CN113718711A - Anti-scouring water and soil conservation slope protection structure and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Anti-scouring water and soil conservation slope protection structure and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113718711A CN113718711A CN202111088240.8A CN202111088240A CN113718711A CN 113718711 A CN113718711 A CN 113718711A CN 202111088240 A CN202111088240 A CN 202111088240A CN 113718711 A CN113718711 A CN 113718711A
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- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
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- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
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Abstract
The invention provides an anti-scouring water and soil conservation slope protection structure and a construction method thereof, wherein the water and soil conservation slope protection structure comprises a catch basin arranged at the top of a slope body, a composite stratum, a water guiding basin and a water stopping device arranged on an inclined plane of the slope body, and a retaining wall and a drainage basin arranged at the bottom of the slope body, wherein the catch basin is arranged close to the inclined plane of the slope body; the retaining wall is arranged close to the slope body inclined surface, the drainage ditch is arranged close to the retaining wall and far away from one side of the slope body inclined surface, the water guide ditch is arranged along the slope body inclined surface from top to bottom, and the lower end of the water guide ditch penetrates through the retaining wall and is communicated with the drainage ditch; the composite stratum is arranged on the intercepting drain, the drainage drain and the slope of the rectangular slope body between two adjacent water guiding drains, and comprises an impermeable layer, a sandstone layer, an erosion-resistant layer and a grass planting layer which are sequentially arranged from bottom to bottom; the water stopper is arranged on the composite stratum along the left-to-right direction. The invention has the advantages of strong anti-scouring capability, waste tire recycling, side slope rolling stone protection and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water and soil conservation, in particular to an anti-scouring water and soil conservation slope protection structure and a construction method thereof.
Background
With the great promotion of engineering construction of oil and gas pipelines, power transmission lines and the like, original structures of rock-soil bodies are disturbed, and a large number of vegetation is damaged, so that water and soil loss of an engineering area is serious. Particularly, in mountainous regions, the influence of slopes is caused, surface runoff erodes the slope surface relatively flatly and strongly, water and soil loss is caused, the stability of the slope is threatened, and geological disasters such as collapse, landslide, debris flow and the like are induced, so that engineering damage and casualties are caused.
At present, the method for water and soil conservation of the side slope is to pave or plant the slope surface. The common paving adopts hexagonal blocks, concrete frames and the like, vegetation can be cultivated in the hollow part of the slope protection member, but the structure has short protection period on the slope surface, the drainage on the slope body is not considered, and the instability of the slope is increased. Furthermore, the slope surface is fully covered by sprayed concrete or masonry, so that the anti-scouring performance of the slope surface can be obviously improved, but the cost is high, and the ecological restoration is not facilitated. The planting is an important implementation mode of ecological slope protection, the slope surface and the slope body are reinforced through the root system of the plant, the main methods comprise direct planting, soil dressing spray seeding, three-dimensional vegetation net spray seeding and the like, and the method is widely applied in recent years. However, in the case of a strongly washed slope, vegetation planted on the slope is washed off at the early growth stage and when the root is not deep, and is difficult to survive.
In addition, the automobile industry in China is rapidly developed, the automobile keeping quantity is increased year by year, and the automobile keeping quantity in China reaches 2.6 hundred million by 2019. Automobile tires are generally changed once in 5 years, so that a large amount of waste tires are urgently needed to be recovered and treated, otherwise, a large area of land space is occupied, and the ecological environment is polluted. However, the waste tires still have the advantages of corrosion resistance, difficult degradation, high strength, high toughness and the like of rubber, and when the waste tires are applied to a slope protection structure, the residual value of the waste tires can be fully utilized, and the cost of slope management engineering is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to address at least one of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art. For example, one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a water and soil conservation slope protection structure which reasonably utilizes waste tires, has strong slope surface scouring resistance and has the function of protecting collapsed rolling stones. For another example, another object of the present invention is to provide a construction method for protecting a slope structure by water and soil, which reasonably utilizes waste tires, has strong erosion resistance on the slope surface, and has protection against collapse and rolling stones and convenient construction.
In order to achieve the above objects, an aspect of the present invention provides an anti-scour soil and water conservation slope protection structure, comprising a cut-off trench provided at the top of a slope body, a composite formation provided on an inclined surface of the slope body, a plurality of water gutters and a plurality of water blockers, and a retaining wall and a drainage trench provided at the bottom of the slope body, wherein the cut-off trench is built at the top of the slope and is arranged along the direction of the slope body; the retaining wall is built at the slope bottom and arranged along the trend of the slope bottom; the drainage ditch is arranged at the bottom of the slope body and positioned on the outer side of the retaining wall; each water guiding ditch in the plurality of water guiding ditches is arranged from top to bottom along the slope of the slope body, the upper ends of the plurality of water guiding ditches are not communicated with the intercepting ditch, and the lower ends of the plurality of water guiding ditches penetrate through the retaining wall and are communicated with the water drainage ditch; the composite stratum is fixedly arranged on the intercepting ditches, the drainage ditches and the inclined planes of the rectangular slope bodies between every two adjacent water guiding ditches, and comprises an impermeable layer, a sandstone layer, an erosion-resistant layer and a grass planting layer which are sequentially arranged from bottom to bottom; the water blocking devices are arranged on the composite stratum and are arranged from left to right, each water blocking device in the water blocking devices comprises a plurality of waste tire sections, an anchor rope, an anchor rod and a connecting piece, wherein the waste tire sections are arranged in parallel and are provided with grooves, one side of each groove faces the composite stratum, two adjacent waste tire sections are connected through the connecting pieces, one end of each anchor rod penetrates through the composite stratum and is fixed with the slope, the other end of each anchor rod is connected with one end, connected with the waste tire section, of the grass planting layer, one end of each anchor rope penetrates through the composite stratum and is fixed with the slope, and the other end of each anchor rope is connected with one end, far away from the grass planting layer, of each waste tire section.
In an exemplary embodiment of an aspect of the present invention, the used tire segments may be radially trisected or bisected from the complete tire.
In an exemplary embodiment of an aspect of the present invention, a distance between the adjacent water chutes may be 20 to 25m, and a distance between the adjacent water stoppers may be 10 to 15 m.
In an exemplary embodiment of one aspect of the present invention, the impermeable layer may be impermeable geotextile, the gravel layer may be loose mixture of silt and gravel, the erosion preventing layer may be three-dimensional vegetation net, and the grass layer may be nutrient soil composed of garden soil, mountain mud, humus and water-retaining agent in proportion.
In an exemplary embodiment of one aspect of the present invention, the thickness of the anti-seepage layer may be 5-7 cm, the thickness of the sand layer may be 5-10 cm, the thickness of the erosion prevention layer may be 10-15 cm, and the thickness of the grass planting layer may be 2-5 cm.
In one exemplary embodiment of an aspect of the present invention, the barrier layer may have a permeability of 10-6m/s～10- 9m/s。
In an exemplary embodiment of an aspect of the present invention, the soil and water conservation slope protection structure may further include a drainage port provided at a position of the water trap near the gutter, the drainage port being capable of draining rainwater collected by the water trap into the gutter.
In an exemplary embodiment of an aspect of the present invention, the water and soil retaining slope protection structure may further include a drain pipe provided through the retaining wall to drain water, which has entered the inside of the gravel layer, into the drain.
The invention also provides a construction method of the anti-scour water and soil conservation slope protection structure, which comprises the following steps: clearing obstacles on the top of the slope, the slope and the bottom of the slope, and respectively excavating and constructing a water intercepting ditch and a drainage ditch on the top of the slope and the bottom of the slope according to design specifications; sequentially laying and compacting the impermeable layer, the sandstone layer, the scour prevention layer and the grass planting layer from bottom to top, and reserving a water stopper mounting groove and a water guide groove according to design specifications in the laying process; a soil wall is poured at the slope bottom, and an outlet of the water guide channel is reserved in the pouring process; constructing a water guide ditch at the reserved position of the slope surface, wherein the water guide ditch is not communicated with the water intercepting ditch at the top of the slope but is connected with the water drainage ditch at the bottom of the slope; and (5) installing a water blocking device at the slope reserved position to finish construction.
In an exemplary embodiment of another aspect of the present invention, the installing the water trap may include the steps of:
embedding the connected waste tires into the mounting groove, fixing the anchor rod in a rock-soil body with a stable slope after penetrating through the bottoms of the waste tires, and tightly attaching the tray of the anchor rod to the inner sides of the waste tires; connecting one end of an anchor cable with the top of the waste tire, anchoring the other end of the anchor cable in a stable rock-soil body on a slope, installing the anchor cables and anchor rods in corresponding quantity according to the required protection strength, wherein the anchor cables and the anchor rods all need to penetrate through an impermeable layer, a sandstone layer, an erosion-resistant layer and a grass planting layer.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention can comprise at least one of the following:
(1) according to the invention, the water blocking device is arranged on the side slope, the side slope is divided into a plurality of rainwater blocking areas, slope runoff can only occur in the blocking areas, the blocked rainwater is guided out of the slope to the drainage ditch through the water guide ditch, and long-distance linear flow on the slope cannot be carried out, so that the scouring effect on water, soil and vegetation of the slope is reduced;
(2) the water stopper is made by connecting waste tires, so that the waste resources are recycled, the cost is low, and the ecological environment is protected;
(3) the water stopper with high protection strength, which comprises a plurality of anchor rods and anchor cables, not only can strengthen the stability of a side slope stratum, but also has a certain function of intercepting collapsed rock on the side slope;
(4) the high-strength slope surface is formed by adopting a composite structure of four artificial strata in total, namely an impermeable layer, a sandstone layer, an erosion-resistant layer and a grass planting layer, so that the erosion resistance of the slope surface is greatly improved; meanwhile, the impermeable layer limits the rainfall from permeating into the slope body, thereby being beneficial to the stability of the whole side slope; the high permeability of the sandstone layer can meet the requirement that rainwater permeating from the slope surface rapidly flows to the slope bottom and reaches a drainage ditch through a drainage pipe; the erosion-resistant layer enables the nutrient soil of the grass planting layer to be more stable;
(5) the water and soil conservation structure is simple to install and convenient to construct, can solve the problems, reasonably utilizes waste tires in the structure, and protects slope collapse rock and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural view of an earth and water retaining revetment structure for scour resistance and rock fall protection according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a front view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 shows a side view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the connection between the used tire segment and the anchor rod in the water stopper of FIG. 1;
fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the connection between the adjacent waste tire segments of the water stopper of fig. 1.
The reference numerals are explained below:
1-slope body, 2-intercepting ditch, 3-retaining wall, 4-drainage ditch, 5-water guiding ditch, 6-composite stratum, 61-impermeable layer, 62-sand stone layer, 63-scour prevention layer, 64-grass planting layer, 7-water stopper, 71-waste tire section, 72-anchor rod, 73-anchor cable, 74-connecting piece, 8-water outlet, 9-water outlet pipe and 10-vegetation.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, the soil and water conservation and revetment structure for erosion resistance and rolling stone protection and the construction method thereof according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and exemplary embodiments.
In a first exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a wash-resistant soil and water conservation slope protection structure includes a cut-off trench provided at the top of a slope body, a complex formation provided on the slope of the slope body, a plurality of water gutters and a plurality of water stoppers, and a retaining wall and a drainage trench provided at the bottom of the slope body. For example, the water and soil conservation breaking structure mainly aims at the slope with the gradient of 10-40 degrees, the water and soil loss type of mild erosion-extreme intensity erosion and the area of 500-60000 m2The erosion strength is 500-15000 t/(km)2A) protection against soil erosion in hilly areas.
The intercepting ditch is built along the slope top, and the trend of the intercepting ditch is arranged along the trend of the slope top. The retaining wall is built at the slope bottom, and the drainage ditch is arranged along the trend of the slope bottom at the bottom of the slope body and positioned on the outer side of the retaining wall (namely, on the side of the retaining wall far away from the slope surface of the slope body). Specifically, the intercepting ditch is arranged along the slope direction at the top of the slope, so that water flow at the top of the slope can be collected and discharged, and the water flow collected at the top of the slope is prevented from scouring the slope. The intercepting drain can be provided with a special large-flow water outlet to lead water into hillside valleys or other water collecting and draining facilities. Meanwhile, the drainage ditch is arranged along the slope direction at the slope bottom, so that water flow formed by rainfall in the slope region can be collected and drained away, and the slope bottom is prevented from being washed by the water flow. The retaining wall is arranged at the bottom of the slope body, so that the integral deformation and instability of the slope body can be prevented.
Each water guiding ditch in the plurality of water guiding ditches is arranged from top to bottom along the slope body inclined plane, the upper ends of the plurality of water guiding ditches are not communicated with the intercepting ditch, and the lower ends of the plurality of water guiding ditches penetrate through the retaining wall to be communicated with the water guiding ditches. Specifically, a plurality of water guide ditches are arranged from top to bottom along the slope surface in an inclined mode, a preset distance can be reserved between every two adjacent water guide ditches, the upper ends of the water guide ditches are not communicated with the water interception ditch, and the lower ends of the water guide ditches are communicated with the drainage ditch, so that rainwater collected by the water blocking device is guided into the drainage ditch, and scouring on the slope surface of the slope body is reduced.
The composite stratum is fixedly arranged on the rectangular slope body inclined plane between the intercepting drain, the drainage drain and the two adjacent drainage drains, and comprises an impermeable layer, a sandstone layer, an erosion-resistant layer and a grass planting layer which are sequentially arranged from bottom to bottom. Particularly, after the side slope body is excavated, a composite stratum formed by an impermeable layer, a sandstone layer, an erosion prevention layer and a grass planting layer is laid in sequence from bottom to top, so that the side slope inclined plane is protected, the scouring resistance and the drainage effect of the side slope are improved, and the survival rate of vegetation is improved.
The water blocking devices are arranged on the composite stratum and are arranged from left to right, each water blocking device in the water blocking devices comprises a plurality of waste tire sections, an anchor rope, an anchor rod and a connecting piece, wherein the waste tire sections are arranged in parallel and are provided with grooves, one side of each groove faces the composite stratum, two adjacent waste tire sections are connected through the connecting pieces, one end of each anchor rod penetrates through the composite stratum and is fixed with the slope, the other end of each anchor rod is connected with one end, connected with the waste tire section, of the grass planting layer, one end of each anchor rope penetrates through the composite stratum and is fixed with the slope, and the other end of each anchor rope is connected with one end, far away from the grass planting layer, of each waste tire section. Specifically, the water stoppers are installed between two adjacent gutters in the left-to-right direction, and a plurality of water stoppers are installed on the slope body according to the slope length of the slope. The upper half part of the water stopper is exposed out of the slope surface, and the lower half part of the water stopper is embedded in the slope body. The water stopper consists of a plurality of waste tire sections, anchor cables, anchor rods and connecting pieces. The plurality of used tire segments are similar in size and are formed by diametrically cutting a complete tire; one end of the anchor cable is connected with the top of the waste tire, and the other end of the anchor cable is anchored in a rock stratum with a stable side slope; the anchor rod penetrates through the bottom of the waste tire and is vertically fixed in a slope body downwards, and the tray of the anchor rod is tightly attached to the inner side of the waste tire; the adjacent waste tires are connected by adopting a connecting piece; the connecting piece comprises a stud, a nut and a base plate, wherein in the connecting process, the stud penetrates through a small hole in the waste tire, and the nut is matched with the stud to fix the base plate in the middle of the tire and enable adjacent tires to be in close contact with each other. The water stopper can be provided with corresponding number of anchor cables and anchor rods according to the required protection strength.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the used tire segments may be obtained from a full tire in radial trisections or halves. The waste tires are divided into three equal parts or two equal parts along the radial direction to form the waste tire sections, so that the waste tires can be fully utilized, and waste is avoided.
In the exemplary embodiment, the distance between two adjacent water guiding ditches may be 20 to 25m, and the distance between two adjacent water stoppers may be 10 to 15 m. In the present exemplary embodiment, the impermeable layer may be composed of impermeable geotextile, and the gravel layer may be composed of loose mixture of sand and crushed stone, and has high permeability to allow rainwater to permeate. The scour prevention layer can adopt three-dimensional vegetation net to fix on the slope body with U shaped steel muscle, the grass planting layer adopts the soil covering of nourishing of constituteing by proportions such as garden soil, hilly mud, humus, water-retaining agent to form, and with its compaction on the scour prevention layer. The vegetation can be made by hydraulically spraying grass seeds or directly planting shrubs and the like according to local engineering geological conditions.
In the exemplary embodiment, the thickness of the impermeable layer can be 5-7 cm, the thickness of the sand layer can be 5-10 cm, the thickness of the erosion-proof layer can be 10-15 cm, and the thickness of the grass planting layer can be 2-5 cm. In the present exemplary embodiment, the permeability of the barrier layer may be 10-6m/s～10-9m/s。
In the present exemplary embodiment, the soil and water conservation slope protection structure may further include a drainage port provided at a position of the water trap near the gutter, the drainage port being capable of draining rainwater collected by the water trap into the gutter. Specifically, the lower half part of the waste tire on the side of the water stopper close to the water guide ditch is not completely buried, and a groove-shaped water outlet is reserved. The water outlet is communicated with the water guide ditch and is used for guiding the slope rainfall collected by the water stopper.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the soil and water conservation slope protection structure may further include a drain pipe provided through the retaining wall to drain water, which has entered the inside of the gravel layer, into the drain. Specifically, one end of the drain pipe extends into the interior of the gravel layer of the slope body, and the other end of the drain pipe penetrates through the retaining wall and is arranged on the upper side of the drainage ditch, so that the drain pipe is used for draining water in the interior of the slope body.
In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the intercepting drain can be further provided with a large-flow water outlet, and the intercepting drain can be provided with one large-flow water outlet every 200-500 m. The intercepting drain is provided with a special large-flow water outlet which is not communicated with the water guiding drain.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural view of a scour-resistant soil and water conservation revetment structure according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 shows a front view of FIG. 1; FIG. 3 shows a side view of FIG. 1; FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the connection between the used tire segment and the anchor rod in the water stopper of FIG. 1; fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the connection between the adjacent waste tire segments of the water stopper of fig. 1.
In a second exemplary embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 5, the erosion-resistant soil and water conservation slope protection structure includes a intercepting drain 2 provided at the top of a slope body 1, a complex ground 6 provided on the slope of the slope body 1, a plurality of water guiding gutters 5, a water discharge port 8 and a plurality of water stoppers 7, and a retaining wall 3, a water discharge pipe 9 and a water discharge gutter 4 provided at the bottom of the slope body 1.
The intercepting ditch is built along the slope top, and the trend of the intercepting ditch is arranged along the trend of the slope top. The retaining wall is built at the slope bottom, and the drainage ditch is arranged along the trend of the slope bottom at the bottom of the slope body and positioned on the outer side of the retaining wall (namely, on the side of the retaining wall far away from the slope surface of the slope body). Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the intercepting drain 2 is arranged on the top of the slope along the direction of the slope body 1, so that water flow at the top of the slope can be collected and discharged, and the water flow collected at the top of the slope is prevented from scouring the slope. The intercepting drain 2 can be provided with a special large-flow water outlet to lead water into hillside valleys or other water collecting and draining facilities. The intercepting drain 2 is provided with a special large-flow water outlet which is not communicated with the water guide ditch. For example, the intercepting drain 2 can be provided with a large-flow water outlet every 200-500 m. The drainage ditch 4 is arranged at the slope bottom along the slope trend of the slope body 1, so that water flow formed by rainfall in a slope region can be collected and then drained away, and the water flow is prevented from scouring the slope bottom. Meanwhile, the retaining wall 3 is arranged at the bottom of the slope body 1, so that the overall deformation and instability of the slope body 1 can be prevented. Here, the slope of the slope body may be 15 to 40 DEG, and the slope height of the slope body may be 10 to 100 m.
Each water guiding ditch in the plurality of water guiding ditches is arranged from top to bottom along the slope body inclined plane, the upper ends of the plurality of water guiding ditches are not communicated with the intercepting ditch, and the lower ends of the plurality of water guiding ditches penetrate through the retaining wall to be communicated with the water guiding ditches. Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, a plurality of water guide ditches 5 are arranged on the slope of the slope 1 from top to bottom, a preset distance can be reserved between every two adjacent water guide ditches 5, the upper ends of the water guide ditches 5 are not communicated with the intercepting ditch 2, and the lower ends of the water guide ditches 5 are communicated with the drainage ditch 4, so that rainwater collected by the water stopper 7 is guided into the drainage ditch 4, and the scouring of the slope 1 is reduced. For example, the distance between two adjacent water chutes can be 20-25 m.
The composite stratum is fixedly arranged on the rectangular slope body inclined plane between the intercepting drain, the drainage drain and the two adjacent drainage drains, and comprises an impermeable layer, a sandstone layer, an erosion-resistant layer and a grass planting layer which are sequentially arranged from bottom to bottom. Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, after the side slope body 1 is excavated, the composite stratum 6 composed of the impermeable layer 61, the gravel layer 62, the erosion preventing layer 63 and the grass planting layer 64 is sequentially laid from bottom to top to protect the slope, so that the erosion resistance and the drainage effect of the side slope are improved, and the survival rate of the vegetation is improved. For example, the impermeable layer 61 is made of impermeable geotextile, and the gravel layer 62 can be made of loose mixture of sand and gravel, and has high permeability to facilitate rainwater penetration; for example, the barrier layer may have a permeability of 10- 6m/s～10-9m/And s. The scour prevention layer 63 can adopt a three-dimensional vegetation net and is fixed on the slope body 1 by U-shaped steel bars; the grass planting layer 64 is formed by covering nutrient soil which is composed of garden soil, mountain mud, humus, a water-retaining agent and the like according to a proportion, and is compacted on the scour prevention layer 63. Vegetation is planted on the grass planting layer 64, and grass seeds or shrubs and the like can be sprayed and sown by adopting hydraulic pressure according to local engineering geological conditions. Here, in the present exemplary embodiment, the thickness of the anti-seepage layer may be 5 to 7cm, the thickness of the sand layer may be 5 to 10cm, the thickness of the erosion prevention layer may be 10 to 15cm, and the thickness of the grass planting layer may be 2 to 5 cm.
The water blocking devices are arranged on the composite stratum and are arranged from left to right, each water blocking device in the water blocking devices comprises a plurality of waste tire sections, an anchor rope, an anchor rod and a connecting piece, wherein the waste tire sections are arranged in parallel and are provided with grooves, one side of each groove faces the composite stratum, two adjacent waste tire sections are connected through the connecting pieces, one end of each anchor rod penetrates through the composite stratum and is fixed with the slope, the other end of each anchor rod is connected with one end, connected with the waste tire section, of the grass planting layer, one end of each anchor rope penetrates through the composite stratum and is fixed with the slope, and the other end of each anchor rope is connected with one end, far away from the grass planting layer, of each waste tire section. Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 to 5, the water stopper 7 is installed between two adjacent gutters 5 in the left-to-right direction, and a plurality of water stoppers 7 are installed on the slope body 1 according to the slope length of the slope. The upper half part of the water stopper 7 is exposed out of the slope surface, and the lower half part is embedded in the slope body 1. The water stopper 7 is composed of a plurality of waste tire segments 71, anchor cables 73, anchor rods 72 and connecting pieces 74. The plurality of used tire segments 71 are similarly sized and are formed from a complete tire cut diametrically. For example, the used tire segments 71 may be radially trisected or bisected from a complete tire. The waste tires are divided into three equal parts or two equal parts along the radial direction to form the waste tire sections, so that the waste tires can be fully utilized, and waste is avoided. As shown in fig. 4, the anchor cable is connected to the top of the waste tire segment 71 at one end and anchored in a rock layer with stable slope at the other end. The anchor rods 72 penetrate through the bottoms of the waste tire sections 71 and are vertically fixed in a slope body downwards, and trays of the anchor rods 72 are tightly attached to the inner sides of the waste tires. As shown in fig. 5, two adjacent waste tire segments 71 are connected by a connecting member 74. Here, the connecting member may be composed of a stud, a nut, and a pad, and in the connecting process, the stud passes through a small hole on the waste tire, and the nut is matched with the stud to fix the pad to the middle of the tire and make the adjacent tires closely contact. The water stopper 7 can be provided with corresponding number of anchor cables and anchor rods according to the required protection strength. For example, as shown in fig. 1, each water stopper comprises 5-9 parallel tire sections and 2-3 anchor cables and anchor rods.
The water outlet 8 is arranged at the position of the water stopper 7 close to the water guiding ditch 5, and the water outlet 8 can discharge rainwater collected by the water stopper 7 into the water guiding ditch. Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the waste tires on the side of the water stopper 7 close to the water chute 5 are not completely buried in the lower half portion thereof, and a groove-shaped drain opening 8 is reserved. The water outlet 8 is communicated with the water guide ditch 5 and is used for guiding the slope rainfall collected by the water stopper 7.
A drain is provided through the retaining wall to drain water that enters the interior of the gravel layer into the drain. Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, one end of the drainage pipe 9 extends into the gravel layer 62 of the slope 1, and the other end passes through the retaining wall 3 and is arranged on the upper side of the drainage ditch 4 for draining water inside the slope 1.
In a third exemplary embodiment of the present invention, another aspect of the present invention provides a method of constructing a wash-resistant soil and water conservation slope protection structure, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) cleaning slope and digging slope body
Clearing up obstacles on the top of the slope, the slope and the bottom of the slope, respectively excavating and constructing a intercepting ditch and a drainage ditch on the top of the slope and the bottom of the slope according to design specifications, and arranging a large-flow water outlet on the intercepting ditch at an interval of 300-500 m. In particular to cleaning up obstacles, pumice, garbage and the like on the top, the slope and the bottom of the slope. And (3) fully utilizing the characteristics of landform and landform, and respectively excavating a water intercepting ditch and a drainage ditch at the top and the bottom of the slope according to design specifications. The intercepting drain is provided with a special water outlet at a proper position, and generally, the intercepting drain is provided with one water outlet every 500m to lead water to a hillside valley or other water collecting and draining facilities. The intercepting and draining ditches may take the form of grouted rubbles, grouted rubbles or precast blocks of cement concrete. The slope is excavated to a certain depth, and when the slope body is excavated in projects such as underground oil and gas pipelines, the slope can be trimmed to the designed depth according to the existing terrain.
(2) Lay compound stratum structure
With impervious barrier, gravel layer, scour prevention layer and grass planting layer from supreme laying and compaction in proper order down, reserve the hydrophone mounting groove and lead the water groove according to specific design in the laying process. Specifically, after the slope is excavated, the impermeable layer, the sandstone layer, the scour prevention layer and the grass planting layer are sequentially laid from bottom to top. The anti-seepage layer is composed of anti-seepage geotextile, is an anti-seepage material which is compounded by taking a plastic film as an anti-seepage base material and non-woven fabrics, and can effectively prevent rainwater from seeping into the deep part of a slope body to induce landslide. The sand stone layer is formed by mixing loose substances such as sand grains, broken stones and the like, has high porosity and can enable water to flow rapidly. And a section of drain pipe is buried in the sandstone layer at the bottom of the slope body, and the other end of the drain pipe is just arranged on the upper side of the drainage ditch. After rainwater permeates into the gravel layer, the rainwater can only flow to the slope bottom from the upper part of the slope body in the gravel layer rapidly and is led out to a drainage ditch through a drainage pipe because the rainwater cannot seep downwards under the action of the impermeable layer. The scour prevention layer adopts a three-dimensional vegetation net and is fixed on a slope body by U-shaped steel bars, so that the anti-sliding and anti-scouring performances of the vegetation layer on the surface are improved. The vegetable layer is covered by nutrient soil which is composed of garden soil, mountain mud, humus, water-retaining agent and the like according to a proportion, and the vegetable layer can provide nutrients required by plant growth and can also store water in rainfall. Each time the paving is completed, compaction is required. After all the layers are paved, hydraulic pressure is adopted to spray-plant grass seeds or directly plant shrubs and the like according to the geological conditions of the local engineering, and maintenance is carried out to a corresponding degree. The laying work process also needs to be carried out by reserving the water blocking device mounting groove and the water guide groove according to design.
(3) Pouring retaining wall
And (4) pouring a soil wall at the slope bottom, and reserving an outlet of the water guide ditch in the pouring process. Specifically, in order to prevent the whole deformation and instability of the slope body, a retaining wall is arranged at the slope bottom. The existing retaining walls have a plurality of forms, such as gravity type retaining walls, anchoring type retaining walls, reinforced retaining walls and the like, and can be selected by combining site conditions and structural calculation. In the process of pouring the retaining wall, an outlet of the water guide channel can be reserved, so that the water guide channel can be communicated with the drainage channel.
(4) Construction of a raceway
And constructing a water guide ditch at the reserved position of the slope surface, wherein the water guide ditch is not communicated with the water intercepting ditch at the top of the slope but is connected with the water drainage ditch at the bottom of the slope. Specifically, the water guide ditches are obliquely arranged along the slope surface, and a section of the water guide ditches is arranged at a certain distance. The water guide ditch is not communicated with the water intercepting ditch at the top of the slope, but is connected with the drainage ditch at the bottom of the slope. The width and the degree of depth of escape canal will combine the design rule, ensure to effectively to lead into the slope runoff in the escape canal in local rainfall condition.
(5) Installation water blocking device
And (5) installing a water blocking device at the slope reserved position to finish construction. The installing the water stopper may include the steps of: embedding the connected waste tires into the mounting groove, fixing the anchor rod in a rock-soil body with a stable slope after penetrating through the bottoms of the waste tires, and tightly attaching the tray of the anchor rod to the inner sides of the waste tires; connecting one end of an anchor cable with the top of the waste tire, anchoring the other end of the anchor cable in a stable rock-soil body on a slope, installing the anchor cables and anchor rods in corresponding quantity according to the required protection strength, wherein the anchor cables and the anchor rods all need to penetrate through an impermeable layer, a sandstone layer, an erosion-resistant layer and a grass planting layer. Specifically, the water stopper consists of a plurality of waste tire sections, anchor cables, anchor rods and connecting pieces. The quantity of the waste tire sections is matched with the distance between the adjacent water guiding ditches, and the slope surfaces between the water guiding ditches can be intercepted after the waste tire sections are connected. The plurality of used tire segments are similar in size and are formed from a complete tire cut diametrically. The adjacent waste tire sections are connected by adopting a connecting piece; the connecting piece comprises a stud, a nut and a base plate, wherein in the connecting process, the stud penetrates through a small hole in the waste tire section, the nut is matched with the stud to fix the base plate in the middle of the waste tire section, and adjacent waste tire sections are in close contact. The cutting and connecting work can be prefabricated and finished in a factory, and the whole can be directly and integrally installed after being transported to the site. The connected waste tire sections are embedded into the mounting groove, in order to enable the whole water stopper to be more stable, the anchor rod penetrates through the bottoms of the waste tire sections and is fixed in a rock-soil body with a stable slope, and the tray of the anchor rod is tightly attached to the inner sides of the waste tire sections; one end of the anchor cable is connected with the top of the waste tire section, and the other end of the anchor cable is also anchored in the rock-soil body with stable side slope. The water stopper can be provided with corresponding number of anchor cables and anchor rods according to the required protection strength. The anchor cable and the anchor rod both penetrate through the four-layer composite stratum structure and can also enhance the stability of the anchor cable and the anchor rod.
During rainfall, the rainwater blocking device can block rainwater on the slope surface, when the amount of the intercepted and stored rainwater is gradually increased and is larger than the section height of the tire, the slope runoff direction is changed, and the blocked rainwater flows to drainage ditches on two sides along the rainwater blocking device. The slope is only washed by running water in each blocking area, and the running water cannot enter the next blocking area, so that the potential energy of the running water on the slope is greatly reduced, the washing strength is weakened, and water and soil conservation and vegetation growth are facilitated.
Although the junked tires are tightly connected by the connecting pieces, certain gaps still exist, and some rainwater can penetrate through the gaps and enter the next blocking area. But from the overall effect, the flow speed and the flow of the penetrating rainwater are greatly reduced, the scouring of the slope is greatly weakened, and a proper amount of water can be provided for the vegetation in the next blocking area.
On the other hand, when anchor rods and anchor cables arranged on the water stopper are more, the whole protection strength is very high, and the water stopper can also be used for preventing collapse and rock rolling on a slope and plays a role in blocking a stone net.
In summary, the beneficial effects of the present invention can include at least one of the following:
(1) according to the invention, the water blocking device is arranged on the side slope, the side slope is divided into a plurality of rainwater blocking areas, slope runoff can only occur in the blocking areas, the blocked rainwater is guided out of the slope to the drainage ditch through the water guide ditch, and long-distance linear flow on the slope cannot be carried out, so that the scouring effect on water, soil and vegetation of the slope is reduced;
(2) the water stopper is made by connecting waste tires, so that the waste resources are recycled, the cost is low, and the ecological environment is protected;
(3) the water stopper with high protection strength, which comprises a plurality of anchor rods and anchor cables, not only can strengthen the stability of a side slope stratum, but also has a certain function of intercepting collapsed rock on the side slope;
(4) the high-strength slope surface is formed by adopting a composite structure of four artificial strata in total, namely an impermeable layer, a sandstone layer, an erosion-resistant layer and a grass planting layer, so that the erosion resistance of the slope surface is greatly improved; meanwhile, the impermeable layer limits the rainfall from permeating into the slope body, thereby being beneficial to the stability of the whole side slope; the high permeability of the sandstone layer can meet the requirement that rainwater permeating from the slope surface rapidly flows to the slope bottom and reaches a drainage ditch through a drainage pipe; the erosion-resistant layer enables the nutrient soil of the grass planting layer to be more stable;
(5) the water and soil conservation structure is simple to install and convenient to construct, can solve the problems, reasonably utilizes waste tires in the structure, and protects slope collapse rock and the like.
While the present invention has been described above in connection with the accompanying drawings and exemplary embodiments, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that various modifications may be made to the above-described embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. An anti-scouring water and soil conservation slope protection structure, which is characterized by comprising a catch basin arranged at the top of a slope body, a composite stratum arranged on the inclined plane of the slope body, a plurality of water guide ditches, a plurality of water blocking devices, and a retaining wall and a drainage ditch arranged at the bottom of the slope body, wherein,
the intercepting ditch is built at the top of the slope and arranged along the trend of the slope body;
the retaining wall is built at the slope bottom and arranged along the trend of the slope bottom;
the drainage ditch is arranged at the bottom of the slope body and positioned on the outer side of the retaining wall;
each water guiding ditch in the plurality of water guiding ditches is arranged from top to bottom along the slope of the slope body, the upper ends of the plurality of water guiding ditches are not communicated with the intercepting ditch, and the lower ends of the plurality of water guiding ditches penetrate through the retaining wall and are communicated with the water drainage ditch;
the composite stratum is fixedly arranged on the intercepting ditches, the drainage ditches and the inclined planes of the rectangular slope bodies between every two adjacent water guiding ditches, and comprises an impermeable layer, a sandstone layer, an erosion-resistant layer and a grass planting layer which are sequentially arranged from bottom to bottom;
the plurality of water resistors are arranged on the composite ground layer from left to right, each water resistor in the plurality of water resistors comprises a plurality of waste tire sections, anchor cables, anchor rods and connecting pieces, wherein,
a plurality of used tire sections set up side by side and have recess one side towards composite stratum, connect through the connecting piece between two adjacent used tire sections, stock one end is passed composite stratum and is fixed with the slope inclined plane, the stock other end with the grass layer one end is planted in junked tire section connection, anchor rope one end is passed composite stratum and is fixed with the slope inclined plane, and the other end is kept away from the one end of planting the grass layer with junked tire section and is connected.
2. The erosion-resistant soil and water conservation slope protection structure of claim 1 wherein the waste tire segments are radially trisected or bisected by a full tire.
3. The erosion-resistant soil and water conservation slope protection structure according to claim 1, wherein the distance between two adjacent water chutes is 20-25 m, and the distance between two adjacent water stoppers is 10-15 m.
4. The erosion-resistant soil and water conservation slope protection structure according to claim 1, wherein the impermeable layer is impermeable geotextile, the gravel layer is loose mixture of silt and broken stone, the erosion-resistant layer is a three-dimensional vegetation net, and the grass planting layer is nutrient soil consisting of garden soil, mountain mud, humus and a water-retaining agent in proportion.
5. The erosion-resistant soil and water conservation slope protection structure according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the impermeable layer is 5-7 cm, the thickness of the sandstone layer is 5-10 cm, the thickness of the erosion-resistant layer is 10-15 cm, and the thickness of the grass planting layer is 2-5 cm.
6. The erosion-resistant soil and water conservation slope protection structure of claim 1, wherein the permeability of the impermeable layer is 10-6m/s～10-9m/s。
7. The erosion resistant soil and water conservation slope protection structure of claim 1 further comprising a drainage port disposed at a position of the water stopper near the gutter, the drainage port being capable of draining rainwater collected by the water stopper into the gutter.
8. The erosion resistant soil and water retaining revetment structure of claim 1, further comprising a drain disposed through the retaining wall to drain water entering the interior of the gravel layer into a drain.
9. A construction method of an anti-scour soil and water conservation slope protection structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
clearing obstacles on the top of the slope, the slope and the bottom of the slope, and respectively excavating and constructing a water intercepting ditch and a drainage ditch on the top of the slope and the bottom of the slope according to design specifications;
sequentially laying and compacting the impermeable layer, the sandstone layer, the scour prevention layer and the grass planting layer from bottom to top, and reserving a water stopper mounting groove and a water guide groove according to design specifications in the laying process;
a soil wall is poured at the slope bottom, and an outlet of the water guide channel is reserved in the pouring process;
constructing a water guide ditch at the reserved position of the slope surface, wherein the water guide ditch is not communicated with the water intercepting ditch at the top of the slope but is connected with the water drainage ditch at the bottom of the slope;
and (5) installing a water blocking device at the slope reserved position to finish construction.
10. The method of constructing an anti-scour soil and water conservation slope protection structure according to claim 9, wherein the installing the water stopper includes the steps of:
embedding the connected waste tires into the mounting groove, fixing the anchor rod in a rock-soil body with a stable slope after penetrating through the bottoms of the waste tires, and tightly attaching the tray of the anchor rod to the inner sides of the waste tires;
connecting one end of an anchor cable with the top of the waste tire, anchoring the other end of the anchor cable in a stable rock-soil body on a slope, installing the anchor cables and anchor rods in corresponding quantity according to the required protection strength, wherein the anchor cables and the anchor rods all need to penetrate through an impermeable layer, a sandstone layer, an erosion-resistant layer and a grass planting layer.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114319169A (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2022-04-12 | 江苏科技大学 | Detachable retaining wall capable of preventing impact of falling rocks on side slope and construction method |
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| RU2068914C1 (en) * | 1990-03-15 | 1996-11-10 | Грахэм Ли Вайтхэд | Drain system |
| CN203530926U (en) * | 2013-10-28 | 2014-04-09 | 赵秀雷 | Slope protection structure for water conservancy project |
| CN108729454A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-11-02 | 西安长庆科技工程有限责任公司 | The method that side slope handicapping anti-slip is administered |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2068914C1 (en) * | 1990-03-15 | 1996-11-10 | Грахэм Ли Вайтхэд | Drain system |
| CN203530926U (en) * | 2013-10-28 | 2014-04-09 | 赵秀雷 | Slope protection structure for water conservancy project |
| CN108729454A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-11-02 | 西安长庆科技工程有限责任公司 | The method that side slope handicapping anti-slip is administered |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114319169A (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2022-04-12 | 江苏科技大学 | Detachable retaining wall capable of preventing impact of falling rocks on side slope and construction method |
| CN114319169B (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2024-01-23 | 江苏科技大学 | Detachable retaining wall capable of preventing slope falling rocks from impacting and construction method |
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| CN113718711B (en) | 2023-03-21 |
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