CN107750683B

CN107750683B - Cotton stalk gathering machine

Info

Publication number: CN107750683B
Application number: CN201711142730.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 高清海; 李敬平; 王进朝; 王建合; 韩美坤; 宋兴龙; 高源�; 王雪丽; 常国志; 郑龙; 魏英彪
Original assignee: Hebei Province Agricultural Technology Promotion Service Station; Shijiazhuang Zhongzhou Machinery Manufacturing Co ltd; Hebei Agricultural Mechanization Research Institute Co ltd
Current assignee: Hebei Province Agricultural Technology Promotion Service Station; Shijiazhuang Zhongzhou Machinery Manufacturing Co ltd; Hebei Agricultural Mechanization Research Institute Co ltd
Priority date: 2017-11-17
Filing date: 2017-11-17
Publication date: 2023-03-14
Anticipated expiration: 2037-11-17
Also published as: CN107750683A

Abstract

The invention relates to a cotton straw gathering machine, which comprises a tractor and a support frame arranged at the rear end of the tractor by means of a suspension bracket, wherein a crushing unit and a depth limiting unit are arranged on the support frame, the crushing unit comprises a cutter shaft with a crushing cutter and an arc-shaped shell covering the upper part of the crushing cutter, a group of fixed cutters which are mutually staggered with the crushing cutter are arranged on the inner surface of the crushing unit, the outer contours of the fixed cutters are arc-shaped, the cutter shaft is in the rotating direction of backward movement of the upper end, a discharging unit and a film collecting unit are sequentially arranged at the rear part of the crushing unit on the support frame, the discharging unit comprises a transversely arranged discharging groove and an auger inside the discharging groove, the upper end opening of the discharging groove is connected with the output end of a throwing unit, a discharging port is arranged at the tail end of the discharging groove in the output direction of the auger, and the film collecting unit is a transversely arranged group of arc-shaped hooks.

Description

Cotton stalk gathering machine

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a cotton straw gathering machine.

Background

The cotton often can set up the plastic film planting often, the effect of plastic film is mainly to preserve soil moisture and protect soil, keep moisture for cotton growth, avoid the erosion of wind to soil, but need handle and collect the cotton stalk after the cotton harvesting, but can mix the plastic film when smashing the straw, it is inconvenient to cause the use of follow-up straw crushing material, still need carry out the separation of straw and plastic film, and the manual work is at present mainly to carry out the separation of plastic film and straw, not only the amount of labour is big, and the plastic film is clear the effect relatively poor, still have great influence to the follow-up use of straw, therefore, the equipment that needs to collect the cotton stalk improves.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, and provides a cotton straw gathering machine which can crush and collect straws, can collect and recover mulching films in cotton fields, can collect the straws and the mulching films in a classified manner, and is favorable for subsequent sowing and normal use of crushed straws.

The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

the utility model provides a cotton straw gathers together machine, includes the tractor and sets up the support frame in the tractor rear end with the help of the mounted frame, is provided with crushing unit and limit dark unit on the support frame, and the key point is, crushing unit include the arbor that has crushing sword and cover the arc casing on crushing sword upper portion, arc casing inner surface be provided with the mutual staggered a set of stationary knife of crushing sword, the stationary knife outline is arc, the arbor is the direction of rotation of upper end rearward movement, the support frame has set gradually row material unit and receives the membrane unit at crushing unit rear portion, arrange the material unit and include horizontal row material groove that sets up and inside auger, arrange the material groove upper end opening and link up with the output of throwing the unit, arrange the material groove and be provided with the blanking mouth at the end of auger output direction, receive the membrane unit and include horizontal a set of arc hook that sets up, the circular arc radian of arc hook is 2 pi 3-4 pi 3 and the end is sharp thorn form, the interval of arc hook is 5-15cm.

The arc hook is provided with a bending part with the diameter of 5-10cm at the position close to the fixed end.

The arc radian of the arc-shaped hooks is pi, and the distance between the arc-shaped hooks is 10cm.

The film hooking unit is arranged between the discharging unit and the film collecting unit and comprises a group of transversely arranged film opening hooks, each film opening hook comprises a vertical section, an arc section and an inclined section which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, the included angle between the inclined section and the horizontal plane is 20-50 degrees, and the tail end of the inclined section is in a shovel shape.

The depth limiting unit is a compression roller which is transversely arranged.

In the crushing unit, the crushing cutter comprises a cutter bar and a cutter head, and the cutter head is of a Y-shaped structure; the crushing cutter is characterized in that a group of horizontal rotary-cut devices are arranged below the crushing cutter, each horizontal rotary-cut device comprises a vertical rotating shaft, cutting cutters and a knocking rod, the cutting cutters are arranged on the rotating shaft at intervals, one side of each cutting cutter in the rotating direction is a cutting edge, and the knocking rods are arc-shaped rods, wherein the protruding parts of the arc-shaped rods face the rotating side.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the gathering machine crushes straws through the crushing cutter in the crushing unit, the crushed straws are thrown into the discharge groove by means of the arc-shaped shell, the crushed straws are discharged from the discharge groove along the discharge port through the auger, the straws are gathered and collected on one side of the advancing path of the gathering machine, an operation space is provided for the subsequent collection of mulching films, the mulching films are hooked out of soil and damaged to form a fold shape by the film opening hook at the rear part of the discharge unit, the broken and folded mulching films are hooked up and collected by the arc-shaped hook at the rear end of the film opening hook, and the classified gathering collection of the straws and the mulching films is finally realized;

in addition, in order to enable the arc-shaped hooks to collect mulching films to the maximum extent, the curved portions are arranged on the arc-shaped hooks, the elasticity of the arc-shaped hooks is increased, the state of the flexible hook film is formed during work, the hard contact type hook film is in contact with the mulching films for a short time in the advancing process, and a large part of mulching films are pulled off and broken without being completely pulled out of soil.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a top view of fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a curved hook.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the film opening hook.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the horizontal rotary cutting apparatus.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the crushing blade.

In the attached drawing, 1, a support frame, 2, a cutter shaft, 201, a crushing cutter, 202, an arc shell, 203, a fixed cutter, 3, a discharge groove, 301, an auger, 302, a blanking port, 4, an arc hook, 401, a bending part, 5, a film opening hook, 501, a vertical section, 502, an arc section, 503, an inclined section, 6, a press roller, 7, a rotating shaft, 701, a cutting cutter, 702 and a knocking rod.

Detailed Description

The invention relates to a cotton straw gathering machine, which comprises a tractor and a support frame 1 arranged at the rear end of the tractor by means of a suspension bracket, wherein a crushing unit and a depth limiting unit are arranged on the support frame 1, the crushing unit comprises a cutter shaft 2 with a crushing cutter 201 and an arc-shaped shell 202 covering the upper part of the crushing cutter 201, a group of fixed cutters 203 staggered with the crushing cutter 201 are arranged on the inner surface of the arc-shaped shell 202, the outer contours of the fixed cutters 203 are circular arc-shaped, the cutter shaft 2 is the rotating direction of the upper end moving backwards, a discharging unit and a film collecting unit are sequentially arranged at the rear part of the crushing unit of the support frame 1, the discharging unit comprises a transversely arranged discharging groove 3 and an auger 301 inside the discharging groove 3, the upper end opening of the discharging groove 3 is connected with the output end of a throwing unit, a discharging port 302 is arranged at the tail end of the discharging groove 3 in the output direction of the auger 301, the film collecting unit comprises a group of transversely arranged arc-shaped hooks 4, the arc-shaped hooks 4 are 2 pi/3-4 pi/3 and the tail ends are sharp thorn-shaped, and the distance between the arc-shaped hooks 4 is 5-15cm.

In the specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to 6, the gathering machine is driven by a tractor to move into the cotton straw field and work along the cotton planting rows, and in the crushing unit, the crushing knife 201 comprises a knife bar and a knife head, and the knife head is in a Y-shaped structure; a group of horizontal rotary cutting and rotary cutting devices are arranged below the crushing cutter 201, each horizontal rotary cutting device comprises a vertical rotating shaft 7, and cutting cutters 701 and knocking rods 702 which are arranged on the rotating shaft 7 at intervals, wherein the cutting cutters 701 are cutting edges on one side facing the rotating direction, and the knocking rods 702 are arc-shaped rods with bulges facing the rotating side; the cotton straw cutting, lifting and crushing are carried out by combining a horizontal rotary cutting device and a crushing cutter 201, the horizontal rotary cutting device is driven by a motor or is connected with a power output end of a tractor through a transmission mechanism, a cutting knife 701 and a knocking rod 702 in the horizontal rotary cutting device cut and knock cotton straw in turn under the rotary drive, the knocking can weaken the rigidity of the straw, and the cutting knife 701 is protected from being excessively damaged, compared with a horizontal cutting mode, the improved structure can accelerate the breakage of the straw and ensure the service life of the cutting knife 701, meanwhile, when the crushing cutter rotates upwards to crush the straw, the straw is pulled upwards, the rigidity of the straw needs to be relieved by the knocking rod 702, after the straw is cut and broken, the cotton straw is sent into an arc-shaped shell 202 by the crushing cutter 201, a set of fixed cutters 203 which are mutually staggered with the crushing cutter 201 is arranged on the inner surface of the arc-shaped shell 202, the fixed cutters 203 are arc-shaped, the outer edges are arc-shaped, in the arc-shaped shell 202, the crushing cutters 203 form crushing in the shearing mode of the shearing with the fixed cutters 201, so as to cut and crush the straw, when the straw is clamped in the arc-shaped shell 202, the straw can drive a set cutter 203 to cut blade 2, the back of the arc-shaped cutter 201 to cut straw, the crushing cutter can be matched with the crushing channel, and the crushing channel, so as to dredge the crushing channel, and the back of the crushing cutter 203; the arc-shaped shell 202 provides a throwing channel for the crushed straws, the crushed straws are thrown backwards during output, an opening at the upper end of a discharge groove 3 in a discharge unit is positioned in the throwing direction, the crushed straws fall into the discharge groove 3, a packing auger 301 in the discharge groove 3 conveys all the crushed straws to a blanking port 302, the straws fall below the corresponding position of the blanking port 302, so far, the cotton straws are crushed, gathered and collected at one side of a gathering machine, and only cotton straw roots and mulching films which are half exposed out of soil are left in the ground after the crushing and discharge of the crushing unit and the discharge unit;

then, a film hooking unit between the discharging unit and the film collecting unit hooks up mulching films in soil, the film hooking unit comprises a group of transversely arranged film opening hooks 5, each film opening hook 5 comprises a vertical section 501, an arc section 502 and an inclined section 503 which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, the included angle between each inclined section 503 and the horizontal plane is 20-50 degrees, the tail end of each inclined section 503 is in a shovel shape, a field is laid in a strip and is adjacent to each other when being paved with the films, each mulching film is provided with two film opening hooks 5 in the width direction, the distance between the two film opening hooks 5 is 30-80cm, the tail end of each inclined section 503 in each film opening hook 5 is in a shovel shape, the mulching films are loosened along the advancing direction after being inserted into the soil and pulled out of the soil through the upper end face of each inclined section 503 in the advancing process, the mulching films are gradually damaged and distributed in the soil in a fold shape in the soil outside and shallow layer in the soil in the film pulling process, and the film hooking unit is set to provide better mulching film shape after being collected subsequently;

the depth limiting unit is a compression roller 6 transversely arranged between the film hooking unit and the film collecting unit, the compression roller 6 has the function of a depth limiting wheel, soil loosened by shoveling is compressed and moisture is preserved by the compression roller 6, excessive loss of soil moisture is avoided, after compression, mulching films are still distributed on the upper surface of the soil and in shallow soil, subsequent film collecting operation cannot be influenced, the compressed soil is flatter, a good environment is provided for the subsequent film collecting unit, and the phenomenon that part of arc-shaped hooks 4 cannot be contacted with the soil due to hollow topography is avoided;

the arc hook 4 in the film collecting unit hooks out and collects mulching films outside soil and in shallow soil, the arc radian of the arc hook 4 is pi, the distance between the arc hooks 4 is 10cm, the distance can be set to avoid overlarge soil resistance, and the phenomenon of leakage in the mulching film collecting process can be effectively prevented, the arc hook 4 is provided with a bending part 401 with the diameter of 5-10cm at the position close to a fixed end, the bending part 401 is formed by bending the arc hook 4 for one circle at the position, the elasticity of the arc hook 4 is increased by the bending part 401, so that the hook film action of the arc hook 4 in the advancing process forms a flexible hook film, the flexible hook film pulls the mulching films to be separated from the soil, the time is prolonged, the traction force is gradually and slowly increased, the situation that the mulching films are pulled to be broken and left in the soil due to hard contact type hook films is avoided, the collection rate of the mulching films is remarkably improved, and residual mulching film fragments in the soil are remarkably reduced.

The invention realizes the crushing, gathering and collecting of the straws and the hooking and collecting of the mulching film in sequence through the cotton straw gathering machine, the influence of the straws cannot be caused in the process of collecting the mulching film, the crushed straws can be directly transported to a place needing to be used after the gathering machine works, the use of the straws cannot be influenced by the mulching film, only residual straws and a small amount of mulching film fragments exist in the soil after the straws are cleaned, the mulching film is completely collected, and the subsequent use of the soil cannot be influenced by the mulching film.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a cotton stalk gathers together machine, includes the tractor and sets up support frame (1) at the tractor rear end with the help of the mounted frame, is provided with crushing unit and limit for depth unit on support frame (1), its characterized in that: the crushing unit comprises a cutter shaft (2) with a crushing cutter (201) and an arc-shaped shell (202) covering the upper part of the crushing cutter (201), a group of fixed cutters (203) staggered with the crushing cutter (201) are arranged on the inner surface of the arc-shaped shell (202), the outer contour of each fixed cutter (203) is arc-shaped, the cutter shaft (2) is in the rotating direction of backward movement of the upper end, a material discharging unit and a film collecting unit are sequentially arranged on the rear part of the crushing unit of the support frame (1), the material discharging unit comprises a transversely arranged material discharging groove (3) and an internal packing auger (301), an opening in the upper end of the material discharging groove (3) is connected with the output end of the throwing unit, a material dropping opening (302) is arranged at the tail end of the output direction of the packing auger (301) of the material discharging groove (3), the film collecting unit comprises a transversely arranged group of arc-shaped hooks (4), the arc-shaped arcs of the arc-shaped hooks (4) are 2 pi/3-4 pi/3 and the tail ends are in pointed shapes, and the intervals of the hooks (4) are 5-15cm;

in the crushing unit, a crushing knife (201) comprises a knife bar and a knife head, and the knife head is of a Y-shaped structure; a group of horizontal rotary cutting devices are arranged below the crushing cutter (201), each horizontal rotary cutting device comprises a vertical rotating shaft (7), cutting cutters (701) and a knocking rod (702), the cutting cutters (701) are arranged on the rotating shaft (7) at intervals, the cutting blades (701) are cutting edges on one side facing to the rotating direction, and the knocking rod (702) is an arc-shaped rod, wherein the protruding portion of the arc-shaped rod faces to the rotating side.

2. The cotton stalk gathering machine as recited in claim 1, wherein: the arc-shaped hook (4) is provided with a bending part (401) with the diameter of 5-10cm at the position close to the fixed end.

3. The cotton stalk gathering machine as recited in claim 1, wherein: the arc radian of the arc-shaped hooks (4) is pi, and the distance between the arc-shaped hooks (4) is 10cm.

4. The cotton stalk gathering machine as recited in claim 1, wherein: arrange the material unit and receive and be provided with between the membrane unit and hook the membrane unit, hook the membrane unit and include a set of horizontal setting open membrane hook (5), open membrane hook (5) including from top to bottom consecutive vertical section (501), circular arc section (502) and slope section (503), the contained angle of slope section (503) and horizontal plane is 20-50 degrees, slope section (503) end is the shovel form.

5. The cotton stalk gathering machine as recited in claim 1, wherein: the depth limiting unit is a compression roller (6) which is transversely arranged.