A kind of Chinese prickly ash method for culturing seedlings
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural plantation technology field, more particularly to a kind of Chinese prickly ash method for culturing seedlings.
Background technology
Chinese prickly ash, which is that the entitled green pepper of fruit rind of Rutaceae machaka or dungarunga another name for Sichuan Province green pepper is red, to be described as " eight big flavouring "
One of be that family often uses condiment for cooking and Chinese medicine dispensing.Chinese prickly ash is the long very extensive spices tallow tree of distribution of China's cultivation history
Kind cultivated area and yield and Chinese prickly ash kind occupy first place in the world and occupy absolute advantage.Fast result is rich, receives with growing for Chinese prickly ash
The advantages that beneficial big wide cultivation management simplicity strong adaptability well developed root system of purposes can conserve water and soil.Therefore Chinese prickly ash be collection ecological benefits,
The seeds that social benefit, economic benefit are integrated.
The breeding technique of China's Chinese prickly ash seriously lags at present, especially generally includes three steps in the seeding process of Chinese prickly ash:Turn over
Soil, sow seeds and earthing, three steps are separately carried out, seeding process is numerous and diverse so that Chinese prickly ash sowing it is inefficient;Reality is raw simultaneously
In work when sowing seeds, do not consider how it is quantitative Chinese prickly ash seed is sent out into soil, cause to sow seeds uneven so that flower
The nutrition nutrient that green pepper seed can obtain in soil is excessive or very few, influences the emergence rate in Chinese prickly ash later stage.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of Chinese prickly ash method for culturing seedlings, to sow non-quantitative and sowing when solving Chinese prickly ash sowing
The problem of efficiency is low.
In order to achieve the above object, base case of the invention provides a kind of Chinese prickly ash method for culturing seedlings, comprises the following steps:
(1) seed collection:Select the strong trees in richful production period (10-15 lifes) of tree vigo(u)r, in mid-August to early October, pericarp
Collected seed when being changed into bronzing or atropurpureus from green, the fruit newly adopted is placed on ventilation and dried in the shade, and removes pericarp, impurity produces kind
Son, seed is loaded in gunnysack or Porcelain Jar, put at aeration-drying, in case sowing is used;
(2) site preparation:Select it is leeward on the sunny side, on the deep fertile sandy loam of soil layer, broadcast before per hectare apply farm manure 30-35
Ton;Apply base fertilizer;
(3) date of seeding selection and seed treatment:Autumn sowing is selected, with clear water that wash seeds are multiple first, unfilled gtainses are removed in drift, drag for
Go out the seed of health, be put into plant ash and stir, seed appearance is wrapped up in one layer of plant ash;
(4) sow:This step uses a kind of seeder, including motor, transmission mechanism and operating mechanism;The motor
Assembled with transmission mechanism, transmission mechanism assembles with operating mechanism;The transmission mechanism includes driving gear, reduction gearing and driven
Gear, the motor are connected with driving wheel, and the reduction gearing is between driving gear and driven gear, and reduction gearing
It is meshed respectively with driving gear and driven gear, the size of the reduction gearing is more than driving gear, the driven gear
Size is more than reduction gearing;The operating mechanism includes dig device, seeding apparatus and pedestal;The device of digging includes digging
Device rotating shaft, the seeding apparatus include seeding apparatus rotating shaft;It is described dig device rotating shaft and seeding apparatus rotating shaft it is horizontally arranged
Be rotationally connected with pedestal, the device rotating shaft of digging is coaxially connected with driving gear, the seeding apparatus rotating shaft and driven tooth
Take turns coaxially connected, some devices of digging are fixedly connected with the device rotating shaft of digging, are coaxially fixed in the seeding apparatus rotating shaft
Sowing cylinder is connected with, the sowing cylinder the week side of boss is provided with some grooves;Sowing cylinder upper end is provided with trough, the trough
Side wall is fixedly connected on pedestal, and lower port and the sowing cylinder of the trough fit, and the trough is away from device of digging
Side wall on be fixedly connected with arc block plate, and arc block plate fits with sowing cylinder;
(5) fertilising is poured water:After planting, poured water within 2-3 days before transplanting, into growth period, with reference to the top dressing 1-2 that pours water
It is secondary, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, the later stage based on phosphorus, potash fertilizer, every mu of 20-25kg of topdressing amount.
The beneficial effect of this base case is:1st, a kind of Chinese prickly ash method for culturing seedlings provided by the invention, applies in site preparation
Base fertilizer so that soil is more fertile, then has seed treatment step, the bad seed of rejected in advance, then in the surface of the seed wraps up in one layer
Plant ash, sterilization, pre- insect-pest, further improves excellent seedling rate.
2nd, the present invention uses a kind of seeder in seeding process, and dig device and the seeding apparatus of seeder are in driver
Rotate in same direction under the drive of structure, ensure that the groove on sowing cylinder is first connected to soil and is being connected to Chinese prickly ash seed.And sowing mechanism
Rotating speed is less than the rotating speed for mechanism of digging, and ensure that the groove on sowing cylinder is connected to enough soil.The rotating speed of sowing mechanism simultaneously
Reduce under the centrifugal force change that the soil in groove is subject to, and then soil is not flown away, the final thickness of earth covering for causing Chinese prickly ash seed
Enough.
3rd, the present invention uses a kind of seeder in seeding process, the lower port of trough and sowing cylinder phase in seeder
Fitting, the side wall of trough scrape off the seed for being higher by groove part when sowing cylinder and rotating, and reach quantitative release Chinese prickly ash seed
Effect.
4th, the present invention uses a kind of seeder in seeding process, and seeder includes digging device and seeding apparatus so that spending
Digging in green pepper seedling raising process and sow work almost while realize, improve the efficiency of sowing.
Further, the depth of the groove is 2-5cm.So that the soil layer that device of digging stirred and entered groove is to sow most
Good thickness of earth covering, and then improve the emergence rate of Chinese prickly ash.
Further, the groove rectangular array distribution on the sowing cylinder.So that sow orderly and efficiency high.
Further, it is described to dig device as shovel of digging.Shovel dig compared with piece of digging, the native Relatively centralized stirred so that broadcast
The groove of kind cylinder is easier to be filled soil, and then makes seeding process more smooth feasible.
Further, the shovel of digging is acute angle or obtuse angle with the angle of device rotating shaft of digging.If dig shovel and device of digging
The angle of rotating shaft is equal to 90 degree, and shovel of digging acts perpendicularly to soil, and stirring soil becomes difficult.
Further, the bottom of the arc block plate contacts with ground.Realize that seed does not splash disorderly in groove so that seed is accurate
Arrival soil.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of seeder in a kind of Chinese prickly ash method for culturing seedlings of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the top view of seeder in a kind of Chinese prickly ash method for culturing seedlings of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the seeding apparatus of seeder in a kind of Chinese prickly ash method for culturing seedlings of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that the distribution of cylinder upper groove is sowed in a kind of Chinese prickly ash method for culturing seedlings of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below by the further details of explanation of embodiment:
Reference in Figure of description includes:Motor 1, driving gear 2, reduction gearing 3, driven gear 4, sowing
Device rotating shaft 5, device rotating shaft 6 of digging, pedestal 7, shovel 8 of digging, sowing cylinder 9, groove 10, trough 11, arc block plate 12.
Embodiment:
The present embodiment uses a kind of seeder, and as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, motor 1 assembles with transmission mechanism, transmission mechanism
Assembled with operating mechanism.Transmission mechanism includes driving gear 2, reduction gearing 3 and driven gear 4, the output shaft of motor 1 and master
Driving wheel coaxial welding, reduction gearing 3 between driving gear 2 and driven gear 4, and reduction gearing 3 respectively with driving gear 2
It is meshed with driven gear 4, the size of reduction gearing 3 is more than driving gear 2, and the size of driven gear 4 is more than reduction gearing 3.
Operating mechanism includes dig device, seeding apparatus and pedestal 7, and device of digging includes device rotating shaft 6 of digging, and seeding apparatus includes broadcasting
Kind of device rotating shaft 5, digs device rotating shaft 6 and seeding apparatus rotating shaft 5 is rotatably connected on pedestal 7 respectively horizontally arrangedly.Dig
Device rotating shaft 6 and the coaxial welding of driving gear 2, seeding apparatus rotating shaft 5 and the coaxial welding of driven gear 4.Dig in device rotating shaft 6
Three groups of shovels 8 of digging are welded with, and the angle for shoveling 8 and device rotating shaft 6 of digging of digging, equal to 70 degree, shovel 8 of digging is with soil with one
Point angle so that shovel 8 of digging is easier to stir soil.Sowing cylinder 9 is welded with seeding apparatus rotating shaft 5.As shown in figure 4, sowing
The surface of cylinder 9 is provided with the groove 10 of rectangular array distribution, and the depth of groove 10 is 4cm so that the soil entrance that shovel 8 of digging stirs
The soil thickness of groove 10 is optimal thickness of earth covering.As shown in figure 1, sowing cylinder 9 upper end is provided with trough 11, the side of trough 11
Wall is welded in pedestal 7.As shown in figure 3, the lower port of trough 11 fits with sowing cylinder 9.Trough 11 is away from dress of digging
Arc block plate 12 is welded with the side wall put, arc block plate 12 fits with sowing cylinder 9, and the bottom of arc block plate 12 and ground
Face contacts.
A kind of Chinese prickly ash method for culturing seedlings, step are as follows:
(1) seed collection:The strong trees in richful production period of tree vigo(u)r is selected, in mid-August to early October, pericarp is changed into red from green
Collected seed when brown or atropurpureus, the fruit newly adopted is placed on ventilation and dried in the shade, and removes pericarp, impurity produces seed, and seed is loaded
In gunnysack or Porcelain Jar, put at aeration-drying, in case sowing is used.
(2) site preparation:Select it is leeward on the sunny side, on the deep fertile sandy loam of soil layer, broadcast before per hectare apply 30 tons of farm manure.Apply
Add base fertilizer, base fertilizer is plant ash.
(3) date of seeding selection and seed treatment:Autumn sowing is selected, with clear water that wash seeds are multiple first, unfilled gtainses are removed in drift, drag for
Go out the seed of health, be put into plant ash and stir, seed appearance is wrapped up in one layer of plant ash.
(4) sow:Start motor 1 first, motor 1 drives the rotate counterclockwise of driving gear 2, and driving gear 2 drives
Reduction gearing 3 turns clockwise, and reduction gearing 3 drives the rotate counterclockwise of driven gear 4 again.Due to driving gear 2 and dress of digging
Put rotating shaft 6 to weld, driven gear 4 welds with seeding apparatus rotating shaft 5, so this transmission device makes seeding apparatus and device of digging same
To rotation.When device of digging rotates, three groups of shovels 8 of digging act on soil, and soil is stirred, kicks up soil, sow recessed on cylinder 9
Groove 10 is connected to the soil kicked up.Now, the seed for the Chinese prickly ash handled well is put into trough 11, Chinese prickly ash seed passes through blowing
The lower port of groove 11 is contacted with sowing the side surface of cylinder 9, and trough lower port is directed at when sowing cylinder 9 is rotated to groove 10
When, Chinese prickly ash seed is dropped in groove 10.Because seeding apparatus and device of digging rotate in same direction, so being connected to the groove 10 of soil again
It is connected to Chinese prickly ash seed.Meanwhile the lower port of trough 11 fits with sowing cylinder 9, when sowing cylinder 9 rotates, trough 11
Side wall can scrape off the Chinese prickly ash seed for being higher by groove 10, have the function that quantitative seed.
Simultaneously as the size of driving gear 2 is less than the size of reduction gearing 3, the size of driven gear 4 is more than reducing gear
The size of wheel 3, so the rotating speed of driven gear 4 is less than driving gear 2 so that the rotating speed of seeding apparatus is less than turning for device of digging
Speed.The speed that seeding apparatus rotates is less than device of digging, it is ensured that after the groove 10 on sowing cylinder 9 fills enough soil amounts
Chinese prickly ash seed is connected to again.Meanwhile sow the centrifugal force for being subject to the soil in groove 10 after the speed that cylinder 9 rotates reduces and diminish,
And then so that the soil acted on after sowing cylinder 9 in the groove 10 at end is not easy disorderly to fly.
Then sowing cylinder 9 drives the groove 10 equipped with soil and Chinese prickly ash seed to continue to rotate, due to being acted on before sowing cylinder 9
There is arc block plate 12 on the groove 10 at end, arc block plate 12 can block the groove 10 equipped with soil and Chinese prickly ash seed, arc block plate 12
Make in Chinese prickly ash seed and the agonic arrival soil of soil matrix sheet so that the soil layer in groove 10 covers Chinese prickly ash seed completely, completes
The sowing of Chinese prickly ash seed.
(5) fertilising is poured water:Poured water within 3 days before transplanting, into growth period, with reference to top dressing 2 times of pouring water, using nitrogenous fertilizer as
It is main, the later stage based on phosphorus, potash fertilizer, every mu of 25kg of topdressing amount.