CN1079812C - 乙烯-丙烯聚合物共混物的生产方法 - Google Patents

乙烯-丙烯聚合物共混物的生产方法 Download PDF

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CN1079812C
CN1079812C CN94109515A CN94109515A CN1079812C CN 1079812 C CN1079812 C CN 1079812C CN 94109515 A CN94109515 A CN 94109515A CN 94109515 A CN94109515 A CN 94109515A CN 1079812 C CN1079812 C CN 1079812C
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E·J·奥利维尔
R·T·帕特森
P·N·努格拉
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Abstract

公开了一种共混物及其制备方法,其中对高乙烯含量乙烯一丙烯聚合物和低乙烯含量乙烯一丙烯聚合物同时共混和剪切,以降低其分子量和分子量分布;这种方法采用常规塑料加工设备以固体形式得到产物。剪切的聚合物共混物起着改进了低温性的剪切稳定的粘定指数改进剂的作用。

Description

乙烯-丙烯聚合物共混物的生产方法
本发明涉及乙烯-丙烯聚合物,更具体地说,涉及由同时共混和剪切聚合物以降低其分子量和分子量分布而得到的这类聚合物的共混物。本发明的乙丙聚合物所具有的独特的性质使其能在传统的塑料加工设备中加工。
乙丙聚合物已经知道很长时间,并用于多种应用。例如,这类共聚物(在本技术领域中常常被称作为烯烃共聚物或OCP)长期以来当作发动机油粘度指数改进剂。除了这种应用之外,这类聚合物还广泛用作塑料组合物的冲击改性剂。
就用于润滑油组合物而言,乙丙聚合物能提供给混合了OCP的润滑油组合物高增稠作用,从而提高了整个组合物的粘度指数。增稠本领常定义为与油和稀释油混合的OCP稀释液的运动粘度中的差别。例如,含1-2%OCP提供6-7厘沲增稠本领(于100℃测定)的油溶液一般显示了可接受的粘度指数改进性。
对于所给的聚合物类,分子量越高,含OCP润滑油的粘度就越高。不过,高分子量聚合物在发动机操作中常见的剪切和高温条件下有较高的分解的倾向。因此,粘度指数改进性依赖于OCP增稠作用及其降解倾向性之间的平衡性(称作剪切稳定性)。剪切稳定性一般定义为在标准条件下减切时粘度失效的百分数。在OCP中粘度失效值低于30%一般代表粘度指数改进剂OCP是剪切稳定性的,这一术语为本领域中所理解的。
粘度指数改进剂的所要求的另一特征是低温粘度,它涉及在冷天气起动过程中发动机起动的容易程度。理想的粘度指数改进剂在低温时的粘度影响非常小,而在发动机工作温度下粘度影响很大。同时,理想的粘度指数改进剂降解的倾向性很低,因此在发动机工作温度下显示出高剪切稳定性。
所以,在配制满足所需各种条件的润滑油中,一般是选择提供成本最低、包括操作下的粘度、剪切稳定性和低温粘度在内的所有特性的最佳平衡的那样的聚合物。
过去,本技术领域是用固体无定形乙丙聚合物作为粘度指数改进剂。当选择乙丙聚合物时,选择分子量,以便聚合物在油分散工艺以后会提供剪切稳定的粘度指数改进作用。这些固体乙丙聚合物一般在油分散(溶液法)过程中被减切,导致获得低分子量乙丙聚合物。这些低分子量乙丙聚合物的油浓溶物由油配制者作为粘度指数改进剂包装而使用。溶于油中的剪切的乙丙聚合物如果单独分开或制成纯的,则不再是稳定的固体,而且会显示出极冷流性或以粘油状存在。在现有技术中使用的这类乙丙聚合物粘度指数改进剂一般显示出减低溶液粘度,即RSV(于135℃对0.05wt.%聚合物溶液测定)。当它们提供了剪切稳定的粘度指数改进作用时低于约1.5d/g。接近RSV限,这类乙丙聚合物很难回收和包装。随着RSV降低,这样的处置问题甚至更严重,使得在低于1.4dl/g的RSV下不可能回收这样的乙丙聚合物,因为乙丙聚合物显示出过度的冷流性或基本上呈液相。
所以,已发现使用RSV低于1.5dl/g的乙丙聚合物要求更精确的回收聚合物的技术。另外,这类聚合物可能很粘,因此需要合适的容器进行特殊包装。
过去对于处理这种含5-20wt.%乙丙聚合物粘度指数改进剂的浓缩油溶液的聚合物的努力,由于要求大量的其中必须分散粘度指数改进剂的油和这又导致运输成本额外增高,以及在某些情况下油的成本过高的缺点,因此仅取得有限的成功,即使聚合物是关注的组分。
现有技术认为必须改进这类粘度指数改进剂的低温性能。例如,美国专利4,507,515介绍了聚合物组合物的共混物,其中主要组分具有低乙烯含量,以共混物的重量计,次要组分一般含量为10wt.%以下。类似地,美国专利3,697,429同样介绍了高和低乙烯含量的共混物的使用,以获得润滑油组合物的低温性质的改进作用。这两篇现有技术专利的缺点之一是它们没有叙述主要和次要组分作为固体处理的任何技术。
加拿大专利911792公开了一种剪切高分子量聚合物以制备具有所需分子量而不改变分子量分布、用作粘度指数改进剂的聚合物的方法。不过,该专利认为需要一种由剪切聚合物形成的剪切稳定的固体组合物,以降低其分子量及其分子量分布。
本发明致力于提供一种起着剪切稳定的粘度指数改进剂的作用的无油或固体聚合物。按照本发明的构思,本发明的乙烯-丙烯聚合物是一种同时剪切和共混的、含高乙烯含量的乙烯-丙烯聚合物和低乙烯含量的乙烯-丙烯聚合物的共混物的产物,由此该剪切的共混物的物理性能使其能够利用常规的塑料加工设备得以回收。因此,其中两组分同时共混和剪切的本发明的组合物可用作粘度指数改进剂;与(a)用于制备共混物的两组分之一和(b)由其它共混技术制得的同样的两组分共混物相比,具有改进的低温特性。本发明的共混物不仅起着粘度指数改进剂的作用,而且还可用于改进各种塑料如聚酰胺或尼龙、聚酯、聚烯烃等热塑性和热固性组合物的冲击强度,或者用作橡胶/橡胶共混物的抗臭氧剂。
因此,本发明的一个具体目的是提供一种克服了现有技术不足的固体乙烯-丙烯聚合物(乙丙聚合物)共混物。
本发明的又一个目的是提供乙丙聚合物共混物及其制备方法,该共混物可用于改进润滑油组合物的粘度指数,以及作为塑料组合物的冲击强度改进剂,其中对该共混物进行同时共混和剪切,以降低每种乙丙聚合物组分的分子量和分子量分布。
本发明又一目的是提供一种能用常规塑料加工设备制备的固体乙丙聚合物共混物。
本发明的这些和其它目的和优点通过以下说明将更容易理解。
本发明的构思在于一种共混物及其制备方法,其中对高乙烯含量的乙丙聚合物和低乙烯含量的乙丙聚合物进行同时共混和剪切,以利用常规的塑料加工设备得到能以固体回收的产物。令人意外地发现,剪切的共混物起着改进了低温特性的剪切稳定的粘度指数改进剂的作用。这种共混物也可用于其它应用,值得注意地是作为塑料的冲击强度改进剂、热固性组合物组分或作为橡胶/橡胶共混物的抗臭氧剂。
按照本发明的特征,在进行同时共混和剪切中,两种乙烯-丙烯组分经过剪切降低了分子量和分子量分布(MWD),得到一种室温粘度提高了的紧密混合物。
用于实施本发明的乙丙聚合物意指包括乙烯-丙烯共聚物或乙烯和丙烯以及其它α-烯烃的共聚物,和通过共聚合乙烯、α-烯烃和至少一种其它多烯单体形成的共聚物。这样的聚合物本身是本领域公知的,一般是用本领域公知的传统的齐格勒纳塔型聚合技术加以制备。前面两类聚合物以下统称作EP(D)M。
本领域专业人员是可以理解,尽管丙烯是用于乙烯跟选加的二烯烃单体共聚的优选单体,但可以使用其它C4-C12α-烯烃代替丙烯。用这种高级α-烯烃替代丙烯是齐格勒技术领域专业人员公知的。
当使用乙烯、α-烯烃和多烯烃单体的共聚物时,可以使用本领域专业人员公知的含两个或多个碳-碳双键、含4-20个碳原子的多种多烯烃,包括无环多烯烃单体、单环多烯烃单体和多环多烯烃单体。这类化合物的代表例是1,4-己二烯、二环戊二烯、二环〔2,2,1〕庚-2,5-二烯(通称作降冰片二烯)、以及链烯基降冰片烯,其中链烯基含1-20个碳原子、优选1-12个碳原子。某些这样的化合物的例子是5-亚甲基-2-降冰片烯、5-亚乙基-2-降冰片烯、乙烯基降冰片烯以及烷基降冰片二烯。
在用于本发明的构思的乙丙聚合物中还包括利用自由基接枝反应或接枝聚合反应官能化的EPM和EPDM聚合物。这类接枝聚合物本身是本领域专业人员公知的。合适的接枝单体包括不饱和二羧酸酐及其相应的酸,优选具有以下通式的那些化合物:其中R是C0-4烷基,Y优选是氢,但也可以是有机基团,如支链或直链烷基、酸酐、酮基、杂环基或其它C1-12有机基团。另外,Y可以是卤素,如氯、溴或碘。X可以是OH或烷氧基,其中烷基含1-8个碳原子。在那些接枝单体中优选马来酐、依康酸酐。
作为官能化EPM或EPDM共聚物用的接枝单体,烯属不饱和羧酸单体的衍生物也是适用的,例如丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸,或它们的酯,接枝单体同样为本领域专业人员公知的。典型地,丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸衍生物含有4-16个碳原子。在丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸接枝单体中,优选具有以下结构的那结单体:
Figure C9410951500111
其中R1是氢或C1-4烷基(如甲基,乙基,等等),R2选自C1-C8烷基,酮官能的烷基,环氧官能的烷基,-NH2或-NR2,其中R可以是氢或C1-C8烃且两个R基不必相同。在丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸接枝单体中,特别优选甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯和甲基丙烯酸氨基丙酯,以及丙烯酰胺。
可用于官能化EPM或EPDM共聚物的另一类接枝单体是C2-25乙烯基胺,优选杂环乙烯基胺。这类胺本身已知为官能化接枝单体,包括烯丙基胺、N-乙烯基吡啶、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、乙烯基内酰胺、乙烯基咔唑、乙烯基咪唑和乙烯基噻唑,代表例为2-乙烯基吡啶、N-乙烯基吡咯烷、乙烯基己内酰胺、1-乙烯基咪唑、烯丙基胺、4-甲基-5-乙烯基噻唑和9-乙烯基咔唑。这样的接枝单体在美国专利4,340,689中做了介绍,其公开内容在此并入本文作参考。
本领域专业人员可以理解,在实施本发明中同样可以使用现有技术中介绍的、适用于官能化这类EPM和EPDM共聚物的其它乙烯基单体。这样的其它乙烯基化合物的例子是乙烯基硅烷和乙烯基苄基卤,代表例是乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基二乙基氯硅烷、乙烯基苄基氯,等等。在美国专利4,340,689中介绍了适用的硅烷单体的进一步情况,其公开内容在此并入本文作参考。
如上所述,同时共混和剪切制得的本发明的组合物用两种不同的乙丙聚合物作起始物,一种的特征是低乙烯含量,而另一种的特征是高乙烯含量。低乙烯含量的乙丙聚合物的聚合的乙烯/丙烯摩尔比在35/65-65/35之间,优选摩尔比为50/50-65/35。当作为剪切稳定的固体粘度指数改进剂掺入到共混物中时,乙烯与丙烯的摩尔比为50/50-60/40。当乙丙聚合物还包括第三种多烯烃组分时,该多烯烃单体的用量一般为聚合物总重的约0.1-约10%,优选0.2-5%(重量)。不过,当使用优选的多烯烃单体乙烯基降冰片烯时,最优选的范围是0.1-1%(重量)。当乙丙单体与一种接枝单体接枝以官能化具有或没有多烯烃的乙丙聚合物时,根据最终接枝聚合物的应用情况,最好使用0.1-6wt%接枝单体。
根据在135℃三氯苯中的GPC侧定,低乙烯含量乙丙聚合物的数均分子量约40,000-约250,000。在本发明的优选实施方案中,低乙烯含量乙丙聚合物具有约2-7的分子量分布。本领域专业人员完全知道,分子量分布(常指的是Mw/Mn)是利用公知的技术,尤其是前述凝胶渗透色谱法测定的。
用于制备本发明组合物的第二组分是高乙烯含量的组分。在本发明的优选实施方案中,高乙烯含量乙丙聚合物具有约65/35-约85/15的聚合的乙烯/丙烯摩尔比。当作为剪切稳定的固体粘度指数改进剂掺入共混物时,乙烯丙烯的优选比为70/30-80/20。一般来说,在制备上述第一种高乙烯含量乙丙聚合物中,使用等量的多烯单体和接枝单体。不过可以理解,高乙烯含量聚合物的组成不必与用于低乙烯含量乙丙聚合物的单体组成相同。在本发明的优选实施方案中,高乙烯含量乙丙聚合物的数均分子量根据上述三氯苯中GPC测定,同样在约40,000-约250,000。高乙烯含量乙丙聚合物的分子量分布落在约2-7的相同范围内。
本领域专业人员可以理解,低乙烯含量乙丙聚合物是一种实质上为无定形的无规共聚物。本领域专业人员都知道,聚合物的结晶度经常大多是通过差式扫描量热法(DSC)测定的。通过使用这种标准,低乙烯含量乙丙聚合物根据DSC测定一般具有3wt%以下的结晶度。另一方面,高乙烯含量乙丙聚合物具有较高的结晶度,根据DCS测定至多约25%。典型地,高乙烯含量聚合物的结晶度根据DSC测定约为6-20%。
因此,本发明的特征之一是同时共混和剪切用于制备本发明的组合物的两组分导致了实质上无定形的聚合物与具有可测结晶度的聚合物的共混。这体现了一个优点:即同时共混和剪切导致形成的固体聚合物没有或几乎没有象以前用作粘度指数改进剂的OCP和聚合成类似分子量的其它EP(D)M或其共混物那样的冷流性的倾向。
当按照本发明的构思同时共混和剪切时,这两组分利用提供给共混物的热和剪切能进行化学反应。反应导致共混物分子量下降以及共混物分子量分布的下降。一般来说,与用于制备共混物的这两组分的40,000-250,000数均分子量相比,当共混物的数均分子量控制在约20,000-约150,000范围内时得到良好的结果。用作剪切稳定的固体粘度指数改进剂的共混物的优选数均分子量为20,000-75,000。同时共混和剪切后组合物的分子量分布一般在约1.5-约5范围内。所需的共混物分子量和分子量分布根据其具体目的用途确定。
低乙烯含量乙丙聚合物和高乙烯含量乙丙聚合物共混物的相对比例在某种程度上取决于本发明组合物的应用。一般来说,当低乙烯含量组分与高乙烯含量组分的重量比为80/20-约50/50、优选70/30-约60/40时,得到了良好的结果。
在按照本发明的构思进行同时共混和剪切时,在足以产生高剪切条件的热和机械工的条件下,使该乙丙聚合物两组分彼此接触一段时间,以使这两组分的分子量和分子量分布足以降低到具体目的应用所需的水平。在多种公知类型的塑料加工设备如单螺杆或双螺杆挤出机、Banbury以及其它对诸组分能产生机械工的混合机中进行这种操作,以便在高温情况下实现将分子量和分子量分布降低到所需水平。部分地根据所需分子量降低情况以及所需操作时间来确定温度、流速和螺杆速度等条件,以使操作最为经济。一般来说,某种程度上取决于组分的组成,操作温度采用150℃-400℃,优选175℃-320℃。优选实施方案是使用双螺杆挤出机。
乙丙聚合物组分一般以碎块的包装形式同时供给挤出机比较方便,在挤出机中这些组分被共混,同时剪切。本领域专业人员都知道,这些组分也可以预混合包装形式或预混合的碎块聚集体形式提供。
在挤出机的进料段维持通入氮气,以最大限度地减少空气的引入。
研磨的橡胶包装与0.1-0.2wt%(以共混聚合物总重计)抗氧剂一起加到双螺杆挤出机中以防止在加工和贮存中聚合物共混物过度氧化。抗氧剂的选择取决于混合机中的操作温度以及目的应用。
通过塑料加工领域常用的多种方法一般可将共混和剪切的热熔体制成粒料。它们包括水下造粒、螺带或线料切粒、或传送带冷却。当热熔体强度不足以形成线料时,优选的方法是在水下造粒。造料过程中的温度不应超过30℃。视情况,也可以在造粒过程中往冷却水中加入表面活性剂以防止粒料凝集。
可将共混和剪切的粒料的水混合物输送到干燥机如离心式干燥机中用以脱除水份。可将粒料收集到任意大小的盒子或塑料袋中便用贮存和运输。在室温贮存和运输的条件下,粒料可能会凝结并粘在一起。这可通过轻微的机械方法很容易分离,得到的高表面积的粒料容易迅速地溶于油中或与诸如橡胶和塑料之类的其它材料混合。
根据目的用途的需要,当把粒料传送到包装设备时,也可以视情况施用分配剂,如滑石、金属硬脂酸盐和聚烯烃粉剂,以防止贮存过程中发生结块。
在实施本发明中意外发现,在同时剪切和共混后组合物的性质明显与用于制备该共混物的两组分中的每一种不同,而且也明显与通过其它方法制得的共混物的性质不同。不是为了在理论上限制本发明,但据信,在进行本发明中有效地共混低乙烯含量乙丙聚合物和高乙烯含量乙丙聚合物很重要,以便对于彼此存在的两组分的每一种来说,共混和剪切同时进行。例如,已发现,如果两组分单独剪切以降低分子量和分子量分布,之后再一起共混会得到不同的性质。的确,甚至发现由同时共混和剪切低乙烯含量乙丙聚合物和高乙烯含量乙丙聚合物制得的组合物的性质与在聚合反应本身控制每种组分的分子量(以便每种组分的分子量和分子量分布与最终共混物的相同)然后共混这两组分聚合物得到的共混物性质明显不同。
图1说明了这种作用,该图是用动态机械分析仪测得的复数粘度作为温度函数的曲线图。本领域专业人员可以理解,需要克服现有技术与聚合物回收、包装和贮存有关的问题以维持室温下共混物的粘度和/或结晶度的高水平。图1曲线I的曲线示出了本发明的实施例,它是通过同时共混和剪切数均分子量约52,000的高乙烯含量的EPDM和数均分子量约87,000的低乙烯含量EPDM到结合的数均子量35,000而制备的。由图1的曲线可见,随着降低温度,复数粘度从较低水平迅速加大。
通过将本发明组合物的曲线I与没经过剪切的数均分子量约43,000的高乙烯含量聚合物的更高结晶度的乙丙聚合物(标为A)的曲线II进行比较,可以看出本发明出乎意料的一个特点。由图1可见,由DCS测定结晶度为7wt.%的本发明的组合物(曲线I)所具有的作为温度函数的复数粘度,与由DSC测定结晶度为22wt.%的且因缺乏冷贮存稳定性而完全不适用作粘度指数改进剂的乙丙聚合物A的非常相似。当使用这种较高结晶度的乙丙聚合物作聚合物A润滑油添加剂时,存在一种在贮存的油溶液中形成可见凝胶的倾向。本发明的组合物由于是实质上无定形的且结晶聚合物同时紧密共混和剪切,因此没有或几乎没有象聚合物A那样形成凝胶的倾向性,同时随着温度提高,提供了基本上可比的粘度指数改进特征。
图1还说明了本发明其它所有出乎意料的特性。用于制备本发明组合物的相同的EPDM聚合物经单独的剪切、溶液共混和分离产生曲线III。将该曲线与代表本发明组合物的曲线I进行比较表明,本发明的组合物作为温度的函数的复数粘度远优于经单独剪切然后一起共混的相同起始聚合物的复数粘度。这种比较因此说明了在用于制备本发明组合物的两组分均存在下进行剪切操作的重要性。
由通过溶液共混EPM两组分聚合物(由常规聚合法制得的A和B)制得的组合物的曲线IV进一步说明了这种相同的效果,由此其分子量可与剪切的聚合物C(E)和剪切的聚合物D(F)进行比较。A加B的共混物的数均分子量约为38,000,这基本上与曲线I表示的本发明的组合物的数均分子量相同,后者的数均分子量约为35,000。曲线IV与曲线III类似,进一步将本发明组合物与明显通过共混制得的组合物区分出。
在常规塑料加工设备中同时共混和剪切获得的本发明的组合物提供了远优于通过直接聚合聚合物或将其单独剪切然后共混得到的类似分子量的共混物的作为温度函数的复数粘度。并不想在理论上限制本发明,但据信,同时共混和剪切的方法提供了一种在加工和贮存过程中显示了完好结晶度的混合物,而且在溶于溶液时,其行为更象常规无定形粘度指数改进剂。由图2可见,这种增大作为温度的函数的复数粘度现象不是两组分聚合物特定比的人工制品,在图2中,曲线VII代表50/50共混物,曲线VIII代表70/30共混物,曲线IX代表由本发明的方法制得的聚合物D和C的60/40共混物。曲线V和VI代表每种剪切单独进行的剪切的聚合物D(F)和剪切的聚合物C(E)。与图1的曲线I(65/35共混物)类似,曲线VII、VIII和IX显示了与高结晶度乙丙聚合物类似的室温复数粘度。聚合物E(曲线VI)测得DSC结晶度为15wt%。
提供以下实施例进一步说明本发明。
用于证明本发明的构思的物料包括以下几种:
聚合物A:用常规聚合法制得的含76-80mol%乙烯、Mn43,000、MED1.8、RSV1.3且DSC结晶度22wt%的乙丙共聚物(EPM)
聚合物B:用常规聚合法制得的含59mol%乙烯、Mn37,000、MED2.1、RSV1.1且无DSC结晶度的无定形EPM。
聚合物C:用常规聚合法制得的含78mol%乙烯、0.2-0.4wt%乙烯基降冰片烯、Mn52,000、MWD2.9、RSV2.6且DSC结晶度13.5wt%的EPDM。
聚合物D:用常规方法制得的含59mol%乙烯、0.5-0.9wt%乙烯基降冰片烯、Mn87,000,MED3.8、RSV2.0且DSC结晶度0.5wt%的无定形EPDM。
聚合物E:将聚合物C剪切到RSV1.3、GPC测得的Mn34,000、MED1.9、DSC结晶度15.3wt%制得的EPDM,剪切通过实施例1的方法进行。
聚合物F:将聚合物D剪切到RSV1.0、GPC测定的Mn27,000、DSC结晶度1.0wt%制得的EPDM,剪切通过实施例1的方法进行。
聚合物G:用常规聚合法制得的含56mol%乙烯、Mn54,000、MWD2.3、RSV1.7,且溶液接枝了1.2wt%N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮的无定形EPM。
对乙丙聚合物、其共混物和这些共混物的油浓缩物进行以下鉴定和试验。
结晶度:由在Perkin-Elmer DSC-7差示扫描量热计上通过将条件化的熔融试样由180℃冷却到-80℃得到的差示热分析图计算结晶度(wt%)。
凝胶渗透色谱法:采用以苯乙烯标准为基准的通用校准曲线(分子量3000-3,000,000),使用于135℃操作的Waters 150CALC/GPC,对溶于三氯苯的聚合物试样测定数均分子量(Mn)和分子量分布。
运动粘度:按照ASTM-D445测定。增稠本领(TP)是于100℃测定的UI改进剂的稀释液和稀释油之间的差值,用厘沲(CST)表示。
剪切稳定性指数:按照ASTM-D3945(A)测定。剪切稳定性指数(SSI)测测如下: SSI = Vbs - Vas TP × 100 % 其中:Vbs和Vas定义为分别在剪切前后的聚合物溶液的粘度。
TP定义为由Vbs和溶剂粘度之差测得的增稠本领。
(Vbs-Vas)是按照ASTM方法D-3945(Proc.A)测得的粘度损失。
Bench分散性:将被测VI改进剂样品掺入配制的油(其中不含任何分散剂)中以制备VI改进剂于配制的油中的10wt%溶液。然后,将这种油溶液在Bench分散性试验中测定分散性。在Bench分散性试验中,将该试验油的分散性与在试验中给出优良、良好、中等结晶的三个参考油标准的分散性进行比较。试验结果的数字值随着分散剂活性的增大而下降。高于150的数值代表样品不提供分散性。
冷贮存性(CSS):采用超低温环境箱(Ther motron S-AC)测定含被测的VI-改进剂的机油的冷贮存性。该试验能测定在冷温条件下配方的稳定性。在-60-4°F的温度采用18小时冷温循环。在所示条件下贮存八星期后于10°F检测样品。目测溶液评为优良、良好、差、坏。
倾点(PP):按照ASTM-D97测定。
冷摇动模拟器(CCS):按ASTM-D2602(于-25℃)测定
微旋转粘度计(MRV):按ASTM-3829测定。
比较例1
将65g B和35gA溶于两升己烷中制备65wt%聚合物B和35wt%聚合物A的共混物。溶液搅拌过度,然后用过量的异丙醇凝结。共混物经过滤、喷涂0.1wt%Irganox 1076溶液的甲苯溶液,然后于50℃真空干燥。经测定,回收的共混物的Mn为38,000,MWDl.9,DSC结晶度6.4wt%。
比较例2
按照比较例1的方法制备65wt%聚合物F和35wt%聚合物E的共混物。经测定,回收的共混物Mn为32,000,MWD2.5,DSC结晶度7.4wt%。
实施例1:用挤出机同时共混和剪切聚合物D和C制备不同比例的共混物
将聚合物C和D独立地切成1/4英寸的颗粒并加到长径比(L/D)42的Werner&Pfleiderer ZSK30同向旋转的双螺杆挤出机中。控制聚合物的加料速率以获得所需比例。使用每小时10-20磅的结合加料速率。
挤出机的温度分布维持在以下六个区的范围:(1)175-200℃,(2)230-290℃,(3)250-320℃,(4)250-320℃,(5)150-200℃,以及(6)150-200℃。这使得平均熔体温度为180-350℃,扭矩45-75,螺杆速度200rpm。通过将圆柱形挤出机温度分布在下述范围变化得到具有相同的混合比但RSVs不同的剪切的产物。
将剪切的熔体制成线材,并在水浴中冷却,然后造粒。于60°-70℃空气烘箱中干燥湿颗粒。
在不同的机筒温度及聚合物C和D四个不同比值下制备共混物以变化最终共混物分子量(按照RSV测定)。在表I中将它们与采用以上方法单独剪切制得的比较例E和F做比较:
                                    表I
1-# D/C比   平均机筒温度,℃    剪切的RST 备注
    1 (100/0)a     227     1.00 ·比较聚合物F(剪切的聚合物D)
    2     70/30     235     1.0
    3     70/30     212     1.2
    4     70/30     208     1.2
    5     65/35     226     0.9
    6     65/35     217     1.1
    7     65/35     218     1.2
    8     65/35     216     1.3
    9     60/40     231     0.9
    10     60/40     224     1.0
    11     60/40     215     1.1
    12     60/40     207     1.2
    13     50/50     219     1.2
    14     (0/100)a     257     1.3     比较聚合物E(剪切的聚合物C)
a见备注
实施例2:制备油溶液并作为粘度指数改进剂进行检测
在具有机械搅拌的玻璃反应器中,通过在氮气下于212-320°F加热,将实施例1和2中制得的聚合物共混物溶于溶剂中性油(其SUS于100°F为100)。然后,将浓缩物用倾点抑制溶剂中性油(其SUS于100°F为130)稀释,形成运动粘度约11.5-cSt油溶液。按照上述ASTM方法测定油溶液。结果归纳在表II中。
                                            表II
2-# RSV     TP(cst)     SSI(%)     CCS(cP)     MRV(cP) PF CSS1
    1     1.00     6.8     24     3950   32,850     -36     好
    2     1.0     6.6     22     3650   16,200     -30     好
    3     1.2     6.4     22     3650   16,100     -30     好
    4     1.2     6.5     23     3600   14,700     -30     好
    5     0.9     6.6     16     3800   15,100     -30     好
    6     1.1     6.5     22     3500   20,500     -30     好
7 1.2 6.5 27 3550 13,800 -33
    8     1.3     6.4     30     3300   14,200     -33     好
    9     0.9     6.5     18     3700   14,300     -30     好
    10     1.0     6.6     21     3350   15,600     -30     好
    11     1.1     6.6     26     3450   14,800     -33     好
    12     1.2     6.8     30     3450   15,000     -30     好
    13     1.2     6.5     22     3450   11,200     -30     好
    14     1.3     6.4     20     3000   16,700     -18     坏
“好”意指在低温贮存时不形成凝胶。“坏”意指在2星期低温贮存过程中形成凝胶。
实施例3:变化挤出机条件同时共混和剪切
在Werner&Pfleiderer ZSK-58逆向旋转双螺杆挤出机上制备65wt%D和35wt%C的共混物,以检测螺杆速度和设计对共混物分子量(以RSV测定)和油溶液特性、增稠本领和剪切稳定性指数的影响。采用以下工序。
将聚合物C和D独立地切成1/4英寸颗粒并单独加到两个用于计量入挤出机中的失重加料器中。控制聚合物的加料速度,以获得目的用途特性所需的比值。采用每小时100-150Kg结合的加料速度。挤出机L/D在24-45之间变化。进料段中也通入氮气,以使挤出机引入的空气量为最少。用定容螺杆加料器给挤出机加料段计量入以C和D总加料速度计0.2wt%Western 618 F1的附加加料。
维持挤出机的温度以产生230℃-314℃的平均熔体温度。螺杆速度在180-400RPM之间变化。通过气孔将挤出机排气,以便了除掉挥发性物质和避免熔体发泡。采用10-30℃水温的熔体造粒法。湿颗粒加到于室温操作的离心干燥机中。
采用方法例2制备油溶液。结果归纳在于III中。
表III
3-#   结合加料速率kg/hr 挤出机L/D RPM   平均机筒温度℃ 螺杆设计a RSV TBCSt SSI(%)
    1     100     24   200     233     1     1.7   14     42
    2     100     24   300     259     1     1.1   7.6     19
    3     100     24   400     230     1     1.6   11.7     37
    4     150     45   300     275     2     1.1   7.1     18
    5     120     45   210     314     2     1.2   8.3     24
    6     140     45   300     296     2     1.1   6.6     21
7 120 32 180 310 3 1.1 6.8 23
*1.提供轻微剪切;2.提供了中等剪切;3.提供了强剪切。
这些实施例表明:可以显著降低进料共混物RSV(加入到挤出机中的结合加料RSV为2.2),通过使机筒温度和螺杆速度最优化,得到了具有用作粘度指数改进剂目的特性的共混物,而与螺杆设计无关。实施例3-1和3-3没有达到实现所需SSI为23%所要求的分子量的减少。
实施例4
用聚合物G(一种衍生的乙丙共聚物,当用作粘度指数改进剂时一般称作DOCP)和聚合物C,按照实施例1的方法制备共混物。在聚合物G与聚合物C的重量比80/20、60/40和50/50的条件下制备共混物,并检测粘度指数改进剂并与单独的聚合物G比较。结果归纳在表IV中。
                                    表IV
4-# 共混比   共混物RST     TP(cSt)    SSI(%)   Bench分散性
    4-1     60/40     1.2     6.6     26     110
    4-2     50/50     1.1     6.7     15     150
    4-3     80/20     1.1     6.6     21     80
    4-4     100/0     0.9     6.8     20     65

Claims (18)

1.一种乙烯-丙烯聚合物共混物的生产方法,所述共混物的数均分子量为20,000-150,000,分子量分布范围为1.5-5,其特征在于在150℃-350℃同时混合和剪切两种聚合物成分,所述成分有以下特性:
a)含乙烯与丙烯摩尔比35/65-65/35的实质上无定形的低乙烯含量的乙烯-丙烯聚合物,其数均分子量范围为40,000-250,000且分子量分布范围为2-7;
b)含乙烯与丙烯摩尔比65/35-85/15的高乙烯含量的乙烯-丙烯聚合物,其数均分子量范围为40,000-250,000且分子量分布范围为2-7;
共混和剪切一段时间以足以降低(a)和(b)共混物的分子量和分子量分布,其中低乙烯含量的乙烯-丙烯聚合物(a)与高乙烯含量的乙烯-丙烯聚合物(b)的重量比在80/20-50/50范围内。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其中低乙烯含量的乙烯-丙烯聚合物具有低于3wt%的结晶度。
3.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其中高乙烯含量的乙烯-丙烯聚合物具有不高于25%的结晶度。
4.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其中低乙烯含量乙烯-丙烯聚合物和高乙烯含量乙烯丙烯聚合物中的至少一种包括一种一起共聚的含两个或多个碳-碳双键和4-20个碳原子的多烯单体。
5.按照权利要求4所述的方法,其中多烯选自无环多烯单体、单环多烯单体和多环多烯单体。
6.按照权利要求4所述的方法,其中多烯单体选自1,4-己二烯、二环戊二烯、降冰片二烯、5-亚甲基-2-降冰片烯、5-亚乙基-2-降冰片烯、乙烯基降冰片烯和烷基降冰片二烯。
7.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其中低乙烯含量乙烯-丙烯聚合物和高乙烯含量乙烯丙烯聚合物中的至少一种已利用接枝聚合反应官能化。
8.按照权利要求7所述的方法,其中接枝单体选自不饱和二羧酸酐及其相应的酸或酸酐。
9.按照权利要求7所述的方法,其中接枝单体是马来酸酐。
10.按照权利要求7所述的方法,其中接枝单体是含4-16个碳原子的丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸衍生物。
11.按照权利要求7所述的方法,其中接枝单体选自甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、甲基丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯和甲基丙烯酸氨基酯。
12.按照权利要求7所述的方法,其中接枝单体是含2-25个碳原子的乙烯基胺。
13.按照权利要求12所述的方法,其中乙烯基胺选自烯丙基胺、N-乙烯基吡啶、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、乙烯基咔唑、乙烯基咪唑和乙烯基噻唑。
14.按照权利要求6所述的方法,其中接枝单体选自乙烯基硅烷和乙烯基苄基卤。
15.按照权利要求4所述的方法,其中以聚合物总重计,多烯的含量为0.1-10%。
16.按照权利要求4所述的方法,其中以聚合物总重计,接枝单体的含量为0.1-6%。
17.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其中同时共混和剪切是在能产生机械工的混合机中进行的,以降低分子量和分子量分布。
18.按照权利要求1所述的方法,包括使润滑油与所述乙烯-丙烯共混物掺混以制备润滑油浓缩物。
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AU678485B2 (en) 1997-05-29
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KR950005856A (ko) 1995-03-20
ATE253100T1 (de) 2003-11-15
CN1111655A (zh) 1995-11-15
EP0637611A3 (en) 1997-06-18
US5451636A (en) 1995-09-19
DE69433273T2 (de) 2004-08-12
AU6880494A (en) 1995-02-09
DE69433273D1 (de) 2003-12-04
US5391617A (en) 1995-02-21
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