CN107853517B - 一种提神抗疲劳的中药饮料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种提神抗疲劳的中药饮料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于中药保健领域,具体涉及本发明属于中药保健领域,具体涉及一种提神抗疲劳的中药饮料及其制备方法。其特征在于该中药饮料配方包括主药和辅料,该中药饮料的主药由如下中药组成:牛蒡根,亚贡叶,螺旋藻,肉苁蓉,干姜,花椒,蜂王浆,龙眼肉,刺五加,绞股蓝,砂仁,青皮,鸡内金,藿香,泽泻,酸枣仁,赤芍,川芎,薏苡仁,附子,山楂,麦芽,百合,桑椹,槐花,橘皮,蓝莓,红花,芡实;辅料包括甜味剂,酸度调节剂,防腐剂,稳定剂。该中药饮料能够快速有效提神抗疲劳,而且更易于被适用人群所接受,提高了患者服用的顺应性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药保健领域,具体涉及一种提神抗疲劳的中药饮料及其制备方法。
背景技术
疲劳是身体在高强度或长时间活动后,产生的一种生理或心理现象,表现为身体困倦、精神倦怠,注意力减退,工作效率下降,经常处于疲劳状态就会发展为病理性损害。因此,在天然植物中寻找、筛选具有抗疲劳作用的有效成分、探讨其作用机制具有实际意义。
从中医药理论来看,“脾为后天之本,气血生化之源”,主肌肉、四肢,主运化水谷精微及水湿,饮食不节或思虑过度损伤脾胃,脾失健运,则气血生化乏源,清阳不升、浊阴不降,四肢肌肉失养故见四肢酸痛无力、头晕头痛、食欲不振、腹胀腹泻等。疲劳是目前临床上常见病、多发病,归于亚健康范畴,涉及五脏六腑,主要以脾为主。疲劳为元气耗伤之虚证与心理变化(或不畅)双重因素所致。治疗仍然以辨证施治为前提,不仅要补虚扶正,也应祛疲安神。一方面补虚固元,滋养机体,虚得补,正则旺,疲劳自除;另一方面,调畅心志,舒心畅意,神得安,心则宁,疲劳可消。同时中医也认为,四肢无力多与脾胃有关,腰酸腿软多与肾脏有关,气力不足多与肺脏有关,头脑不清多与心脏有关,不耐疲劳多与肝脏有关。人的整个生命活动,全赖于“元气”,元气禀赋于先天而滋养于后天,是人体能量的源泉,与不同的脏器结合就产生不同的功用,所以元气虚弱,就会使人体的各个功能处于低迷抑制状态,也就构成了产生疲劳的根本原因。如前所述,人之初元气来自于父母之精,既生以后,主要来自于饮食水谷精微的滋养和补充,同时还要借助自然界的清气(氧气),而水谷精微的化生主要依赖于脾胃功能的正常,在这里,脾胃功能包括消化、吸收、转输、提供造血原料、参与水液代谢等多方面,因此,古人把脾胃称之为后天之本。脾胃强壮则元气充足,脏腑功能正常,耳聪目明,精力旺盛,防病抗病能力提高,抗疲劳能力增强。
随着社会的发展,人们生活节奏加快,职场竞争也愈发激烈,身体与精神长期处于紧张状态,慢性疲劳综合征也威胁着人们的健康。具有抗疲劳作用的化学药物多为大脑皮层兴奋药物,此类药物主要抗疲劳作用为兴奋大脑、消除睡意,可使服用者保持较长时间的连续工作状态。具有代表性的抗疲劳临床用药有咖啡因、苯丙胺、哌甲酯哌、甲氯芬酯、吡拉西坦及莫达非尼等,但多具有成瘾性且价格较中药材昂贵。因此,利用中医中药补剂进行食补、药补是我国传统医学的宝贵经验。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种提神抗疲劳的中药饮料及其制备方法,该饮料能够快速有效抗疲劳提神,而且更易于被脾伤疲劳症等人群所接受,提高了患者服用的顺应性。
本发明的目的是这样实现的:一种提神抗疲劳的中药饮料及其制备方法,其特征在于饮料配方包括主药和辅料,该中药饮料的主药由如下重量份数的中药组成:牛蒡根20-30份,亚贡叶1-3份,螺旋藻1-3份,肉苁蓉1-3份,干姜1-3份,花椒1-3份,蜂王浆1-3份,龙眼肉1-3份,刺五加1-3份,绞股蓝1-3份,砂仁1-3份,青皮1-3份,鸡内金1-3份,藿香1-3份,泽泻1-3份,酸枣仁1-3份,赤芍1-3份,川芎1-3份,薏苡仁1-3份,附子1-3份,山楂1-3份,麦芽1-3份,百合1-3份,桑椹1-3份,槐花1-3份,橘皮1-3份,蓝莓1-3份,红花1-3份,芡实1-3份;辅料包括甜味剂15-25份,酸度调节剂1-3份,防腐剂1-3份,稳定剂1-3份。
优选的,所述甜味剂包括白砂糖、果糖、蔗糖、甜蜜素、安赛蜜、山梨糖醇中的一种或多种。
优选的,所述酸度调节剂为柠檬酸或苹果酸。
优选的,所述防腐剂为山梨酸钾或苯甲酸钠。
优选的,所述稳定剂为羧甲基纤维素钠或柠檬酸钠。
优选的,该中药饮料由如下重量份数的中药组成:牛蒡根25份,亚贡叶2份,螺旋藻2份,肉苁蓉2份,干姜2份,花椒2份,蜂王浆2份,龙眼肉2份,刺五加2份,绞股蓝2份,砂仁2份,青皮2份,鸡内金2份,藿香2份,泽泻2份,酸枣仁3份,赤芍3份,川芎2份,薏苡仁2份,附子2份,山楂3份,麦芽2份,百合2份,桑椹2份,槐花2份,橘皮2份,蓝莓2份,红花2份,芡实2份。辅料包括白砂糖20份,柠檬酸1份,山梨酸钾1份,柠檬酸钠2份。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供的提神抗疲劳的中药饮料的制备方法,包括如下步骤。
步骤1.中药混合液的制备:称取中药,按重量份数配比加入牛蒡根,亚贡叶,螺旋藻,肉苁蓉,干姜,花椒,蜂王浆,龙眼肉,刺五加,绞股蓝,砂仁,青皮,鸡内金,藿香,泽泻,酸枣仁,赤芍,川芎,薏苡仁,附子,山楂,麦芽,百合,桑椹,槐花,橘皮,蓝莓,红花,芡实,放入容器内,加入10-20倍量水,浸泡30-60分钟,然后开始煎煮1-2小时,过滤煎煮液,药渣再加入10-20倍量水进行煎煮,过滤煎煮液;合并两次煎煮液,备用。
步骤2.浓缩:将上述中药混合液浓缩至药材量,得到液体A。
步骤3.调配:逐步将甜味剂,酸度调节剂,防腐剂,稳定剂,加入到液体A中,不停搅拌至全部溶解,得液体B;往液体B中加水,定容至所需体积,搅拌均匀。
步骤4.均质:使用均质机对液体进行均质处理,使之均匀混合。
步骤5.过滤:使用明胶作为澄清剂(0.012%明胶水溶液,重量比),采用袋滤器使液体澄清透明。
步骤6.灭菌:采用巴氏杀菌机80-85℃杀菌30min左右。
步骤7.罐装封口:使用饮料灌装封口机进行罐装、封口。
各中药的药理作用分析。
牛蒡根:为植物牛蒡(Arctium lappa L)的根,我国古老的药食两用食物蔬菜,明朝李时珍称其“剪苗淘为蔬,取根煮,曝为脯,云其益人”,《本草纲目》中详载其“通十二经脉,除五脏恶气”;《名医别录》称其“久服轻身耐老”;牛蒡原产于中国,以野生为主,公元940年前后传入日本,现日本人把牛蒡奉为营养和保健价值极佳的高档蔬菜;牛蒡凭借其独特的香气和纯正的口味,风靡日本和韩国,走俏东南亚,并引起西欧和美国有识之士的关注,可与人参媲美,有“东洋参”的美誉(钱桂华.绿色保健蔬菜一牛蒡.上海调味品[J].2004,10(5):12-13.);牛蒡根含有蛋白质、膳食纤维、胡萝卜素、菊糖、维生素及多种氨基酸等,具有健脾养胃,消肿止痛,润肠通便,降低血压与调节血糖之功效,对糖尿病,风疹,便秘,类风湿,肠胃病等有显著疗效(曹玉,王晨静,韩志武,徐毅君,曲海军,隋忠国.牛蒡根及其有效提取部位和活性成分的药理作用研究进展[J].中国药房,2013,(39):3724-3726.);牛蒡根所含胡萝卜素在蔬菜中居第二位,蛋白质和钙的含量是根菜类蔬菜中最高的一种(郝林华,陈靠山,李光友.牛蒡菊糖及其制备方法的研究[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2004,(03):423-428.)。
亚贡叶:菊科植物亚贡的干燥叶,原产于南美洲的安第斯山脉,其根茎为当地印第安人的传统食品,具有调节肠道功能,降血脂,降血糖,预防骨质疏松,抗氧化,提高记忆力,调节免疫等作用。
螺旋藻:是人类迄今为止所发现的最优秀的纯天然蛋白质食品源,并且是蛋白质含量高达60~70%,其特有的藻蓝蛋白,能够提高淋巴细胞活性,增强人体免疫力;其中维生素及矿物质含量极为丰富,包括维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12、维生素E、维生素K等,并含锌、铁、钾、钙、镁、磷、硒、碘等微量元素,其生物锌、铁比例基本与人体生理需要一致,最容易被人体吸收;含有大量的γ-亚麻酸,这是一种人体必需的不饱和脂肪酸,是健脑益智、清除血脂、调节血压、降低胆固醇的理想物质;经国内外大量科研试验证明,螺旋藻在降低胆固醇和血脂,抗癌,减肥,养胃护胃,治疗贫血及微量元素缺乏,护肝,增进免疫,调整代谢机能等方面都有积极作用,被联合国粮农组织和联合国世界食品协会推荐为“二十一世纪最理想的食品”;其中β-胡萝卜素其含量是胡萝卜的15倍,在至今发现的天然食物中含量最高,生育酚(维生素E)含量在植物里最高,SOD(超氧化物岐化酶)含量达到2万至6万单位,维生素B12在植物中含量最高,藻蓝蛋白(用于防治癌症)含量高达17%,是植物中之最。
肉苁蓉:Cistanche deserticola Ma肉苁蓉是一种寄生在沙漠树木梭梭根部的寄生植物,从梭梭寄主中吸取养分及水分;素有“沙漠人参”之美誉,具有极高的药用价值,是中国传统的名贵中药材;肉苁蓉在历史上就被西域各国作为上贡朝廷的珍品,也是历代使用频度最高的补益药物之一;味甘;咸;性温,归肾;大肠经;补肾阳、益精血、润肠道;肉质茎含肉苁蓉甙(cistanoside)A、B、C、H,洋丁香酚甙(acteoside),2-乙酰基洋丁香酚甙(2-acetylacteoside),海胆甙(echinacoside)七种苯乙醇甙成分,还含鹅掌楸甙(lirio-dendrin),8-表马钱子甙酸(8-epiloganic acid),胡萝卜甙(daucos-terol),甜菜碱(betaine),β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol),甘露醇(mannitol),N,N-二甲基甘按酸甲酯(N,N-dimethylglycinemethyl ester)和苯丙氨酸(phenylalanine),缬氨酸(valine),亮氨酸(leucine),异亮氨酸(isoleacine),赖氨酸(lysine),苏氨酸(serine)等十五种氨基酸及琥珀酸(succinic acid),三十烷醇(TCMLIBiacontanol),多糖类。
干姜:为姜科植物姜Zingiber officinale Rose.的干燥根茎,味辛,性热;归脾、胃、肾、心、肺经;温中散寒,回阳通脉,温肺化饮;干姜油含挥发性成分:α-姜烯(α-zingiberene),牻牛儿醇(geraniol),β-甜没药烯(β-bisabolene),橙花醇(nerol),1,8-桉叶素(1,8-cineole),α-松油醇(α-terpineol),龙脑(borneol),β-水芹烯(β-phellandrene),芳樟醇(linalool),甲基壬基酮(methylnonylketone),樟烯(camphene),柠檬烯(limonene),倍半水芹烯(sesquiphellandrene),α-姜黄烯(α-curcumene)及乙酸孟酯(menthylacetate)等70多种;辛辣成分;二芳基庚烷类成分干姜还含6-姜辣磺酸(6-gingesulfonicacid),5-外-羟基龙脑-2-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(angelicoidenol-2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside)及姜糖脂(gingerglycolipid)A、B、C。
花椒:为芸香科植物青椒Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb.et Zucc.或花椒Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.的干燥成熟果皮;辛,温,入脾经、肺经、肾经,温中散寒,除湿,止痛,杀虫,解鱼腥毒;花椒果皮中挥发油的主要成分为柠檬烯(limonene)占总油量的25.10%,花椒果实的挥发油中含量最多的是4-松油烯醇,占13.46%,花椒籽的挥发油中,主成分是芳樟醇占18.5%。
蜂王浆:是蜂制品中的珍品,含有丰富的营养成分,可促进蛋白质合成,促进细胞生长,增进机体的新陈代谢,增强组织再生能力;同时,因其含有丰富的超氧化物歧化酶及维生素C、E,是不可多得的抗衰老良药。
龙眼肉:为无患子科植物龙眼Dimocarpus longan Lour.的假种皮;味甘,性温、归心、脾经;补益心脾,养血安神,每100克龙眼中,水分占83%,含蛋白质1.3克、脂肪0.1克、碳水化合物15克和纤维0.4克;龙眼含有极其丰富的维生素C和钾,此外还含有大量的镁和铜,有补气益血之功效,对于治疗虚劳羸弱、失眠、健忘效果显著,果肉(干)含水分0.85%,可溶性物质79.77%,不溶性物质19.39%,灰分3.36%,可溶性物质中,有葡萄糖24.91%、蔗糖0.22%、酸类(酒石酸)1.26%、含氮物(其中含腺嘌呤和胆碱)6.309%等,尚含蛋白质5.6%、脂肪0.5%。
刺五加:Acanthopanax senticosus(Rupr.Maxim.)Harms味辛、苦,微甘、性温、归肝经;肾经,祛风湿,补肝肾,强筋骨,活血脉;始见于《神农本草经》,列为上品,上品乃指无毒,久服可以轻身、延年益寿而无害;刺五加自古即被视为具有填精补髓及抗衰老作用的良药,商品名为五加参,原主产于黑龙江省山区,地方土名习称“老虎潦”,在日本则称为虾夷五加,而在前苏联又称为西伯利亚人参;《名医别录》认为五加有补中,益精,坚筋骨,强意志等功效;刺五加于《实用补养中药一书》中记载,属于补气药,具有补虚扶弱的功效,可来预防或治疗体质虚弱之症候,滋补强壮,延年益寿。
绞股蓝:Gynostemma pentaphyllum(Thunb.)Makino)葫芦科、绞股蓝属草质攀援植物,微甘;性凉;归肺,脾,肾经;益气健脾,化痰止咳,清热解毒;绞股蓝主要有效成份是绞股蓝皂甙、绞股蓝糖甙(多糖)、水溶性氨基酸、黄酮类、多种维生素、微量元素、矿物质等;日本科学家发现其组成中有多种成分与部分人参皂甙结构相同,近年来发现,绞股蓝具有抗衰老、抗疲劳、抗癌、调节内分泌功能,能提高人体应变能力和免疫力,降低胆固醇和转氨酶,预防肿瘤,抑制溃疡,缓解紧张,镇静、镇痛。
砂仁:Amomum villosum Lour.是姜科,味辛,性温;归脾、胃、肾经;行气调中,和胃,醒脾;砂仁种子含挥发油,油中含乙酸龙脑酯、樟脑、樟烯、柠檬烯、β-蒎烯、苦橙油醇(nerolidol)及α-蒎烯、莰烯、桉油精、芳樟醇、α-胡椒烯、愈创木醇(guaiaol)等,另含黄酮类成分。
青皮:为芸香科植物橘Citrus reticulata Blanco及其栽培变种的干燥幼果或未成熟果实的果皮。味苦、辛,性温。归肝、胆、胃经;有疏肝破气,消积化滞的功效;青皮含升压有效成分,茶枝柑的干燥成熟果皮含挥发油3.541%,其中主要成分为柠檬烯;四会柑的干燥成熟果皮含挥发油1.433%-3.941%;其中主成分为柠檬烯;朱橘的干燥成熟果皮含福橘素,川陈皮素,甜橙素,5,7,8,4'-四甲氧基黄酮,5,7,8,3',4'-五甲氧基黄酮。
鸡内金:为雉科动物家鸡Gallusgallusdomesticus Brisson的干燥沙囊内壁,甘,平;归脾、胃、小肠、膀胱经;健胃消食,涩精止遗,通淋化石;鸡内金含胃激素,角蛋白,微量胃蛋白酶,淀粉酶,多种维生素;出生4-8星期的小鸡砂囊内膜还含有胆汁三烯和胆绿素的黄色衍生物,并含赖氨酸,组氨酸,精氨酸,谷氨酸,天冬氨酸,亮氨酸,苏氨酸,丝氨酸,甘氨酸,丙氨酸,异亮氨酸,酪氨酸,苯丙氨酸,脯氨酸,色氨酸等18种氨基酸及铝、钙、铬、钴、铜、铁、镁、锰、钼、铅、锌等微量元素。
藿香:Agastache rugosa(Fisch.et Mey.)O.Ktze,唇形科多年生草本植物。辛,微温;归脾、胃、肺经。芳香化浊,和中止呕,发表解暑;藿香是高钙、高胡萝卜素食品,每100g嫩叶含水分72g、蛋白质8.6g、脂肪1.7g、碳水化合物10g、胡萝卜素6.38mg、维生素B1 0.1mg、维生素B20.38mg、尼克酸1.2mg、维生素C23mg、钙580mg、磷104mg、铁28.5mg、全草含芳香挥发油0.5%、油中主要为甲基胡椒酚(约占80%)、柠檬烯、α-蒎烯和β-蒎烯、对伞花烃、芳樟醇、I-丁香烯等,对多种致病性真菌,都有一定的抑制作用,芳香挥发油是制造多种中成药的原料。
泽泻:本品为泽泻科植物泽泻Alisma orientate(Sam.)Juzep.的干燥块茎;性味甘,寒;入肾、膀胱经;利水,渗湿,泄热;泽泻含多种四环三萜酮醇衍生物泽泻醇A、B、C(alisolA,B、C)及其乙酸酯,表泽泻醇A(epialisol A),环氧泽泻烯〔alismoxide)以及卵磷脂、胆碱、糠醛。
酸枣仁:本品为鼠李科植物酸枣Ziziphus jujuba Mill.var.spinosa(Bunge)Huex H.F.Chou的干燥成熟种子;甘,平,入心经、脾经、肝经、胆经,宁心安神,养肝,敛汗;酸枣仁含生物碱,还含酸枣仁环肽(sanjoinenine)、还含三萜类和黄酮类;还含苏氨酸(threonine),缬氨酸(valine),蛋氨酸(methionine),亮氨酸(leucine),异亮氨酸(isoleucine),赖氨酸(lysine),苯丙氨酸(phenylalanine)等17种氨基酸和钾、钠、钙、锌、铁、铜、锰等多种金属元素。又含阿魏酸(ferulic acid),维生素C及植物甾醇,环磷酸腺苷(cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate)等。
赤芍:为毛茛科植物赤芍或川赤芍的干燥根;味苦,性微寒;归肝经,清热凉血,散瘀止痛;芍药根含芍药甙(paeoniflorin),氧化芍药甙(oxy-paeoniflorin),苯甲酰芍药甙(benzoylpaooniflorin),白芍甙(albi-florin),芍药甙无酮(paeoniflorigenone),没食子酰芍药甙(galloylpaeoniflorin),β-蒎-10-烯基-β-巢菜甙(z-1s,5R-β-pinen-10-yl-β-vicianoside),芍药新甙(lacioflorin),芍药内酯(paeoni-lactone)A、B、C,β-谷甾醇(β-siiosierol),胡萝卜甙(daucos-terol)。还从根的鞣质中分得1,2,3,6-四没食子酰基葡萄糖(1,2,3,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose),1,2,3,4,6-五没食子酰基葡萄糖(1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose)及相应的六没食子酰基葡萄糖和七没食子酰基葡萄糖等;又含右旋儿茶精(catechin)及挥发油;挥发油主要含苯甲酸(benzoic acid),牡丹酚(paeonol)及其他醇类和酚类成分共33个。
川芎:本品为伞形科植物川芎Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.的干燥根茎;辛,温,归肝、胆、心包经,活血行气,祛风止痛;含川芎嗪(chuanxiongzine)即四甲基吡嗪(te-tramethylpyrazine),黑麦草碱或含川哚(perlolyrine)即1-(5-羟甲基-2-呋喃基)-9h-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚[1-(5hydroxymethyl-2-furyl)-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole],藁本内酯(ligustilide),川芎萘呋内酯(wallichilide),3-亚丁基苯酞(3-butylideniphthalide),3-亚丁基-7-羟基苯酞(3-butylidene-7-hydroxyphthalide),丁基苯酞(butylphthalide),(3S)-3-正丁基-4-羟基苯酞[(3S)-3-butyl-4-hydroxyphthalide]即(3S)-川芎酚((3S)-chunxiongol),3-正丁基-3,6,7-三羟基-4,5,6,7-四氢苯酞(3-n-bntyl-3,6,7-trihydroxy-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrophthalide),新川芎内酯(neocin-dilide),洋川芎内酯(senkyunolide),洋川芎内酯(senkyunolide)B、C、D、E、F、G、H[即顺-6,7-二羟基藁本内酯(cis-6,7-dihydrox-yligustilide)]、Ⅰ[即反-6,7-羟基藁本内酯(trans-6,7-dihydrox-yligustilide)]、J[4]、K、L、M[6]、N[4]、O、P[8]、(E)-洋川芎内酯[(E)-senkyunolide]E[4],洋川芎醌(senkyunone),2-甲氧基-4-(3-甲氧基-1-丙烯基)苯酚(2-methoxy-4-(3-mnethoxy-1-propenyl)pheneol),2-戊酰基-苯甲酯[2-(1-oxopentyl)-benzoic acid methyl ester],5-羟甲基-6-内-3-甲氧基-4-羟苯基-8-氧杂双环[3.2.1]辛-3-烯-2-酮[5-hydroxymethyl-6-endo-3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl-8-oxa-bicyclo(3。2。1)-oct-3-one][5],4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯已烯(4-hydroxy-3-methoxystyrene),1-羟基-1-(3-甲氧基-4-羟苯基)已烷[1-hydroxy-1-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane]\4-羟基苯甲酸(4-hydroxybenzoic acid)、香草酸(vanillicacid),咖啡酸(coffeic acid),原儿茶酸(protocatechuic acid),阿魏酸(ferulicacid),大黄酚(chrysophanic acid),瑟丹酮酸(sedanonic acid),L-异亮氨酰-L-缬氨酸酐(L-isoleucyl-L-valine anhydride),L-缬氨酰-L-缬氨酸酐(L-valyl-L-valincachydride),黑麦草碱(perlolyrine),川芎酚,脲嘧啶(uracil),盐酸三甲胺(trimethylamine-HCL),氯化胆碱(chloine chloride),棕榈酸(palmitic acid),香草醛(vanillin),1-酰-β-咔啉(1-acetyl-β-carbo-line),匙叶桉油烯醇(spathulenol),β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol),亚油酸(linoleic acid),二亚油酸棕榈酸甘油酯(dilinoylpalmitoyl glyceride)及蔗糖(sucrose)等。
薏苡仁:本品为禾本科植物薏苡Coix lacryma-jobi L.var.ma-yuen(Roman.)Stapf的干燥成熟种仁;味甘、淡,性凉,归脾、胃、肺经;有利水渗透湿,健脾止泻,除痹,排脓,解毒散结的作用;薏苡仁含薏苡仁酯(coixenolide);并含脂肪油,油中含肉豆蔻酸(myristic acid)、芸苔甾醇(campesterol)、棕榈酸、8-十八烯酸、豆甾醇等,尚含氨基酸、蛋白质、糖类;薏苡仁含脂肪油、蛋白质、甾体衍生物、氨基酸及淀粉等,并含薏苡酯(Coixenolide)。
附子:为毛莨科植物乌头Aconitum carmichaelii Debx.的子根的加工品;经加工炮制品有盐附子和黑附片、白附片、炮附片、或统称为制附片;附子味辛,性大热,有毒,温里散寒、助阳行水、补火、止痛和局麻等功效;而且附子对垂体—肾上腺皮质系统有兴奋作用。
山楂:为蔷薇科植物山楂(Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.)干燥成熟果实,酸甜可口,能生津止渴,亦可入药,入药归脾、胃、肝经,有消食化积,活血散疲的功效(国家药典委员会.中国药典(2015版一部)[S].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2015.);山楂有重要的药用价值,自古以来,就成为健脾开胃,消食化滞,活血化痰的良药;由于山楂富含多种有机酸,能保持山楂中的维生素C,即使在加热的情况下,也不致被破坏;山楂还富含胡萝卜素、钙、齐墩果酸、鸟素酸,山楂素等三萜类烯酸和黄酮类等有益成分,能舒张血管,加强和调节心肌,增大心室和心运动振幅及冠状动脉血流量,降低血清胆固醇和降低血压(楼陆军,罗洁霞,高云.山楂的化学成分和药理作用研究概述[J].中国药业,2014,(03):92-94.);此外,山楂是防治心血管病的理想保健食品和有较好疗效的食品。山楂中果胶含量居所有水果之首,达6.4%,而据最新研究,果胶有防辐射物质的作用;山楂中还含有丰富的钙和胡萝卜素,钙含量居水果之首,胡萝卜素的含量仅次于枣和称猴桃,最适于小儿食用。
麦芽:本品为禾本科植物大麦Hordeum vulgare L.的成熟果实经发芽干燥的炮制加工品;性味甘,平;归脾、胃经;行气消食,健脾开胃,回乳消胀。
百合:本品为百合科植物卷丹Lilium lancifolium Thunb.、百合Lilium browniiF.E.Brown var.viridulum Baker或细叶百合Lilium pumilum DC,的干燥肉质鳞叶;百合除含有蛋白质21.29%、脂肪12.43%、还原糖11.47%、淀粉1.61%,及钙、磷、铁、每百克含1.443毫克维生素B、21.2毫克维生素C等营养素外,还含有一些特殊的营养成分,如秋水仙碱等多种生物碱;这些成分综合作用于人体,不仅具有良好的营养滋补之功,而且还对秋季气候干燥而引起的多种季节性疾病有一定的防治作用;中医上讲鲜百合具有养心安神,润肺止咳的功效,对病后虚弱的人非常有益。
桑椹:本品为桑科植物桑Morus alba L.的干燥果穗;桑椹性味甘寒,具有补肝益肾、生津润肠、乌发明目等功效;果穗含糖,鞣酸(tannic acid),苹果酸(malicacid),维生素(vitamin)B1、B2和胡萝卜素(carotene);其脂类的脂肪酸主要为亚油酸(linoleicacid),油酸(oleic acid),软脂酸(palmitic acid),硬脂酸(stearic acid),尚有少量辛酸(caprylic acid),壬酸(pelargonic acid),癸酸(capric acid),肉豆蔻酸(myris-ticacid),亚麻酸(linolenic acid)等。精油中含桉叶素(cineole),牻儿醇(geraniol),芳樟醇乙酸酯(linalyl acetat),芳樟醇(linalool),樟脑(camphor),a-蒎烯(α-pinene)和柠檬烯(limonene)等;磷脂总含量0.41%,其中磷脂酸胆碱(phosphatidyl choline)32.15%,溶血磷脂酸胆碱(lysophosphatidy choline)19.30%,磷脂酸乙醇胺(phosphatidyl ethanolamine)15.91%,磷脂酸(phosphatidic acid)12.40%,磷脂酰肌醇(phosphatidyl inosi-tol)10.53%,双磷脂酰甘油(diphosphatidyl glycerol)6.59%。还含矢车菊素(cyanidin)和矢车菊甙(chrysanthemin)。
槐花:本品为豆科植物槐Sophora japonica L.的干燥花及花蕾;味苦,性平,无毒,具有清热、凉血、止血、降压的功效;槐花含芦丁(即芸香苷,Rytub)、槲皮素(Quercetin)、鞣质、槐花二醇(sophoradiol)、维生素A等物质。
橘皮:本品为芸香科植物橘Citrus reticulata Blanco及其栽培变种的干燥成熟果皮;辛苦,温,入脾、肺经;理气调中,燥湿化痰。含挥发油1.9%~3.5%.其中主要为柠檬烯(Limonene);尚有α-侧柏烯(α-Thujene)、α-蒎烯(α-Pinene)、β-蒎烯(β-Pinene)、β-月桂烯(β-Myrcene)、桧烯(Sabine-ne)、辛醛(Octanal)、α-水芹烯(α-Phellandrene)、α-松油烯(α-Terpinene)、对-聚伞花烯(p-Cymene)、芳樟醇(Linalool)、麝香草酚(Thymol)、香茅醛(Citronellal)等多种成分;此外,尚含橙皮甙(Hesperidin)、新橙皮甙(Neohesperidin)、柑橘素(Tangeretin);黄酮化合物、枸橼醛、β-谷甾醇(β-Sitosterol)、对羟福林(Synephrine)等。
蓝莓:是一种营养价值非常高的水果果肉富含丰富的维生素、蛋白质和矿物质等营养元素,其中蓝莓中独特的珍贵的花青苷色素在众水果中比重是非常的高,还有蓝莓中富含丰富的蛋白质、膳食纤维、脂肪、维生素等营养元素,蓝莓中这些富含的营养元素都高于其他水果富含的营养。蓝莓中还包含着丰富的钙、铁、磷、钾、锌等微量矿物元素,这些矿物元素的存在比例明显高于其他水果。所以蓝莓是一种高营养的水果;花青素可以保护眼睛,蓝莓中含量非常高的花青苷色素对人体的眼睛具有很好地保养的作用,它可以缓解眼睛疲劳、改善人的视力,蓝莓不仅含有维生素A,其主要成分是花青素,可直接加速视网膜、视紫质的合成与再生;蓝莓中富含丰富维生素、矿物质和纤维元素等营养成分,多多食用蓝莓可以提高人体免疫力,提高人体素质;另外,蓝莓中丰富的维生素C具有预防癌症,抵抗心脏病的功效;蓝莓果胶丰富,可以稀释人体脂肪,保护人体心脑血管的健康;另外,蓝莓中还有丰富的抗氧化剂,可以延缓人体的衰老;蓝莓中的花色苷有很强的抗氧化性,可抗自由基、延缓衰老、防止细胞的退行性改变,对于抑制血小板聚集,预防大脑病变、动脉硬化等病症具有一定的效果,同时还可以强化毛细血管、改善血液循环、减弱血小板的黏滞性、防止血凝块产生、增强心脑功能、增强儿童骨质密度、防止便秘。
红花:本品为菊科植物红花Carthamus tinctorius L.的干燥花;辛,温,入心、肝经,活血通经,去瘀止痛;花含红色的和黄色的色素,从中分离得到:红花甙(carthamin),前红花甙(precarthamin),红花黄色素(safflow yellow)A及B,红花明甙(safflominA)A;又含多酚类成分:绿原酸(chlorogenic acid),加啡酸(caffeic acid),儿茶酚(cate-chol),焦性儿茶酚(pyrocatechol),多巴(dopa);还含挥发性成分八十余种。又含量最少的是带有苯环的和含硫的氨基酸;还含鼠李糖(rhamnose),阿拉伯糖(arabinose),木糖(xylose),葡萄糖(glucose),甘露糖(mannose),二十九烷(nonacosane),β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol),棕榈酸(palmitic acid),肉豆蔻酸(myristic acid),月桂酸(lauric acid),α,γ-二棕榈酸甘油酯(α,γ-dipalmitin),油酸(oleic acid),亚油酸(linoleic acid),β-谷甾醇-3-O-葡萄糖甙(β-sitosterol-3-O-glucoside);另含红花多糖,系由葡萄糖,木糖,阿拉伯糖与半乳糖(galactose)以β-链联接的一种多糖。
芡实:本品为睡莲科植物芡Euryale ferox Salisb.的干燥成熟种仁;味甘、涩,性平,归脾、肾经。益肾固精,补脾止泻,除湿止带;蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、粗纤维、钙、磷、铁、硫胺素、核黄素、菸酸、维生素及微量胡萝卜素等。
本发明的显著效果
本发明所用原料为药食两用原料及常用中草药,毒副作用低,可长期服用,并且可作为茶饮,服用方便。
本方的配伍原理及其科学依据。
脾胃为后天之本气血生化之源,故组方遣药必须要考虑脾胃的运化情况,顾护胃气,肾为先天之本,且脾胃的运化赖于肾气的活力资助,故本方选用醒脾消食健胃之砂仁、鸡内金,补肾气、温肾阳、填精补髓之桑葚、芡实、肉苁蓉、龙眼肉作为君药。肝为将军之官,主疏泄条畅气机,促进脾胃运化及胆汁分泌排泄,故本方加用川芎、青皮、橘皮、槐花、麦芽疏肝理气,安魂定魄,肺为水之上源,主宣发肃降,促进脾胃运化水湿,防止湿浊内停,故本方加用百合、刺五加、绞股蓝宣降肺气以利水行共为臣药。此外,湿性重浊黏滞,人感湿邪则头重如裹、四肢困重,故加用健脾利湿之薏苡仁、泽泻,医圣张仲景有言:“血不利则为水”由此可知血和水在病理上可以互相影响,故方中加用活血化瘀之赤芍、川芎、红花、山楂,牛蒡根、亚贡叶、螺旋藻滋阴补津润燥,酸枣仁入血分善养血敛血且能宁心安神,蓝莓、桑葚入阴分而补精血,附子、干姜、花椒补一身之元阳,振奋阳气,藿香气味芳香能开窍,避秽化浊,可使人心神灵敏不惑,共为佐药。蜂王浆味甘,调和诸药之大升大降以及性味之大燥大烈大辛大苦而为使药。故本方条畅上中下三焦,调理气血阴阳,舒畅五脏六腑,顺遂气血津液,不可不谓之用心良苦、配伍严谨,正所谓一举四得。
现有技术中有效抗疲劳的原料大部分为补益类中药,如人参、三七、灵芝、五味子、银耳、麦冬、阿胶、黄芪、茯苓、丹参、大枣、甘草、菊花、天花粉、牡丹皮、蒲公英、地骨皮、桑寄生、万年青、远志、柏子仁等及绿茶等含咖啡因的原料。本方中29味原料均为不常用于抗疲劳提神中药及原料,不含咖啡因及牛磺酸等成分。与现有的具有该作用的已知配方常用原料重组而来的复方产品或通过其他专利原料增减得到复方发明相比,本发明配方具有创新性。目前,市场上已有的功能性饮料一般是以咖啡因(或绿茶)、牛磺酸等成分为主要功能因子。但咖啡因和牛磺酸有显著的副作用。首先就咖啡因而言,(1)对机体、行为的影响。影响睡眠,故入睡困难者晚上应减少其摄入量。而高摄入量的咖啡因可引起焦虑、烦躁、失眠、易怒及精细运动功能受损(Smith PF,SmithA,Miners Jetal.The safety aspectsofdietary caffeine[R].Australia:Report from the expertworking group.2000,20-23.);(2)对心血管系统的影响。一般认为若长期摄入富含咖啡因的饮料可能会引起高血压、心肌梗死、心率失常、休克等心血管系统疾病(Rachima-Maoz C,Peleg E,RosenthalT.The effect of caffeine on ambulatory blood pressure inhypertensive patients[J].Am J Hypertens,1998,11(12):1426-1432.);(3)咖啡因在内分泌方面的影响。过量消费咖啡因可以导致胰岛素敏感性降低,该机制会引起血清肾上腺素水平升高。另外对女性而言,可能会引起骨质疏松症(易超然,卫中庆.咖啡因的药理作用和应用[J].医学研究生学报,2005,(03):270-272.);(4)对消化系统的影响。可引起胃泌酸增加和胃腺分泌亢进,也可刺激胃肥大细胞释放组胺,进而造成胃壁细胞泌酸增加,故消化性溃疡病患者不宜服用咖啡因(Kwiecien S,Konturek SJ.Gastric analysis withfractional test meals(ethano,l caffeine,and peptonemeal),augmented hista-mineorpentagastrin tests,and gastric Ph recording[J].JPhys-iolPharmaco,l 2003,54(Suppl3):69-82.)。过量服用牛磺酸可能产生的不良反应有痢疾和胃溃疡,而这通常在停止服用后自行痊愈。牛磺酸主要是从肾脏排泄,肾脏依据膳食中牛磺酸含量调节其排出量,以维持体内牛磺酸含量的相对稳定。摄入过多牛磺酸,肾脏肯定有压力(赵振宇,张韻慧.牛磺酸药理作用的研究新进展[J].中国医院药学杂志,2009,29(16):1390-1393.)。也有研究发现,当无代偿性肾上腺皮质功能减退症患者服用牛磺酸时可诱发体温下降和高血钾(Noauthors listed.Taurine-monograph[J].Altern Med Rev,2001,6(1):78-82.)。目前,以咖啡因为功能因子的产品,国家需要严格审批,并有剂量限制。而本发明从中医药基本理论出发,通过补脾、益肾,提高免疫力来提神抗疲劳,具有很大的创新性和广泛的市场前景。
脾伤疲劳证多因饥饱失常,酒食过度,或忧愁思虑过多,或工作繁重杂乱,应酬频繁,形体劳役所致。青少年则可因用脑过度,思虑伤脾所致。本证因脾伤中亏,肢体乏养。可见怠惰嗜卧,四肢乏力不收,大便泄泻,懒于言语,恶食纳少,舌苔薄白腻或厚腻,或舌质偏淡,脉缓而大或浮,或细,或濡诸症。本发明基于中医理论,用多味中草药配伍组成抗疲劳中药复方;本研究对该中药复方进行了抗疲劳实验研究,观察其对动物的抗疲劳效果。方中牛蒡根健脾养胃;亚贡叶抗氧化、调节免疫;螺旋藻抗氧化、增进免疫、调整代谢机能;肉苁蓉补肾润肠;蓝莓可以提高人体免疫力,提高人体素质,有丰富的抗氧化剂,可以延缓人体的衰老;干姜、花椒、附子温脾阳;龙眼肉补血;刺五加、绞股蓝补气健脾;泽泻利水渗湿健脾;酸枣仁养心安神;赤芍清热凉血;川芎行气活血;薏苡仁燥脾湿;百合、桑椹补阴;槐花凉血;红花活血;芡实、蜂王浆养脾阴;砂仁、青皮、橘皮等行气调中运脾;藿香等化湿醒脾;山楂、麦芽、鸡内金等消食理脾。诸药共奏祛疲养神之功。本方组方精妙,从益气温阳角度提神抗疲劳,避免了咖啡因等饮料的副作用。
本发明制备过程中,通过澄清和过滤,除去汁液中的全部悬浮物及容易产生的沉淀;杀菌,一是杀死微生物、防止败坏,二是钝化酶的活性,防止各种不良变化的发生。本发明制成中药饮料能够提神抗疲劳,见效快,可短期或常年服用;提高患者服用的顺应性,老少皆宜,顺应率可达到100%。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步的说明。
实施例1。
步骤1.中药混合液的制备:选取中药,其饮片按重量份数配比如下:牛蒡根25份,亚贡叶2份,螺旋藻2份,肉苁蓉2份,干姜2份,花椒2份,蜂王浆2份,龙眼肉2份,刺五加2份,绞股蓝2份,砂仁2份,青皮2份,鸡内金2份,藿香2份,泽泻2份,酸枣仁3份,赤芍3份,川芎2份,薏苡仁2份,附子2份,山楂3份,麦芽2份,百合2份,桑椹2份,槐花2份,橘皮2份,蓝莓2份,红花2份,芡实2份;按上述要求称取中药饮片,提取前放入容器内,加入10倍量水,浸泡30分钟;然后开始煎煮1小时,过滤煎煮液,药渣再加入10倍量水进行煎煮;过滤煎煮液;合并两次煎煮液,备用。
步骤2.浓缩:将上述中药混合液浓缩至药材量,得到液体A。
步骤3.调配:逐步将白砂糖20份,柠檬酸1份,山梨酸钾1份,羧甲基纤维素钠2份,加入到液体A中,不停搅拌至全部溶解,得液体B;往液体B中加水,定容至所需体积,搅拌均匀。
步骤4.均质:使用均质机对饮料进行均质处理,使之均匀混合。
步骤5.过滤:饮料通过澄清和过滤,除去汁液中的全部悬浮物及容易产生的沉淀。使用明胶作为澄清剂,使饮料澄清透明。过滤设备采用袋滤器。
步骤6.灭菌:采用巴氏杀菌机85℃杀菌30min。
步骤7.罐装封口:使用饮料灌装封口机进行罐装、封口;本品规格为200mL/罐,每日服用2罐,每罐含有效成分按照中药折算为18.08g。
实施例2。
一种抗疲劳提神的中药饮料包括如下组分(重量份数):牛蒡根20份,亚贡叶3份,螺旋藻3份,肉苁蓉3份,干姜3份,花椒3份,蜂王浆3份,龙眼肉3份,刺五加3份,绞股蓝3份,砂仁3份,青皮3份,鸡内金3份,藿香3份,泽泻3份,酸枣仁2份,赤芍2份,川芎1份,薏苡仁1份,附子1份,山楂2份,麦芽1份,百合1份,桑椹1份,槐花1份,橘皮1份,蓝莓1份,红花1份,芡实1份;白砂糖15份,柠檬酸2份,山梨酸钾2份,羧甲基纤维素钠3份。
制备步骤参照上述实施例1方法。
实施例3。
一种抗疲劳提神的中药饮料包括如下组分(重量份数):牛蒡根30份,亚贡叶1份,螺旋藻1份,肉苁蓉1份,干姜1份,花椒1份,蜂王浆1份,龙眼肉1份,刺五加1份,绞股蓝1份,砂仁1份,青皮1份,鸡内金1份,藿香1份,泽泻1份,酸枣仁1份,赤芍1份,川芎3份,薏苡仁3份,附子3份,山楂1份,麦芽3份,百合3份,桑椹3份,槐花3份,橘皮3份,蓝莓3份,红花3份,芡实3份;果糖25份,苹果酸3份,苯甲酸钠3份,柠檬酸钠1份。
制备步骤参照上述实施例1方法。
一、抗疲劳实验研究。
1材料与方法。
1.1实验动物。
小鼠,雄性,体重(20±2)g,由辽宁中医药大学动物实验中心提供,统一由实验中心单笼颗粒饲料饲养,自由饮水,室温(22±2)℃,相对湿度平均为50%。
1.2实验试剂与仪器。
血乳酸(BLA)、血清尿素氮(BUN)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肝(肌)糖原(LG、MG)试剂盒均购于南京建成生物工程研究所;人参总皂苷,辽宁中医药大学中药化学实验室自制,总皂苷含量>95%;牛蒡根等29味中药材均购于大连权健中药饮片有限公司;碳酸钠(分析纯)、墨汁、生理盐水;游泳箱(自制,大小80cm×60cm×40cm);小鼠水平台睡眠剥夺箱(自制);UV2100型紫外可见分光光度计(尤尼柯上海仪器有限公司);YQ-A3-SS-048高速冷冻离心机(Eppendorf公司);HH-S型电子恒温水浴锅(巩仪市予华仪器责任有限公司);ADVIA 2400型全自动生化分析仪(德国bayer公司);AE系列电子分析天平:FA-1004电子天平(上海精科天平厂)。
1.3动物分组及给药。
将适应3d后的240只小鼠随机分3批,分别用于睡眠剥夺、游泳、爬杆实验。每批8组,空白对照组、睡眠剥夺组、阳性对照组、实施例1组、实施例2组、实施例3组,对照组1及对照组2。每组10只,预饲5d;按照上述饮料制作方法,分别参照实施例1、2、3的配料比制作饮料浓缩液(1g(中药与辅料)/mL)作为实施例1、2、3所需灌胃饮料组。增设对照组1及对照组2,每组小鼠分别服用分别去除关键的原料的中药配方。对照组1除去方中君药,对照组2除去方中君药和臣药,其它操作均同上述实施例1、2、3。给药组每天每个小鼠5.48g/kg(小鼠的剂量=Xmg/kg×70kg×0.0026/20g=X mg/kg×70kg×0.0026/0.02kg=9.1X mg/kg。本品,成人每天服用36.16g。计算小鼠的等效剂量,小鼠的等效剂量=36.16g/60kg×9.1=5.48g/kg。)灌胃给药,连续给药10d,空白对照组给予生理盐水;阳性对照给予人参总皂苷12.5mg/kg,各剂量组按0.2mL/10g体重灌胃。在第11d,将睡眠剥夺组和给药组的小鼠采用单平台水环境法进行睡眠剥夺,连续3d。在睡眠剥夺期间,继续给予实验药物。
1.4小鼠睡眠剥夺模型复制。
本研究中小鼠睡眠剥夺模型的制作采用了单平台水环境法(SPM),即在每个鼠笼中央设置一个直径约为2.5cm,高约为4.0cm的平台,鼠笼内注水,水面低于平台1cm。将一只小鼠放置在平台上,小鼠可以在平台上站立,也可进入正相睡眠即非快速眼球运动睡眠(NREM)。但当小鼠进入异相睡眠即快速眼球运动睡眠(REM)时,全身骨骼肌张力明显降低,颈部肌张力降低引起节律性低头、触水、清醒,从而无法进入REM,就此达到睡眠剥夺的目的。
1.5炭粒廓清实验。
取80只小鼠分成8组,空白对照组、睡眠剥夺组、阳性对照组、实施例1组、实施例2组、实施例3组、对照组1及对照组2。给药组每天每个小鼠5.48g/kg灌胃给药,连续给药10d。空白对照组给予生理盐水,阳性对照给予人参总皂苷12.5mg/kg。在第11d,将睡眠剥夺组和给药组的小鼠采用单平台水环境法进行睡眠剥夺,连续3d。在睡眠剥夺期间,继续给予实验药物。在末次给药1h后,分别由尾静脉准确注入用0.9%生理盐水稀释按1∶4稀释的印度墨汁,于注入墨水2min(t1)及10min(t2),分别自眼眶后静脉丛取血0.02mL,立刻吹入0.1%碳酸钠溶液2mL中,充分混匀。取血完毕以0.02mL正常小鼠血溶于2mL 0.1%碳酸钠溶液校零,于紫外可见分光光度计在600nm处测定吸光度(A)(λ),解剖小鼠,取肝脏和脾脏衡量质量,计算廓清指数(K)值和校正廓清指数(α)值。
K=(log(λ)1-log(λ)2)/(t1-t2)
α=(体质量/肝脾量)×K1/3
1.6游泳实验。
取80只小鼠分成8组,空白对照组、睡眠剥夺组、阳性对照组、实施例1组、实施例2组、实施例3组、对照组1及对照组2。给药组每天每个小鼠5.48g/kg灌胃给药,连续给药10d。空白对照组给予生理盐水,阳性对照给予人参总皂苷12.5mg/kg。在第11d,将睡眠剥夺组和给药组的小鼠采用单平台水环境法进行睡眠剥夺,连续3d。在睡眠剥夺期间,继续给予实验药物。末次给予受试物30min后,在大鼠尾根部负以小鼠体重5%的铅皮,放入水温(30.0±0.5)℃,水深30cm的游泳箱中,记录自游泳开始至小鼠沉没后10s仍不能浮出水面的时间作为小鼠力竭性游泳时间。
1.7爬杆实验。
取80只小鼠分成8组,空白对照组、睡眠剥夺组、阳性对照组、实施例1组、实施例2组、实施例3组、对照组1及对照组2。给药组每天每个小鼠5.48g/kg灌胃给药,连续给药10d。空白对照组给予生理盐水,阳性对照给予人参总皂苷12.5mg/kg。在第11d,将睡眠剥夺组和给药组的小鼠采用单平台水环境法进行睡眠剥夺,连续3d。在睡眠剥夺期间,继续给予实验药物。末次给予受试物30min后,将小鼠放在爬杆架的有机玻璃棒上,使其肌肉处于紧张状态,记录小鼠从爬杆开始,直至肌肉疲劳,无力抱住玻璃棒而落到地上的时间,反复3次,第3次跌落后终止实验,累计3次的时间作为爬杆时间。
1.8生化指标测定。
取出进行完游泳实验的小鼠,用毛细管从眼眶内眦采血,离心,制备血清,备用。将采血后的小鼠立即取肝脏和后腿部的肌肉,经生理盐水漂洗后用滤纸吸干,保存,备用。按照试剂盒提供方法检测血乳酸(BLA)、血尿素氮(BUN)、血乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)及肝糖原(LG)、肌糖原(MG)指标。
1.9统计学处理。
2结果。
2.1本发明对小鼠睡眠剥夺模型免疫功能的影响。
中药饮料对小鼠睡眠剥夺模型非特异性免疫功能的影响,见表1;与空白对照组比较,模型组廓清指数和吞噬指数显著降低(P<0.05),表明模型复制成功。与模型组比较,实施例组廓清指数和吞噬指数均显著增加(P<0.05),说明给药组均能提高睡眠剥夺小鼠的非特异性免疫功能,且呈现一定量效关系。对照组1、对照组2无治疗效果,说明配方中起到关键性作用的药物显著地技术效果。
组别 | K | α |
空白对照组 | 0.0316±0.0068 | 4.4±0.3 |
睡眠剥夺组 | 0.0146±0.0051<sup>△</sup> | 3.6±0.3<sup>△</sup> |
阳性对照组 | 0.0233±0.0064<sup>*</sup> | 4.1±0.2<sup>*</sup> |
实施例1组 | 0.0200±0.0045<sup>*</sup> | 3.9±0.2<sup>*</sup> |
实施例2组 | 0.0214±0.0083<sup>*</sup> | 4.0±0.2<sup>*</sup> |
实施例3组 | 0.0307±0.0059<sup>*</sup> | 4.6±0.2<sup>*</sup> |
对照组1 | 0.0142±0.0092 | 3.7±0.2 |
对照组2 | 0.0140±0.0071 | 3.6±0.2 |
注:与空白对照组比较,△P<0.05;与模型组比较*P<0.05。
2.2本发明对小鼠爬杆和负重游泳时间的影响。
中药饮料对小鼠爬杆和负重游泳时间的影响,见表2;阳性对照组和实施例组的小鼠均显著延长爬杆和负重游泳时间,阳性对照组差异显著(p<0.05),实施例1组、实施例2组和实施例3组差异达极显著(p<0.01)。可见,本发明能显著延长小鼠的爬杆和负重游泳时间,并且在一定范围内,与剂量成正相关。对照组1、对照组2无治疗效果,说明配方中起到关键性作用的药物显著地技术效果。
组别 | 爬杆时间(min) | 游泳时间(min) |
空白对照组 | 19.05±2.76 | 35.96±3.37 |
睡眠剥夺组 | 18.62±1.35<sup>△</sup> | 33.98±2.73<sup>△</sup> |
阳性对照组 | 28.21±1.68<sup>*</sup> | 45.18±2.32<sup>*</sup> |
实施例1组 | 30.13±2.06<sup>**</sup> | 47.21±2.43<sup>**</sup> |
实施例2组 | 37.81±3.12<sup>**</sup> | 55.42±3.58<sup>**</sup> |
实施例3组 | 41.54±3.52<sup>**</sup> | 58.13±3.16<sup>**</sup> |
对照组1 | 18.43±1.27 | 33.67±3.68 |
对照组2 | 18.37±2.24 | 33.51±2.91 |
注:与空白对照组比较,△P<0.05;与模型组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01。
2.3本发明对小鼠运动后BLA、BUN含量和LDH活力的影响。
中药饮料对小鼠运动后BLA、BUN含量和LDH活力的影响,见表3;实施例组的BLA含量均有明显的降低,与模型组相比,阳性对照组、给药组中实施例1、2、3组差异显著(p<0.05);实施例组的BUN的含量也均有一定程度的降低,与模型组相比,给药组中实施例1、2、3组和阳性对照组差异显著(p<0.05);实施例组的LDH活力均有一定程度的提高,与模型组相比,给药组中实施例1、2、3组差异极显著(p<0.01)。可见,实施例组的本品均能显著降低小鼠运动后血清中BLA的水平;实施例组的本品能显著降低小鼠运动后血清中BUN的含量,提高LDH活性。
组别 | BLA(mmol/L) | BUN(mmol/L) | LDH活力(U/L) |
空白对照组 | 9.78±0.55 | 9.66±0.41 | 4356.77±309.35 |
睡眠剥夺组 | 9.93±0.43<sup>△</sup> | 9.86±0.23<sup>△</sup> | 4278.63±296.17<sup>△</sup> |
阳性对照组 | 8.61±0.37<sup>*</sup> | 9.14±0.21<sup>*</sup> | 4579.42±209.16<sup>*</sup> |
实施例1组 | 8.54±0.56<sup>*</sup> | 8.85±0.28<sup>*</sup> | 5086.22±273.63<sup>**</sup> |
实施例2组 | 7.65±0.76<sup>*</sup> | 8.56±0.15<sup>*</sup> | 5168.63±287.23<sup>**</sup> |
实施例3组 | 7.45±0.62<sup>*</sup> | 8.24±0.35<sup>*</sup> | 5634.51±231.17<sup>**</sup> |
对照组1 | 9.92±0.28 | 9.87±0.37 | 4251.13±221.37 |
对照组2 | 9.96±0.17 | 9.89±0.49 | 4279.28±301.14 |
注:与空白对照组比较,△P<0.05;与模型组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01。
2.4本发明对小鼠运动后糖原的影响。
中药饮料对小鼠运动后糖原的影响,见表4;实施例组和阳性对照组均能显著提高小鼠MG的含量(p<0.05);实施例组小鼠LG的含量也均有一定程度的提高。
注:与空白对照组比较,△P<0.05;与模型组比较,*P<0.05。
二、下面通过具体病例对本发明的疗效进一步进行验证。
病例1、刘某,男,38岁,为一名足球爱好者,但是由于随着年龄增大,经常在球赛结束后出现体力透支、浑身酸痛、乏力等症状;于是开始服用本发明实施例1,患者明显感觉比以往运动结束后体力恢复快,乏力等症状消除明显,一般按照每天2罐后服用,3天即可恢复正常,效果明显。
病例2、赵某,男,25岁,赵某为一名在读研究生;由于实验繁忙、工作量大,常早出晚归,感觉全身酸疼、食欲不佳、浑身乏力,犯困等症状,体力恢复很慢;于是服用本发明实施例2,明显感觉上述症状消除明显,精力充沛;一般每天按照2罐服用,3天即可恢复正常,效果明显。
病例3、蒋某,男,26岁,蒋某为一名药品销售专员,每天奔波各大医院、药房,睡眠不足,饮食没有规律。由于工作需要又长期饮酒,出差;出现肌肉酸痛、浑身乏力、犯困等现象;于是服用本发明实施例3,患者明显感觉症状消除明显,一般按照每天2罐服用,3天即可恢复正常,明显感觉抗疲劳能力增强。
病例4、王某,男,45岁,为一名大货车司机,由于工作原因长期跑夜路,疲劳驾驶;由于疲倦乏力常借酒入睡,醒来浑身乏力,犯困,没精打采。于是服用本发明实施例2,明显感觉上述症状消除明显,夜间长途驾驶精力充沛;酒醒后服用倦怠感明显消失,精神抖擞。一般每天按照2罐服用,3天即可恢复正常,提神能力明显感觉增强。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例,并不用于限制本发明,对其中部分技术特症进行等同替换,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种提神抗疲劳的中药饮料,其特征在于,饮料配方包括主药和辅料,该中药饮料主药由如下重量份数的中药组成:牛蒡根20-30份,亚贡叶1-3份,螺旋藻1-3份,肉苁蓉1-3份,干姜1-3份,花椒1-3份,蜂王浆1-3份,龙眼肉1-3份,刺五加1-3份,绞股蓝1-3份,砂仁1-3份,青皮1-3份,鸡内金1-3份,藿香1-3份,泽泻1-3份,酸枣仁1-3份,赤芍1-3份,川芎1-3份,薏苡仁1-3份,附子1-3份,山楂1-3份,麦芽1-3份,百合1-3份,桑椹1-3份,槐花1-3份,橘皮1-3份,蓝莓1-3份,红花1-3份,芡实1-3份;辅料包括甜味剂15-25份,酸度调节剂1-3份,防腐剂1-3份,稳定剂1-3份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的提神抗疲劳的中药饮料,其特征在于,所述稳定剂为羧甲基纤维素钠或柠檬酸钠。
3.根据权利要求1所述的提神抗疲劳的中药饮料,其特征在于,所述甜味剂为蔗糖、甜蜜素、安赛蜜、山梨糖醇中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种提神抗疲劳的中药饮料,其特征在于,所述酸度调节剂为柠檬酸或苹果酸。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种提神抗疲劳的中药饮料,其特征在于,所述防腐剂为山梨酸钾或苯甲酸钠。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种提神抗疲劳的中药饮料,其特征在于,该中药饮料由如下重量份数的组分组成:牛蒡根25份,亚贡叶2份,螺旋藻2份,肉苁蓉2份,干姜2份,花椒2份,蜂王浆2份,龙眼肉2份,刺五加2份,绞股蓝2份,砂仁2份,青皮2份,鸡内金2份,藿香2份,泽泻2份,酸枣仁3份,赤芍3份,川芎2份,薏苡仁2份,附子2份,山楂3份,麦芽2份,百合2份,桑椹2份,槐花2份,橘皮2份,蓝莓2份,红花2份,芡实2份,白砂糖20份,柠檬酸1份,山梨酸钾1份,柠檬酸钠2份。
7.根据权利要求1所述提神抗疲劳的中药饮料,其特征在于,该中药饮料由如下重量份数的组分组成:牛蒡根20份,亚贡叶3份,螺旋藻3份,肉苁蓉3份,干姜3份,花椒3份,蜂王浆3份,龙眼肉3份,刺五加3份,绞股蓝3份,砂仁3份,青皮3份,鸡内金3份,藿香3份,泽泻3份,酸枣仁2份,赤芍2份,川芎1份,薏苡仁1份,附子1份,山楂2份,麦芽1份,百合1份,桑椹1份,槐花1份,橘皮1份,蓝莓1份,红花1份,芡实1份,白砂糖15份,柠檬酸2份,山梨酸钾2份,羧甲基纤维素钠3份。
8.根据权利要求1所述提神抗疲劳的中药饮料,其特征在于,该中药饮料由如下重量份数的组分组成:牛蒡根30份,亚贡叶1份,螺旋藻1份,肉苁蓉1份,干姜1份,花椒1份,蜂王浆1份,龙眼肉1份,刺五加1份,绞股蓝1份,砂仁1份,青皮1份,鸡内金1份,藿香1份,泽泻1份,酸枣仁1份,赤芍1份,川芎3份,薏苡仁3份,附子3份,山楂1份,麦芽3份,百合3份,桑椹3份,槐花3份,橘皮3份,蓝莓3份,红花3份,芡实3份,果糖25份,苹果酸3份,苯甲酸钠3份,柠檬酸钠1份。
9.根据权利要求1-5任一所述的提神抗疲劳的中药饮料的制备方法,其特征在于,该制备方法包括如下步骤:
步骤1.中药混合液的制备:称取中药,按重量份数配比加入牛蒡根,亚贡叶,螺旋藻,肉苁蓉,干姜,花椒,蜂王浆,龙眼肉,刺五加,绞股蓝,砂仁,青皮,鸡内金,藿香,泽泻,酸枣仁,赤芍,川芎,薏苡仁,附子,山楂,麦芽,百合,桑椹,槐花,橘皮,蓝莓,红花,芡实,放入容器内,加入10-20倍量水,浸泡30-60分钟,然后开始煎煮1-2小时,过滤煎煮液,药渣再加入10-20倍量水进行煎煮,过滤煎煮液,合并两次煎煮液,备用;
步骤2.浓缩:将上述中药混合液浓缩至药材量,得到液体A;
步骤3.调配:逐步将甜味剂15-25份,酸度调节剂1-3份,防腐剂1-3份,稳定剂1-3份,加入到液体A中,不停搅拌至全部溶解,得液体B;往液体B中加水,定容至所需体积,搅拌均匀;
步骤4.均质:使用均质机对饮料进行均质处理,使之均匀混合;
步骤5.过滤:使用明胶作为澄清剂,澄清剂的用量是0.012%,采用袋滤器使饮料澄清透明;
步骤6.灭菌:采用巴氏杀菌机80-85℃杀菌30min;
步骤7.罐装封口:使用饮料灌装封口机进行罐装、封口。
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