CN1077037C - 用于复合材料制造的工具装置 - Google Patents
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- B29C70/34—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation
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- B29C51/26—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
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- B29C70/443—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding and impregnating by vacuum or injection
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- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
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- B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
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- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于制造复合材料,特别是层状结构的复合材料的工具。该工具装置将复合材料密封,并利用加在材料上的压力(大气压力、诱导的气体压力或机械压力),在抽气和/或固结过程中,将该复合材料保持在规定位置上。
Description
本发明涉及一种用于复合材料制造的工具装置,更具体地说,涉及一种工具,它在诸如抽气和固结的制造处理工序过程中,可将要制造的复合材料密封起来,并保持在规定位置。
在现有技术中,已知通过首先对复合材料抽气,接着进行固结,可以使包括多层纤维和基体一起的复合材料固结。这些形式的复合材料表示在图1中,图中,复合材料用标号10表示。复合材料10包括许多层状结构的纤维1,其周围是基体3。
一般,纤维1和基体3用粘接剂5固定在一起,通常将这种结构称为未加工的结构(green form),参见图2中标号20。通常,粘接剂5为溶解在溶剂中的有机材料,未加工的结构20放在一个工具中,并受真空作用,以除去未加工结构20中的水分以及粘接剂5的有机材料。抽气处理,通过将未加工的结构加热至相应的挥发温度,而使水和粘接剂挥发。
现有技术的工具在这方面的问题之一是,在将复合材料保持在规定位置,使它接着得到固结的同时,不能使可被挥发的水和粘接剂除去。在现有技术的装置中,复合材料要移动,而这会破坏其中的增强材料。例如图1中的复合材料10中的纤维1的方向和间隔。这种破坏使固结的复合材料的成品特性比理想的要差。
这样,就需要提供一种改进的工具装置,它不但可使可被挥发的水和粘接剂除去,而且可以在抽气和固结过程中,保持该未加工的结构在规定的位置。
作为对这种需要的回应,本发明提供了一种工具装置,它可克服上述现有技术装置的缺陷。即,根据本发明,该发明的工具装置包括一些特点,这些特点不但可使抽气能够进行,而且可将复合材料保持在规定位置,结果复合材料可以受到抽气和固结二种作用。
相应地,本发明的第一个目的是要提供一种工具装置,用于制造层状结构的材料或复合材料。
本发明的另一个目的是要提供一种工具装置,该装置可以通过在抽气和固结过程中,使用一种对复合材料加压力的装置,将复合材料密封起来,进行抽气和固结。
本发明还有一个目的是要提供一种工具装置,它可使工具装置的抽气腔容易进行抽真空。
本发明再有一个目的是要提供一种装置,它使用大气压力作为加载装置,与抽真空结合,以便保持或固定复合材料,进行抽气和接着进行固结。
当进行说明时,本发明的其他目的和优点将会变得清楚起来。
为了达到上述目的和优点,从广义上说,本发明提供了一种真空工具装置,它使用一个挠性袋,该挠性袋由金属材料制成,该金属材料具有较低的隙间气体含量。该袋子形成一个腔,腔的尺寸可容纳含有有机材料的复合材料,该复合材料则要经受抽气和固结作用。该袋子具有一定厚度和挠性,当该腔抽真空时,该袋子可使大气压力将复合材料保持在规定位置。该工具装置在袋子上还包括至少一个抽真空口,以对该腔进行抽真空。除了一个或多个抽真空口以外,该袋子是沿着其周边密封的。
在一个实施例中,该抽真空口包括与该挠性袋连接的管子。
在第二个实施例中,该抽真空口包括一个在袋子上的孔,该孔包括将孔与真空源连接的装置。在这个实施例中,还设有一个快速接头,使该袋子的内部与真空源的连接容易进行。
在第三个实施例中,该容纳要抽真空的复合材料的腔由框架、柱塞密封袋和一个或多个抽真空口形成。框架包围着要进行抽气和固结的复合材料。柱塞在复合材料的顶部和底部提供了一个加载力/约束力。密封袋与框架一起形成一个腔。密封着复合材料和柱塞用以抽真空。抽真空口可以作成框架的一部分以对上述的腔抽真空。该框架还可以包括一个或多个隔套,其形状一般为画框形,可以调整工具装置的厚度,以容纳柱塞厚度及要制造的复合材料的未加工厚度和最终厚度。
在本发明的第四个实施例中,使用对第三个实施例所述的工具装置与另一个密封袋结合。在这个实施例中,在密封袋中包含多个柱塞中的一个柱塞,然后,将该密封袋通过抽真空口与真空源连接。在第三个实施例中抽真空的腔,在第四个实施例中加有压力。这个腔中的压力与密封在抽真空的密封袋中的柱塞一起可在抽气和固结过程中将复合材料保持在规定的位置。
在本发明的第五个实施例中,设有机械加载装置,它与一个或二个柱塞一起可在抽真空过程中调节作用在复合材料上的负载。这种机械加载装置用在根据第三个实施例的装置中。
在第六个实施例中,该工具装置包括一个基座平板,它可容纳一块或多块复合材料。复合材料用密封的片材覆盖以形成一个腔。该腔可与对以上第一和第二实施例所述的腔一样进行抽真空。密封片材通过密封装置固定在基座平板上。然后,该基座平板与包围复合材料的密封片材一起,如同在第四个实施例中所述那样,安装在框架组件上。然后,对该框架组件加压,以在装有复合材料的抽真空腔上提供必要的压力用于脱气和固结。
现在结合附图描述本发明的优选实施例,附图中:
图1为适用于本发明的工具装置中的复合材料的截面图;
图2为图1的复合材料的未加工的结构的截面图;
图3a为本发明的工具装置的第一个实施例的截面图;
图3b为图3a所示实施例的俯视图;
图4a为本发明的工具装置的第二个实施例的截面图;
图4b为图4a的实施例的俯视图;
图4c为图4a所示的细部A的放大图;
图4d为沿着图4b的IV-IV线所取的截面图;
图5为图4a的抽真空口的截面图,它表示一个示范应用;
图6a为本发明的第二个实施例中所用的快速接头的俯视图;
图6b为沿着图6a的VI-VI线所取的截面图;
图6c为图6a和6b所示的快速接头的侧视图;
图7a为本发明的工具装置的第三个实施例的截面图;
图7b为图7a所示实施例的俯视图;
图8为本发明的工具装置的第四个实施例的截面图;
图9为本发明的工具装置的第五个实施例的截面图;以及
图10为本发明的工具装置的第六个实施例的截面图。
从广义上说,本发明的工具装置提供了一种在抽气和接下来的固结过程中将复合材料保持在规定位置上的方法。在包围复合材料的空间中形成真空,因此,大气压力、所加的气体压力、机械加载或它们的综合加在复合材料上,使复合材料保持在规定位置。或者大气压力、所加的气体压力或是机械加载均可在抽气和接下来的固结过程中使复合材料保持在规定位置。这样,在抽气和固结过程中均可避免精确对准的复合材料组分的任何移动,从而可以生产出高质量的复合材料。
应当了解,适合使用本发明的工具装置的复合材料可以为任何已知的要经受抽气和固结作用的复合材料。一般,这些复合材料包括一种增强的材料,它可以或者是纤维、金属须、粉末或类似物。增强材料可以包括碳、碳化硅、硼、氧化铝、石墨、氮化硅。通常,增强材料是与基体组合在一起的,该基体可以是金属的或非金属的。基体材料的典型例子包括铝、镁、钛合金或类似物。应当了解,本发明的工具装置不局限于任何特定形式的复合材料。
当将复合材料放在本发明的工具装置中时,用于使复合材料抽气或固结的技术在技术上也是现有的,因此,为了理解本发明,不需要进一步的说明。对于本发明的工具装置,可以使用任何常规形式的抽气和/或固结处理。
现在参照图3a和3b,通常,本发明的工具装置的第一个实施例由标号30标注,并且可看出,它包括一个薄的密封袋31,该密封袋装着复合材料的预型件33。另外,还设有一根抽真空管35。虽然,图中只表示了一根抽真空管,假如需要的话,可以使用多于一根的抽真空管。
密封袋31和抽真空管35由有延展性的、隙间气体含量低的材料例如,NICKEL270(最少含99.97%的镍)制成。对于这种应用场合,“隙间气体含量低的材料”为其中反应气体总量小于2000ppm(百万分之2000)的材料。通常,这些反应气体包括氧、氮、含碳气体和氢或含氢气体。本发明的工具装置的材料应为隙间气体含量低的材料,使得当该材料受到真空作用时,复合材料不会受到密封袋或抽真空管材料内所含的任何气体的不利影响。
一般,密封袋的厚度在0.00508~0.1524厘米(0.002~0.060英寸)范围内,最好是在0.0127~0.0762厘米(0.005~0.03英寸)范围内。在一个优选实施例中,除了抽真空管35连接处以外,密封袋31在其边缘周围是真空焊接的。在将抽真空管35与密封袋焊接之前,要把管子的一端压扁,参见图3a,使得在密封袋内的那部分管子,在接下去进行的处理过程中,不会造成密封袋撕破。
最好,密封袋31应具有下列特性:
1.在室温下有足够的可延展性,以便能围绕要制造的物品成形;
2.隙间气体含量低;
3.能够自身相互焊接和与抽气管材料焊接;
4.不污染或不与成品材料形成合金;
5.厚度在适当的范围内[0.00508~0.1524厘米(0.002~0.060英寸)];和
6.能够承受成品的处理温度,而不会撕破或产生裂纹。
对抽真空管材料的要求如下:
1.室温下有足够的可延展性,以便压扁而不产生裂纹;
2.隙间气体含量低;
3.能与自身和密封袋材料焊接;
4.能够进行机械加工例如,热或冷的卷曲,以便与自身形成一个扩散接头;和
5.能够承受成品的处理温度,而不会撕破或产生裂纹。
一般,将抽真空管35焊接在密封袋材料的一片上,接着将复合材料33放在该片材料的中心。然后,将密封袋材料的第二片与第一片和抽真空管焊接。为了使该工具能很好地工作,当焊接时,密封袋必需是防氦泄漏的。
一旦密封袋和抽真空管作成防氦泄漏的,该袋形成放置复合材料33的腔,则要对该复合材料抽气,以除去任何粘接剂、水分或类似物。当该密封袋31抽真空时,作用在密封袋31上的大气压力,使该袋围绕着复合材料33成形,从而将复合材料锁定在规定位置上。结果,复合材料得以固定,并且在抽气工序过程中,复合材料组份不会移动。
虽然,作为形成放置复合材料的腔的一种方法,提到了焊接,但是可以使用任何已知的方法去形成用于容纳复合材料的泄漏不可穿透的腔。
现参见图4a~4d,一般,本发明的工具装置的第二个实施例用标号30'标注。在这个实施例中,密封袋31'作成带有腿部37;该腿部37的末端包括一个用于获得上述内部真空的装置39。在这个实施例中,密封袋31'的抽真空是通过袋的表面,而不是如图3a和3b所示的第一个实施例中所述的边缘而实现的。
根据第二个实施例,抽真空装置39包括在密封袋顶片43上的孔41。在孔的周围设有O形密封圈45。O形密封圈也包括使用密封垫片,并应能在整个抽气过程中保持真空。O形密封圈也可以在二片密封袋材料之间使用垫片,使真空可以加到复合材料上。袋的材料也必需能够密封,使得在O形密封圈破坏后,复合材料仍保持在真空之下。垫片的材料应能承受抽气处理。
现参照图5,图中示例性的O形密封圈45带有一个金属的O形圈接头47,该接头直接与密封袋顶片43接触。在密封袋片43和43'之间还设有一个二层的垫片。该二层垫片包括一小片薄的隙间气体含量低的钢片49,和一片隙间气体含量低的滤网51。
在使用中,O形密封圈是通过在O形圈接头47和该二层垫片之间挤压密封袋材料43而制成的。滤网51允许抽真空。
虽然,可以利用任何已知的装置实现这种挤压,在图6a~6c中表示了一种优选的密封机构60。在使用中,密封袋31'的腿部37插入由顶板63、底板65和侧面件67构成的腔61中。孔41与O形圈接头47的底部对准,并拧紧螺母69。螺母的拧紧动作压紧在O形接头47和板65之间的密封袋腿部37。在这个压紧过程中,O形圈接头47压紧袋的材料43为真空连接形成必要的密封。
为了容易进行真空连接和达到完全的真空,孔41的位置应在离开密封袋边缘一个预先决定的距离处,这个距离应该与从挡块71至快速接头47的末端的距离相适应。
在使用这种方法抽气之后,袋必需密封,使产品保持在真空之下。这种密封可以用能提供防氦的泄漏的密封的任何方法例如,超声波焊接、等离子电弧焊、卷曲或类似方法来实现。
现在参见图7a和7b,本发明的第三个实施例,一般用标号80标注,它包括一个框架81、一对柱塞83、一个密封袋85和抽真空管87。这个实施例的所有材料都是由隙间气体含量低的材料例如,620钢或真空除气1018钢制成。
框架81可以是包围复合材料33的单片材料,也可以由沿着外侧接缝焊接在一起的四个单独的片制成。
柱塞83可以为堆积的薄片或单一的一片平板毛坯。密封袋85,一般其厚度为0.120英寸也可以由沿着其边缘焊接在一起的多层制成。真空管87为无接缝的厚壁管,它焊接在框架上。框架81还包括一个通道89,它可供由框架81和密封袋85构成的腔91的抽真空之用。
装置80还可包括一个或多个片材93的窄条,窄条为画框形,并放置在框架81和密封袋85之间。窄条93有一定厚度和数量,以容纳柱塞83的厚度。当然,假如需要的话,袋85可以不用隔套93而焊接在相应尺寸的框架81上。
装置80的尺寸取决于要制造的复合材料33的数目和其未加工的和最后的厚度。可以计算包括柱塞和任何隔套的总的堆的未加工厚度和堆的最终厚度。框架厚度确定使得柱塞和框架之间的干涉最小。
除了密封袋不需要在第一个实施例中所要求的可延展性以外,对框架、柱塞,密封袋和抽真空管的要求与第一实施例中所述的要求相同。
根据这个实施例,在抽气过程中,包围复合材料33的框架和在该袋顶部和/或底部加负载的柱塞可以在抽气过程中,防止复合材料33移动。框架81,由于其自身包围着复合材料所以可防止移动,而柱塞则借助通过密封袋85作用在其上的大气压力可防止出现移动。
在抽气之后,将抽真空管87卷曲起来,并密封好,以保持工具内部的真空。
现参见图8,本发明的第四个实施例一般用标号100标注。第四个实施例是上述的第二和第三实施例的综合。在这个装置中,复合材料33也是放在框架81'和柱塞83之间的。在这个实施例中,第二个密封袋95放置在框架81'上,以便将柱塞83密封起来。框架81'有一个通道89',它将由密封袋95形成的腔与真空管87连接起来。
外密封袋85焊接在内密封袋95上,并有开口97,它可供在袋85和95之间的容积99抽真空或加压之用。
内密封袋95也必需满足第一个实施例中所述的对袋材料的要求。外密封袋必需满足第三个实施例所述的密封袋的要求,内密封袋和外密封袋都应是可防氦泄漏的。在这个实施例中,在内密封袋和外密封袋之间应有一个空间,因为,在抽气过程中,容积99要由惰性气体加压至大气压力。这个加压作用,与柱塞83和密封袋95的抽真空一起,有助于在抽气过程中,将复合材料33保持在规定位置上。
现参见图9,第四个实施例的一种变型用标号110标注。在这个实施例中,在柱塞83上可施加夹紧力,该夹紧力可独立地由所诱导产生的大气力调节。更具体地说,将一般为0.0762厘米(0.030英寸)厚的弯曲的金属片111放在柱塞83和外密封袋85之间。该弯曲的金属片111以这种方式放置以便对柱塞施加固定不变的弹性力,但不会使外密封袋与柱塞直接接触。在这个实施例中,容积91可以如图7a所示的实施例所述那样抽真空,同时由弯曲的金属片92对柱塞83施加机械力。应该理解,可以如技术上所熟知的那样,改变片材的规格也可改变所施加的弹性力。
现参见图10,本发明的第六个实施例用标号120标注。在这个实施例中设有基座平板121,它可用作为复合材料板33'的支承。隙间气体含量低的薄的金属薄片123覆盖着每一块复合材料板33'。该薄的金属薄片,通过金属窄条125固定在基座平板121上。金属窄条125使形成金属薄片123对基座平板120的焊接密封容易进行。当采用这种焊接密封时,金属薄片123和基座平板121构成一个腔,该腔可以抽真空。
基座平板121中的通道89"通过真空管87形成连通用于对上述的腔进行抽真空。
密封袋85'与隔套93和基座平板121一起,形成腔127,该腔127可通过开口97加压或抽真空。
如实施例4和5那样,腔127可以加压,以对金属薄片123加载,以便在抽气和/或固结过程中,将复合材料33'保持在规定位置上。
通常,基座平板121的厚度在0.1524厘米(0.06英寸)和3.81厘米(1.5英寸)之间,而薄的金属薄片123可以是镍钛钢或不锈钢。虽然,图10中表示了二块复合材料33',但该工具120也能使用一块单一的复合材料33'。当只使用一块单一的复合材料时,为了保持复合材料的平直度,基座平板的厚度应在上述的厚度范围的上限上。
这样,利用优选实施例对本发明作了说明,这些实施例可实现上述的本发明的每一个目的,并提供了用于复合材料抽气和固结的新的和改进的真空工具装置。
当然,本领域的熟练人员可对本发明作各种各样的改变,改进和变型,而不会偏离本发明的精神和范围。因而,这意味着本发明只受所附权利要求条款的限制。
Claims (9)
1.一种抽气和固结复合材料的工具装置,包括:
(a)一个框架,其尺寸可允许在周边上包围所述复合材料;
(b)一对柱塞,其尺寸可允许与所述复合材料的上表面和下表面接触;
(c)附着在所述框架上的密封片材,所述密封片材和所述框架形成一个腔,容纳所述柱塞和所述复合材料;
(d)至少一个抽真空口,它与所述腔连通,用以对所述腔抽真空,作用在所述密封片材上的大气压力和所述柱塞的重量,在所述抽真空过程中,将所述复合材料保持在规定位置上;
(e)其特征在于,所述框架、柱塞、密封片材和抽真空口都是由隙间气体含量低的材料制成,所述隙间气体总的含量低于2000ppm,所述隙间气体包括氧、氮、含碳气体和氢或含氢气体。
2.如权利要求1所述的工具装置,其特征在于,所述至少一个抽真空口是一根管子,它与所述框架中的一个通道连接,该通道则与所述腔连通。
3.如权利要求1所述的工具装置,其特征在于,它还包括至少一个隔套,该隔套放在所述框架和相应的密封片材之间,所述隔套、所述框架和所述密封片材形成所述腔。
4.如权利要求1所述的工具装置,其特征在于,所述材料是金属。
5.如权利要求4所述的工具装置,其特征在于,所述材料是钛。
6.如权利要求4所述的工具装置,其特征在于,所述材料是钢。
7.如权利要求3所述的工具装置,其特征在于,所述密封片材由弹簧施载压向柱塞,使得在复合材料固化时保持施加在复合材料上的压力负荷。
8.如权利要求7所述的工具装置,其特征在于,所述隔套是用来引起对所述密封片材的弹簧施载。
9.如权利要求1所述的工具装置,其特征在于,它还包括一个挠性密封袋,所述密封袋有另一个腔,一对柱塞中的一个位于该腔中,由所述密封片材和所述框架形成的所述腔包含所述密封袋;一个第二口与所述另一个腔连通,以便在真空抽气过程中,所述另一个腔能被抽真空,并且所述腔能被加压从而将所述复合材料保持在规定位置上。
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US20070117703A1 (en) * | 2005-11-22 | 2007-05-24 | Sealed Air Corporation | Machine and method for converting a web of material into dunnage |
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- 1997-11-14 EP EP97203551A patent/EP0849020B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-14 DE DE69735861T patent/DE69735861T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1997-11-21 CN CN97122160A patent/CN1077037C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-11-21 KR KR1019970061651A patent/KR100263459B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69725540T2 (de) | 2004-08-05 |
ES2239296T3 (es) | 2005-09-16 |
DE69732869T2 (de) | 2006-03-16 |
EP0849020A2 (en) | 1998-06-24 |
US6077066A (en) | 2000-06-20 |
JPH10249950A (ja) | 1998-09-22 |
EP1386678B1 (en) | 2005-03-23 |
US6217310B1 (en) | 2001-04-17 |
DE69732869D1 (de) | 2005-04-28 |
EP1386680A1 (en) | 2004-02-04 |
DE69735861T2 (de) | 2007-05-16 |
EP1386679A1 (en) | 2004-02-04 |
DE69735862T2 (de) | 2007-04-19 |
DE69735862D1 (de) | 2006-06-14 |
DE69725540D1 (de) | 2003-11-20 |
ES2261872T3 (es) | 2006-11-16 |
EP1386680B1 (en) | 2006-05-10 |
KR100263459B1 (ko) | 2000-09-01 |
JP2008179152A (ja) | 2008-08-07 |
KR19980042640A (ko) | 1998-08-17 |
CN1187419A (zh) | 1998-07-15 |
EP1386679B1 (en) | 2006-05-10 |
DE69735861D1 (de) | 2006-06-14 |
ES2264754T3 (es) | 2007-01-16 |
JP4718571B2 (ja) | 2011-07-06 |
EP0849020B1 (en) | 2003-10-15 |
EP0849020A3 (en) | 2001-11-14 |
EP1386678A1 (en) | 2004-02-04 |
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