links to each other with the cistern and laying a plurality of branch pipelines that link to each other with the trunk line, the one end that the trunk line was kept away from to the branch pipeline extends to and smoothes on block ground treat planting area and the slope cutting platform.
8. The mine geological environment recovery governance method according to claim 7, characterized in that: the reservoir is built on a flat block ground backfilled at the bottom of the mining pit; a land block drainage system is also built on the flat land block, and comprises an outer drainage channel built along the slope toe of the side slope and an inner drainage channel connected with the outer drainage channel and extending to the middle part of the flat land block; the outer drainage channel is connected with the reservoir.
9. The mine geological environment recovery governance method according to claim 8, characterized in that: step S3, after filling foreign soil, constructing a slope drainage system, wherein the slope drainage system comprises a drainage groove and a platform drainage channel, the platform drainage channel is constructed on one side, close to the slope after slope cutting, of the slope cutting platform, the drainage groove comprises a slope drainage groove extending from top to bottom along the slope surface of the slope after slope cutting and a platform drainage groove constructed on the slope cutting platform and extending outwards from one side close to the slope, the platform drainage groove is connected with the slope drainage groove, and the platform drainage channel is connected with the platform drainage groove; the slope drainage groove close to the flat land is connected with an outer drainage channel on the flat land.
10. The mine geological environment recovery governance method according to claim 9, characterized in that: the main pipeline is laid in an outer drainage channel of a flat land, and the branch pipelines are laid in the inner drainage channel, a slope drainage groove and a platform drainage groove.
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