CN107735938A - 辅助动力产生方法和系统 - Google Patents

辅助动力产生方法和系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107735938A
CN107735938A CN201680038912.5A CN201680038912A CN107735938A CN 107735938 A CN107735938 A CN 107735938A CN 201680038912 A CN201680038912 A CN 201680038912A CN 107735938 A CN107735938 A CN 107735938A
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Prior art keywords
power
power system
controller
electric generator
engine
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Granted
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CN201680038912.5A
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English (en)
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CN107735938B (zh
Inventor
安德鲁·阿米戈
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Blackburn Energy Inc
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Blackburn Energy Inc
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Priority to CN202011277102.XA priority Critical patent/CN112572130A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/188—Controlling power parameters of the driveline, e.g. determining the required power
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/22—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or type of main drive shafting, e.g. cardan shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/22—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or type of main drive shafting, e.g. cardan shaft
    • B60K17/24—Arrangements of mountings for shafting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/28—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or type of power take-off
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60K25/00—Auxiliary drives
    • B60K25/06—Auxiliary drives from the transmission power take-off
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/15—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with additional electric power supply
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    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
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    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/13—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
    • B60W20/14—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion in conjunction with braking regeneration
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Drives, Propulsion Controls, And Safety Devices (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

用于机动车辆的辅助动力系统包括动力发电机，该动力发电机产生电力从而为一个或多个辅助动力系统电池充电。所述机动车辆包括发动机和将来自所述发动机的动力分配至驱动轮的传动系。所述传动系能够包括变速器、驱动轴和将所述发动机连接至所述驱动轮的差速器。所述动力发电机能够连接至所述传动系(例如，所述变速器、所述驱动轴或所述差速器)以获取动力来产生电力，以及将制动负载施加在所述驱动轮上来增加使所述机动车辆停车的能力。

Description

辅助动力产生方法和系统
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求法律规定的任何和所有权益，所述权益包括2015年5月1日提交的61/155855号美国临时申请在35 U.S.C.§119(e)规定下的权益，并将该美国临时申请的全部内容以引用的方式并入本文。
关于联邦政府资助研究的声明
不适用。
缩微胶片附录的参考
不适用。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于机动车辆的辅助动力产生系统。更具体地，涉及下述辅助动力产生系统：从车辆动力传动系(vehicle power train)获得能量，并且将能量(例如，电能)存储在储能元件(例如，电池)中，以供不使用机动车辆的发动机的时候使用。本发明也能够用来向车辆(例如，电动车辆)提供推动力，以及为车辆子系统提供新形式的可靠和稳定的电力供给。
背景技术
为了乘客舒适性，机动车辆在传动系组件和客舱中越来越多地加入电子组件。例如，这些电子组件包括电制冷风扇和电流体泵，两者重量轻并且能够关闭从而减小燃料消耗，但是在使用中仍然造成燃料经济性的寄生损失。上述和其它电子组件的使用迫使需要更多电能和更大电力存储。这适用于乘用机动车辆和汽车房屋，也适用于长短途运输用的牵引式挂车。随着对更多电组件和基于电池的系统的需求的增加，大型卡车对电力的需要也增加。通过操作卡车主发动机上的子系统，估计出电组件(例如，电燃料泵、动力转向泵、制冷风扇等)的使用造成燃料经济性的5-7％的(寄生)损失。
在一些方面，为驾驶员和/或乘客提供住宿的机动车辆(例如，大型卡车和汽车房屋等)对电能的需要更多，因为这些车辆通常需要长时间提供乘客舒适性，包括需要或期望在关闭主发动机的情况下过夜。这些车辆主要从连接至主发动机的交流发电机获得能量，从而即使当车辆不移动时，也必须保持主发动机运转，以加热和/或制冷住宿环境。这浪费燃料且导致空气污染。
此外，大量的环境立法已经使下述行为成为被禁止的行为：空转卡车主发动机来操作卧铺驾驶室加热器和空调。因此，出现了基于电池的空调和加热系统，然而，它们缺少高效地产生足够在电池上长时间运转这些系统的电力的能力。在本领域中，需要一种用于车辆，特别是用于大型8级(class 8)卡车的更高效的、专用新动力源。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种用于将动力供给至机动车辆中的辅助动力系统的方法和系统。现有技术的系统从交流发电机取得车辆电力，交流发电机通过皮带和皮带轮连接至发动机的曲柄轴的前端。通常假设：从内燃机的前部或从内燃机的后部产生动力将得到相同的效率和动力学。虽然理论上准确，但是变速器的输出侧的动力学大不相同，这是由于变速器的传动效应。根据本发明的一些实施例，辅助动力系统(包括交流发电机或发电机)被设计和构造为利用变速器传动的优势，以使输出轴在道路操作中以更高速度和更大扭矩旋转。
根据本发明的一些实施例，机动车辆包括发动机和发电机(或交流发电机)，所述发动机连接至对动力传动系进行驱动的变速器或对推动车辆的驱动轮进行驱动的驱动轴，所述发电机(或交流发电机)能够耦接至变速器或驱动轴。来自变速器或驱动轴的动力能够用来为发电机(或交流发电机)提供动力，以产生能够存储在辅助动力系统的储能元件(例如，电池)中的电能或者为所述车辆的电气部件供电的电能。发电机(或交流发电机)能够由控制系统选择性地控制(例如，通过离合器选择性地接合或通过选择性地激活发电机或交流发电机的定子)，以提供高效操作且提供例如机动车辆的再生制动等功能。
根据本发明的一些实施例，针对用于像长途运输卡车那样的长途公路旅行的动态而优化所述系统。在高速公路速度的情况下，发动机的每分钟转数(RPM)低于与变速器的输出轴附接的驱动轴的RPM。根据本发明的一些实施例，发电组件(例如，交流发电机或发电机)从在高速公路速度的情况下提供更高RPM和更多电力的驱动轴的旋转中获取动力。此外，根据本发明的系统能够用于再生制动模式，该模式通过使用交流发电机或发电机的增加的阻力使车辆减速来生成电力。
根据本发明的实施方式，可以提供下面的一种或多种能力。
本发明的一个目的是提出能够从机动车辆的电动机更高效地获得能量的系统。
本发明的一个目的是提出能够从机动车辆的传动系高效地获得能量的系统。
本发明的一个目的是提出能够使来自传动系的能量被用于为辅助动力系统提供动力的系统。
本发明的一个目的是提出如下系统：所述系统使来自传动系的能量能够用于为发电机或交流发电机提供动力，从而为辅助动力系统的电池充电。
在阅读下面的图、详细的说明和随附的权利要求后，将更全面地理解本发明的上述和其它能力以及本发明本身。
附图说明
并入本说明书的附图图示了本发明的一个或多个示例性实施例，并且与详细的说明一起用来解释本发明的原理和应用。附图和详细的说明是说明性的，并且目的是在不限制本发明的范围的情况下便于理解本发明及其应用。在不偏离本发明的实质和范围的情况下，能够修改和改变说明性的实施例。
图1是根据现有技术的机动车辆的示意图。
图2是根据本发明的一些实施例的机动车辆的示意图。
图3是根据本发明的一些实施例的机动车辆的示意图。
图3A图示了根据本发明的一些实施例的驱动齿轮和副齿轮(pinion gear)。
图4是根据本发明的一些实施例的机动车辆的示意图。
图5是根据本发明的一些实施例的机动车辆的示意图。
图6A和6B图示了根据本发明的一些实施例的支撑轴承的示意图。
图7是根据本发明的一些实施例的用于机动车辆的辅助动力系统的控制系统的示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种方法和系统，其将例如电能等动力供给至辅助动力系统，以用于为机动车辆中的电系统提供动力。根据本发明的一些实施例，机动车辆包括发动机和发电机(或交流发电机)，发动机连接至对驱动轴进行驱动的变速器并且为推动车辆的驱动轮提供动力，发电机能够耦接至变速器或驱动轴。来自变速器或驱动轴的动力能够用来为发电机(或交流发电机)提供动力(例如，使之转动)，以产生能够存储在辅助动力系统的电池阵列中的电能；来自变速器或驱动轴的动力也能够用来为车辆的电组件提供动力。发电机(或交流发电机)能够被控制，以提供机动车辆的再生制动(regenerative braking)。
图1示意了现有技术中已知的机动车辆100的示意图。机动车辆100包括底盘或框架110，底盘或框架110具有用来支撑或对准例如发动机120和传动系130(例如，变速器132、驱动轴136和差速器138)等其它组件的一个或多个横梁112。框架110能够是单独结构，或能够一体化至车厢或客舱。传动系13包括变速器132、驱动轴136和差速器138。变速器132耦接至发动机120，且驱动轴136将变速器132连接至差速器138和驱动轮140。一般而言，发动机120牢固地耦接至变速器132，且结合的发动机120和变速器132通过发动机座(未示出)可移动地耦接至框架，所述发动机座吸收振动，并且在将大量的扭矩传输至驱动轴136、差速器138和轮140的同时，所述发动机座使发动机120和变速器132能够相对于框架110移动小的量。机动车辆能够包括悬挂系统(未示出)，该悬挂系统使驱动轮140能够相对于框架110移动以吸收道路冲击，且该悬挂系统使驱动轮140能够在不平坦路面上保持牵引力。为了适应驱动轮140相对于框架110的运动，通用接头134A和134B能够用来将驱动轴136的前端连接至变速器132且将驱动轴136的后端连接至差速器138。在差速器138和驱动轮140相对于框架110和变速器132移动的同时，通用接头134A和134B能够使待被传输的变速器132的转动动力传输至驱动轴136和差速器138。
图2示出了根据本发明的一些实施例的机动车辆200的示意图。根据本发明的一些实施例，例如图1所示的机动车辆100能够被修改为容纳动力发电机260(例如，发电机或交流发电机)，该动力发电机260能够耦接至驱动轴236且从驱动轴236获得动力，以产生能够存储在APU电池270中的电力。发动机220(例如，汽油或柴油发动机)能够安装在框架210上。发动机220能够耦接至传动系230，传动系230将动力从发动机220传输至驱动轮240。传动系230包括变速器232、前通用接头234A、驱动轴236、后通用接头234B和差速器238，差速器238包括连接至驱动轮240的驱动桥。驱动桥能够包括作为独立驱动悬挂系统一部分的通用接头。根据本发明的一些实施例，差速器238能够例如通过悬挂系统(例如，弹簧和减震器，未示出)可移动地耦接至框架，以使驱动轮240能够相对于框架移动，从而吸收振动且保持与不平坦路面的接触。在驱动轴236将扭矩(和动力)从变速器232传输至驱动轮240的同时，前通用接头234A和后通用接头234B能够使差速器238移动。驱动轴236相对于框架可移动，以适应差速器236和驱动轮240的移动。为了将动力发电机260耦接至驱动轴236，驱动皮带轮256能够(例如，使用花键，键及键槽，销，或通过压力配合)安装至驱动轴236的一部分，且APU皮带258能够将驱动皮带轮258耦接至发电机皮带轮262。此外，支撑轴承252和254能够安装至框架210(例如，在横梁212上)，且能够支撑驱动轴236，以防止APU皮带258将驱动轴236拉出对准位置且防止可能损害通用接头234A和234B。
图2示出了安装至动力传动系中的动力输出系统250。根据一些实施例，动力输出系统250包括由支撑轴承252和254围绕的驱动皮带轮256，该驱动皮带轮256代替常规机动车辆(例如，卡车)传动系的驱动轴236上的主中心轴承。动力输出系统250执行该中心轴承的功能，并且使得能够从驱动轴获取动力，以驱动发电机或交流发电机。该单元包括在两侧被至少一个轴承(例如，支撑轴承252和254)围绕的驱动元件256(例如，皮带轮，链轮，或环和副齿轮)构成。驱动元件256能够由铬钼合金、钒钢、不锈钢或铝制成，也能够由允许的其它高强度金属制成。轴承能够是滚珠轴承、滚柱轴承、滚珠止推轴承、滚柱止推轴承或锥形滚柱止推轴承(或它们的组合)，并且能够根据多个实施例来构成以适应机动车辆的动力传动系构造的支撑和负载要求。根据本发明的一些实施例，位于驱动元件256(例如，皮带轮，链轮，或环和副齿轮)任一侧的支撑轴承252、254能够安装在或包装在衬套(或衬套系统)中，该衬套(或衬套系统)能够被压缩在机械附接至卡车框架210的外骨架中。衬套能够由弹性可压缩材料制成，例如，氯丁橡胶、橡胶、硅酮、尿烷、聚氨酯或它们任何数量的组合。在一些构造中，根据衬套材料的密度和期望的应用，衬套材料能够在材料中包括一个或多个拉背槽(relief cut)(例如，径向延伸的空隙)，这进一步允许材料弯曲。衬套的作用是吸收车辆振动，以帮助对齐两个轴且以使系统随着车辆移动而弯曲。管轴通过一端具有轭件且另一端具有驱动轴的单元来插入凸端。所述轭件能够经由标准通用接头附接至其它轭件和另一驱动轴。
根据一些实施例，皮带258能够在一端围绕驱动皮带轮256形成环，并且围绕与发电机/交流发电机260的轴附接的发电机皮带轮262形成环。根据一些实施例，驱动皮带轮256能够被替换成驱动链轮256和链条258，链条258驱动与发电机/交流发电机260的轴附接的发电机链轮262。皮带或链条能够通过使用弹簧负载张紧器(未示出)来张紧，该张紧器被校准至施加于旋转轴的垂直轴线上的水平力的范围。
辅助动力单元(APU)系统包括动力发电机(或交流发电机)260，该动力发电机(或交流发电机)260能够通过配线272连接至APU电池包270。APU电池包270能够包括电池阵列和充电控制电路，充电控制电路能够控制系统的充电参数，以最大化充电效率和最小化对电池的伤害(例如，过量充电等)。根据一些实施例，充电控制电路能够是与电池包270分开的单独组件。
图3示意了根据本发明的一些实施例的机动车辆300的示意图。图3所示的机动车辆300与图2基本上相同，然而，在本发明的本实施例中，动力发电机360通过APU驱动轴358而不是通过APU驱动皮带258耦接至驱动轴。在本实施例中，动力发电机360通过驱动齿轮356和APU驱动轴358耦接至驱动轴336，驱动齿轮356能够(例如，通过使用花键，键及键槽，销，或通过压力配合)被安装至驱动轴336的一部分，且APU驱动轴358能够用来将驱动齿轮358耦接至发电机齿轮362。此外，支撑轴承352和354能够安装至框架310(例如，在横梁312上)，且能够支撑驱动轴336，以防止APU驱动轴358迫使驱动轴336失去对齐并且防止可能损害通用接头334A和334B。
如图3A所示，驱动齿轮356能够包括具有斜齿的螺旋锥齿轮。螺旋齿轮能够按照锥形或准双曲面的设计来构造。可替代地，驱动齿轮356能够包括冠状齿轮或环。驱动齿轮356能够以90度角通过配对齿轮358A连接至驱动轴或副齿轮轴358。副齿轮轴358能够连接至动力发电机360。根据一些实施例，副齿轮轴358能够包括安全轴，以防止副齿轮轴358的灾难性故障损害驱动轴336或传动系360。安全轴能够包括实心输出轴，该输出轴插入在连接至发电机/交流发电机的中空管中。一套轴承(例如，滚针轴承)能够安装在实心轴上，且中空管轴能够通过润滑轴承而被放置在实心轴上。中空管轴覆盖实心轴和轴承的至少一部分。两个轴能够通过一系列剪切销来连接，这一系列剪切销被插入通过这两个轴且被螺栓固定在适当的位置。剪切销被选择为当施加的扭矩超过可接受的水平时被切断。
图4示意了根据本发明的一些实施例的机动车辆400的示意图。图4所示的机动车辆400与图2基本上相同，然而，在本发明的本实施例中，动力发电机460直接安装在驱动轴436上。动力发电机460的磁化转子能够紧固至驱动轴436，且动力发电机460的定子能够通过支撑轴承452和/或454耦接至框架410。磁化转子在定子内随着驱动轴436旋转，从而产生电力，电力能够存储在APU电池470中或用来为连接的电组件提供动力。
图5示意了根据本发明的一些实施例的机动车辆500的示意图。除了变速器532被修改为包括能够直接或间接地耦接至动力发电机560的次级输出532A之外，图5所示的机动车辆500类似于图2所示的机动车辆200。根据一些实施例，变速器532的次级输出能够包括接合发电机齿轮的驱动齿轮或皮带轮532A，或耦接至动力发电机560的皮带轮562。动力发电机560能够安装至框架510或直接安装至变速器532(例如，变速器壳体)。根据一些实施例，变速器532能够包括次级输出轴532A，该次级输出轴532A能够例如使用驱动轴等耦接至动力发电机560的输入轴562。在这些实施例中，动力发电机560产生电能，该电能能够通过配线572传输至APU电池包570。
图6A和6B示意了根据本发明的一些实施例的支撑轴承652的示意图。在图6B中，支撑壳体690已经被截开，以示意内部的支撑衬套682。如图2、3和可选的图4所示，驱动轴236、336、436能够由支撑轴承252、254、352、354、452、454支撑，这些支撑轴承支撑驱动轴236、336、436以对抗例如驱动皮带轮256或驱动齿轮356等动力输出的负载。根据本发明的一些实施例，支撑轴承652包括支撑框架或壳体680，该支撑框架或壳体680包括支撑衬套682和轴承690(例如，滚珠轴承)。轴承690包括轴承内圈692和轴承外圈694，该轴承内圈692能够(例如，通过使用花键，键及键槽，销，或通过压力配合)安装至驱动轴636上，该轴承外圈694能够由支撑衬套682支撑。根据一些实施，轴承690的轴承内圈692能够包括与驱动轴636上的花键配合的花键。驱动轴636上的花键能够是这样的花键：其用来将通用接头634C的轭件连接至驱动轴636的驱动管。支撑衬套682能够由弹性材料(例如，橡胶、氯丁橡胶或弹性聚合物)构成。支撑衬套682使轴承690能够在一定的范围内浮动或可移动，以适应正常使用期间的驱动轴636的横向运动，且同时支撑驱动轴636以对抗由将动力传输至动力发电机260、360、460的驱动系统施加的横向负载。在操作中，一个或多个支撑轴承652的支撑框架680能够一体化至或(例如，通过螺栓或焊接)紧固至机动车辆200、300、400的框架210、310、410，且轴承内圈692能够安装至驱动轴636。驱动皮带轮256或驱动齿轮356能够例如通过焊接或其它附接方法等固定至轴承690的轴承内圈692，从而形成单块单元，该单块单元耦接至驱动轴636以将动力供给至动力发电机260、360、460。在正常使用期间，当驱动轴636横向地移动以适应驱动轮240、340、440相对于框架210、310、410的移动时，支撑衬套682能够被压缩以适应当轴承690支撑驱动轴636时轴承690的移动。
在操作中，APU电池系统能够用来作为连接至发动机的标准交流发电机的替代或备用，为操作期间的机动车辆的许多电组件提供动力，该标准交流发电机为点火电池和一些发动机电子部件充电。如果点火电池故障，那么APU电池系统也能够用作备用系统。此外，标准交流发电机能够有选择性地连接至APU电池系统，以用于在车辆不能移动的时间内进行充电。
动力发电机260、360、460驱动系统能够包括驱动皮带258和一个或多个张紧皮带轮(其能够是弹簧负载的)，且弹簧力能够使用螺栓可调节以压缩或释放弹簧从而使张紧皮带轮相对于驱动皮带258偏置。根据一些实施例，能够使用链条和链轮驱动系统来代替皮带和皮带轮系统。根据一些实施例，驱动皮带轮252和/或发电机皮带轮262作为连续可变动力变速器系统的一部分可以是能够调节的，以使从驱动轴(或次级输出532A)获得的动力是能够调节的。根据本发明的一些实施例，可调节的变速器机构能够设置在驱动轴236、336、436或次级输出532A与动力发电机260、360、460、560之间。可调节的变速器能够包括链条链轮驱动机构、齿轮机构或两者的组合。通过调节变速器，可调节的变速器能够使来自驱动轴236、336、436或次级输出532A的动力输出能够根据系统的需要而被调节。
虽然本发明的说明性实施例示意了耦接至驱动轴236、236、436的动力发电机260、360、460，但是根据本发明的其它实施例，驱动皮带轮256或驱动齿轮356能够在不需要额外的支撑轴承的情况下直接耦接至变速器232、332、432的输出轴或差速器238、338、438的输入轴。动力发电机260、360、460能够在不使用支撑轴承的情况下直接安装至变速器壳体或差速器壳体。
根据一些实施例，发电机/交流发电机能够一体化至传动轴的轭件和通用接头，从而电力发电机/交流发电机的磁组件能够安装至被定子(例如，一个或多个铜线圈)围绕的旋转轭件。当磁化轭件在定子内部旋转时，它们产生能够用来为电池充电的电荷。此外，改变定子上的电负载能够用来妨碍磁化轭件的旋转，以提供制动。
图7示意了根据本发明的一些实施例的APU控制系统700的示意图。APU控制系统700能够包括控制器710，控制器710能够连接至网络726、发动机控制单元(ECU)722、用户界面(UI)742、动力发电机760、APU电池包770和外部传感器724。控制器710能够包括：一个或多个计算机，该计算机包括中央处理单元(CPU)712以及关联的存储组件714(例如，易失性和非易失性存储器件)；一个或多个通信设施716(例如，有线和/或无线通信端口，诸如无线电通信、蜂窝(Cellular)数据、WiFi、蓝牙(Blue Tooth)、Zigbee、以太网(Ethernet)、I2C、串行I/O、SPI–串行外围接口等)，该通信设施716使控制器710能够与外部器件和系统进行通信。控制器也能够包括数据存储装置715，该数据存储装置715用于存储在控制器710操作期间由控制器710使用的数据以及用于将性能数据记入日志以供稍后分析。
根据一些实施例，控制器710能够连接至网络726，例如，WiFi网络、蜂窝移动数据网络、广域网络、卫星通信网络和/或网格通信网络，该网络726能够可选地将控制器710连接至因特网。该连接能够用来将记入日志的性能数据或实时数据传输至远程系统，以供分析(例如，实时分析或稍后分析)。
根据本发明的一些实施例，控制器710能够访问能够存储在本地存储装置714中以及通过通信设施716(例如，从公共和私人因特网资源)可远程访问的增强地图数据(例如，道路和路线信息，道路坡度信息，交通信息和天气信息)。根据一些实施例，控制器710能够包括基于软件的算法，该算法通过选择在动力耦接至发电机/交流发电机760和系统正在空转轮(例如，不获取动力和驱动轴上无负载)时的路线期间内的时间，来优化从动力传动系获取的能量。该算法能够与路线信息、交通信息和天气信息结合地使用智能地图和坡度信息来确定系统接合/脱离(包括空转轮、增加和减小发动机制动等)的最佳时期，以优化能量摄取和驾驶员安全。根据一些实施例，有选择性地将电荷或电势施加于交流发电机(例如，定子)能够有选择性地创建机械阻力(例如，用于制动)和用于电池充电的电力输出。根据一些实施例，计算机的控制器能够用来根据系统传感器(例如，一个或多个加速度计和/或陀螺仪)有选择性地接合动力单元，以有选择性地控制对动力传动系的阻力以及电子或e-Jake制动系统。
根据一些实施例，控制器710能够被编程，以(例如，根据加速度计、陀螺仪、GPS和/或地形数据)识别机动车辆在丘陵和/或山区坡度的在上升移动或下降移动。根据一些实施例，控制器710能够使用加速度计和/或陀螺仪数据来确定下降/上升的卡车角度，并且来控制由系统添加至动力传动系的阻力水平，以达到性能目标(例如，增加燃料经济性和/或增加电力产生)。例如，控制器710能够监视加速度计(和/或陀螺仪)数据且确定倾斜角度(例如，下降或上升的角度)。如果下降的角度位于预定的阈值(例如，3％坡度)以上，那么控制器能够有选择性地接合发电机或交流发电机以增加对驱动轴旋转的阻力，从而增加对车辆的制动效果且优化当移动的车辆下山时来自移动的车辆的动能的能量回收，从而在促进机动车辆的安全操作(例如，减少磨损和车辆制动系统过热)的同时，增加存储在电池阵列中的电量。这也优化燃料经济性，因为控制器能够仅在车辆向山下移动且可选地，不使用发动机动力，使发动机闲置或在空转轮模式下脱离发动机时，有选择性地接合发电机或交流发电机，。
此外，根据一些实施例，控制器710能够使用网络连接726来更新自身的固件和软件、执行包括远程系统诊断在内的软件和监视系统状态，该系统状态包括系统输出、位置、温度、电池状态、车辆速度、重量等。根据一些实施例，控制器710能够下载预定的旅途所需的所有必需的地图、路线、地形(例如，斜坡)、交通、天气和其它数据，以使控制系统700能够在旅途期间操作(而不必在路途中从远程源取回数据)。此外，与替代的路线和绕行线路关联的数据也能够被存储，以预估由于交通和/或天气状况而导致的可能的路线变化。如果驾驶员需要改变路线且需要额外数据，那么控制系统700能够使用有线或无线数据源(例如，以太网、蜂窝数据、WiFi、蓝牙、Zigbee等)来连接以获得额外数据。根据一些实施例，控制系统也能够通过绑定操作员(或乘客)的移动手机或舰船无线电通信系统来获得数据。
根据一些实施例，控制器710能够连接至发动机控制单元(ECU)722，以监视机动车辆发动机220、320、420、520能够控制的性能。控制器710能够连接至动力发电机760，以控制动力发电机760何时从驱动轴或变速器获得动力。根据本发明的一些实施例，发电机齿轮或皮带轮262、362能够包括离合器，该离合器能够通过控制器710有选择性地接合或脱离。根据本发明的一些实施例，动力发电机260、360能够通过控制器710与充电负载电连接或分离。在操作中，控制器710通过以下方式能够优化APU电池充电功能以增加发动机的燃料经济性：例如，当发动机运转在低效率模式下，诸如加速(例如，车辆加速踏板被按压或测量出的燃料经济性低)或沿着斜坡向上移动(例如，加速度计数据表明向上运动)等时，有选择性地脱离充电功能和传动系上的动力负载；以及当发动机运转在高效率模式下，诸如减速(例如，车辆加速踏板被解除按压，制动器被按压，或测量出的燃料经济性高)或沿着斜坡向下移动(例如，加速度计数据表明向下运动)等时，有选择性地接合充电功能和传动系上的动力负载以用于再生制动。根据本发明的一些实施例，控制器能够使用地图和/或地势数据(例如，诸如存储在数据存储装置715中等)以预计性能模式，并且控制器根据机动车辆将上坡还是下坡以及斜坡的程度而接合或脱离充电负载。根据本发明的一些实施例，控制器能够(例如，根据预定的占空比)周期性地接合和然后脱离发电机或交流发电机，以调整传动系上的负载且更精细地控制施加于传动系的阻力。可替代地，控制器能够控制施加于发电机或交流发电机的定子上的电压，以控制传动系上的负载。
根据本发明的一些实施例，控制器710能够连接至用户界面(UI)742，诸如机动车辆的仪表盘中的控制面板等，该用户界面(UI)742使操作员能够控制APU充电系统的操作。控制面板UI 742能够包括将APU充电系统置于预定的操作模式(例如，打开，关闭，最大充电量，最大燃料经济性)的一个或多个按钮或开关。控制面板UI 742能够包括触摸屏用户界面，其提供用于控制系统的预定操作模式(例如，打开，关闭，最大充电量，最大燃料经济性)的用户界面元素并且允许操作员调节操作模式的参数。UI 742也能够包括指示器(例如，光和/或声音产生组件)，该指示器为操作员提供状态信息(例如，APU充电或不充电状态，电池充电水平)以及警告信息(例如，诸如没有充电、过度充电或没有电池等错误状况，或诸如发电机不工作或电池故障等系统故障)。根据一些实施例，UI 742能够使用智能手机或驾驶室安装的GPS单元来设置。
根据一些实施例，控制器710能够连接至动力发电机760和APU电池包770，以监视动力发电机和APU电池包770的状态和性能。根据本发明的一些实施例，控制器710能够控制旅途期间的充电功能(例如，当电池正在被充电时的充电率，和诸如通过微电流充电等维持充电)。根据一些实施例，控制器710能够包括地图功能，该地图功能使操作员能够输入目的地且可选地设计行程路线。当从传动系获取动力来为APU电池充电以优化燃料效率以及实现最大电池充电水平或操作员限定的电池充电水平时，控制器能够确定包括旅途片段的充电曲线。
根据本发明的一些实施例，操作员能够指定预期的停歇所需的APU电池动力的持续时间。系统能够确定操作指定的持续时间所需的APU电池充电水平。例如，操作员能够指定目的地和停歇持续时间(例如，8小时)以及舒适度参数(例如，加热或制冷)，并且控制器能够确定最小APU电池充电水平以满足指定的持续时间的舒适度要求，且控制器能够确定在前往目的地的行程期间待被执行的充电计划或曲线(并且，例如，当到达目的地前已经实现指定的充电水平时，停止为电池充电)。控制器710也能够将关于APU系统是否具有足够的电量来满足指定的电量需要这一指示或通知提供给操作员(例如，行程中的或位于目的地的)。根据一些实施例，舒适度参数中的至少一些能够从诸如天气数据源、天气预报、位置信息和一年中的时间等远程数据源中确定。
根据本发明的一些实施例，控制器710能够是连接的外部传感器(或提供对传感器数据进行访问的系统，诸如智能手机或移动GPS设备等)，诸如加速度计、陀螺仪、温度传感器、轮胎压力传感器、燃料液位传感器、倾斜度传感器和GPS设备，这些外部传感器将传感器信息提供至控制器710以使控制器710能够进一步优化机动车辆系统和APU充电系统的操作。因此，例如，燃料液位信息能够结合天气(或温度)和地图(或地理定位)数据而被使用，从而诸如通过脱离发动机上的任何充电负载(包括发动机交流发电机)来确保发动机以足够高的效率水平操作，以使机动车辆能够在不耗尽燃料的情况下行进至下一个燃料补给站，所述充电负载可能减少燃料，使得机动车辆到达下一个燃料补给站前耗尽燃料。根据一些实施例，地图或地理定位和交通数据或倾斜度或加速度计数据能够用来将动力发电机760置于制动模式，该制动模式增加传动系上的负载，以在斜坡上或在交通堵塞中提供额外的制动动力来更好地控制机动车辆。
根据本发明的一些实施例，机动车辆的包括燃料效率和为APU动力系统充电的能力在内的性能能够对于机动车辆进行的每个旅途按照逐个路线或按照逐个片段来记入日志。该性能信息能够通过网络726上传至中央控制系统，该中央控制系统汇集一个以上机动车辆的性能数据。该性能数据能够被分析以识别提供更好的燃料效率和/或为APU电池系统充电的更好的机会的路线和/或路线的片段，并且针对各路线和/或路线的各片段关联性能、优先级和/或排名值。性能、优先级和/或排名值的信息能够下载至控制器710，并且控制器710使用该信息来选择用于行程的路线和路线片段。
根据本发明的一些实施例，动力发电机能够用来提供制动辅助。当操作员从加速器(例如，油门)移开他们的脚时，发动机充当制动且开始使车辆减速。一些长途运输卡车装备有发动机制动(例如，Jake制动)，该制动通过减小发动机气缸中的压缩来增加发动机在车辆的向前运动上具有的阻力。考虑到8级卡车的重量特征，这通常是期望的结果。根据本发明的一些实施例，能够通过控制器710提供制动效果。例如，通过将额外的充电量或负载添加至动力发电机、增加发电机中的阻力且随后产生更多电力，能够按照需要放大系统的制动效果以创建电子“Jake”制动。
然而，在操作员已经从油门移开他们的脚的期间内发动机对于向前移动的阻力也能够限制为产生电力而能够再取得的能量的量。为了克服能量和燃料经济性的损失，机动车辆变速器能够包括脱离驱动轴的自由轮或超越离合器，这使发动机与变速器分离，从而消除发动机制动效果。此时，卡车借助由车辆的质量和速度确定的力正在移动，仅通过像轮胎在路面上的可忽略的阻力一样的滚动阻力因素来减速。根据本发明的一些实施例，与通过超越离合器使变速器与发动机脱离的同时，能够接合通过动力发电机的电子制动，这是得益于旋转动力发电机可使用的力的增大以及产生的电量的增大。在本实施例中，动力发电机的制动效果替代发动机的制动效果。
根据本发明的一些实施例，自由轮“汽车离合器”系统添加至机动车辆的变速器，以使操作员能够选择操作模式(通过与自由轮的使用接合和脱离的电子开关或机械杆)，从而使操作员能够通过使用自由轮系统来增加系统的再生能力。
通过自身性质，自由轮机构充当自动离合器，从而可以在不解除对离合器踏板的按压的情况下，通过升档或降档来改变手动齿轮箱中的齿轮。例如，自由轮系统能够通过操作员对杆进行推或拉来接合或脱离。这将以自由轮轮毂来锁定或解锁主轴。自由轮能够对碳化物发动机(发动机制动时不断开燃料)产生更好的燃料经济性且对手动离合器产生更小的磨损，但是能够导致制动器的更多磨损，因为不再有进行发动机制动的能力。这能够使自由轮变速器用在多山地区驾驶的机动车辆上是危险的，因为制动器长久和连续地用于限制车辆速度能够导致制动系统过热和可能的整体系统故障。根据本发明的系统能够使用动力发电机来替代发动机作为制动器，从而通过接合电动机/交流发电机来节约燃料和使车辆减速，这样的接合在不消耗燃料的情况下将阻力添加至机动车辆的向前运动。获取的力能够用来产生电力，电力提高系统的总体效率。
其它实施例在本发明的范围和实质内。例如，由于软件的性质，上述的功能能够使用软件、硬件、固件、硬配线或它们中的任何组合来实现。用于实现功能的特征件也可以物理地位于各种位置，包括是分布式的以使一部分功能在不同的物理位置来实现。
此外，虽然上面的说明参照本发明，但是该说明可以包括一个以上发明。

Claims (20)

1.一种用于机动车辆的辅助动力系统，所述辅助动力系统包括：
发动机，所述发动机连接至变速器和驱动轴，所述驱动轴将所述变速器连接至差速器，从而传输所述发动机的旋转动力以使一个或多个驱动轮旋转；
所述驱动轴，所述驱动轴包括驱动元件，所述驱动元件耦接至动力发电机以将来自所述驱动轴的旋转动力传输至动力发电机，所述动力发电机电连接至一个或多个电池并且产生电能为所述电池充电。
2.根据权利要求1所述的辅助动力系统，其中，所述驱动元件包括驱动皮带轮和驱动皮带。
3.根据权利要求1所述的辅助动力系统，其中，所述驱动元件包括驱动齿轮和副驱动轴。
4.根据权利要求1所述的辅助动力系统，还包括当安装在动力传动系中时能够创建动力输出的装置，所述装置包括与皮带轮、链轮或齿轮结合的装入在垫圈中的多个轴承。
5.根据权利要求1所述的辅助动力系统，还包括：
控制器，所述控制器连接至所述动力发电机且控制所述动力发电机的至少一个操作模式。
6.根据权利要求5所述的辅助动力系统，其中，所述控制器连接至一个或多个传感器，且所述控制器被构造为根据所述一个或多个传感器中的至少一个传感器来控制所述动力发电机。
7.根据权利要求6所述的辅助动力系统，其中，所述控制器连接至加速度计且接收来自所述加速度计的加速度数据；且其中，当所述加速度数据表明所述加速度计具有大于预定阈值的倾斜角度时，所述控制器控制所述动力发电机产生动力。
8.根据权利要求7所述的辅助动力系统，其中，当所述加速度数据表明所述加速度计具有小于预定阈值的倾斜角度时，所述控制器控制所述动力发电机停止产生动力。
9.根据权利要求6所述的辅助动力系统，其中，所述控制器连接至加速踏板位置传感器且接收来自所述加速踏板位置传感器的加速器位置数据；且其中，当所述加速器位置数据表明所述加速踏板被解除按压时，所述控制器控制所述动力发电机产生动力。
10.根据权利要求9所述的辅助动力系统，其中，当所述加速器位置数据表明所述加速踏板被按压时，所述控制器控制所述动力发电机停止产生动力。
11.根据权利要求5所述的辅助动力系统，其中，所述控制器连接至机动车辆的发动机控制单元(ECU)且接收来自所述ECU的ECU数据；且其中，当所述ECU数据表明所述机动车辆以高效率模式操作时，所述控制器控制所述动力发电机产生动力。
12.根据权利要求11所述的辅助动力系统，其中，当所述ECU数据表明所述机动车辆以低效率模式操作时，所述控制器控制所述动力发电机停止产生动力。
13.根据权利要求5所述的辅助动力系统，其中，所述控制器连接至机动车辆的全球定位系统(GPS)且接收来自所述GPS的GPS数据；且其中，当所述GPS数据表明所述机动车辆下坡移动时，所述控制器控制所述动力发电机产生动力。
14.根据权利要求13所述的辅助动力系统，其中，当所述GPS数据表明所述机动车辆上坡移动时，所述控制器控制所述动力发电机停止产生动力。
15.一种用于机动车辆的辅助动力系统，所述辅助动力系统包括：
发动机，所述发动机连接至变速器和动力传动系，所述动力传动系将所述变速器连接至差速器，从而传输所述发动机的旋转动力以使一个或多个驱动轮旋转；
所述动力传动系，所述动力传动系包括发电机，所述发电机包括磁转子驱动器和定子，所述磁转子耦接至所述动力传动系且被构造为相对于所述动力传动系旋转，所述定子被构造为围绕所述转子且从旋转的所述转子产生电能。
16.根据权利要求15所述的辅助动力系统，其中，所述磁转子直接安装在所述动力传动系上，以随着所述动力传动系旋转。
17.根据权利要求15所述的辅助动力系统，其中，所述转子通过驱动机构连接至所述动力传动系。
18.根据权利要求17所述的辅助动力系统，其中，所述驱动机构包括皮带和皮带轮驱动机构。
19.根据权利要求17所述的辅助动力系统，其中，所述驱动机构包括链条和链轮驱动机构。
20.根据权利要求17所述的辅助动力系统，其中，所述驱动机构包括环和副齿轮驱动机构。
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