CN107847386A - 大型轻质棺材及其制造方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种大型轻质模制棺材,包括衬有增强间隔件材料(19)的大型纸浆模制外部壳体(17),例如单面ReBoardTM蜂窝结构或与所述壳体贴合并附着的模制间隔件材料,并且还包括内部壳体(18),其由模制纸浆或纸基材料制成。用于制造这种轻质棺材的方法涉及在用弹性体材料(6)覆盖的第一凸形半模(5)和第二凹形半模(3)之间挤压浆化纸浆以形成模制纸浆壳体(17),并且将增强间隔件材料(18)粘合到所述模制纸浆外部壳体(17)的内部和内部壳体。
Description
技术领域
整体上,本文的实施例涉及大型轻质棺材,并且涉及制造这样的模制容器的方法。
背景技术
纸浆模制在本领域中已知用于生产小型包装,例如蛋盒、一次性食物盘、盒插入物和其他保护包装材料等。
US6245199描述了一种纸浆模制托盘的方法,其中起始材料是含有纤维素纤维的悬浮液。将凸形半模浸入悬浮液浴中,然后在加热和加压下将半模压合在一起。
SE529897C2描述了一种托盘的纸浆模制,其中使用脱水容器来成形纸浆托盘,然后将纸浆托盘转移到压缩工具,在该压缩工具处托盘经受压力和热。它涉及转移步骤,不容易适用于大型容器。
具有光滑表面和强健、轻质结构的大型容器是很难纸浆模制的。难以解决的复杂问题已经阻止了纸浆模制来生产轻质棺材的广泛应用。
例如,EP0466653描述了一种由模制纸浆制成的棺材,没有任何增强间隔件衬里。上部和下部的棺材半部是纸浆模制的,具有用于加固的整体肋44、46。这些防止光滑的表面完成,不允许形成具有轻轻弯曲光滑壁的经典的诱人的棺材形状。
US4162935还描述了由脱水纸浆制成的棺材。模具还提供用于增强的整体肋20,其防止具有完成的光滑表面和典型的棺材形状。
WO06016072描述了由具有纸片材面和可能的聚氨酯涂层的蜂窝层构成的板或面板。这种蜂窝板的一个可能提及的用途是用于构造轻质且便宜的棺材。
GB-2448592描述了由夹层蜂窝纸板制成的棺材,其可以用单板或其他材料覆盖以给出木材的外观。
然而,相关领域都没有公开或暗示如何实现本文实施例所提供的解决方案。
发明内容
这里的实施例旨在解决在现有技术的设计中仍存在的难以协调的相互关联的问题的复杂性:
使用现有的纸浆模制方法来生产非常大的物体是非常困难的。这部分是由于压机中纸浆压缩所使用的两个金属半模的热膨胀和收缩问题造成的。如果半模的尺寸变化,那么由于在压缩过程期间不可避免地变得更冷和更热,而使得容器的强度受到损害,并且表面将不平滑和均匀。如果成品的表面质量和强度不重要,例如对于包装材料或一次性餐具而言,那么这不是问题,但是在成品的强度和表面光洁度非常重要的情况下,这是一个问题。通常难以实现纸浆模制产品中的强度和表面均匀性,特别是在这种薄的产品中。
现在可以使用我们共同未决的专利申请No.1550864-1中描述和要求保护的半模和设备来制造具有改进的强度和光滑度的模制纸浆的大体积轻质壳体,该专利申请的名称为“Pulp Molding Apparatus and Molds for Use Therein(纸浆模制设备及其所用的模具)”
并且使用我们共同未决的专利申请No.1550866-6中描述的轻质3-D形材料,该专利申请的名称为“Large Lightweight Molded Material and Method for itsManufacture(大型轻质模制材料及其制造方法)”。
迄今为止,提供一种轻质、非常坚固、具有光滑且均匀的外表面、并且首先制造容易且便宜的棺材已经证明是非常困难的。
上面列出的问题的整个复合体在如所附主要专利权利要求中所限定的实施例中找到其解决方案。
根据实施例,提供一种大型轻质模制棺材,其包括外部壳体、用作增强间隔件的芯部材料和内部壳体,所述外部壳体由模制纸浆制成,所述增强间隔件贴合并附着到所述外部壳体的内部,所述内部壳体由模制纸浆或柔性纸基材料制成,附着到所述芯部间隔件材料。
在实施例中,间隔件材料可以是六边形单元的纸基蜂窝片材。
在实施例中,芯部间隔件材料可以由模制纸浆的间隔件结构制成。
在实施例中,增强间隔件材料可以由Re-制成。
在实施例中,Re-间隔件材料可以仅具有单个内部覆盖片材。
在实施例中,增强间隔件材料可以包括由基本上垂直于所述壳体的壁分开的中空单元。
在实施例中,外部壳体可以由具有阻燃剂添加剂的纸浆模制而成。
在实施例中,棺材覆盖物还可以包括模制纸浆的外部壳体和增强间隔件材料。
在另一方面,提供一种生产模制棺材的方法,包括:
a.在覆盖有弹性体材料的第一凸形半模和第二凹形半模之间挤压浆化纸浆,并且在升高的温度下、在压力下干燥该材料以形成模制纸浆壳体,
b.提供芯部间隔件结构并将所述增强间隔件结构粘合到所述模制纸浆壳体的内部,
c.提供由模制纸浆或另一种柔性纸基材料制成的内部壳体,并将所述内部壳体粘合到芯部间隔件结构。
在实施例中,所述方法可以包括将测定量的疏水化添加剂混合到浆化纸浆。
在实施例中,所述方法可以包括将测定量的干强度和湿强度添加剂混合到浆化纸浆。
在实施例中,所述方法可以包括将测定量的疏水化添加剂混合到浆化纸浆。
在实施例中,所述方法可以包括通过喷涂或涂布用疏水化涂层对棺材材料的外层进行表面处理。
在实施例中,所述方法可以包括在壳体的内侧上喷涂粘合剂,以将所述间隔件材料粘合到所述壳体。
在另一方面,提供一种大型轻质棺材,其包括弯曲的外部壳体、用作柔性增强间隔件的柔性芯部材料和内部壳体,所述外部壳体由模制纸浆制成,所述柔性增强间隔件贴合并附着到所述外部壳体的内部,所述内部壳体由模制纸浆或柔性纸基材料制成,附着到所述芯部间隔件材料。
在实施例中,柔性增强间隔件可以是六边形单元的纸基蜂窝片材。
在实施例中,柔性增强间隔件可以是波纹芯部结构。
在实施例中,柔性增强间隔件可以由模制纸浆的间隔件结构制成。
在实施例中,柔性增强间隔件可以由Re-带槽纸板制成。
在实施例中,Re-boardTM间隔件可以仅具有单个内部覆盖片材。
在实施例中,柔性增强间隔件可以包括由基本上垂直于所述壳体的壁分开的中空单元。
在实施例中,外部壳体可以由具有阻燃剂添加剂的纸浆模制而成。
在实施例中,棺材覆盖物还可以包括模制纸浆的外部壳体和增强间隔件材料。
根据另一个方面,提供一种生产棺材的方法,包括:
a.在覆盖或浇铸有弹性体材料的第一金属凸形半模和第二金属凹形半模之间挤压浆化纸浆,并且在升高的温度下、在压力下干燥纸浆浆料,以形成所述弯曲的模制纸浆壳体,
b.提供柔性间隔件结构并将其作为所述柔性增强间隔件粘合到所述弯曲的模制纸浆壳体的内部,
c.提供由模制纸浆或另一种柔性纸基材料制成的内部壳体,并将所述内部壳体粘合到所述柔性增强间隔件。
在实施例中,所述方法可以包括将测定量的疏水化添加剂混合到浆化纸浆。
在实施例中,所述方法可以包括将测定量的干强度和湿强度添加剂混合到浆化纸浆。
在实施例中,所述方法可以包括将测定量的疏水化添加剂混合到浆化纸浆。
在实施例中,所述方法可以包括通过喷涂或涂布用疏水化涂层对棺材材料的外层进行表面处理。
在实施例中,所述方法可以包括在壳体的内侧上喷涂粘合剂,以将所述柔性增强间隔件粘合到所述壳体。
附图说明
现在将参考附图更详细地描述本文的实施例,其中:
图1示出了根据本文实施例的棺材的下部部分的横截面图。
图2a示出了图1所示棺材的下部部分的透视图,图2b示出了设置有盖子的棺材的透视图。
图3示意性地示出了在可用于制造根据本文实施例的棺材的壳体的方法中使用的一对半模。
具体实施方式
根据本文的实施例的大型轻质模制棺材的下部容器部分在图1中以横截面示出并且在图2(a)中以透视图示出。图2b显示了以类似的模制纸浆方式制成的具有盖子的完整棺材。
棺材中所用的轻质材料通过三个不同的部件构成为夹层结构,这三个不同的部件包括:
由3-D形模制纸浆制成的外部壳体17。这是材料的表面,并且通过例如使用在我们的共同未决的、名称为“Pulp Molding Apparatus and Molds for Use Therein(纸浆模制设备及其所用的模具)”的专利申请No.1550864-1中描述的用于生产大型模制纸浆物体的新颖方法,将
i)具有光滑且均匀的表面,并且使复杂的3-D形设计成为可能。
ii)由柔性间隔件结构组成的芯部18,所述柔性间隔件结构可以具有但不限于具有的芯部、纸ReBoardTM蜂窝结构、模制芯部结构(如在国际专利申请WO2010138066A1中所述)、或者用于波纹板的通过开槽制成的波纹状芯部结构。
iii)由模制纸浆或柔性纸基材料(如衬板或纸板)制成的内部壳体19。
通过使用如上所述的夹层结构,可以制造复杂的3D形设计的棺材,同时获得高强度材料。
在本文的一个实施例中,棺材的外部壳体17由模制纸浆制成,并且在具有的所示实施例中在其暴露的内ReBoard(TM)表面19上内衬有仅仅单个衬板。然后,ReBoardTM组成上面的芯部结构(ii)和上面的内部壳体(iii)。由于其中一块衬板已经从普通的ReBoardTM材料上取下,所以ReBoardTM18可以弯曲而不会断裂,以便在粘合到壳体上之前与模制纸浆壳体17的内侧相贴合,然后将缺少的衬板替换为增强ReBoardTM间隔件结构。
当然也可以使用其他芯部材料作为间隔件来为棺材的外部模制纸浆壳体提供衬里,这些芯部材料能够贴合模制纸浆壳体的内部曲率。具有与壳体的表面垂直地延伸的壁的蜂窝结构也是一种可能的间隔件材料,和波纹板中所用的波纹芯部或者如上所述的纸浆模制间隔件材料一样,然后覆盖有另一个由纸基材料的模制纸浆制成的内部壳体,以产生高强度轻质材料。
一些特殊的功能特征适用于棺材,特别是如果它们用于火化。普通棺材的规格是:
i)具有足够的机械强度携带120公斤的体重。
ii)具有尺寸稳定性和湿强度,可以存放在冷冻机里。
iii)具有防水性能,可承受多雨的天气。
iv)如果在火化过程中使用,应在火炉中加热(约900℃)至少15秒,不得着火。
预计纸板/reboard棺材将具有非常快的燃烧。为了火葬场工作人员的安全和身体的最佳火化,根据本文实施例的一个实施方案,将测定量的阻燃剂混入浆料中以制造模制纸浆壳体和/或喷涂在模塑壳体和芯部间隔件材料的表面上。为了使模制壳体足够坚硬,将干强度添加剂加入到纸浆中,并且为了具有足够的湿强度而能够在冷冻机中储存,向纸浆中加入足量的湿强度添加剂。为了在外部壳体上获得足够的防水性,将疏水化添加剂加入到纸浆浆料中。通过使用喷雾器或涂布机添加疏水化表面涂层,甚至可以进一步提高疏水性。也可以在壳体的内表面上喷涂粘合剂,这将使芯部间隔件材料附着到壳体上并牢固地粘合到壳体上。
模制3-D形材料17具有均匀且光滑的表面以及良好的机械性能。为了获得适当的硬度,模制材料的密度需要为至少100kg/m3,但是根据在模制过程期间使用的压力可能甚至更高。
模制材料可以由来自各种纤维的纸浆制成,例如原生木纤维(例如化学热机械纸浆、化学纸浆或机械纸浆)、回收木纤维、由粘胶、棉花或其它纤维素纤维制成的纺织纤维,但也可以由包含纤维的纸浆制成,所述纤维与热塑性纤维例如聚乳酸(如在例如专利EP2171154A1中所述)混合以产生复合材料。图2a示出了根据本文实施例的棺材的下部容器部分17,其设置有内部间隔件结构和内部壳体19。图2b示出了根据本文的实施例的完全封闭的棺材,其中盖子21位于棺材20的底部部分上。
图3以纵向剖视图示出了用于制造本文实施例的增强棺材的壳体17的一对半模。凸形半模5由中空的铝制成,并涂覆有大约30mm厚的弹性体6。该弹性体优选地喷涂到铝半模上。也可以将弹性体浇注到铝半模上。典型的弹性体6应该是疏水性的,但不经受水解。有利的硬度,特别是在弹性体上喷涂而言,为70A-肖氏硬度,以提供最佳的弹性性能。5mm相互间隔15mm的5mm直径的通孔覆盖弹性体层并连接到凸形半模的铝本体中的通孔8。在凸形半模内产生0.5-0.9巴的真空。在弹性体层的顶部上有丝网。在这种情况下,它是100目(即每英寸100线)的,厚度约为1mm。丝网也可以铺设成多层,这将进一步有助于使真空力更均匀地分布。凹形半模3由铝制成并且在这个例子中具有700kg的重量。例如通过嵌入在凹形半模3的材料中的加热棒将其加热到大约200℃。这是加热凹形半模的最节能的方法。其内表面将产生产品的外表面。两个半模可以由多孔铝制成,以增加烧结材料的强度并增加导热性。
在浸入浆料浴后,凸形半模5通过真空使浆料脱水至大约20%的干度(80%的水),然后将凸形半模5压入凹形半模3,直到两个半模之间的间隙为大约1mm。对于这个特定的产品,该间隙可以在大约0.8至大约1.2mm之间变化而没有不利影响。然后将材料在升高的温度(>100度,优选150度)下加压干燥。由于吸收来自凸形半模3(大约25℃的温度)的冷却,继而使得热铝凹形半模5(最初大约200℃)在压缩过程中又下降大约13℃。这种温度变化导致凹形半模在其大约7-8mm的长度上收缩,在其宽度(2.5毫米)和高度(1.5毫米)上相应收缩。这由弹性体层6补偿。凸形和凹形半模两者的温度在压缩过程中上下变化,因此模具的尺寸反复轻微地变化。在常规的纸浆模制工艺中,这些尺寸变化会导致成品中的应力和不均匀,甚至可能导致破裂。在该具体示例性产品中,没有弹性体层,凹形半模的温度必须相当精确,即在该实例中在大约1950至2040℃之间。在这种类型的工业过程中,这种精度难以实现和保持。甚至在制造较小的纸浆模制产品时也经历了这些问题,并且需要精确调节温度以避免这些问题。大多数纸浆模制产品(例如蛋盒)为若干毫米厚,因此更多孔,这种产品是否表面粗糙没有区别。具有粗糙表面的产品不能在许多应用中使用。对于大型产品来说,尺寸热膨胀/收缩的问题会大大增加。迄今为止,这些问题使得不可能制造具有合理废品率和光滑表面的大型纸浆模制产品。
本文的实施例被开发尤其用于生产棺材的壳体,其具有极少废品并且不需要精确地监测和连续地调节两个半模的温度。由于弹性体用于吸收凸形半模和凹形半模的大部分尺寸变化,所以它们可以做得比其他方式更轻更薄,原因在于它们不需要大的质量来防止温度变化。例如,在这个例子中,凹形半模重约750kg。如果其必须保持更恒定的温度,则可能必须具有数吨的质量,需要更多的能量来加热如此大的质量并保持热量。
棺材通常具有弯曲的侧面,这在以胶合板或木板生产时是昂贵的。根据本文的实施例,可以生产厚度为大约1-2mm的壳体,其提供最大刚度。大于或小于此厚度(1-2mm)的厚度提供较小的刚度。
这些问题是通过用弹性体材料涂覆凸形半模的表面然后在其上施加一个或多个丝网来解决的。该弹性体材料在压缩/加热过程期间连续补偿两个半模的变化尺寸。
对于模制壳体而言还有利的是,将固定半模(在这种情况下为凹形半模)安装成稍微可水平移动(±25mm),以确保任何加热膨胀不会妨碍在压制操作过程中凸形和凹形半模之间的正确水平对准。
从图3中可以看出,凸形半模在弹性体层下面设置有槽14和大孔8,以防止保持纸浆浆料的真空的任何下降,并使其在丝网表面上脱水。
本文的其他实施方式进一步描述了生产上述模制轻质棺材的方法。生产棺材的步骤包括:
i)根据特定棺材的设计,通过使用上述设备提供3-D形模制材料,添加或不添加将被用作棺材的外部壳体17的功能添加剂
ii)在棺材材料中提供用作芯部18的间隔件材料,并将所述芯部间隔件材料粘合到外部3-D形模制壳体
iii)提供由附着到间隔件材料18的3-D形模制材料或者柔性纸基材料制成的内部壳体19。
Claims (29)
1.一种大型轻模制质棺材,其包括:
外部壳体(17)、用作增强间隔件材料(18)的芯部材料和内部壳体(19),所述外部壳体由模制纸浆制成,所述增强间隔件贴合并附着到所述外部壳体的内部,所述内部壳体由模制纸浆或柔性纸基材料制成,附着到所述芯部间隔件材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的模制棺材,其特征在于,所述增强间隔件材料是六边形单元的纸基蜂窝片材。
3.根据权利要求1所述的模制棺材,其特征在于,所述芯部间隔件材料由模制纸浆的间隔件结构制成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的模制棺材,其特征在于,所述增强间隔件材料(18)由带槽纸板制成。
5.根据权利要求3所述的模制棺材,其特征在于,所述间隔件材料仅具有单个内部覆盖片材(19)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的模制棺材,其特征在于,所述增强间隔件材料包括由基本上垂直于所述壳体的壁分开的中空单元。
7.根据权利要求1所述的模制棺材,其特征在于,所述外部壳体由具有阻燃剂添加剂的纸浆模制而成。
8.根据权利要求1所述的模制棺材,其特征在于,所述棺材包括棺材覆盖物(12),所述棺材覆盖物还包括模制纸浆的外部壳体和增强间隔件。
9.一种生产根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的模制棺材的方法,其特征在于:
a.在覆盖有弹性体材料(6)的第一凸形半模(5)和第二凹形半模(3)之间挤压浆化纸浆,并且在升高的温度下、在压力下干燥该材料以形成模制纸浆壳体(17),
b.提供芯部间隔件结构并将所述增强间隔件结构(18)粘合到所述模制纸浆壳体(17)的内部,
c.提供由模制纸浆或另一种柔性纸基材料制成的内部壳体,并将所述内部壳体粘合到芯部间隔件结构。
10.根据权利要求9所述的生产模制棺材的方法,其特征还在于:将测定量的阻燃剂混合到浆化纸浆和/或将阻燃剂喷涂到壳体的表面。
11.根据权利要求9-10中任一项所述的生产模制棺材的方法,其特征还在于:将测定量的干强度和湿强度添加剂混合到浆化纸浆。
12.根据权利要求9-11中任一项所述的生产模制棺材的方法,其特征还在于:将测定量的疏水化添加剂混合到浆化纸浆。
13.根据权利要求9-12中任一项所述的生产模制棺材的方法,其特征在于,通过喷涂或涂布用疏水化涂层对棺材材料的外层进行表面处理。
14.根据权利要求9-13中任一项所述的生产模制棺材的方法,其特征还在于,在壳体的内侧上喷涂粘合剂,以将所述间隔件材料粘合到所述壳体。
15.一种大型轻质棺材,其包括:
弯曲的外部壳体(17)、用作柔性增强间隔件(18)的柔性芯部材料和内部壳体(19),所述外部壳体由模制纸浆制成,所述柔性增强间隔件贴合并附着到所述外部壳体的内部,所述内部壳体由模制纸浆或柔性纸基材料制成,附着到所述芯部间隔件材料。
16.根据权利要求15所述的棺材,其特征在于,所述柔性增强间隔件是六边形单元的纸基蜂窝片材。
17.根据权利要求15所述的棺材,其特征在于,所述柔性增强间隔件是波纹芯部结构。
18.根据权利要求15所述的棺材,其特征在于,所述柔性增强间隔件由模制纸浆的间隔件结构制成。
19.根据权利要求15所述的棺材,其特征在于,所述柔性增强间隔件(18)由带槽纸板制成。
20.根据权利要求19所述的棺材,其特征在于,所述Re-boardTM间隔件仅具有单个内部覆盖片材(19)。
21.根据权利要求15所述的棺材,其特征在于,所述柔性增强间隔件包括由基本上垂直于所述壳体的壁分开的中空单元。
22.根据权利要求15所述的棺材,其特征在于,所述外部壳体由具有阻燃剂添加剂的纸浆模制而成。
23.根据权利要求15所述的棺材,其特征在于,所述棺材包括棺材覆盖物(12),所述棺材覆盖物还包括模制纸浆的外部壳体和增强间隔件。
24.一种生产棺材的方法,其特征在于:
a.在喷涂或浇铸有弹性体材料(6)的第一金属凸形半模(5)和第二金属凹形半模(3)之间挤压浆化纸浆,并且在升高的温度下、在压力下干燥纸浆浆料,以形成所述弯曲的模制纸浆壳体(17),
b.提供柔性间隔件结构并将其作为所述柔性增强间隔件(18)粘合到所述弯曲的模制纸浆壳体(17)的内部,
c.提供由模制纸浆或另一种柔性纸基材料制成的内部壳体,并将所述内部壳体粘合到所述柔性增强间隔件。
25.根据权利要求24所述的生产棺材的方法,其特征还在于:将测定量的阻燃剂混合到浆化纸浆和/或将阻燃剂喷涂到壳体的表面。
26.根据权利要求24-25中任一项所述的生产棺材的方法,其特征还在于:将测定量的干强度和湿强度添加剂混合到浆化纸浆。
27.根据权利要求24-26中任一项所述的生产棺材的方法,其特征还在于:将测定量的疏水化添加剂混合到浆化纸浆。
28.根据权利要求24-27中任一项所述的生产棺材的方法,其特征在于,通过喷涂或涂布用疏水化涂层对棺材材料的外层进行表面处理。
29.根据权利要求24-28中任一项所述的生产棺材的方法,其特征还在于,在壳体的内侧上喷涂粘合剂,以将所述柔性增强间隔件粘合到所述壳体。
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SE1550867-4 | 2015-06-23 | ||
SE1550867A SE539867C2 (en) | 2015-06-23 | 2015-06-23 | Large Lightweight Coffin and Method for its Manufacture |
PCT/SE2016/050628 WO2016209158A1 (en) | 2015-06-23 | 2016-06-23 | Large lightweight coffin and method for its manufacture |
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US (1) | US10974490B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP3313349B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP6795141B2 (zh) |
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AU (1) | AU2016281466B2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2990059A1 (zh) |
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ES (1) | ES2863240T3 (zh) |
PL (1) | PL3313349T3 (zh) |
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SE539867C2 (en) | 2015-06-23 | 2017-12-27 | Organoclick Ab | Large Lightweight Coffin and Method for its Manufacture |
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RU2697237C2 (ru) | 2019-08-13 |
JP2018519901A (ja) | 2018-07-26 |
AU2016281466A1 (en) | 2018-02-01 |
ES2863240T3 (es) | 2021-10-11 |
EP3313349B1 (en) | 2021-01-06 |
WO2016209158A1 (en) | 2016-12-29 |
RU2017144293A3 (zh) | 2019-07-25 |
AU2016281466B2 (en) | 2020-10-22 |
SE1550867A1 (en) | 2016-12-24 |
EP3313349A4 (en) | 2019-01-30 |
US10974490B2 (en) | 2021-04-13 |
PL3313349T3 (pl) | 2021-07-05 |
EP3313349A1 (en) | 2018-05-02 |
CA2990059A1 (en) | 2016-12-29 |
RU2017144293A (ru) | 2019-07-25 |
SE539867C2 (en) | 2017-12-27 |
JP6795141B2 (ja) | 2020-12-02 |
DK3313349T3 (da) | 2021-03-22 |
US20180177661A1 (en) | 2018-06-28 |
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