CN107930583B - 适于吸附降解二噁英的负载催化剂的高导热活性炭的制备 - Google Patents
适于吸附降解二噁英的负载催化剂的高导热活性炭的制备 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提出一种适于吸附降解二噁英的负载催化剂的高导热活性炭的制备,采用中孔丰富,孔容大于1cm3/g的高导热活性炭和复合催化剂为原料,通过将复合催化剂V2O5‑MoO3/TiO2负载到活性炭上的方法,达到对二噁英的高去除率和高降解率,并且活性炭基体的高导热性可避免吸附床的局部过热,还可大幅度提高其再生性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种适于吸附降解二噁英的负载催化剂的高导热活性炭的制备。
背景技术
目前国内、外二噁英的治理技术主要有:选择性催化还原技术(SCR)、催化滤布、等离子体技术、活性炭吸附技术等。活性炭吸附技术具有吸附剂来源广泛、成本低、吸附效果好等优点。早在1991年日本和欧洲等国家就已将活性炭吸附二噁英的方法应用在垃圾焚烧烟气处理过程中,此后活性炭吸附技术在该领域的应用迅速扩展,活性炭喷射结合布袋除尘技术(ACI+BF)是目前垃圾焚烧企业最广泛采用的从尾气中脱除二噁英的方法。
目前活性炭处理二噁英存在的主要问题:1、目前商业活性炭大都是比表面积发达的微孔活性炭,而吸附二噁英的活性炭是需要富含2-5nm孔径范围内小尺度中孔的活性炭。2、二噁英的吸附一般在较高温度下进行,但普通活性炭在高温下吸附效率下降并且易引起局部过热。3、吸附了二噁英的活性炭的再生效率低,且再生过程中容易造成二次污染。
发明内容
针对以上问题,本发明提出一种适于吸附降解二噁英的负载催化剂的高导热活性炭的制备,采用中孔丰富的高导热活性炭和复合催化剂为原料,通过将复合催化剂负载到活性炭上的方法,达到对二噁英的高去除率和高降解率,并且活性炭基体的高导热性可避免吸附床的局部过热,还可大幅度提高其再生性能。
本发明提出一种适于吸附降解二噁英的负载催化剂的高导热活性炭的制备,包括以下步骤:称取质量百分比为70-80%中孔孔容大于1cm3/g的高导热活性炭,加入质量百分比为5-30%的复合催化剂V2O5-MoO3/TiO2和2倍所述高导热活性炭质量的超纯水,用超声波在40℃、150W的条件下混匀1-2h,室温下静止老化12-24h,用超纯水清洗多次至流出液呈中性,110℃烘干至恒重,再置于管式炉中于200-300℃下煅烧5-10h,即得负载催化剂的高导热活性炭。
进一步地,所述的高导热活性炭的制备,包括以下步骤:将椰壳、核桃壳清洗干净、晾干,用粉碎机粉碎、过筛得到核桃壳粉,密封备用;然后称取椰壳或核桃壳粉末与浓度为0.1-0.5g/ml的ZnCl2-HCl溶液充分混合均匀得到混合溶液,所述椰壳或核桃壳粉末与ZnCl2的质量比为1:3-1:5,加入所述椰壳或核桃壳粉末质量的5%-50%的含碳导热材料,例如碳化硅、导热碳纤维等,在超声仪中超声30min,使得导热材料更好的分散在椰壳或核桃壳粉末中;然后将混合物在60-80℃下搅拌反应3h,待反应结束后将混合物干燥;随后将干燥后的反应物置于节能管式炉中进行碳化,碳化结束后冷却至室温,用蒸馏水多次洗涤样品至产物呈中性,干燥后即得高导热活性炭。
进一步地,所述的复合催化剂的制备,包括以下步骤:
1)、称取五水硝酸钼或钼酸铵溶于去离子水中,加入纳米二氧化钛搅拌成糊状,在室温下静置24h-48h后,转移至烘箱中干燥,研磨;然后将其置于管式炉中,在空气气氛下,以10℃/min速率升温至400-500℃,煅烧1-2h后降至室温得到一次浸渍的粉末;
2)、将偏钒酸铵溶解于浓度为5-10%的草酸溶液中配制成溶液,然后将所述的一次浸渍粉末加入其中并搅拌成糊状,在室温下、空气中静置24h-48h后,转移至烘箱中干燥,研磨;最后转移至管式炉中在空气气氛下进行煅烧,即得到复合催化剂V2O5(x)-MoO3(y)/TiO2,其中x、y分别表示V2O5、MoO3的质量分数,x=2%-10%,y=2%-10%,TiO2的质量分数=100%-x-y。通过改变复合催化剂中各组分的质量可获得不同质量分数比例的催化剂。
本发明的有益效果:
1、本发明的负载催化剂的高导热活性炭具有高导热性,可满足吸附过程中的高温条件,此外更适于普通热再生及微波再生技术以提高再生效率。
2、本发明的负载催化剂的高导热活性炭的中孔丰富,中孔孔容大于1cm3/g,对二噁英的吸附量大、去除率高。
3、本发明的高导热活性炭上负载有可降解二噁英的自制的新型复合催化剂V2O5-MoO3/TiO2,可在吸附过程将二噁英降解为无污染的成分,避免活性炭再生过程中的二次污染。
具体实施方式
如下,对本申请方案作进一步描述:
一种适于吸附降解二噁英的负载催化剂的高导热活性炭的制备,包括以下步骤:
S1、高导热活性炭的制备
将椰壳、核桃壳清洗干净、晾干,用粉碎机粉碎、过筛得到核桃壳粉,密封备用;然后称取100g椰壳或核桃壳粉末与1000mL浓度为0.3g/ml的ZnCl2-HCl溶液充分混合均匀,加入30g的含碳导热材料(碳化硅),在超声仪中超声30min,使得导热材料更好的分散在椰壳或核桃壳粉末中。然后将混合物在60-80℃下搅拌反应3h,待反应结束后将混合物干燥;随后将干燥后的反应物装进耐高温的瓷舟中置于节能管式炉中进行碳化,碳化结束后冷却至室温。用蒸馏水多次洗涤样品至产物呈中性,干燥后即得高导热活性炭,其中孔孔容为1.231209cm3/g,明显高于普通的商品活性炭,导热系数是普通的商品活性炭的4倍多。具体数据如下:
S2、复合催化剂的制备
称取五水硝酸钼或钼酸铵溶于去离子水中,加入纳米二氧化钛搅拌成糊状,在室温下静置24h-48h后,转移至烘箱中干燥,研磨。然后将其置于管式炉中,在空气气氛下,以10℃/min速率升温至400-500℃,煅烧1-2h后降至室温得到一次浸渍的粉末。
将偏钒酸铵溶解于浓度为5-10%的草酸溶液中配制成溶液,然后将所述的一次浸渍粉末加入其中并搅拌成糊状,在室温下、空气中静置24h-48h后,转移至烘箱中干燥,研磨;最后转移至管式炉中在空气气氛下进行煅烧,即得到复合催化剂V2O5(x)-MoO3(y)/TiO2,其中x、y分别表示V2O5、MoO3的质量分数,x=2%-10%,y=2%-10%,TiO2的质量分数=100%-x-y。通过改变复合催化剂中各组分的质量可获得不同质量分数比例的催化剂。
S3、负载催化剂的高导热活性炭的制备
称取步骤S1制得的高导热活性炭100g,加入25g步骤S2制得的复合催化剂和200mL超纯水,用超声波在40℃、150W的条件下混匀1-2h,室温下静止老化12-24h,用超纯水清洗多次至流出液呈中性,110℃烘干至恒重,再置于管式炉中于200-300℃下煅烧5-10h,即得负载催化剂的高导热活性炭。其对二噁英的去除率和降解率如下:
活性炭种类 | 普通活性炭 | 高导热活性炭 | 负载催化剂的高导热活性炭 |
降解效率% | 0 | 0 | 80 |
移除效率% | 95 | 98 | 98 |
产品优点:
1、制备的高导热活性炭导热系数是普通商业活性炭的3-5倍,利于保证吸附床在较高温度下的传热性、避免吸附床局部过热,利于高温下活性炭对二噁英的吸附,并且可提高其再生率。
2、将活性催化剂负载在中孔丰富的高导热活性炭上的方法,一方面提高活性炭对二噁英等大分子有机污染物的去除效率,另一方面在吸附过程中利用自制复合催化剂(V2O5-MoO3/TiO2)的催化活性将吸附的二噁英降解,减少二次污染。
上述优选实施方式应视为本申请方案实施方式的举例说明,凡与本申请方案雷同、近似或以此为基础作出的技术推演、替换、改进等,均应视为本专利的保护范围。
Claims (2)
1.一种适于吸附降解二噁英的负载催化剂的高导热活性炭的制备,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:称取质量百分比为70-80%中孔孔容大于1cm3/g的高导热活性炭,加入质量百分比为5-30%的复合催化剂V2O5-MoO3/TiO2和2倍所述的高导热活性炭质量的超纯水,用超声波在40℃、150W的条件下混匀1-2h,室温下静止老化12-24h,用超纯水清洗多次至流出液呈中性,110℃烘干至恒重,再置于管式炉中于200-300℃下煅烧5-10h,即得负载催化剂的高导热活性炭;
所述的高导热活性炭的制备,包括以下步骤:将椰壳、核桃壳清洗干净、晾干,用粉碎机粉碎、过筛得到核桃壳粉,密封备用;然后称取椰壳或核桃壳粉末与浓度为0.1-0.5g/ml的ZnCl2-HCl溶液充分混合均匀得到混合溶液,所述椰壳或核桃壳粉末与ZnCl2的质量比为1:3-1:5,加入所述椰壳或核桃壳粉末质量的5%-50%的含碳导热材料,在超声仪中超声30min,使得导热材料更好的分散在椰壳或核桃壳粉末中;然后将混合物在60-80℃下搅拌反应3h,待反应结束后将混合物干燥;随后将干燥后的反应物置于节能管式炉中进行碳化,碳化结束后冷却至室温,用蒸馏水多次洗涤样品至产物呈中性,干燥后即得高导热活性炭。
2.根据权利要求1所述的适于吸附降解二噁英的负载催化剂的高导热活性炭的制备,其特征在于,所述的复合催化剂的制备,包括以下步骤:
1)、称取五水硝酸钼或钼酸铵溶于去离子水中,加入纳米二氧化钛搅拌成糊状,在室温下静置24h-48h后,转移至烘箱中干燥,研磨;然后将其置于管式炉中,在空气气氛下,以10℃/min速率升温至400-500℃,煅烧1-2h后降至室温得到一次浸渍的粉末;
2)、将偏钒酸铵溶解于浓度为5-10%的草酸溶液中配制成溶液,然后将所述的一次浸渍粉末加入其中并搅拌成糊状,在室温下、空气中静置24h-48h后,转移至烘箱中干燥,研磨;最后转移至管式炉中在空气气氛下进行煅烧,即得到复合催化剂V2O5(x)-MoO3(y)/TiO2,其中x、y分别表示V2O5、MoO3的质量分数,x=2%-10%,y=2%-10%,TiO2的质量分数=100%-x-y。
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