CN108040782A - A kind of efficient disease prevention simultaneously realizes the cultivating method of crop of volume increase - Google Patents
A kind of efficient disease prevention simultaneously realizes the cultivating method of crop of volume increase Download PDFInfo
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- CN108040782A CN108040782A CN201711189791.7A CN201711189791A CN108040782A CN 108040782 A CN108040782 A CN 108040782A CN 201711189791 A CN201711189791 A CN 201711189791A CN 108040782 A CN108040782 A CN 108040782A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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Abstract
It the present invention provides a kind of efficient disease prevention and realizes the cultivating method of crop of volume increase, the described method comprises the following steps：(1) site preparation ridging：Double ridges, the big a height of 6~8cm in ridge, width 80cm in corn planting；Micro-ridge a height of 10~12cm, width 30cm；And overlay film is carried out using half film tile mode, stay 20~30cm not overlay films among big ridge；(2) high-grade maize kind is selected, is sowed during 18~April 10 March, using wide-and narrow-row in being sowed on ridge in film, wide row line-spacing is 50~60cm, and narrow row line-spacing is 15~20cm, and thickness of sowing is 4500~6000 plants/acre；(3) 50 days after corn seeding, in soybean is not sowed in overlay film region on great Long ridges.The cultural method of the present invention not only realizes the volume increase of corn and soybean, while also acts the effect of efficiently prevention Corn diseases and insect pests, realizes the significantly volume increase of corn.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of agricultural cultivation more particularly to a kind of efficient disease prevention and realize the maize culture of volume increase
Method.
Background technology
It is well known that China is an agricultural production big country, while it is also a populous nation, wherein corn is as agricultural
Plantation cereal crops all have the cultivation history in many years in China or even the world.China's maize sown area is very extensive, only
The maize sown area of southern 7 provinces and cities has just reached more than 7,000 ten thousand mu, and long-term cultivated area accounts for the 1/ of national cereal crops area
4, total output accounts for the 1/3 of national total output of grain.Corn belongs to life prolonging food, rich in protein, fat, vitamin, micro
Element etc. has higher nutritive value.Although China's corn it is current year output development it is very fast, but still with China's corn
Market demand also has larger gap, and how to effectively improve the yield of corn is the problem of maize culture is faced at this stage.
In relation to corn, the research of root system has been reported under the conditions of different densities, fertilising and tillage method, it is believed that suitable
Cultivation step can improve the physicochemical property of soil, promote the growth of maize root system, improve water use efficiency, realize volume increase mesh
Mark.For China's Arid＆semi-arid area spring drought, little precipitation, time out evaporation capacity be big and traditional covering with ground sheeting side
Formula cannot maximally utilise the problems such as rainfall resource, and it is double that full film is proposed on the basis of corn Conventional coverlay film cultivation technique
Ridge furrow drilling cultural technique improves the yield of corn well.
However, as the variation of global climate, tillage method change and the popularization of corn variety, China's corn are subjected to
Disease is also in constantly variation therewith.Head smut, leaf blight, helminthosporium maydis, brown spot, rough dwarf disease, banded sclerotial blight, rust etc. are current
The Major Diseases of China's maize production are endangered, the harm of these disease pests is the another key factor for causing a large amount of underproduction of China's corn.
Ensure the quality and yield of corn, not only to consider advanced cultivation technique in actually cultivating, but also to consider to corn
Effective prevention of pest and disease damage.Preventing and controlling currently for Corn diseases and insect pests are usually to follow the principle puted prevention first, ahead of time into
The prevention of row pest and disease damage, and few reports that fine controlling disease can be played on planting type, only using reasonable
Cultural method realize the volume increase of corn, and when corn is by pest and disease damage serious infringement, it will cause subtracting for large area
It is few.How the purpose of prevention Corn diseases and insect pests is effectively played from cultivation mode so that corn is influenced by pest and disease damage infringement
Smaller realizes the further increasing both production and income of corn yield, becomes the technical issues of urgently to be resolved hurrily in corn yield increasing cultivation.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is exactly in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, and to provide that one kind can efficiently controlling disease simultaneously can be into one
Step realizes the planting type of corn yield increasing, to obtain good disease prevention effect on corn planting, realizes corn significantly
Degree volume increase, meets market supply demand.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：
A kind of efficient disease prevention simultaneously realizes the cultivating method of crop of volume increase, comprises the following steps：
(1) site preparation ridging：Double ridges, the big a height of 6~8cm in ridge, width 80cm in the corn planting of upper 1 year；Micro-ridge is high
For 10~12cm, width 30cm；Ridge is trapezoidal ridge, and big micro-ridge joint forms seed furrow, and ridge side and bottom of trench angle are 30 °, and
Overlay film is carried out using half film tile mode, 20~30cm not overlay films are stayed among big ridge；
(2) high-grade maize kind is selected, is sowed ahead of time during 18~April 10 March, using wide-and narrow-row in film on ridge
Interior sowing, wide row line-spacing are 50~60cm, and narrow row line-spacing is 15~20cm, and thickness of sowing is 4500~6000 plants/acre；After planting
Use sufficient corn base manure；
(3) 50 days after corn seeding, in soybean is not sowed in overlay film region on great Long ridges, the hill spacing of soybean is 8~10cm,
2 plants of seedling is stayed per cave；After planting use sufficient soybean base manure.
On the one hand cultural method using the present invention fully combines the environment and habit of corn growth, supplies the good of corn
Good growing environment；On the other hand appropriate period intercuts soybean after corn seeding so that corn and soybean realize it is good between set
It reacts, not only realizes the volume increase of corn and soybean, while also act the effect of efficiently prevention Corn diseases and insect pests, realize
The significantly volume increase of corn.
Further, the ratio containing N, P, K is 14 in the corn base manure:11.5:12.5, using the corn base manure, energy
Enough ensure the nutritional need during corn growth, while prevent pest and disease damage for corn and provide more favorable nutrition assurance.
Further, the ratio containing N, P, K is 23 in the soybean base manure:17:10, using the soybean base manure apply than
Example, on the one hand disclosure satisfy that the growing nutrient demand of soybean, and on the other hand resisting pest and disease damage for corn provides energy safeguard.
Further, the method, which further includes, carries out corn to increase slow-release fertilizer, increases 12-15 kilograms of slow-release fertilizer per acre,
Slow-release fertilizer is increased so that nutritional need of the corn in entire growth course is protected, it can be better in the pest and disease damage high-incidence season
The infringement of pest and disease damage is resisted, ensures the yield and quality of corn.
Further, the slow-release fertilizer that increases was increased in the corn jointing stage, which increases slow-release fertilizer
For providing nutrition.
Further, the nitrogenous fertilizer in the base manure is ammonium sulfate or ammonium carbonate, and the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate or di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Ammonium, the potash fertilizer are potassium sulfate or potassium chloride.
Further, the method carries out Seeds preprocess before being additionally included in sowing, and the step of Seeds preprocess is：
Corn seed in 20 DEG C of warm water is impregnated into 2h before sowing, 10min, corn seed warp are then impregnated in 40 DEG C of warm water
Pretreatment is crossed, upgrowth situation is more preferable, can be better against pest and disease damage.
Further, the method further includes and after planting carries out field management, and the field management includes seedling management, fringe
Period management and solid management.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：
Cultivating method of crop provided by the invention can efficiently realize the disease resistance prevention of corn, occurred frequently in maize diseases
Ground is promoted, and can effectively reduce the incidence of maize diseases so that the yield of corn is increased substantially, while can also be obtained
The soybean yields that must be got bumper crops.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to embodiments to the present invention
It is specifically described.It is important to point out that following embodiment is used only for that the present invention is explained and illustrated, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.Those skilled in the art still belong to according to some nonessential modifications and adaptations that foregoing invention content is made
In protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
It is carried out in Sichuan Renshou testing site, which is corn borer disease district occurred frequently, and previous year corn borer disease is sent out
Raw rate is up to 35.3%, and the underproduction of corn mu is up to more than 18%.The river single 418 that corn seed selects fertilizer tolerability medium, soya seeds
The preferably southern beans 12 of shade tolerance are selected, carry out corn disease prevention cultivation (being denoted as this programme) as follows：
(1) site preparation ridging：In plot Qi Shuan ridges, the big a height of 6cm in ridge, width 80cm；The a height of 10cm of micro-ridge, width are
30cm；Ridge is trapezoidal ridge, and big micro-ridge joint forms seed furrow, and ridge side and bottom of trench angle are 30 °, and use half film tile mode
Overlay film is carried out, 20cm not overlay films are stayed among big ridge；
(2) corn seed in 20 DEG C of warm water is impregnated into 2h before sowing, is then impregnated in 40 DEG C of warm water
10min is pre-processed, and above-mentioned pretreated corn seed is sowed ahead of time after March 18, using wide-and narrow-row in ridge
Sowing in upper film, wide row line-spacing are 50cm, and narrow row line-spacing is 15cm, and thickness of sowing is 4500 plants/acre；After planting use sufficient corn-based
Fertilizer, the ratio containing N, P, K is 14 in corn base manure:11.5:12.5；Slow-release fertilizer is increased in the corn jointing stage, increases sustained release per acre
12 kilograms of fertilizer；
(3) 50 days after corn seeding, in overlay film region sowing soya seeds, the hill spacing of soya seeds are not on great Long ridges
8cm stays 2 plants of seedling per cave；Soybean base manure is after planting used sufficient, the ratio containing N, P, K is 23 in soybean base manure:17:10；It sows laggard
Row field management, including seedling management, ear period management and solid management.
The strain spike number of the effective strain of corn and grain number per spike growth indexes are counted, its change of production and hair are counted after corn maturation
Sick rate, and using the corn planting situation of previous year as control (when change of production is not to fall ill on the basis of gained corn yield
Calculated, volume increase is that just, the underproduction is negative), incidence is calculated according to the following formula：
Incidence (%)=(morbidity strain number/investigation total strain number) × 100；
Result of the test is as shown in table 1：
Table 1
It was found from 1 acquired results of table, using the cultural method of this programme, the yield and quality of corn can be effectively improved,
With compared with by disease, corn per mu yield can not improve 21.1%, with upper one year compared with by disease crop, per mu yield can improve 39.1%,
The incidence of corn borer disease significantly reduces, and is reduced to 8.7% from 35.3%, this programme has also obtained the soybean production for comparing good harvest
Amount, per mu yield is up to 100 kilograms or so.
Embodiment 2
It is carried out in Heilungkiang Fujin testing site, which does harm to district occurred frequently, previous year corn foxiness for maize brown spot
Disease incidence is 25.6%, and the underproduction of corn mu is up to more than 12%.Corn seed selects dolantin No. 3 sub-, and soya seeds, which are selected, to be closed
Agriculture 61 carries out corn disease prevention cultivation (being denoted as this programme) as follows：
(1) site preparation ridging：In plot Qi Shuan ridges, the big a height of 8cm in ridge, width 80cm；The a height of 12cm of micro-ridge, width are
30cm；Ridge is trapezoidal ridge, and big micro-ridge joint forms seed furrow, and ridge side and bottom of trench angle are 30 °, and use half film tile mode
Overlay film is carried out, 30cm not overlay films are stayed among big ridge；
(2) corn seed in 20 DEG C of warm water is impregnated into 2h before sowing, is then impregnated in 40 DEG C of warm water
10min is pre-processed, and above-mentioned pretreated corn seed is sowed ahead of time before and after March 30, using wide-and narrow-row in ridge
Sowing in upper film, wide row line-spacing are 60cm, and narrow row line-spacing is 20cm, and thickness of sowing is 6000 plants/acre；After planting use sufficient corn-based
Fertilizer, the ratio containing N, P, K is 14 in corn base manure:11.5:12.5；Slow-release fertilizer is increased in the corn jointing stage, increases sustained release per acre
12 kilograms of fertilizer；
(3) 50 days after corn seeding, in soybean is not sowed in overlay film region on great Long ridges, the hill spacing of soybean is 10cm, often
Stay 2 plants of seedling in cave；Soybean base manure is after planting used sufficient, the ratio containing N, P, K is 23 in soybean base manure:17:10；After planting carry out field
Management, including seedling management, ear period management and solid management.
The strain spike number of the effective strain of corn and grain number per spike growth indexes are counted, its change of production and hair are counted after corn maturation
Sick rate, and using the corn planting situation of previous year as control (when change of production is not to fall ill on the basis of gained corn yield
Calculated, volume increase is that just, the underproduction is negative), incidence is calculated according to the following formula：
Incidence (%)=(morbidity strain number/investigation total strain number) × 100；
Result of the test is as shown in table 2：
Table 2
As known from Table 2, using the cultural method of this programme, the yield and quality of corn can be effectively improved, and not by disease
Evil is compared, and corn per mu yield can improve 7.9%, and with upper one year compared with by disease crop, per mu yield can improve 19.9%, brown spot morbidity
Rate significantly reduces, and is reduced to 4.6%, which has also obtained per mu yield up to 88.6 kilograms of soybean.
Embodiment 3
It is carried out in Fuyang testing site, which does harm to district occurred frequently, previous year maize sheath blight for maize sheath blight
Incidence is 18.2%, and the underproduction of corn mu is up to more than 18%.Corn selects grand flat 267, and soybean selects Anhui beans 28, as follows
Carry out corn disease prevention cultivation (being denoted as this programme)：
(1) site preparation ridging：In plot Qi Shuan ridges, the big a height of 6~8cm in ridge, width 80cm；A height of 10~the 12cm of micro-ridge,
Width is 30cm；Ridge is trapezoidal ridge, and big micro-ridge joint forms seed furrow, and ridge side and bottom of trench angle are 30 °, and are tiled using half film
Mode carries out overlay film, and 20~30cm not overlay films are stayed among big ridge；
(2) corn seed in 20 DEG C of warm water is impregnated into 2h before sowing, is then impregnated in 40 DEG C of warm water
10min is pre-processed, and above-mentioned pretreated corn seed is sowed ahead of time before April 10, using wide-and narrow-row in ridge
Sowing in upper film, wide row line-spacing are 55cm, and narrow row line-spacing is 18cm, and thickness of sowing is 5200 plants/acre；After planting use sufficient corn-based
Fertilizer, the ratio containing N, P, K is 14 in corn base manure:11.5:12.5；Slow-release fertilizer is increased in the corn jointing stage, increases sustained release per acre
12 kilograms of fertilizer；
(3) 50 days after corn seeding, in soybean is not sowed in overlay film region on great Long ridges, the hill spacing of soybean is 9cm, per cave
Stay 2 plants of seedling；Soybean base manure is after planting used sufficient, the ratio containing N, P, K is 23 in soybean base manure:17:10；After planting carry out field pipe
Reason, including seedling management, ear period management and solid management.
The strain spike number of the effective strain of corn and grain number per spike growth indexes are counted, its change of production and hair are counted after corn maturation
Sick rate, and using the corn planting situation of previous year as control (when change of production is not to fall ill on the basis of gained corn yield
Calculated, volume increase is that just, the underproduction is negative), incidence is calculated according to the following formula：
Incidence (%)=(morbidity strain number/investigation total strain number) × 100；
Result of the test is as shown in table 3：
Table 3
As known from Table 3, using the cultural method of this programme, the yield and quality of corn can be effectively improved, and not by disease
Evil is compared, and corn per mu yield can improve 6.7%, and with upper one year compared with by disease crop, per mu yield can improve 24.7%, brown spot morbidity
Rate significantly reduces, and 3.9% is reduced to from 18.2%, which has also obtained per mu yield up to 65.9 kilograms of soybean.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of efficient disease prevention simultaneously realizes the cultivating method of crop of volume increase, which is characterized in that the described method comprises the following steps：
(1) site preparation ridging：Double ridges, the big a height of 6~8cm in ridge, width 80cm in the corn planting of upper 1 year；Micro-ridge a height of 10
~12cm, width 30cm；Ridge is trapezoidal ridge, and big micro-ridge joint forms seed furrow, and ridge side and bottom of trench angle are 30 °, and are used
Half film tile mode carries out overlay film, and 20~30cm not overlay films are stayed among big ridge；
(2) high-grade maize kind is selected, is sowed ahead of time during 18~April 10 March, using wide-and narrow-row in being broadcast on ridge in film
Kind, wide row line-spacing is 50~60cm, and narrow row line-spacing is 15~20cm, and thickness of sowing is 4500~6000 plants/acre；After planting use sufficient
Corn base manure；
(3) 50 days after corn seeding, in soybean is not sowed in overlay film region on great Long ridges, the hill spacing of soybean is 8~10cm, per cave
Stay 2 plants of seedling；After planting use sufficient soybean base manure.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the ratio containing N, P, K is 14 in the corn base manure:
11.5:12.5。
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the ratio containing N, P, K is 23 in the soybean base manure:17:
10。
4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, corn also carries out increasing slow-release fertilizer, slow-release fertilizer is increased per acre
12-15 kilograms.
5. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the slow-release fertilizer that increases was increased in the corn jointing stage
It applies.
6. according to the method in claim 2 or 3, which is characterized in that nitrogenous fertilizer in the base manure is ammonium sulfate or ammonium carbonate,
Phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate or Diammonium phosphate (DAP), and potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate or potassium chloride.
7. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, progress seed is located in advance before the method is additionally included in sowing
Reason, the step of Seeds preprocess be：Corn seed is impregnated into 2h in 20 DEG C of warm water before sowing, then then at 40 DEG C
10min is impregnated in warm water.
8. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the method, which further includes, after planting carries out field management, institute
Stating field management includes seedling management, ear period management and solid management.
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| WO2013055916A1 (en) * | 2011-10-14 | 2013-04-18 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Methods for improving seed production in maize |
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2017
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