RU2357400C1 - Combined harvesting and tilling machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural mechanical engineering and can be used in harvesting and tilling machines. The combined harvesting and tilling machine comprises a vehicle with a trailing module and a device for supplying the thrashed grain to a trailing truck. The stripping unit is made as at least one rotating stripping cylinder with stripping racks mounted on it. The thrashing unit is made as two belt conveyors mounted behind the stripping unit mainly perpendicular to the vehicle motion direction. The device for supplying the thrashed grain to the trailing truck is set at the end of the belt conveyors. The second trailing module with a shredding unit and a packing-mulching device is mounted behind the vehicle.

EFFECT: combined machine provides for high quality of cereal crop harvesting with simultaneous tilling.

7 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to machines for harvesting and tillage with its subsequent mulching with the incorporation of crushed stems into the soil.

A known grain harvesting machine, see RF application No. 2005131140, including a aggregated power tool, a wheel frame located on the side, and a trailer, and a cleaning chamber with a cantilever bracket mounted on the wheel frame containing a drum with cleaning working bodies, a casing with a suction window are installed on the wheel frame , a receiver with an inclined chamber with a scraper conveyor and a fan with a deflector, while the inclined chamber and the deflector are connected to the trailer through a pneumatic pipe, while the suction window is located with in front, and below the drum there is a comb made of gutters with a beveled end installed obliquely and connected with a receiver, above which a fan with a deflector is mounted in the casing above the drum, the fan is diametrically shaped, and its blades look like a comb of semicircular plates, the casing is made above the drum wavy, the combing chamber has a hydroficated parallelogram lifting and lowering mechanism, the conveyor in the receiver is equipped on both sides with screw tips with oncoming turns, combing the workers RGANI formed as L-shaped radial blades mounted on a drum on which are movably mounted stripper plate with a comb and the teeth of the swept circular recesses therebetween.

The disadvantages of the known design include its complexity and low technological capabilities.

A more advanced combine harvester (prototype) is known, including a sequentially mounted stripping unit, a separator, a threshing unit, a cleaning unit for threshed products, a conveyor unit, an energy module and technical means for packing grain into containers and a roll press. See TRIZ-PROFI Library “Effective Solutions in Agriculture”, Moscow, Publisher: IP A. Kushnir, No. 2, 2007, p. 32, 33, Fig. 12, 13.

The disadvantages of the known device - the prototype include the insufficient efficiency of combing the ears, increased trauma to the grains during threshing, the complexity of the design, containing several complex and expensive units equipped with threshing devices that allow grain loss during harvesting, which have a large metal consumption and consume a large amount of fuel and lubricants, and are used These units are only 20-30 days a year. In addition, after harvesting, additional expensive agricultural aggregates are required for cultivating the soil, crushing crop residues, sowing the wings, i.e. additional equipment and multiple field walks are required.

The technical task of the present invention is to provide a combined unit for harvesting and tillage with low costs and high quality harvesting of crops with simultaneous tillage.

The stated technical problem is achieved by the fact that the unit is equipped with a trailed module, including a threshing unit, made in the form of two belt conveyors, on the edge of which there is a means for moving threshed grain along the tubular conveyor, and the belt conveyors are mounted behind the stripping block mainly perpendicular to the direction of movement of the vehicle, the combing unit is made at least in the form of one combing drum rotating at a given speed with a mount combing combs mounted on it, and a second trailed module mounted, for example, behind a vehicle, including a tool grinding the remaining stems and a rolling mulching device.

Means for moving threshed grain through a tubular conveyor is made in the form of a rotating impeller with a drive that creates an air flow, which carries the transported mass.

The cleaning drums rotate at a speed of 300 to 1000 rpm.

The first combing drum in the direction of the combined unit rotates at a speed of 0.3 to 1.0 times the rotation speed of the second combing drum.

The combing combs of the combing drums are made curved - in the form of arcs that facilitate the movement of ears from the edge of the comb to the middle.

The tool grinding the remaining stems on the field is hydraulically connected to the drive and is made in the form of a rotating pipe with floating, for example, T-shaped interchangeable knives mounted on it.

The rolling-mulching device is made in the form of a drum with mulching blades (needles) mounted on its outer surface.

The novelty of the proposed technical solution is that the unit is equipped with a trailed module, including a threshing unit, made in the form of two belt conveyors, on the edge of which there is a means for moving threshed grain along the tubular conveyor, and the belt conveyors are mounted behind the stripping block mainly perpendicular to the direction of movement of the vehicle , combing unit is made of at least one rotary combing drum rotating at a given speed with combing combs mounted on it, and a second trailing module mounted, for example, behind a vehicle, including a tool for grinding the remaining stems and a rolling mulching device.

These signs are new, non-obvious, industrially feasible and aimed at achieving the technical task set by the invention.

Signs of the implementation of the means for moving threshed grain along the tubular conveyor in the form of a rotating impeller with a drive that creates an air flow, which carries the transported mass, combing drums rotate at a speed of 300 to 1000 revolutions per minute, the first combing drum in the direction of travel of the combining unit rotates at a speed equal to 0.3 to 1.0 rotational speeds of the second stripping drum, the combing combs of the stripping drums are made curved - in the form of arcs that facilitate To move the ears from the edge of the comb to the middle, grinding the remaining stems on the field is hydraulically connected to the drive and made in the form of a rotating pipe mounted on it floating, for example, T-shaped interchangeable knives, rolling-mulching device made in the form of a drum with mounted on it the outer surface of the mulching blades (needles) - are additional signs, revealing the specific design of the main features.

These additional features, revealing the technical nature of the proposed technical solution, all together and individually contribute to the achievement of the technical task posed by the invention.

The technical nature of the proposed unit is illustrated by the attached graphic materials.

Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the proposed combined unit for harvesting and tillage - side view.

Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the proposed combined unit for harvesting and tillage - top view.

Figure 3 schematically shows a trailed module with a stripping unit and a threshing device.

Figure 4 schematically shows a threshing device - front view - with means for moving threshed grain through a tubular conveyor.

Figure 5 schematically shows the mechanism for supplying threshed grain to the transport pipeline.

The proposed combined unit for harvesting and tillage consists of a trailed module 1, combing, threshing the ears and feeding the threshed grain to the towing cart 2. The cleaning mechanism consists of two drums 3 and 4 with combs 5 and 6, with drum 3 so that do not damage the ears, front and partially from below covered by a casing 7. Behind the drum 4 there is a threshing device consisting of two belt conveyors 8 and 9 with projections 10. At the end of the conveyor 8 there is a mechanism 11 with feed blades 12 milk grain into the transport pipeline 13 and further into the carriage 2. Behind the vehicle 14, grinding means 15 remaining on the field after combing the stalks is mounted. A rolling-mulching device 16, which partially seals the crushed stems into the soil, is also mounted, for example, behind the vehicle 14 after the grinding means 15. The tray 17, mounted under the conveyor 8, provides the supply of threshed grains to the blades 12 of the mechanism 11.

The combined unit for harvesting and tillage works as follows.

When the vehicle 14 is moving with harvesting tools (combing and threshing blocks) through the field, the casing 7 of the combing drum 3 is in first contact with the stalks of ears 18.

In this case, the stems under the action of the casing 7 are tilted in the direction of movement of the unit, and after passing through the casing 7, the stalks of the ears 18 are straightened, captured by the combs 6 of the combing drum 3 and forcefully fed to the combs 5 of the drum 4 curved in the form of arcs, which comb the ears and feed the grain to conveyor 8 threshing block.

The combing drums can rotate at the same or different speeds, for example, the combing drum 3 rotates at a speed of 300 rpm, and the combing drum 4 is 800 rpm. In the presence of a takeoff and a choice in the speed of rotation of the drum 3, a state is achieved when the ears are subjected to maximum combing without pulling the stems out of the soil, including due to the inertia of the movement of ears on the combs 5 of the combing drum 4 created by the drum 3.

Under the influence of the protrusions 10 and the different speeds of the conveyors, threshing of ears is carried out, which were torn from the stems during combing. The grains that were combed and arrived at the conveyor 8 are moved with minimal mechanical impact on them, together with the conveyor 8, to the mechanism 11 with the blades 12, which ensures the supply of threshed grain to the transport pipeline 13 and then to the trailer carriage 2. Simultaneously after the operation stripping is carried out by grinding the stems remaining after stripping 19 by means 15, made in the form of a pipe rotating from a hydraulic drive with floating T-shaped knives fixed to it. The number of interchangeable floating knives means 15 set the required width of the left stems - the wings. The wings are left predominantly in the center of the treated strip. The crushed fragments of the stems, as well as the seeds of weeds, are embedded in the soil with the blades of a press-mulching device 16. Due to the adjustments provided in the design of the unit, it is possible to provide the degree of crumbling of the treated soil layer, leveling, rolling, grinding of large soil lumps, optimal for a particular field, mulching and combing weeds to the surface of the soil, as well as, if necessary, maintaining stubble on the surface. The unit steadily performs technological operations at high speeds (up to 15 km / h).

The surface of the field after the passage of the aggregate, which, at the same time as the harvest has done the minimum tillage, is obtained loosened and mulched with shredded stems, which significantly reduces moisture evaporation, stimulates the germination of weed seeds in autumn and spring, which then die after frost or are destroyed during sowing in the spring.

On the field also remain at a certain distance from each other even strips of high stubble wings for moisture accumulation, reducing wind and water erosion.

The proposed combined unit for harvesting and tillage allows you to simultaneously process the soil and harvest crops with low costs and high quality. At the same time, transport passes through the field are significantly reduced, since the threshed grain is unloaded at current.

Currently, the proposed unit has developed working drawings and made a prototype, tests of which have shown positive results. After conducting complex tests, a decision will be made on the organization of production of the proposed combined units for harvesting and tillage.

Claims (7)

1. The combined unit for harvesting and tillage, including a vehicle with harvesting tools - combing and threshing blocks, means for moving threshed grain through a tubular conveyor, characterized in that the unit is equipped with a trailed module comprising a threshing block, made in the form of two belt conveyors, on the edge of which there is installed a means for moving threshed grain along the tubular conveyor, and belt conveyors are mounted behind the stripping unit advantageously perpendicular to the direction of the vehicle’s movement, the stripping unit is made of at least one stripping drum rotating at a predetermined speed with stripping combs mounted on it and a second trailer module mounted, for example, behind a vehicle, including a tool grinding the remaining stems and rolling mulching device. 2. The combined unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for moving the threshed grain through the tubular conveyor is made in the form of a rotating impeller with a drive that creates an air flow, which carries the transported mass. 3. The combined unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the combing drums rotate at a speed of from 300 to 1000 revolutions per minute. 4. The combined unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the first in the direction of the combined unit combing drum rotates at a speed equal to from 0.3 to 1.0 rotational speeds of the second combing drum. 5. The combined unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the combing combs of the combing drums are made curved in the form of arcs, facilitating the movement of ears from the edge of the comb to the middle. 6. The combined unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the means grinding the remaining stems on the field are hydraulically connected to the drive and made in the form of a rotating pipe with floating, for example, T-shaped interchangeable knives mounted on it. 7. The combined unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the rolling mulching device is made in the form of a drum with mulching blades-needles mounted on its outer surface.

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