CN113494095A - Geological and geomorphic engineering restoration method - Google Patents
Geological and geomorphic engineering restoration method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113494095A CN113494095A CN202110772915.4A CN202110772915A CN113494095A CN 113494095 A CN113494095 A CN 113494095A CN 202110772915 A CN202110772915 A CN 202110772915A CN 113494095 A CN113494095 A CN 113494095A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009304 pastoral farming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009418 renovation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004162 soil erosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/18—Making embankments, e.g. dikes, dams
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
- E02D3/10—Improving by compacting by watering, draining, de-aerating or blasting, e.g. by installing sand or wick drains
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H17/00—Fencing, e.g. fences, enclosures, corrals
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a geological and geomorphic engineering restoration method which comprises the steps of measuring the boundary of a mining pit, calculating the backfill elevation of the mining pit, backfilling muck into the mining pit, backfilling soil into the mining pit, and covering the muck with the soil. By the geological landform engineering restoration method, the mining pit is coordinated with surrounding landforms, the slope meets the vegetation greening requirement, and geological disasters are basically eliminated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pit mining treatment, in particular to a geological morphology engineering restoration method.
Background
In the related technology, geological disasters such as landslide, debris flow, collapse and the like easily occur to the geological landforms of the open pit and the slag hill, and the landforms need to be remolded, so that the occurrence of the geological disasters is reduced. However, the slope of the landform of the mining pit and the slag hill is large, surface soil erosion and water and soil loss are easily caused, the grass planting and greening of the mine are not facilitated, and the original landform and the surrounding environment are not coordinated.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art.
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a geological geomorphology engineering restoration method, which enables a pit to be coordinated with surrounding geomorphology and geomorphology, the slope meets the vegetation greening requirement, and geological disasters are basically eliminated.
The geological geomorphic engineering restoration method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: measuring the boundary of the mining pit; calculating the backfill elevation of the mining pit; and backfilling the muck into the mining pit, backfilling soil into the mining pit, and covering the soil above the muck.
According to the geological and geomorphic engineering restoration method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the mining pit and the surrounding geomorphology are coordinated, the gradient meets the vegetation greening requirement, and geological disasters are basically eliminated.
In some embodiments, the boundaries of the mining pit include an environmental remediation boundary, an engineering boundary, a mining pit upper boundary, and a backfill boundary.
In some embodiments, calculating the backfill elevation of the mining pit specifically comprises: and calculating the backfill elevation by combining the factors of roadway engineering, slope coal body burying and rock slope exposure on the basis of actual landform and geological features and stratum rock and soil characteristics.
In some embodiments, the method for restoring geological geomorphic engineering further comprises: and carrying out slope cutting treatment on the mining pit, and reducing the slope of the mining pit.
In some embodiments, the method for restoring geological geomorphic engineering further comprises: and transplanting vegetation, wherein the vegetation is transplanted above the soil so that the pit is coordinated with the surrounding original landform.
In some embodiments, the method for restoring geological geomorphic engineering further comprises: and carrying out stone picking treatment and reseeding treatment on the soil area.
In some embodiments, the slope of the upper side slope of the pit is less than or equal to 25 °.
In some embodiments, the geological and geomorphic engineering restoration method further comprises the step of arranging a protective fence, wherein the protective fence is arranged along the boundary of the mining pit.
In some embodiments, the protective pens are disposed along the environmental remediation boundary of the mining pit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a geological geomorphic engineering restoration method according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the geological geomorphic engineering restoration method according to the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
measuring the boundary of the mining pit, calculating the backfill elevation of the mining pit, backfilling the muck into the mining pit, backfilling the soil into the mining pit, and covering the soil above the muck.
In some embodiments, the boundaries of the mining pit include an environmental remediation boundary, an engineering boundary, a mining pit upper boundary, and a backfill boundary. From this, can be reasonable restore adopting hole landform according to the border of difference, improved the prosthetic work efficiency of landform, reduced the prosthetic cost of landform.
In some embodiments, calculating the backfill elevation of the pit specifically comprises: and calculating the backfill elevation by combining the factors of roadway engineering, slope coal burial and rock slope exposure on the basis of the characteristics of actual landform and topography and stratum rock and soil.
In some embodiments, the geological geomorphic engineering restoration method further comprises: and (4) carrying out slope cutting treatment on the mining pit, and reducing the slope of the mining pit. Therefore, the problems of landslide, debris flow and the like in the pit can be effectively reduced, the survival rate of vegetation is improved, and the restoration quality of the landform of the pit is improved.
In some embodiments, the geological geomorphic engineering restoration method further comprises: and transplanting the vegetation, namely transplanting the vegetation above the soil so as to enable the pit to be coordinated with the surrounding original landform. Therefore, water and soil loss can be prevented by transplanting the vegetation, and the restoration quality of the pit landform is improved.
In some embodiments, the geological geomorphic engineering restoration method further comprises: and carrying out stone picking treatment and reseeding treatment on the soil area.
In some embodiments, the slope of the upper side slope of the pit is less than or equal to 25 °. Therefore, the problems of landslide, debris flow and the like in the pit can be effectively reduced, the survival rate of vegetation is improved, and the restoration quality of the landform of the pit is improved.
Furthermore, the slope cutting process of the soil slope on the upper part of the mining pit can not reach below 25 degrees, and the soil slope is shaped by combining with the actual terrain to achieve coordination and attractiveness with the surrounding environment.
In some embodiments, the geological geomorphic engineering restoration method further comprises setting a protective fence, wherein the protective fence is arranged along the boundary of the mining pit.
In some embodiments, the protective enclosures are disposed along the environmental remediation boundaries of the mining pit. From this, add the protection rail along environment improvement border, prevent the vegetation that causes because of factors such as grazing from destroying, ensure peripheral resident's security of lives and property simultaneously.
In a specific embodiment, the geological and geomorphic engineering restoration method is implemented by the following steps:
firstly, the governing principle of the geological and geomorphic engineering restoration is as follows:
1. the principle of combining scientificity, advancement, economy, rationality and practicability is adhered to.
2. And (4) utilizing the principle of backfilling the open pit with the degraded slag mountain.
3. The final side slopes of the slag mountain and the mining pit both meet the requirement of the later green covering slope.
4. The existing topographic conditions are fully utilized, the original rock slope on the surface of the land and the upper part of the pit is covered by the mountain slag, and the peeled surface soil layer is utilized to the maximum extent for covering soil and restoring green.
5. On the premise of ensuring the construction safety, an advanced, reasonable, economic and feasible construction scheme and a mature construction process are adopted.
For example, the pit mining and the slag mountain integrated treatment of the first well of the river storehouse relates to four boundaries which are an environment improvement boundary, an engineering boundary, an upper boundary of the mining pit and a backfill boundary respectively, and the area of a treatment range is 1.73km2。
Based on the characteristics of actual landform and topography and stratum rock and soil, factors such as roadway engineering, slope coal burial, exposure of rocky slope and the like are comprehensively considered to determine the backfill elevation of the mining pit, and exposure is performed when exposure is appropriate and burying is performed when burying is appropriate.
And backfilling all the dregs into the mining pit according to the growth requirement of the vegetation, and exposing the original ground surface to the maximum extent.
And (4) carrying out slope cutting and slowing, soil reconstruction and vegetation re-greening on the original ecological treatment area at the southeast side of the project area, and achieving the purpose of coordinating with the topography and the landform of the peripheral native wetland.
The stone picking and the reseeding are carried out in the environment improvement area, and the coverage degree of the plants in the area is improved.
After the remediation, a slag mountain clearing, repairing and repairing area, a gentle slope shaping area, a rock wall remediation area, a pit mining and backfilling area and an environment remediation area are formed.
Furthermore, the geological and geomorphic engineering restoration process also comprises an earth-rock engineering.
The earth and stone engineering comprises the following engineering contents: on-site survey and engineering surveying and mapping, slag mountain clearing and gentle slope shaping, pit mining backfilling, pit mining upper slope cutting and rock wall renovation.
And carrying out comprehensive engineering surveying and mapping and on-site investigation work, grading and partitioning the slag hill around the mining pit according to the greening availability, and dividing the soil body of the slag hill into a soil body capable of being greened again after screening treatment and a rock-soil body without treatment conditions.
Removing 50-60% of the slag hill area to the original surface, wherein the design height is + 3770- +3790 m; removing the slag mountain in the southwest to the original place. And the slag mountain on the south-east side ascends to the original surface from outside to inside at an angle of 6 degrees along the outer boundary to form a natural gentle slope. Cutting the west and north slag mountains from west to east, and shaping, wherein the west and north slag mountains are connected with the surface boundary of the grassland of the original mountain, water, forest, field and lake. The earth surface boundary of the mining pit is cut to slope outwards from the top surface of the bedrock, the vegetation re-greening condition is achieved as far as possible, the condition is coordinated with the topography and the topography of the surrounding native wetland, and the total amount of slag mountain removal is about 600 ten thousand m3。
The method is characterized in that the slag hill clearing process can be used for independently shoveling and loading the soil body which is green again, the soil body is stored to an area close to the designed elevation and used as a soil improvement matrix in the later period, and the designed elevation is reached after land leveling.
And (3) shaping the gentle slope of the northern slag mountain, wherein the northern surface of the northern slag mountain is a negative slope, and permafrost is formed on the surface of the northern slag mountain for less than 3 meters, so that the construction process of shaping the gentle slope of the northern slag mountain is simple, and the permafrost is not damaged for the second time.
The gentle slope of other areas of the northern slag mountain is shaped to meet the requirements of the slope of grass planting, and the construction method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of cleaning redundant earthwork, carrying out mining, loading, transporting and discharging to the bottom of a mining pit, then utilizing an excavator to carry out slope cutting and shaping on the northern slag mountain terrain cleaned by the redundant earthwork, transporting large stones cleaned by the excavator to the bottom of the pit to be backfilled in the construction process by utilizing a loader and a mine truck, and when part of the positions need to be backfilled or the earthwork is transported to remold the terrain, the loader and the mine truck are assisted, and finally most of the gentle slope terrain formed by the northern slag mountain meets the slope requirement of grass planting, and the characteristic of imitating natural landform is achieved.
And (3) cutting slopes from the surface boundary of the mining pit to the soil slope (occupying 30-40% of the slope surface area) within the backfill elevation range, so as to meet the soil covering and greening conditions of the soil slope to the maximum extent. According to the actual survey on site, the total 4 places of the slope cutting area needed at the periphery of the mining pit are distributed on the east side, the west side, the south side and the north side of the mining pit.
The slope cutting engineering quantity analysis adopts 3DMINE mineral engineering software, the calculation method adopts a triangulation network method, the independent modeling analysis of the states before and after slope cutting is respectively carried out on each position, and the total slope cutting engineering quantity on the upper part of the mining pit is 60.1 ten thousand meters through calculation3。
Cleaning a thicker and more earth and stone covering layer on the upper boundary of the mining pit, backfilling the cleaned earth and stone to the bottom of the mining pit, and adopting the construction methods of digging and loading by an excavator, transporting and discarding mine blocks and bulldozing by a front loader. And after the treatment of the redundant earthwork, cutting the soil slope on the upper part of the mining pit from top to bottom by using an excavator, and remolding the terrain in the slope cutting process. Combining the terrain around the boundary of the upper part of the mining pit, the slope of the upper part of the mining pit can be cut to be below 25 degrees, and the slope cutting and shaping are carried out according to the slope requirement of grass planting.
According to actual on-site investigation, a rocky side slope (occupying 60-70% of the slope surface area) from the earth surface boundary of the mining pit to the backfill elevation is subjected to slope brushing, bedrock is exposed, the slope brushing area is calculated according to 0.292 × 0.6km2, the average slope brushing thickness is calculated according to 2.3m, and the engineering quantity of the slope brushing earthwork is 40.2 ten thousand m 3.
And backfilling the pit by +3703m to +3737m, and performing soil reconstruction and vegetation greening by remolding the microtopography to meet the greening condition. The total amount of earth and rock generated by removing slag hills, shaping gentle slopes and shaping rock walls in the integrated treatment construction process is 700 km 3, and all the earth and rock are used for pit mining and backfilling.
The length of the protective fence is 7277m along the environment improvement boundary, so that vegetation damage caused by factors such as grazing is prevented, and the life and property safety of surrounding residents is guaranteed.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically coupled, may be electrically coupled or may be in communication with each other; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the present disclosure, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" and the like mean that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for repairing a geological feature engineering is characterized by comprising the following steps:
measuring the boundary of the mining pit;
calculating the backfill elevation of the mining pit;
and backfilling the muck into the mining pit, backfilling soil into the mining pit, and covering the soil above the muck.
2. The method of geomorphologic engineering restoration according to claim 1, wherein the boundaries of the production pit include an environmental remediation boundary, an engineering boundary, a production pit upper boundary, and a backfill boundary.
3. The geological geomorphologic engineering restoration method according to claim 1, wherein calculating the backfill elevation of the mining pit specifically comprises: and calculating the backfill elevation by combining the factors of roadway engineering, slope coal body burying and rock slope exposure on the basis of actual landform and geological features and stratum rock and soil characteristics.
4. The geomorphologic engineering restoration method according to claim 1, further comprising: and carrying out slope cutting treatment on the mining pit, and reducing the slope of the mining pit.
5. The geomorphologic engineering restoration method according to claim 1, further comprising: and transplanting vegetation, wherein the vegetation is transplanted above the soil so that the pit is coordinated with the surrounding original landform.
6. The geomorphologic engineering restoration method according to claim 5, further comprising: and carrying out stone picking treatment and reseeding treatment on the soil area.
7. The geomorphologic engineering restoration method according to claim 1, wherein the slope of the upper side slope of the mining pit is less than or equal to 25 °.
8. The geomorphologic engineering restoration method according to claim 2, further comprising providing a protective fence disposed along a boundary of the mining pit.
9. The geomorphologic engineering restoration method of claim 8, wherein said protective fence is disposed along said environmental remediation boundary of said mining pit.
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| CN202110772915.4A CN113494095A (en) | 2021-07-08 | 2021-07-08 | Geological and geomorphic engineering restoration method |
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Cited By (1)
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