CN1077416A - 防弹透明板及其制造方法和压床 - Google Patents

防弹透明板及其制造方法和压床 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1077416A
CN1077416A CN93102892A CN93102892A CN1077416A CN 1077416 A CN1077416 A CN 1077416A CN 93102892 A CN93102892 A CN 93102892A CN 93102892 A CN93102892 A CN 93102892A CN 1077416 A CN1077416 A CN 1077416A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
plate
thin plate
press
glass
millimeters
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN93102892A
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English (en)
Inventor
约瑟夫·拉伯克
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ArmorVision Plastic and Glass
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ArmorVision Plastic and Glass
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US07/843,337 external-priority patent/US5229204A/en
Priority claimed from IL102466A external-priority patent/IL102466A/xx
Application filed by ArmorVision Plastic and Glass filed Critical ArmorVision Plastic and Glass
Publication of CN1077416A publication Critical patent/CN1077416A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/52—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive
    • B29C65/54—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive between pre-assembled parts
    • B29C65/542—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive between pre-assembled parts by injection
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/301—Three-dimensional joints, i.e. the joined area being substantially non-flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/342—Preventing air-inclusions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/45—Joining of substantially the whole surface of the articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/712—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined the composition of one of the parts to be joined being different from the composition of the other part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7315—Mechanical properties
    • B29C66/73151—Hardness
    • B29C66/73152—Hardness of different hardness, i.e. the hardness of one of the parts to be joined being different from the hardness of the other part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/733—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence
    • B29C66/7336—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence at least one of the parts to be joined being opaque, transparent or translucent to visible light
    • B29C66/73365—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence at least one of the parts to be joined being opaque, transparent or translucent to visible light at least one of the parts to be joined being transparent or translucent to visible light
    • B29C66/73366—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence at least one of the parts to be joined being opaque, transparent or translucent to visible light at least one of the parts to be joined being transparent or translucent to visible light both parts to be joined being transparent or translucent to visible light
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/735—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7352—Thickness, e.g. very thin
    • B29C66/73521—Thickness, e.g. very thin of different thickness, i.e. the thickness of one of the parts to be joined being different from the thickness of the other part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81457—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps comprising a block or layer of deformable material, e.g. sponge, foam, rubber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81463—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps comprising a plurality of single pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of sonotrodes, or comprising a plurality of single counter-pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of anvils, said plurality of said single elements being suitable for making a single joint
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
    • B29C66/824—Actuating mechanisms
    • B29C66/8242—Pneumatic or hydraulic drives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
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Abstract

一种透明板，具有单向防弹特点，包括一丙烯酸 树脂的外层透明板、一聚碳酸酯树脂的内层透明板以 及将两块薄板粘在一起的透明粘结剂。还描述了制 造这种板的一种方法和压床。

Description

本申请是本人于1992年2月28日递交的待批专利No.843，337的部分继续申请。
本发明涉及防弹透明板，也涉及制造这种板的方法和压床。
已知有许多类型的防弹透明板。比如在美国专利No.4，594，290中描述的一种类型包括由透明聚氨酯粘接剂粘合在一起的丙烯酸树脂和聚碳酸酯树脂的透明薄板。本申请的发明特别是针对后面这种类型的防弹透明板。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种特别是美国专利4，594，290中所述的这种类型的透明板，具有单向防弹特点;即，从板外侧射击时，板可挡住子弹而不让其穿过，但从板内侧射击时则阻挡不住。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种制造透明板的方法，还有一个目的是提供一种特别适用于制造这种透明板的压床。
根据本发明，提供了一种透明板，当从板外侧射击时能有效地挡住子弹而不使之穿透，当从板内侧射击时则挡不住，此透明板包括：一厚度为7.5-9毫米的丙烯酸树脂外层透明薄板和一厚度为9.5-11毫米的聚碳酸树脂内层透明薄板，两层薄板由聚氨酯透明粘结剂粘合在一起。
已经惊奇地发现，正如下面将要更具体说明的的那样，当丙烯酸和聚碳酸酯薄板具有上述厚度时，层压板具有单向防弹特点。这种板结构因此可以防止从外面攻击位于封闭空间的人员，比如汽车、受保护的发言人小室之类;但同时板允许内侧的人对着外侧攻击者开火。
当外层丙烯酸树脂板厚度约8毫米，内层聚碳酸酯树脂板厚度约10毫米，透明聚氨酯粘结剂厚度约2毫米时，可获得最佳效果。我们发现这种板对于从Uzi9毫米全金属壳（FMG）射击的子弹来说具有上述单向防弹特点，这将在下面更详细地叙述。
为了提供对更有力的M-14、M-16和AK-47子弹具有这种单向防弹特点的板，板可以包括多个相互粘结或粘结至外层丙烯酸薄板的玻璃薄板。更可取地，多个玻璃薄板包括厚度为9-14毫米的外层玻璃薄板、厚度为9-14毫米的中层玻璃薄板和粘结至丙烯酸薄板外表面的厚度为3-6毫米的内层玻璃薄板。
下面将更具体地介绍，一透明板包括上述聚碳酸酯树脂薄板和丙烯酸树脂薄板，它们都有厚为10毫米的外层玻璃薄板，还包括一厚度为10毫米的内层玻璃薄板以及粘结至丙烯酸薄板外表面的厚度为4毫米的内层玻璃薄板，对M-16和AK-47子弹具有上述单向防弹特点;而包括10毫米厚的外层玻璃薄板、10毫米厚的中层玻璃薄板和4毫米厚的内层玻璃薄板的如上所述的板对于更强有利的M-14子弹具有上述单向防弹特点。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种制造透明板的方法，该方法包括形成一丙烯酸树脂薄板和一尺寸形状相同的聚碳酸酯树脂薄板;围绕一块薄板的周缘贴合上密封条;将另一薄板置于该薄板上而使两块薄板由密封条相互隔开;通过在其中一块薄板对角相对的边缘附近钻两个孔;将压力施加在两块板的两相反面上以将它们紧压在密封条上;在压力下，将粘结剂液体注入那块薄板的一个穿孔中，直到从另一孔中流出为止，让粘结剂固化而将两块薄板粘在一起。
根据本发明的再一方面，提供了一种层压多块薄板的压床，它包括：一固定支架组件，一可相对于固定支架移动的移动支架组件;每个支架组件包括多个横穿各支架延伸的平行压力杆;压床还包括用于使压力杆靠着板的两相反表面精确定位的多个可调装置。
本发明的另外特征和优点从下面描述中将变得很清楚。
本发明在这里参照附图以举例的方式进行描述：
图1显示了根据本发明制成的扁平透明板;
图2显示了根据本发明制成的弯曲透明板;
图3显示了在制造图2所示弯曲板时对每块树脂板进行预弯曲的方法;
图4显示了将两块树脂板层压在一起以生产图2所示的弯曲板的方法;
图5显示了用于制造图2所示平板或图2所示弯曲板的压床;
图6为图5压床的放大分解图;
图7显示了用于制造本发明层压板的另一种压床;
图8显示了对M-16和AK-47具有单向防弹特点的平透明板;以及
图9显示了对更强有力的M-14子弹具有上述单向防弹特点的平透明板。
图1所示的防弹透明板由一丙烯酸树脂的外层透明薄板2、聚碳酸酯树脂内层薄板3和位于两薄板之间的透明聚氨酯粘结剂4组成，粘结剂将两块板粘结在一起以形成整体板。
丙烯酸树脂薄板2有很高的硬度，但有些脆。另一方面，聚碳酸酯树脂薄板3没有丙烯酸薄板硬，但也没有它那么脆。利用这两种薄板结合成板，外层丙烯酸树脂薄板2传送给接受冲击（如子弹、石块之类）的板的外表面一个高的硬度，从而减弱这种冲击力;而在板内侧面上的聚碳酸酯薄板3吸收了已减弱的冲击力并支撑着丙烯酸树脂板2使之不破碎。两种薄板的结合就这样提供了防止因子弹、石头、石块之类造成穿透或破碎的高抵抗力。
已惊奇地发现，如果两块薄板2和3制成预定厚度，则图1所示的板具有单向防弹特点。因此，使外层丙烯酸树脂薄板2厚度为7.5-9毫米，内层聚碳酸酯树脂薄板3厚度为9.5-11毫米，则发现从外层丙烯酸树脂薄板一侧射击时可阻挡9毫米子弹的穿透，但从内层聚碳酸酯树脂薄板一侧射击时则挡不住。
下面的表1总结了当受到从Uzi为9毫米的全金属壳（FMG）射击的子弹冲击时对不同厚度的聚碳酸酯和丙烯酸薄板的叠层所作的一些测试的结果，测试时速度为359.6米/秒;距离为3米;温度为17-25℃：
表1
丙烯酸  聚碳酸酯  结果
从丙烯酸侧射击  从聚碳酸酯侧射击
1.  8毫米  6毫米  穿过  穿过
2.  8毫米  8毫米  挡住,但在聚碳  穿过
酸酯侧产生-
"蘑菇"变形
3.  8毫米  10毫米  挡住  穿过
4.  8毫米  12毫米  挡住  挡住
5.  6毫米  10毫米  穿过  穿过
6.  10毫米  10毫米  挡住  挡住
聚碳酸酯薄板由日本Tsutsunaka供应，商标为Sunloid  PC;丙烯酸薄板为由日本Mitsubishi供应的铸造丙烯酸薄板，聚碳酸酯和丙烯酸薄板性能如下：
表2
性能  聚碳酸酯  丙烯酸
比重  1.2  1.20
洛氏硬度  R119  R124
抗拉强度 650kgf/cm2720-770kgf/cm2
延伸率  85%  4-7%
抗压强度 830kgf/cm2160-250kgf/cm2
抗弯强度 950kgf/cm21100-1200kgf/cm2
弯曲横量 24000kgf/cm230000-31000kgf/cm2
悬臂梁式冲击强度 80kgf/cm22-3kgfcm/cm2
热变形温度  135℃  87-100℃
线性热膨胀系数 7.0cm/cm℃×10-57-8cm/cm℃×10-5
总透光率  87%  92%
粘结剂是一般用来将聚碳酸酯与它本身、玻璃或金属粘结的透明液体聚氨酯粘结剂;其延伸率约300%，施加厚度为2毫米。
从上可见，当外层丙烯酸薄板2厚约8毫米，内层聚碳酸酯薄板3厚约10毫米，且其间的透明粘结剂层4是厚约2毫米的透明聚氨酯粘结剂时，可获得最佳效果。更可取地，两块薄板2、3中的每一块包括一在不粘结到另一薄板上的一面上的防擦伤涂层（众所周知有多种涂层）。
图1显示了扁平形状的透明板，比如可用于汽车的侧窗、建筑物的窗子，防护室的窗子之类。图2显示了与图1具有相同构成的板，但形状是弯曲的，比如可用作汽车前和/或后挡风板。
图3和图4显示了制造图2弯曲板的一种方法，图5表示用于此方法的压床，但可以看到此方法和压床也能用来制造图1的平板。
这样，首先根据要制造的板的尺寸和形状对用来制造板的两块树脂薄板2、3进行切割，然后根据要制造的板的曲率进行预弯曲。图3显示了如何根据曲率，比如根据汽车挡板的曲率，对两块树脂薄板2、3进行预弯曲。
这样，如图3所示，尺寸稍大于挡风板的尺寸的丙烯酸树脂薄板支承在具有所需曲率（作为参照模型）的实际玻璃挡风板上并加热到约140℃的温度。此温度对使丙烯酸软化是足够的，但不会使玻璃挡风板10软化。因此，丙烯酸薄板呈玻璃挡风板10的曲率。
尺寸也稍大于挡风板10的聚碳酸酯树脂薄板3支承在挡风板上并加热到约150℃的温度。此温度对聚碳酸酯树脂薄板2软化是足够高的，但不会使玻璃挡风板10软化，这样，聚碳酸酯树脂薄板3因此也呈玻璃挡风板的曲率。
然后，将弯曲的丙烯酸树脂薄板2支撑起来，令其凹面朝上的预制的密封条4围绕贴合在丙烯酸树脂薄板2周缘上。然后将聚碳酸酯树脂薄板3贴合在密封条4上，由于密封条的厚度（在此例中为2毫米）而使聚碳酸酯树脂薄板3与丙烯酸树脂薄板2隔开。在薄板的两个对角附近（如图1）钻两个穿过聚碳酸酯树脂薄板3的孔12、14。然后对两块薄板的相反两面施加压力（图4）以将它们紧压在密封条4上，同时用压力将粘结剂液体16通过一个孔（比如12）注入直到看见它从另一个孔（比如14）流出，从而保证了两块薄板2、3之间的整个空间充满粘结剂6。然后让粘结剂硬化以将两块薄板粘结在一起。
图5和图6以18表示的压床用来在两块薄板间注入粘结剂液体16时对两块薄板施加压力，以防止两块薄板由于注入粘结剂液体的压力而变形。图5所示的压床18包括一固定支架组件20和一移动支架组件30，移动支架组件相对于固定支架组件20可移动到开启位置或移动到一闭合位置。两个支架组件为矩形，共尺寸至少与制造的板的尺寸一样大，但最好大于最大的制造的板。
固定支架组件20包括四个垂直杆21，在支架组件的四角都有一个，由对角杆23支撑的四根下部水平杆22连接在一起，还包括类似地由对角杆（未示）支撑的四根上部杆24。固定支架组件20还包括多根横穿过组件而延伸的平行压力杆25，平行压力杆25用来接触要粘结在一起的薄板的下表面并占满薄板的整个面积。每根压力杆25包括用橡胶或其他弹性垫材制成的外衬26（图6），它直接同相对于聚碳酸酯薄板的丙烯酸薄板下表面接触。
每根压力杆25压力杆两端的通过缸-活塞装置27安装到固定支架组件20。活塞-缸装置使每根压力杆能够根据要粘结在一起的薄板的曲率而定位于一精确的垂直位置。
可移动支架30包括由四根水平杆31和四根垂直杆32构成的矩形框架，四根垂直杆32在矩形框架四处被套进且被容纳在固定支架组件20的垂直杆21内部，且允许移动支架组件30向离开固定支架组件的方向移动到开启位置，或朝向固定支架组件移动到闭合位置。移动支架组件30的运动通过设置在压床的四角的四个活塞-缸装置33实现，每个装置33使一固定垂直杆21同一移动垂直杆32连接。
移动支架组件30还包括多根沿组件横向延伸的平行水平压力杆35，每根水平压力杆与固定支架组件20的一根压力杆25对准。每个压力杆35也通过一对活塞-缸装置36而装配的，以允许每根根据待制造的板的曲率移动到一预选的垂直位置。活塞-缸装置36被安装到包括另四根水平杆37的上框架上。
如前所述，两组压力杆25和35根据待制造的板的曲率，通过各自的活塞-缸装置27和37一个一个单独地移动到合适的垂直位置。压力杆25、35由多个手柄40移动到其各自的垂直位置，一手柄40控制着固定支架组件内的一压力杆25和在移动支架组件30内的对准的压力杆35的所有的活塞-缸装置。当移动支架组件30相对于固定支架组件20移动到一闭合位置时，用手控制手柄40允许压力杆通过各自活塞-缸装置27、37自由移动，直到接触板的表面为止。因此压力杆根据板的曲率移动到其各自的垂直位置。然后由另外的手柄42把压力杆固定在此位置，每对对齐的压力杆25、35有一个手柄42。当手柄42移动到其闭合位置时，它们阻挡了流向各活塞-缸装置27、37的液体从而使压力杆固定在位。
由此可见，当预弯曲的聚碳酸酯树脂薄板已被放置在与丙烯酸树脂薄板周缘贴合的密封条4上后，然后就将两块薄板放到固定支架组件20的压力杆25和移动支架组件30的压力杆35之间。然后将移动支架组件30移动至其闭合位置，操纵手柄40使两组压力杆25、35与板的两个薄板接触，如此，杆就根据两块薄板曲率而处于其各自的垂直位置。然后驱动手柄42以阻挡来自活塞-缸装置27、37的液体，从而根据两块薄板的曲率固定在其各自垂直位置。
然后在高压下将透明液体粘结剂注入聚碳酸酯树脂薄板3内的一孔中（如12）以填满如图4中用16表示的两块薄板之间的空间。持续进行液体粘结剂的压力注射直到粘结剂开始从与孔12呈对角的另一孔14中流出，这表明两块薄板之间的整个空间完全被透明粘结剂填满。两个孔12、14的位置设在由压力杆25、35覆盖的区域外面，从而很容易进行液体粘结剂的注射。在注入透明粘结剂期间，图5所示的压床的两组压力杆25、26固定在各自的垂向位置，即使在注入液体粘结剂的高压下也防止两块薄板发生任何变形或移动。
当两块薄板2、3间的整个空间充满透明粘结剂后，可以将两个孔12、14塞住，让粘结剂硬化，从而将两块薄板牢固地粘结在一起而制成了层压而成的组件。
液体粘结剂16最好是一种商业上可行的、可冷施加的、透明的聚氨酯粘结剂。密封条4最好为厚2毫米的透明硅带，透明聚氨酯粘结层涂敷在其两表面上。例如，粘结剂可以是荷三斯登堡工程化学有限公司提供的1908E.P配方，可以在约1.5至2个大气压的压力下进行注射，尽管此压力可增加到约7个大气压以减少注射时间。
由于层压板用塑料薄板制成，可对薄板的边缘进行修边或弄平以适合将要安装的框架（如挡风板框架）。
如图7所示，当对两块薄板施加冷液体粘结剂时可使用的另一侧形式的压床。通常图7所示的压床50也包括一下部固定支架组件60和一可相对于固定支架组件移动到开启或闭合位置的上部移动组件70。移动支架组件70的开启或闭合也可通过两个组件四角处的垂直杆61、71的套合及由这些角落处的活塞-缸装置（未示）来实现。
固定支架组件60也包括多个沿组件横向延伸的压力杆65，每一压力杆都是可调的，以便根据待制造的板的曲率选择垂直位置。
但在图7所示的压床中，每一压力杆65用比如橡胶之类制成的可膨胀的平套66加衬。平套66直接与制造层压板中使用丙烯酸薄板下表面接触，并在对两块薄板间施加液体粘合剂时施加压力。
图7所示的压床50也提供了另一种布置方式用来调整压力杆65的垂直位置以使其符合待制造的层压板的曲率（或平面度）。在这种情况下，每一压力杆65通过一对螺栓-螺母装置67垂直可调，装置67将每一压力杆65的两端固定到下部支架组件60。
移动组件70中的压力杆75类似于固定支架组件60内的压力杆66的构造和安装方式。这样，移动支架组件中的每一压力杆75包括一可膨胀的平套76，平套76直接与制造层压板中使用的聚碳酸酯薄板的外表面接触并在注入透明粘结剂的期间对此表面施加压力。移动支架组件70中的每一压力杆75也通过固定于每个压力杆两端的一对螺栓-螺母装置77进行垂直移动。
图7所示的压床对制作一批形状都相同的层压板特别有用。因此，当根据待制作的层压板的曲率（或平面度）将每个压力杆65、75预设在适当的垂直位置时，同样的配置可用于生产成批的层压板。层压板生产方法与上面根据图5和图6中的压床的所述的一样，只是在上部支架组件70已移动到其闭合位置后，使压力杆65和75上所装有的平套66和76膨胀以牢固地接触正在进行层压的薄板的相反两面，并防止其由于注射透明粘结剂的高压力而发生变形。
图8和图9显示了根据本发明制作的透明板，但对比上述Uzi子弹更强有力的子弹具有上述单向防弹特点。
因此，图8显示了对M-16和K-47子弹特别具有上述单向防弹特点的板100。此板包括一厚为10毫米的内层聚碳酸酯树脂薄板101、一用透明聚氨酯粘结剂102a粘结至聚碳酸酯薄板101的厚为8毫米的外层的（相对于薄板101）丙烯酸树脂透明薄板102、三个粘结至丙烯酸薄板102外表面的玻璃薄板103、104和105。因此，最内层玻璃薄板103厚至4毫米，并由与粘结剂102a相同的透明聚氨酯粘结剂103a粘至丙烯酸薄板外表面。中层玻璃薄板104厚为10毫米，用一般用来将玻璃薄板层压在一起、市场上称为P.V.B.的透明粘结剂104a粘结于内层玻璃薄板103;厚度也是10毫米的外层玻璃薄板105用玻璃薄板层压时所用的相同的粘结剂105a粘结至中层玻璃薄板104。
总厚度为41.6毫米的板100每平方米重量为80公斤。
我们发现图8中的板100对于速度为1000米/秒、冲击能量为1700焦耳的5.56口径的M-16子弹在17-20℃温度下从10米处射击时具有上述单向防弹特点。对于速度为780米/秒、冲击能量为2200焦耳的7.62（39）口径的AK-47子弹在17-25℃温度下从10米处射击时也有同样的结果。上述单向防弹特点意味着从板外侧（即从玻璃薄板105一侧）射击时不会穿透板，而当从内侧（即聚碳酸酯薄板101一侧）射击时却会穿透板。
然而，对于更强有力的M-14子弹，图8所示的板当从任何一侧射击时子弹都能穿透。
然而，图9所示的板200对于更强有力的M-14子弹具有单向防弹特点。图9所示的板200包括同样的五个薄板201-205，分别对应于图8中的薄板101-105（粘结剂202a-205a与图8中的粘结剂102a-105a相同），但外层玻璃板205和中层玻璃板204每块厚12毫米，而不是10毫米。我们发现，总厚度为45.6毫米、重量为90公斤/平方米的这种结构当速度为845米/秒、冲击能量为3373焦耳的7.61（51）口径的M-14子弹在17-25℃温度下在10米处从外层玻璃薄板205一侧射击时可挡住它而不让其穿透，但从内层聚碳酸酯薄板101一侧射击时则允许此子弹穿透。
虽然结合较佳实施例说明了本发明，但应知道本发明可进行许多其他的变化、修改和应用。

Claims (23)

1、一种透明板，当从板外侧射击时可有效地挡住子弹而不被击穿，但当从板内侧射击时则挡不住，其特征在于，所述透明板包括：一厚度为7.5-9毫米的丙烯酸树脂外层透明薄板，一厚度为9.5-11毫米的聚碳酸酯树脂内层透明薄板，所述两层薄板由一聚氨酯透明粘结在一起。
2、如权利要求1所述的板，其特征在于，所述的外层丙烯酸树脂薄板厚度为约8毫米，所述内层聚碳酸酯树脂薄板厚度约10毫米。
3、如权利要求1所述的板，，其特征在于，所述透明聚氨酯粘结剂厚度为约2毫米。
4、如权利要求1所述的透明板，其特征在于，每个所述的薄板包在其不与另一薄板相粘结的表面上有防擦伤涂层。
5、如权利要求1所述的透明板，其特征在于，所述的两块薄板都是弯曲形状的。
6、如权利要求1-5的任一权利要求所述的板，其特征在于，它还包括多个相互粘结并粘结至外层丙烯酸薄板的玻璃薄板。
7、如权利要求6所述的板，其特征在于，所述多个玻璃薄板包括：
一厚为9-14毫米的外层玻璃薄板;
一厚为9-14毫米的中层玻璃薄板和
一粘结至所述丙烯酸薄板的外表面的厚为3-6毫米的内层玻璃薄板。
8、如权利要求6所述的板，其特征在于，所述的外层玻璃薄板厚为10毫米;所述中层玻璃薄板厚为10毫米;所述内层玻璃薄板厚为4毫米。
9、如权利要求6所述的板，其特征在于，所述的外层玻璃薄板厚为12毫米;所述中层玻璃薄板厚为12毫米;所述的内层玻璃薄板厚为4毫米。
10、一种制造透明板的方法，其特征在于，包括：成形一丙烯酸树脂薄板和一尺寸及形状与之相同的聚碳酸酯树脂薄板;围绕一薄板的周缘放置有一密封条;将另一薄板放置于前一薄板上而使两块薄板由所述密封条相互隔开;在靠近对角边缘处对一薄板钻透两个孔;对两个薄板的相反两面施加压力以使它们紧压着密封条;在压力下将粘结剂液体注入那一薄板的一个孔中直到它从另一孔中流出;让粘结剂固化以将两块薄板粘结在一起。
11、如权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述密封条被放置在丙烯酸树脂薄板的外周缘。
12、如权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述孔钻穿所述聚碳酸酯树脂薄板。
13、如权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，通过将各树脂薄板支承在一具有所需曲率的玻璃板上并对树脂薄板和玻璃板加热到一足够使各树脂薄板软化但不使玻璃板软化的温度，以使各树脂薄板具有玻璃板的曲率，从而将丙烯酸树脂薄板和聚碳酸酯树脂薄板分别预先弯曲到所需的曲率。
14、如权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，在注入粘结剂期间，由一压床对两块薄板的相反两面进行所述的加压，压床有一固定支架组件和一可相对于所述固定支架组件移动的移动支架组件;每一所述支架组件包括多根横穿各支架而延伸的平行压力杆;所述压床还包括用于将靠着板的两相反面的压力杆精确地定位的多个可调装置。
15、如权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的多个可调装置包括一连接至每一支架组件内的每一压力杆的活塞和缸。
16、如权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，所述多个可调节装置包括用于每一支架组件内的每一压力杆的手动可调的螺栓和螺母。
17、如权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，每个所述的压力杆包括一用于直接与板的各个表面接触的弹性垫层。
18、如权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，每一所述压力杆包括一用来直接与板的各个表面接触的可膨胀的套。
19、一种用来对多个薄板进行层压的压床，其特征在于，包括：一固定支架组件，一可相对于所述固定支架组件移动的移动支架组件;每一所述支架组件包括多个横穿各支架而延伸的平行压力杆;所述压床还包括多个用来将压力杆精确定位而靠着板的相反两面的可调装置。
20、如权利要求19所述的压床，其特征在于，所述的多个可调装置包括一连接至每一支架组件内的每一压力杆的活塞和缸。
21、如权利要求19所述的压床，其特征在于，所述的多个可调装置包括用于每个支架组件内的每一压力杆的手动可调螺栓和螺母。
22、如权利要求19所述的压床，其特征在于，每一所述压力杆包括直接接触的各个表面的弹性垫层。
23、如权利要求19所述的压床，其特征在于，每一所述的压力杆包括直接接触的各个表面的可膨胀套。
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CN100360608C (zh) * 2002-10-29 2008-01-09 璐彩特国际公司 丙烯酸组合物
CN102245383B (zh) * 2008-12-11 2015-01-28 帝斯曼知识产权资产管理有限公司 透明的防弹制品及其制备方法
CN103608640A (zh) * 2011-06-21 2014-02-26 拜尔材料科学有限公司 用于邻近爆炸事件的聚碳酸酯层叠体
CN104870929A (zh) * 2012-10-30 2015-08-26 帝斯曼知识产权资产管理有限公司 透明防弹制品及其制备方法
CN103471465A (zh) * 2013-09-12 2013-12-25 天津广源新材料科技有限公司 一种全透明复合防暴盾牌及其制备方法

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CA2131011A1 (en) 1993-09-02
EP0627988A1 (en) 1994-12-14
TR27217A (tr) 1994-12-09
WO1993016872A1 (en) 1993-09-02
EP0627988A4 (en) 1995-02-08
JPH07507383A (ja) 1995-08-10
AU3735193A (en) 1993-09-13

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