CN108040782B

CN108040782B - Efficient disease-preventing and yield-increasing corn cultivation method

Info

Publication number: CN108040782B
Application number: CN201711189791.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 崔宝明
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2017-11-24
Filing date: 2017-11-24
Publication date: 2020-11-06
Anticipated expiration: 2037-11-24
Also published as: CN108040782A

Abstract

The invention provides a corn cultivation method capable of efficiently preventing diseases and realizing yield increase, which comprises the following steps: (1) land preparation and ridging: forming double ridges in the corn planting field, wherein the height of each large ridge is 6-8 cm, and the width of each large ridge is 80 cm; the height of each small ridge is 10-12 cm, and the width of each small ridge is 30 cm; laminating the film by adopting a half-film tiling mode, and leaving 20-30 cm of film not to be laminated in the middle of the large ridge; (2) selecting high-quality corn varieties, sowing the corn varieties in 18 days in 3 months to 10 days in 4 months, sowing the corn varieties in the film on the ridges by adopting wide and narrow rows, wherein the row spacing of the wide rows is 50-60 cm, the row spacing of the narrow rows is 15-20 cm, and the sowing density is 4500-6000 plants/mu; (3) and (3) sowing soybeans in the area without film covering on the large ridge 50 days after the corn is sowed. The cultivation method provided by the invention not only realizes the yield increase of the corn and the soybean, but also plays a role in efficiently preventing and treating corn diseases and insect pests, and realizes the great yield increase of the corn.

Description

Efficient disease-preventing and yield-increasing corn cultivation method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and particularly relates to a corn cultivation method capable of efficiently preventing diseases and increasing yield.

Background

As is well known, China is a large agricultural production country and a large population country, wherein corns have been cultivated for many years in China and even in the world as agricultural planting food crops. The corn planting area in China is very wide, the corn planting area in 7 provinces and cities in south reaches more than 7000 mu and ten thousand mu, the planting area accounts for 1/4 of the area of grain crops in China all the year round, and the total yield accounts for 1/3 of the total yield of grain crops in China. The corn belongs to a longevity food, is rich in protein, fat, vitamins, trace elements and the like, and has high nutritional value. Although the annual production capacity of corn in China is developed quickly, the annual production capacity of corn still has a large gap with the market demand of corn in China, and how to effectively improve the yield of corn is a problem facing corn cultivation at the present stage.

Researches on root systems of corns under the conditions of different densities, fertilization and cultivation modes have been reported, and proper cultivation measures are considered to improve the physicochemical characteristics of soil, promote the growth of the root systems of the corns, improve the water utilization efficiency and achieve the aim of increasing the yield. Aiming at the problems that spring climate is arid, precipitation is less, evaporation capacity in idle period is large, and the traditional mulching film covering mode cannot utilize the precipitation resource to the maximum extent in arid and semiarid regions in China, the full-film double-ridge furrow sowing cultivation technology is provided on the basis of the conventional corn mulching film cultivation technology, and the yield of corn is well improved.

However, with the change of global climate, the change of farming method and the popularization of new corn varieties, the diseases suffered by corn in China are continuously changed. Head smut, big spot, small spot, brown spot, rough dwarf, banded sclerotial blight, rust disease and the like are main diseases which currently harm the production of corns in China, and the disease and pest damage is another important factor causing the mass production reduction of corns in China. To ensure the quality and yield of the corn, not only the advanced cultivation technology but also the effective prevention and control of the corn diseases and insect pests need to be considered in the actual cultivation. At present, the prevention and control work aiming at the corn diseases and insect pests generally follows the principle of prevention as the main principle, the prevention and control of the diseases and the insect pests are carried out in advance, but few reports on good disease prevention and control in a cultivation mode are available, the yield of the corn is increased only by adopting a reasonable cultivation method, and once the corn is seriously damaged by the diseases and the insect pests, the large-area reduction can be caused. How to effectively play the purpose of preventing and treating corn diseases and insect pests from a cultivation mode, so that the influence of the corn damaged by the diseases and the insect pests is less, the further yield increase and income increase of the corn yield are realized, and the technical problem to be solved urgently in the yield increase cultivation of the corn is solved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problems, and provides a cultivation method which can effectively prevent and control diseases and further realize the yield increase of corns, so that a good disease prevention effect is obtained on the corn planting, the yield increase of the corns is greatly realized, and the market supply requirement is met.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a corn cultivation method for efficiently preventing diseases and realizing yield increase comprises the following steps:

(1) land preparation and ridging: forming double ridges in the corn planting field in the previous year, wherein the height of each large ridge is 6-8 cm, and the width of each large ridge is 80 cm; the height of each small ridge is 10-12 cm, and the width of each small ridge is 30 cm; the ridge is a trapezoidal ridge, the joint of the big ridge and the small ridge forms a sowing ditch, the included angle between the edge of the ridge and the bottom of the ditch is 30 degrees, the mulching is carried out by adopting a half-film tiling mode, and no mulching is left in the middle of the big ridge for 20-30 cm;

(2) selecting high-quality corn varieties, sowing the corn varieties in advance between 18 days in 3 months and 10 days in 4 months, sowing the corn varieties in a film on ridges by adopting wide and narrow rows, wherein the row spacing of the wide rows is 50-60 cm, the row spacing of the narrow rows is 15-20 cm, and the sowing density is 4500-6000 plants/mu; applying enough corn base fertilizer after sowing;

(3) 50 days after corn sowing, sowing soybeans in the area without film covering on the large ridge, wherein the hole distance of the soybeans is 8-10 cm, and 2 seedlings are left in each hole; and applying enough soybean base fertilizer after sowing.

By adopting the cultivation method, on one hand, the good growth environment of the corn is provided by fully combining the growth environment and habit of the corn; on the other hand, soybeans are inserted and sown at a proper time after the corns are sown, so that the corns and the soybeans realize good intercropping reaction, the yield of the corns and the soybeans is increased, meanwhile, the effect of efficiently preventing and treating corn diseases and insect pests is achieved, and the great yield of the corns is increased.

Furthermore, the proportion of N, P, K in the corn base fertilizer is 14:11.5:12.5, and by applying the corn base fertilizer, the nutritional requirement in the corn growth process can be ensured, and a more favorable nutritional guarantee is provided for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests of corn.

Furthermore, the proportion of N, P, K in the soybean base fertilizer is 23:17:10, and by adopting the application proportion of the soybean base fertilizer, the growth nutrition requirements of soybeans can be met, and on the other hand, energy guarantee is provided for resisting insect pests and diseases of corn.

Furthermore, the method also comprises the step of additionally applying the slow release fertilizer to the corn, wherein 12-15 kg of the slow release fertilizer is additionally applied to each mu, so that the nutritional requirement of the corn in the whole growth process is guaranteed, the corn can better resist the invasion of plant diseases and insect pests in the high-incidence period of the plant diseases and insect pests, and the yield and the quality of the corn are guaranteed.

Further, the fertilizing slow release fertilizer is applied in the corn jointing stage, and the fertilizing slow release fertilizer is most suitable for providing nutrition in the corn jointing stage.

Further, the nitrogen fertilizer in the base fertilizer is ammonium sulfate or ammonium carbonate, the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate or diammonium phosphate, and the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate or potassium chloride.

Further, the method also comprises the step of performing seed pretreatment before sowing, wherein the seed pretreatment comprises the following steps: before sowing, the corn seeds are soaked in warm water at 20 ℃ for 2h and then soaked in warm water at 40 ℃ for 10min, and the corn seeds are pretreated, so that the growth condition is better, and the disease and insect resistance can be better achieved.

Further, the method also comprises the step of carrying out field management after sowing, wherein the field management comprises seedling stage management, ear stage management and fruiting management.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

the corn cultivation method provided by the invention can efficiently realize disease resistance control of corn, is popularized in a high-incidence corn disease field, can effectively reduce the incidence rate of corn diseases, greatly increases the corn yield, and can obtain a high-yield soybean yield.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It is to be noted that the following examples are only for explaining and illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but rather, may be modified within the scope of the invention.

Example 1

The method is carried out at a Sichuan kernel life test point, the test point is a region with high disease incidence of the corn borers, the disease incidence rate of the corn borers in the last year is up to 35.3 percent, and the yield reduction per mu of the corn is up to more than 18 percent. Selecting Sichuan mono 418 with medium fertilizer resistance for corn seeds, selecting south bean 12 with good shade resistance for soybean seeds, and performing corn disease-prevention cultivation (marked as the scheme) according to the following method:

(1) land preparation and ridging: forming double ridges on the land, wherein the height of the large ridge is 6cm, and the width of the large ridge is 80 cm; the height of the small ridge is 10cm, and the width of the small ridge is 30 cm; the ridge is a trapezoidal ridge, the joint of the big ridge and the small ridge forms a sowing ditch, the included angle between the edge of the ridge and the bottom of the ditch is 30 degrees, the mulching is carried out by adopting a half-film tiling mode, and no mulching is left in the middle of the big ridge for 20 cm;

(2) soaking corn seeds in warm water at 20 ℃ for 2h before sowing, then soaking in warm water at 40 ℃ for 10min, performing pretreatment, sowing the pretreated corn seeds in advance after 18 days in 3 months, and sowing in a film on ridges by adopting wide and narrow rows, wherein the row spacing of the wide rows is 50cm, the row spacing of the narrow rows is 15cm, and the sowing density is 4500 plants/mu; applying enough corn base fertilizer after sowing, wherein the proportion of N, P, K in the corn base fertilizer is 14:11.5: 12.5; applying the slow release fertilizer in the jointing stage of the corn, and applying 12 kilograms of the slow release fertilizer per mu;

(3) 50 days after corn sowing, sowing soybean seeds in the region without film covering on the large ridge, wherein the hole distance of the soybean seeds is 8cm, and 2 seedlings are left in each hole; applying enough soybean base fertilizer after sowing, wherein the proportion of N, P, K in the soybean base fertilizer is 23:17: 10; and (4) after sowing, performing field management, including seedling stage management, ear stage management and seed setting management.

Counting the growth indexes of the number of ears per plant and the number of grains per ear of the effective corn plants, counting the yield change and the incidence rate of the corn plants after the corn plants are mature, taking the planting condition of the corn in one year as a reference (the yield change is calculated by taking the yield of the corn obtained when the corn is not attacked as a reference, the yield increase is positive, and the yield reduction is negative), and calculating the incidence rate according to the following formula:

incidence (%) × 100 (number of diseased plants/total number of investigated plants);

the test results are shown in table 1:

TABLE 1

The results obtained in the table 1 show that the yield and the quality of the corn can be effectively improved by adopting the cultivation method, the yield per mu of the corn can be improved by 21.1% compared with the corn which is not affected by diseases, the yield per mu can be improved by 39.1% compared with the crop which is affected by diseases in the last year, the disease incidence rate of the corn borer diseases is obviously reduced from 35.3% to 8.7%, and the yield per mu of the soybean which is relatively high can reach about 100 kilograms.

Example 2

The method is carried out at a test point of Fujin in Heilongjiang, the test point is a high-incidence area of the corn brown spot diseases, the incidence rate of the corn brown spot diseases in the last year is 25.6 percent, and the yield reduction per mu of the corn is more than 12 percent. Corn seeds select Demeia No. 3, soybean seeds select Henong 61, and corn disease-prevention cultivation (marked as the scheme) is carried out according to the following method:

(1) land preparation and ridging: forming double ridges on the land, wherein the height of each large ridge is 8cm, and the width of each large ridge is 80 cm; the height of the small ridge is 12cm, and the width of the small ridge is 30 cm; the ridge is a trapezoidal ridge, the joint of the big ridge and the small ridge forms a sowing ditch, the included angle between the edge of the ridge and the bottom of the ditch is 30 degrees, the mulching is carried out by adopting a half-film tiling mode, and no mulching is left in the middle of the big ridge for 30 cm;

(2) soaking corn seeds in warm water at 20 ℃ for 2h before sowing, then soaking in warm water at 40 ℃ for 10min, performing pretreatment, sowing the pretreated corn seeds in advance before 3 months and 30 days later, and sowing in a film on a ridge by adopting wide and narrow rows, wherein the row spacing of the wide rows is 60cm, the row spacing of the narrow rows is 20cm, and the sowing density is 6000 plants/mu; applying enough corn base fertilizer after sowing, wherein the proportion of N, P, K in the corn base fertilizer is 14:11.5: 12.5; applying the slow release fertilizer in the jointing stage of the corn, and applying 12 kilograms of the slow release fertilizer per mu;

(3) 50 days after corn sowing, sowing soybeans in the area without film covering on the large ridge, wherein the hole distance of the soybeans is 10cm, and 2 seedlings are left in each hole; applying enough soybean base fertilizer after sowing, wherein the proportion of N, P, K in the soybean base fertilizer is 23:17: 10; and (4) after sowing, performing field management, including seedling stage management, ear stage management and seed setting management.

the test results are shown in table 2:

TABLE 2

As can be seen from the table 2, by adopting the cultivation method of the scheme, the yield and the quality of the corn can be effectively improved, the yield per mu of the corn can be improved by 7.9% compared with the corn which is not damaged, the yield per mu can be improved by 19.9% compared with the crop which is damaged in the last year, the incidence rate of the brown spot is obviously reduced to 4.6%, and the soybean with the yield per mu of 88.6 kg can be obtained by adopting the cultivation method.

Example 3

The method is carried out at an Anhui Fuyang test point, which is a high-incidence area of the maize sheath blight disease, the incidence rate of maize sheath blight disease in the last year is 18.2%, and the yield reduction of maize acres reaches more than 18%. Corn is selected from Longping 267, soybean is selected from Anhui bean 28, and corn disease-prevention cultivation (marked as the scheme) is carried out according to the following method:

(1) land preparation and ridging: forming double ridges on the land, wherein the height of each large ridge is 6-8 cm, and the width of each large ridge is 80 cm; the height of each small ridge is 10-12 cm, and the width of each small ridge is 30 cm; the ridge is a trapezoidal ridge, the joint of the big ridge and the small ridge forms a sowing ditch, the included angle between the edge of the ridge and the bottom of the ditch is 30 degrees, the mulching is carried out by adopting a half-film tiling mode, and no mulching is left in the middle of the big ridge for 20-30 cm;

(2) soaking corn seeds in warm water at 20 ℃ for 2h before sowing, then soaking in warm water at 40 ℃ for 10min, performing pretreatment, sowing the pretreated corn seeds in advance before 10 days in 4 months, and sowing in a film on ridges by adopting wide and narrow rows, wherein the row spacing of the wide rows is 55cm, the row spacing of the narrow rows is 18cm, and the sowing density is 5200 plants/mu; applying enough corn base fertilizer after sowing, wherein the proportion of N, P, K in the corn base fertilizer is 14:11.5: 12.5; applying the slow release fertilizer in the jointing stage of the corn, and applying 12 kilograms of the slow release fertilizer per mu;

(3) 50 days after corn sowing, sowing soybeans in the area without film covering on the large ridge, wherein the hole distance of the soybeans is 9cm, and 2 seedlings are left in each hole; applying enough soybean base fertilizer after sowing, wherein the proportion of N, P, K in the soybean base fertilizer is 23:17: 10; and (4) after sowing, performing field management, including seedling stage management, ear stage management and seed setting management.

the test results are shown in table 3:

TABLE 3

As can be seen from the table 3, by adopting the cultivation method of the scheme, the yield and the quality of the corn can be effectively improved, the yield per mu of the corn can be improved by 6.7% compared with the corn which is not damaged, the yield per mu can be improved by 24.7% compared with the crop which is damaged in the last year, the incidence rate of the brown spot is remarkably reduced from 18.2% to 3.9%, and the yield per mu of the soybeans which can reach 65.9 kg is obtained by adopting the cultivation method.

Claims

1. A corn cultivation method capable of efficiently preventing diseases and realizing yield increase is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(2) selecting a high-quality corn variety, and performing seed pretreatment before sowing, wherein the steps are as follows: soaking corn seeds in warm water at 20 ℃ for 2h before sowing, then soaking in warm water at 40 ℃ for 10min, sowing in advance in 18 days 3-4 months 10 days, adopting wide and narrow rows to sow on a ridge in a film mode, wherein the row spacing of the wide rows is 50-60 cm, the row spacing of the narrow rows is 15-20 cm, and the sowing density is 4500-6000 plants/mu; applying enough corn base fertilizer after sowing, wherein the proportion of N, P, K in the corn base fertilizer is 14:11.5: 12.5;

(3) 50 days after corn sowing, sowing soybeans in the area without film covering on the large ridge, wherein the hole distance of the soybeans is 8-10 cm, and 2 seedlings are left in each hole; and applying enough soybean base fertilizer after sowing, wherein the ratio of N, P, K in the soybean base fertilizer is 23:17: 10.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the corn is further subjected to increased application of slow release fertilizers, wherein the increased application of slow release fertilizers is 12-15 kilograms per acre.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the enhanced slow release fertilizer is enhanced during the jointing stage of corn.

4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer in the base fertilizer is ammonium sulfate or ammonium carbonate, the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate or diammonium phosphate, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate or potassium chloride.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising performing field management after seeding, the field management comprising seedling management, ear management, and fruiting management.