CN107750663B - Double horizontal shaft type straw crushing and mulching film recycling combined machine - Google Patents

Double horizontal shaft type straw crushing and mulching film recycling combined machine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107750663B
CN107750663B CN201711170743.3A CN201711170743A CN107750663B CN 107750663 B CN107750663 B CN 107750663B CN 201711170743 A CN201711170743 A CN 201711170743A CN 107750663 B CN107750663 B CN 107750663B
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China
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film
plastic film
straw
crushing
channel
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CN107750663A (en
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王士国
陈学庚
温浩军
颜利民
缑海啸
赵岩
纪超
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Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences
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Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01DHARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D82/00Crop conditioners, i.e. machines for crushing or bruising stalks
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B43/00Gatherers for removing stones, undesirable roots or the like from the soil, e.g. tractor-drawn rakes

Abstract

The utility model provides a plastic film recovery combine is smashed to two horizontal axis formula straw, includes frame, its characterized in that: be equipped with straw reducing mechanism, fan, incomplete membrane pickup mechanism and collection membrane case in the frame, straw reducing mechanism contains: the straw crushing machine comprises a shell A and a straw discharging channel, wherein a rotatable straw crushing cutter is arranged in the shell A, and the crushed straw can be discharged from a discharge hole of the straw discharging channel; the residual film pickup mechanism comprises: play membrane mechanism and plastic film shredder mechanism, plastic film shredder mechanism establishes in the top of play membrane mechanism, plastic film shredder mechanism contains casing B, is equipped with plastic film crushing roller and plastic film crushing sword in the casing B, plastic film crushing sword articulates to establish at plastic film crushing roller surface, and plastic film crushing sword can swing on plastic film crushing roller around its pin joint.

Description

Double horizontal shaft type straw crushing and mulching film recycling combined machine
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a double-horizontal-shaft straw smashing and mulching film recycling combined machine.
Background
At present, the application of the mulching film planting technology is very common, great benefits are brought to agriculture, but residual film remains in the land to become a serious problem, great pollution and harm are brought to soil and environment, the growth of crops is hindered due to white pollution, and the capability of the crops is seriously lost, on the other hand, when the mulching film planting technology is applied, the straw smashing and returning to the field is an important technical measure, so that at the end of a crop planting season, the mulching film recycling and the crop straw smashing and returning to the field are often carried out simultaneously.
The two modes of mulching film recovery and crop straw crushing and returning are carried out step by step and synchronous, but in the actual operation of any mode, the straw is cleaned and crushed firstly, then the mulching film is recovered, and the existing machinery can more or less roll part of the mulching film into the crop straw when cleaning and crushing the straw, so that the mulching film recovery is difficult.
Although various straw crushing and returning and mulching film recycling combined operation machines exist in the market, the actual use effect is not ideal, and the main reasons are as follows: after crops are harvested, the straws are crushed and returned to the field, and the conventional equipment returns the crushed straws to one side of the combined machine, so that the crushed straws are returned to the field in a strip shape, and if the crushed straws are thrown backwards, the operation of recovering mulching films is influenced.
In addition, the plastic film is retrieved mainly to adopt and is hugs tooth or play the membrane shovel, turns out the plastic film from the ground, realizes retrieving again, and present play soil shovel or hug tooth and lift the back with the plastic film, can pile up in hugging tooth or play membrane shovel department, after walking one end time, need park and clear up the plastic film of hugging tooth or play membrane shovel department, later work again, and such shortcoming is, work efficiency is low to pile up when hugging tooth or play membrane shovel department the plastic film and unload the membrane, still need clear up alone again. The chain harrow or the roller type film collecting component is easy to cause the phenomena of winding and rewinding of the mulching film, and the film stripping is a common problem in the existing residual film recycling machinery.
Therefore, the double-horizontal-shaft straw smashing and mulching film recycling combined machine is convenient to use, straw smashing and returning are achieved at one time, and residual film recycling operation is achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a double horizontal shaft type straw smashing and mulching film recycling combined machine, which comprises a frame (11) and is characterized in that: be equipped with straw reducing mechanism (2), fan (12), incomplete membrane pickup mechanism and collection membrane case (8) on frame (11), straw reducing mechanism (2) contain: the straw crushing device comprises a shell A (18) and a straw discharging channel (13), wherein a rotatable straw crushing cutter (2-1) is arranged in the shell A (18), a fixed cutter (17) is arranged on the inner wall of the shell A (18), the straw discharging channel (13) is provided with a feed inlet and a discharge outlet, the feed inlet is communicated with the shell A (18), and the straw can be discharged from the discharge outlet of the straw discharging channel (13) after being crushed by the straw crushing cutter (2-1) and the fixed cutter (17);
the residual film pickup mechanism comprises: the plastic film cutting mechanism comprises a film lifting mechanism (6) and a plastic film cutting mechanism, wherein the plastic film cutting mechanism is arranged above the film lifting mechanism (6), the plastic film cutting mechanism comprises a shell B (19), a plastic film cutting roller (4) and a plastic film cutting knife (5) are arranged in the shell B (19), the plastic film cutting knife (5) is hinged to the surface of the plastic film cutting roller (4), the plastic film cutting knife (5) can swing on the plastic film cutting roller (4) around a hinge point of the plastic film cutting knife, a plastic film residue channel (20) is arranged between the shell B (19) and a film collecting box (8), and after the plastic film is lifted by the film lifting mechanism (6), the plastic film cutting knife (5) which can be rotated is cut up and enters the plastic film collecting box (8) through the plastic film residue channel (20);
the straw crushing knife (2-1) is arranged in front of the film lifting mechanism (6), the discharge hole of the straw discharging channel (13) is arranged behind the film lifting mechanism (6),
the air outlet of the fan (12) is arranged in the straw discharging channel (13) and/or the residual film channel (20), the blowing air is directed to the discharging port and the film collecting box (8), and the film lifting mechanism (6) is in a comb tooth shape or a plate shape.
The straw crushing knife (2-1) is L-shaped or I-shaped.
When in actual use, the method comprises the following steps: straw reducing mechanism (2) smashes the straw, later discharges the straw to frame rear and returns the field through straw discharge channel (13), can blow off straw discharge channel (13) with the help of the wind-force of fan this moment after smashing, and the plastic film in the ground is shoveled by play membrane mechanism (6), piles up in play membrane mechanism (6) top, and at this moment, rotatory plastic film crushing sword (5) can roll up the plastic film of piling up in play membrane mechanism (6) top and break into the fritter, under the negative pressure effect, gets into collection membrane case (8) through incomplete membrane passageway (20).
The plastic film is not wound, the plastic film is directly blown into the film collecting box (8) after being smashed by the plastic film smashing knife (5), and the recycled plastic film is clean and is beneficial to reutilization.
The straw discharging channel (13) is L-shaped, namely, consists of an upward channel and a downward channel, the surface of the downward channel is provided with an exhaust hole (15), and the air outlet of the fan is arranged at the upward channel of the straw discharging channel (13).
The frame (11) is also provided with a hanging frame (10) and a depth limiting roller (3).
When in actual use, the method comprises the following steps: can make things convenient for straw after smashing to return smoothly to walking route rear, because exhaust hole (15) set up at decurrent passageway surface, consequently, straw after smashing can be along straw discharge channel (13) motion, and wind-force can blow out from exhaust hole (15), can prevent effectively that the discharge gate from having the wind to blow out, directly blow to ground to raise the straw after smashing promptly with the soil on ground, influence straw returning effect after smashing, can furthest reduce the raise dust, improve operational environment.
A membrane-holding tooth (7) is arranged between the membrane-lifting mechanism (6) and the discharge hole of the straw discharge channel (13).
The film-holding teeth (7) are comb teeth, and when the film-lifting mechanism (6) is comb teeth, the comb teeth gaps of the film-holding teeth (7) are smaller than those of the film-lifting mechanism (6).
When in actual use, the method comprises the following steps: after the plastic film is picked up by the film lifting mechanism (6) and broken by the plastic film breaking knife (5), a few small plastic films possibly fall into the ground, at the moment, the plastic films are lifted up through the film holding teeth (7), and the machine tool is lifted to unload the plastic films when the ground turns. .
The membrane collecting box (8) is a net-shaped box body, one end of a membrane collecting box bottom plate (9) of the membrane collecting box is hinged with the box body of the membrane collecting box (8), the other end of the membrane collecting box bottom plate is a free end, and the membrane collecting box bottom plate (9) can rotate around a hinge point.
When in actual use, the method comprises the following steps: after the film collecting box (8) is fully used for collecting the mulch film, the mulch film can be unloaded only by separating the movable end of the bottom plate (9) of the film collecting box from the box body, and the operation is convenient.
The upper surface of incomplete membrane passageway (20) is equipped with baffle (14), the one end of baffle (14) is articulated with the upper surface of incomplete membrane passageway (20), and the other end is the free end.
When in actual use, the method comprises the following steps: when the broken mulch passes through the residual film channel (20), the heavy objects touch the baffle (14) and can be discharged from the impurity discharging channel below, the residual film is very light and can continuously enter the film collecting box (8) under the negative pressure of the rotation of the mulch breaking knife (5), and heavier objects are prevented from entering the film collecting box (8).
The straw smashing device is characterized in that a film edge soil smashing wheel (1) is arranged in front of the straw smashing device (2), the film edge soil smashing wheel (1) can smash soil blocks covered on the film edge of a mulching film, and a film lifting mechanism (6) can conveniently lift the mulching film.
The structure of the membrane edge soil breaking wheel (1) is as follows: comprises a rotating shaft, two ends of the rotating shaft are provided with round earth breaking wheels, the wheel surface is provided with earth breaking cutters, and the earth breaking cutters are arranged on the surface of the earth breaking wheels and extend outwards along the radial direction.
The soil breaking knife is wedge-shaped, the smaller end faces the direction of the mulching film, the larger end faces the outer side, and the outer side refers to the position of the soil beside the mulching film where the mulching film is not paved.
The plastic film limit hack wheel (1) is last to be equipped with the profile modeling spring, and the one end and the plastic film limit hack wheel (1) of profile modeling spring are connected, and the other end is connected with frame (11), and when the topography was uneven, plastic film limit hack wheel (1) can float from top to bottom under the effect of profile modeling spring to profile modeling spring also can compress tightly plastic film limit hack wheel (1) to the plastic film direction, better hack.
When in actual use, the method comprises the following steps: firstly, the covering soil at the edge of the mulching film is crushed, so that the mulching film lifting efficiency of the mulching film lifting mechanism (6) can be effectively improved, and the mulching film recovery rate is improved.
When the invention works, the straw crushing and returning to the field and the mulching film recycling can be realized at one time, and the process is to uniformly return the crushed straw to the walking route, so that the 'gathering strip' is avoided, the returning to the field is avoided, and meanwhile, the working efficiency is improved.
Meanwhile, the straw is crushed and then thrown and conveyed by adopting the fan for the second time, the structure is simple, and compared with the prior art that the Y-shaped crushing blade is changed into the L-shaped blade, the mulching film can be prevented from being sucked up, smashed and mixed into the straw by the excessive wind power. The energy consumption is reduced, and the dust is small. The plastic film residue is sucked up and broken through the breaking roller, or the film lifting teeth gather and break up and lift up, the plastic film residue enters and exits the film collecting box, the whole process is free from winding, plastic film residue cleaning is carried out at the same time, and plastic film residue counted into the film collecting box is clean.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize the combined operation of straw crushing and returning and mulching film recycling, the crushed straw can be uniformly returned to the field and uniformly scattered on the ground, the mulching film recycling can improve the efficiency, and the large mulching film is crushed into small pieces for storage after being collected.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a mulching film breaking roller structure.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the straw pulverizing apparatus.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the film edge soil breaking wheel.
The figure shows: the device comprises a film edge soil breaking wheel 1-1, a soil breaking wheel 1-2, a rotating shaft 1-3, a soil breaking knife 2, a straw crushing device 2-1, a straw crushing knife 3, a depth limiting roller 4, a mulching film crushing roller 5, a mulching film crushing knife 6, a film lifting mechanism 7, a film holding tooth 8, a film collecting box 9, a film collecting box bottom plate 10, a hanging frame 11, a frame 12, a fan 13, a straw discharging channel 14, a baffle plate 15, an exhaust hole 16, a hinge shaft 17, a fixed knife 18, a shell A19, a shell B and a film residue channel 20.
Detailed Description
Embodiment 1, referring to fig. 1 to 4, is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention: including frame (11), its characterized in that: be equipped with straw reducing mechanism (2), fan (12), incomplete membrane pickup mechanism and collection membrane case (8) on frame (11), straw reducing mechanism (2) contain: the straw crushing device comprises a shell A (18) and a straw discharging channel (13), wherein a rotatable straw crushing cutter (2-1) is arranged in the shell A (18), a fixed cutter (17) is arranged on the inner wall of the shell A (18), the straw discharging channel (13) is provided with a feed inlet and a discharge outlet, the feed inlet is communicated with the shell A (18), and the straw can be discharged from the discharge outlet of the straw discharging channel (13) after being crushed by the straw crushing cutter (2-1) and the fixed cutter (17);
the residual film pickup mechanism comprises: the device comprises a film lifting mechanism (6) and a film shredding mechanism, wherein the film shredding mechanism is arranged above the film lifting mechanism (6), the film shredding mechanism comprises a shell B (19), a film crushing roller (4) and a film crushing cutter (5) are arranged in the shell B (19), the film crushing cutter (5) is hinged to the surface of the film crushing roller (4), the film crushing cutter (5) can swing on the film crushing roller (4) around a hinge point of the film crushing cutter, a residual film channel (20) is arranged between the shell B (19) and a film collecting box (8), and after the film lifting mechanism (6) scoops up a film, the film is crushed by the rotating film crushing cutter (5) and enters the film collecting box (8) through the residual film channel (20);
the straw crushing knife (2-1) is arranged in front of the film lifting mechanism (6), the discharge hole of the straw discharging channel (13) is arranged behind the film lifting mechanism (6),
the air outlet of the fan (12) is arranged in the straw discharging channel (13) and/or the residual film channel (20), the blowing air is directed to the discharging port and the film collecting box (8), and the film lifting mechanism (6) is in a comb tooth shape or a plate shape.
When in actual use, the method comprises the following steps: straw reducing mechanism (2) smashes the straw, later discharges the straw to frame rear and returns the field through straw discharge channel (13), can blow off straw discharge channel (13) with the help of the wind-force of fan this moment after smashing, and the plastic film in the ground is shoveled by play membrane mechanism (6), piles up in play membrane mechanism (6) top, and at this moment, rotatory plastic film crushing sword (5) can roll up the plastic film of piling up in play membrane mechanism (6) top and break into the fritter, under the negative pressure effect, gets into collection membrane case (8) through incomplete membrane passageway (20).
The plastic film is not wound, the plastic film is directly blown into the film collecting box (8) after being smashed by the plastic film smashing knife (5), and the recycled plastic film is clean and is beneficial to reutilization.
Example 2: the difference from example 1 is that: the straw discharging channel (13) is L-shaped, namely, consists of an upward channel and a downward channel, and the surface of the downward channel is provided with an exhaust hole (15).
The frame (11) is also provided with a hanging frame (10) and a depth limiting roller (3).
When in actual use, the method comprises the following steps: can make things convenient for straw after smashing to return smoothly to walking route rear, because exhaust hole (15) set up at decurrent passageway surface, consequently, straw after smashing can be along straw discharge channel (13) motion, and wind-force can blow out from exhaust hole (15), prevent that the discharge gate from blowing out with the wind, influence straw returning effect after smashing to the field to reduce the raise dust, improve operational environment.
Example 3: the difference from example 1 is that: a membrane-holding tooth (7) is arranged between the membrane-lifting mechanism (6) and the discharge hole of the straw discharge channel (13).
The film-holding teeth (7) are comb teeth, and when the film-lifting mechanism (6) is comb teeth, the comb teeth gaps of the film-holding teeth (7) are smaller than those of the film-lifting mechanism (6).
When in actual use, the method comprises the following steps: after the plastic film is picked up by the film lifting mechanism (6) and broken by the plastic film breaking knife (5), a few small plastic films possibly fall into the ground, at the moment, the plastic films are lifted up through the film holding teeth (7), and the machine tool is lifted to unload the plastic films when the ground turns.
Example 4: the difference from example 1 is that: the membrane collecting box (8) is a net-shaped box body, one end of a membrane collecting box bottom plate (9) of the membrane collecting box is hinged with the box body of the membrane collecting box (8), the other end of the membrane collecting box bottom plate is a free end, and the membrane collecting box bottom plate (9) can rotate around a hinge point.
When in actual use, the method comprises the following steps: after the film collecting box (8) is fully used for collecting the mulch film, the mulch film can be unloaded only by separating the movable end of the bottom plate (9) of the film collecting box from the box body, and the operation is convenient.
Example 5: the difference from example 1 is that: the upper surface of incomplete membrane passageway (20) is equipped with baffle (14), the one end of baffle (14) is articulated with the upper surface of incomplete membrane passageway (20), and the other end is the free end.
When in actual use, the method comprises the following steps: when the broken mulch passes through the residual film channel (20), the heavy objects touch the baffle (14) and can be discharged from the impurity discharging channel below, the residual film is very light and can continuously enter the film collecting box (8) under the negative pressure of the rotation of the mulch breaking knife (5), and heavier objects are prevented from entering the film collecting box (8).
Example 6: the difference from example 1 is that: the straw smashing device is characterized in that a film edge soil smashing wheel (1) is arranged in front of the straw smashing device (2), the film edge soil smashing wheel (1) can smash soil blocks covered on the film edge of a mulching film, and a film lifting mechanism (6) can conveniently lift the mulching film.
The structure of the membrane edge soil breaking wheel (1) is as follows: comprises a rotating shaft, two ends of the rotating shaft are provided with round earth breaking wheels, the wheel surface is provided with earth breaking cutters, and the earth breaking cutters are arranged on the surface of the earth breaking wheels and extend outwards along the radial direction.
The soil breaking knife is wedge-shaped, the smaller end faces the direction of the mulching film, the larger end faces the outer side, and the outer side refers to the position of the soil beside the mulching film where the mulching film is not paved.
The plastic film limit hack wheel (1) is last to be equipped with the profile modeling spring, and the one end and the plastic film limit hack wheel (1) of profile modeling spring are connected, and the other end is connected with frame (11), and when the topography was uneven, plastic film limit hack wheel (1) can float from top to bottom under the effect of profile modeling spring to profile modeling spring also can compress tightly plastic film limit hack wheel (1) to the plastic film direction, better hack.
When in actual use, the method comprises the following steps: firstly, the covering soil at the edge of the mulching film is crushed, so that the mulching film lifting efficiency of the mulching film lifting mechanism (6) can be effectively improved, and the mulching film recovery rate is improved.

Claims (5)

1. The utility model provides a plastic film recovery combine is smashed to two horizontal axis formula straw, includes frame (11), its characterized in that: the straw smashing device comprises a frame (11), wherein a straw smashing device (2), a fan (12), a residual film pickup mechanism and a film collecting box (8) are arranged on the frame (11), the fan (12) is arranged between the straw smashing device (2) and the residual film pickup mechanism, the straw smashing device (2) comprises a shell A (18) and a straw discharging channel (13), a rotatable straw smashing cutter (2-1) is arranged in the shell A (18), a fixed cutter (17) is arranged on the inner wall of the shell A (18), a feed inlet and a discharge outlet are arranged on the straw discharging channel (13), and the feed inlet is communicated with the shell A (18); the plastic film residue picking mechanism comprises a film lifting mechanism (6) and a plastic film residue shredding mechanism, the straw crushing device (2) is arranged in front of the film lifting mechanism (6), the film lifting mechanism (6) is in a comb tooth shape or a plate shape, the plastic film residue shredding mechanism is arranged above the film lifting mechanism (6), the plastic film residue shredding mechanism comprises a shell B (19), a plastic film residue crushing roller (4) and a plastic film residue crushing cutter (5) are arranged in the shell B (19), the plastic film residue crushing cutter (5) is hinged to the surface of the plastic film residue crushing roller (4), the plastic film residue crushing cutter (5) can swing on the plastic film residue crushing roller (4) around a hinge point of the plastic film residue crushing cutter (5), a plastic film residue channel (20) is arranged between the shell B (19) and a plastic film collecting box (8), the plastic film residue channel (20) is arranged below a straw discharging channel (13) and the plastic film residue channel (20), and the air outlet of the fan (12) is arranged in the plastic film residue discharging channel (13) and the plastic film residue channel (20), and the plastic film residue crushing cutter (5) is hinged to the plastic film residue discharging box (8), and the plastic film residue crushing cutter (8) is arranged behind the plastic film residue discharging box. The upper surface of the residual film channel (20) is provided with a baffle plate (14), one end of the baffle plate (14) is hinged with the upper surface of the residual film channel (20), the other end of the baffle plate is a free end, and the baffle plate (14) can swing by taking the hinge point as an axis; the straw crushing device is characterized in that a film edge soil crushing wheel (1) is arranged in front of the straw crushing device (2), the film edge soil crushing wheel (1) can crush soil blocks covered on the film edge of a mulching film, the film edge soil crushing wheel (1) comprises a rotating shaft (1-2) and soil breaking wheels (1-1), the soil breaking wheels (1-1) are arranged at two ends of the rotating shaft, the surface of each soil breaking wheel is provided with a soil breaking knife (1-3) which extends outwards along the radial direction of the soil breaking wheel and is wedge-shaped, the smaller end of each soil breaking knife faces the direction of the mulching film, and the larger end of each soil breaking knife faces the outer side; straw is smashed by straw crushing sword (2-1) and stationary knife (17) and can follow the discharge gate discharge channel (13) discharge after smashing, and the plastic film is by behind the play membrane mechanism (6) shovel, can be rolled up and broken into the fritter by rotatory plastic film crushing sword (5), gets into collection membrane case (8) through incomplete membrane passageway (20) under the negative pressure effect.
2. The double horizontal shaft type straw smashing and mulching film recycling combined machine according to claim 1, wherein: the straw discharging channel (13) is L-shaped, namely, consists of an upward channel and a downward channel, and the surface of the downward channel is provided with an exhaust hole (15).
3. The double horizontal shaft type straw smashing and mulching film recycling combined machine according to claim 1, wherein: a membrane-holding tooth (7) is arranged between the membrane-lifting mechanism (6) and the discharge hole of the straw discharge channel (13).
4. The double horizontal shaft type straw-crushing mulching film recycling combined machine according to claim 3, wherein: the film-holding teeth (7) are comb teeth, and when the film-lifting mechanism (6) is comb teeth, the comb teeth gaps of the film-holding teeth (7) are smaller than those of the film-lifting mechanism (6).
5. The double horizontal shaft type straw-crushing mulching film recycling combined machine according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein: the membrane collecting box (8) is a net-shaped box body, one end of a membrane collecting box bottom plate (9) of the membrane collecting box is hinged with the box body of the membrane collecting box (8), the other end of the membrane collecting box bottom plate is a free end, and the membrane collecting box bottom plate (9) can rotate around a hinge point.
CN201711170743.3A 2017-11-22 2017-11-22 Double horizontal shaft type straw crushing and mulching film recycling combined machine Active CN107750663B (en)

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CN109819762B (en) * 2019-04-10 2020-10-23 福建永顺机械有限公司 Residual film recycling machine
CN111937597B (en) * 2020-07-23 2022-04-29 陈孝中 Combined straw collector
CN111903339B (en) * 2020-07-24 2022-03-18 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 Improved structure of straw crushing covering returning machine
CN115534172B (en) * 2022-11-16 2023-03-10 山东省农业机械科学研究院 Cleaning device and cleaning method for recycling residual films

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