CN107968123B - 一种增强型场效应晶体管 - Google Patents

一种增强型场效应晶体管 Download PDF

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CN107968123B
CN107968123B CN201711223203.7A CN201711223203A CN107968123B CN 107968123 B CN107968123 B CN 107968123B CN 201711223203 A CN201711223203 A CN 201711223203A CN 107968123 B CN107968123 B CN 107968123B
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carrier
channel layer
free area
effect transistor
field effect
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CN107968123A (zh
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吕元杰
王元刚
宋旭波
谭鑫
周幸叶
冯志红
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CETC 13 Research Institute
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Priority to US16/759,518 priority patent/US11127849B2/en
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    • H01L29/00Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/66Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/68Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
    • H01L29/76Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
    • H01L29/772Field effect transistors
    • H01L29/78Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L29/00Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/02Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/06Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions
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    • H01L29/1025Channel region of field-effect devices
    • H01L29/1029Channel region of field-effect devices of field-effect transistors
    • H01L29/1033Channel region of field-effect devices of field-effect transistors with insulated gate, e.g. characterised by the length, the width, the geometric contour or the doping structure
    • H01L29/1041Channel region of field-effect devices of field-effect transistors with insulated gate, e.g. characterised by the length, the width, the geometric contour or the doping structure with a non-uniform doping structure in the channel region surface
    • H01L29/1045Channel region of field-effect devices of field-effect transistors with insulated gate, e.g. characterised by the length, the width, the geometric contour or the doping structure with a non-uniform doping structure in the channel region surface the doping structure being parallel to the channel length, e.g. DMOS like
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
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    • H01L29/1025Channel region of field-effect devices
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    • H01L29/02Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/06Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions
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    • H01L29/107Substrate region of field-effect devices
    • H01L29/1075Substrate region of field-effect devices of field-effect transistors
    • H01L29/1079Substrate region of field-effect devices of field-effect transistors with insulated gate
    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H01L29/66Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/68Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
    • H01L29/76Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
    • H01L29/772Field effect transistors
    • H01L29/78Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
    • H01L29/7831Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate with multiple gate structure

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Abstract

本发明适用于半导体技术领域,提供了一种增强型场效应晶体管。该增强型场效应晶体管包括:衬底;沟道层,形成于所述衬底的上表面;源电极和漏电极,分别形成于所述沟道层的两侧;栅电极,形成于所述沟道层的上表面;所述沟道层中栅电极对应区域的之外的区域设有无载流子区;所述无载流子区不存在载流子,所述沟道层的其余部分存在载流子。本发明提供的增强型FET,无载流子区不是设置在于栅电极下,而是设置在沟道层中栅电极对应区域的之外的区域,在形成无载流子区时,不会对栅电极的下表面造成损伤,并且,可以通过调控无载流子区的宽度和数量调控器件的阈值电压,器件开关速度快。

Description

一种增强型场效应晶体管
技术领域
本发明属于半导体技术领域,尤其涉及一种增强型场效应晶体管。
背景技术
场效应晶体管(FET)属于电压控制型半导体器件,具有输入电阻高、噪声小、功耗低、动态范围大、易于集成、没有二次击穿现象、安全工作区域宽等优点。按照导电方式划分,FET分为增强型FET和耗尽型FET。
目前,基于半导体的增强型FET通常采用等平面沟道层,通过栅极下刻蚀槽、离子注入或设置帽层等方法实现增强型,但是这种增强型FET对栅极界面处的损伤较大。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明实施例提供了一种增强型场效应晶体管,以解决现有技术中增强型FET对栅极界面处的损伤较大的问题。
本发明实施例的增强型场效应晶体管,包括:
衬底;
沟道层,形成于所述衬底的上表面;
源电极和漏电极,分别形成于所述沟道层的上表面,且位于所述沟道层的相对两侧;
栅电极,形成于所述沟道层的上表面,且位于所述源电极和所述漏电极之间;
所述沟道层中栅电极对应区域的之外的区域设有无载流子区;所述无载流子区不存在载流子,所述沟道层的其余部分存在载流子。
可选的,所述无载流子区通过在所述无载流子区所在的沟道层中注入与所述沟道层的掺杂类型相反的掺杂离子,所述掺杂离子中和所述无载流子区所在的沟道层中的载流子形成。
可选的,所述无载流子区通过在所述沟道层中刻蚀凹槽形成。
可选的,所述无载流子区通过在所述无载流子区所在的沟道层的上表面设置与所述沟道层的掺杂类型相反的帽层,所述帽层的掺杂浓度大于所述沟道层的掺杂浓度,所述帽层中的载流子中和所述无载流子区所在的沟道层中的载流子形成。
可选的,所述无载流子区的数量为1以上。
可选的,所述栅电极的数量为1个以上。
可选的,所述栅电极与所述沟道层之间设有介质层。
可选的,所述沟道层上表面的所述源电极、所述栅电极和所述漏电极以外的区域设有钝化层。
可选的,所述无载流子区的宽度为1纳米至10微米。
可选的,所述衬底与所述沟道层之间设有本征层。
本发明实施例与现有技术相比存在的有益效果是:本发明实施例提供的增强型场效应晶体管,无载流子区不是设置在栅电极下,而是设置在沟道层中栅电极对应区域的之外的区域,在形成无载流子区时,不会对栅电极的下表面造成损伤。沟道层中的无载流子区的其余部分一直存在载流子,当栅压小于器件的阈值电压时,无载流子区不存在载流子,沟道层不导电,随着栅压正向增加,无载流子区的导带降低,当栅压大于阈值电压时,导带降低至费米能级之下,无载流子区形成载流子,沟道层导通,器件开启。本发明实施例提供的增强型FET,可以通过调控无载流子区的宽度和数量调控器件的阈值电压,并且器件的开启和关断只需控制无载流子区少量载流子的有无,开关速度快。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明实施例提供的增强型场效应晶体管的结构示意图;
图2是本发明实施例提供的增强型场效应晶体管的结构示意图;
图3是本发明实施例提供的增强型场效应晶体管的结构示意图;
图4是本发明实施例提供的增强型场效应晶体管的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下描述中,为了说明而不是为了限定,提出了诸如特定系统结构、技术之类的具体细节,以便透彻理解本发明实施例。然而,本领域的技术人员应当清楚,在没有这些具体细节的其它实施例中也可以实现本发明。在其它情况中,省略对众所周知的系统、装置、电路以及方法的详细说明,以免不必要的细节妨碍本发明的描述。
为了说明本发明所述的技术方案,下面通过具体实施例来进行说明。
请参考图1,增强型场效应晶体管包括:衬底101;沟道层102,形成于所述衬底101的上表面。源电极103和漏电极104,分别形成于所述沟道层102的上表面,且位于所述沟道层102的相对两侧;栅电极105,形成于所述沟道层102的上表面,且位于所述源电极103和所述漏电极104之间。所述沟道层102中栅电极105对应区域的之外的区域设有无载流子区106,所述无载流子区106不存在载流子,沟道层102的其余部分存在载流子
本发明实施例提供的增强型FET,无载流子区106不是设置在于栅电极105下,而是设置在沟道层102中栅电极105对应区域的之外的区域,在形成无载流子区106时,不会对栅电极105的下表面造成损伤。无载流子区106中不存在载流子,沟道层102中的其余部分存在载流子。当栅压小于器件的阈值电压时,沟道层102不导电,随着栅压正向增加,无载流子区106的导带降低,当栅压大于阈值电压时,导带降低至费米能级之下,无载流子区106形成载流子,沟道层102导通,器件开启。本发明实施例提供的增强型FET,可以通过调控无载流子区106的宽度和数量调控器件的阈值电压,并且器件的开启和关断只需控制无载流子区106中少量载流子的有无,开关速度快。
可选的,所述无载流子区106通过在所述无载流子区106所在的沟道层102中注入与所述沟道层102的掺杂类型相反的掺杂离子,所述掺杂离子中和所述无载流子区106所在的沟道层102中的载流子形成。
在本发明实施例中,通过离子注入法在无载流子区106所在的沟道层102中注入与沟道层102中的掺杂类型相反的掺杂离子,例如,沟道层102的掺杂类型为n型,则在无载流子区106所在的沟道层102中注入p型掺杂离子,使注入的掺杂离子中和无载流子区106所在的沟道层102中的载流子,从而使无载流子区106不存在载流子,而沟道层102的其余部分存在载流子。
如图2所示,可选的,所述无载流子区106通过在所述沟道层102中刻蚀凹槽形成。
在本发明实施例中,通过光刻和刻蚀工艺在沟道层102中刻蚀凹槽形成无载流子区106。
可选的,衬底101与沟道层102之间设有一层本征层107。当在栅压大于阈值电压使,无载流子区106所在区域对应的的本征层107中形成载流子,从而使沟道层102导通。
如图3所示,可选的,所述无载流子区106通过在所述无载流子区106所在的沟道层102的上表面设置与所述沟道层102的掺杂类型相反的帽层108,所述帽层108的掺杂浓度大于所述沟道层102的掺杂浓度,所述帽层108中的载流子中和所述无载流子区106所在的沟道层102中的载流子形成。
在本发明实施例中,无载流子区106所在的沟道层102的上表面设置与沟道层102掺杂类型相反的帽层108,例如,沟道层102的掺杂类型为n型,则帽层108的掺杂类型为p型,并且帽层108的掺杂浓度大于沟道层102的掺杂浓度,从而使帽层108中的空穴能够完全中和无载流子区106所在的沟道层102中的电子,使无载流子区106不存在载流子,沟道层102的其余部分存在载流子。
可选的,所述无载流子区的数量为1以上。
在本发明实施例中,无载流子区的数量可以为1个也可以为多个,当无载流子区为1个时,可以使用上述任意一种方法形成无载流子区106,当无载流子区106为多个时,可以使用上述任意一种方法或者多种方法的组合形成无载流子区106。例如,如图4所示,沟道层中设有2个无载流子区106,一个无载流子区106通过在沟道层102刻蚀凹槽形成,另一个无载流子区106通过在无载流子区106所在的沟道层102的上表面设置与沟道层102掺杂类型相反的帽层108形成。
可选的所述栅电极105与所述沟道层102之间设有介质层109。介质层109包括但不限于氧化物层、氮化物层或者氧化物和氮化物的复合层。
可选的,所述沟道层102的上表面设有钝化层110。通过钝化层110保护沟道层102。
可选的,所述栅电极105为1个以上。
在本发明实施例中,栅电极105可以为一个也可以为多个,栅电极105可以采用多种形貌,包括但不限于直栅、T型栅、Y型栅、TT型栅、V型栅和U型栅。
可选的,所述无载流子区106的宽度为1纳米至10微米。优选的,无载流子区106的宽度为50纳米至800微米。通过调节无载流子区106的宽度和数量可以调控器件的阈值电压。
可选的,沟道层102的材料包括但不限于GaN、SiC、GaAs、Si、ZnO、石墨烯、金刚石或Ga2O3,衬底101的材料包括但不限于SiC、Si、金刚石、蓝宝石、GaN,衬底101还可以为多层复合衬底。
应理解,上述实施例中各步骤的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后,各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定,而不应对本发明实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。
以上所述实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种增强型场效应晶体管,其特征在于,包括:
衬底;
沟道层,形成于所述衬底的上表面;
源电极和漏电极,分别形成于所述沟道层的上表面,且位于所述沟道层的相对两侧;
栅电极,形成于所述沟道层的上表面,且位于所述源电极和所述漏电极之间;
所述沟道层中栅电极对应区域之外的区域设有无载流子区;所述无载流子区不存在载流子,所述沟道层的其余部分存在载流子。
2.如权利要求1所述的增强型场效应晶体管,其特征在于,所述无载流子区通过在所述无载流子区所在的沟道层中注入与所述沟道层的掺杂类型相反的掺杂离子,所述掺杂离子中和所述无载流子区所在的沟道层中的载流子形成。
3.如权利要求1所述的增强型场效应晶体管,其特征在于,所述无载流子区通过在所述沟道层中刻蚀凹槽形成。
4.如权利要求1所述的增强型场效应晶体管,其特征在于,所述无载流子区通过在所述无载流子区所在的沟道层的上表面设置与所述沟道层的掺杂类型相反的帽层,所述帽层的掺杂浓度大于所述沟道层的掺杂浓度,所述帽层中的载流子中和所述无载流子区所在的沟道层中的载流子形成。
5.如权利要求1所述的增强型场效应晶体管,其特征在于,所述无载流子区的数量为1以上。
6.如权利要求1所述的增强型场效应晶体管,其特征在于,所述栅电极的数量为1个以上。
7.如权利要求1所述的增强型场效应晶体管,其特征在于,所述栅电极与所述沟道层之间设有介质层。
8.如权利要求1所述的增强型场效应晶体管,其特征在于,所述沟道层上表面的所述源电极、所述栅电极和所述漏电极以外的区域设有钝化层。
9.如权利要求1所述的增强型场效应晶体管,其特征在于,所述无载流子区的宽度为1纳米至10微米。
10.如权利要求1至9任一项所述的增强型场效应晶体管,其特征在于,所述衬底与所述沟道层之间设有本征层。
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