CN1077004C - 纸板加工机压纸机安全装置 - Google Patents

纸板加工机压纸机安全装置 Download PDF

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CN1077004C
CN1077004C CN95104474A CN95104474A CN1077004C CN 1077004 C CN1077004 C CN 1077004C CN 95104474 A CN95104474 A CN 95104474A CN 95104474 A CN95104474 A CN 95104474A CN 1077004 C CN1077004 C CN 1077004C
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霍坎·普法伊弗
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
    • B30B15/28—Arrangements for preventing distortion of, or damage to, presses or parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B1/00—Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen
    • B30B1/10—Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen by toggle mechanism
    • B30B1/14—Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen by toggle mechanism operated by cams, eccentrics, or cranks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D7/22—Safety devices specially adapted for cutting machines
    • B26D7/24—Safety devices specially adapted for cutting machines arranged to disable the operating means for the cutting member
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
    • B30B15/28—Arrangements for preventing distortion of, or damage to, presses or parts thereof
    • B30B15/285—Arrangements for preventing distortion of, or damage to, presses or parts thereof preventing a full press stroke if there is an obstruction in the working area
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    • F16P3/00—Safety devices acting in conjunction with the control or operation of a machine; Control arrangements requiring the simultaneous use of two or more parts of the body
    • F16P3/12—Safety devices acting in conjunction with the control or operation of a machine; Control arrangements requiring the simultaneous use of two or more parts of the body with means, e.g. feelers, which in case of the presence of a body part of a person in or near the danger zone influence the control or operation of the machine
    • F16P3/14—Safety devices acting in conjunction with the control or operation of a machine; Control arrangements requiring the simultaneous use of two or more parts of the body with means, e.g. feelers, which in case of the presence of a body part of a person in or near the danger zone influence the control or operation of the machine the means being photocells or other devices sensitive without mechanical contact
    • F16P3/145—Safety devices acting in conjunction with the control or operation of a machine; Control arrangements requiring the simultaneous use of two or more parts of the body with means, e.g. feelers, which in case of the presence of a body part of a person in or near the danger zone influence the control or operation of the machine the means being photocells or other devices sensitive without mechanical contact using magnetic technology
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    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/081—With randomly actuated stopping means
    • Y10T83/086—With sensing of product or product handling means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明涉及纸板加工压纸机(5)中避免夹纸杆被压坏的安全装置。压纸机包括固定的上压板(12)和由一传动装置(15～20)周期性地升起的活动下压板(10)。安全装置包括一个紧急状态传感器(30)，其形式是在压纸机(5)出口水平面上直接检读夹纸杆通过与否的一个传感元件(30)。该传感元件触发装于下压板传动装置中的紧急制动装置(36)的转换器(34)。检读传感元件最好靠近金属物体的一个感应传感器。

Description

纸板加工机压纸机安全装置
本发明涉及诸如纸板或纸张的纸板加工机的压纸机中避免夹纸杆受到损坏的安全装置。
这种加工机通常首先包括一台装有纸叠的送纸台，每张纸逐张从纸叠上取下以送往引纸边缘板。在沿一横杆安装的一系列纸夹夹住纸张前边缘之前，引纸边缘板上的每张纸对着前挡块和侧挡块定位，横杆的每端与一侧向传动链条连接以带动横杆，因而将纸张送往后续的加工台。加工台可以是一台切纸机，随后是废边排出台。这些加工台接下来是接纸台，由纸夹松开的每张纸是角尺定位的且跌落在出纸底托板上堆起的纸叠上。
用于这类机器的压纸机一般包括一下压板，在机器每一循环过程时，下压板升起，直到其平整的上表面将一压力施加在与上压板连接的平板上，固定上压板嵌入切纸台机座的每一边。该活动压板通常在四点升起，每点由连在同一曲轴的连杆推动球形接头。该曲轴自身由一垂直蜗轮(原文为齿轮-译者注)传动，蜗轮与设在下部水平转轴上的蜗杆啮合，蜗杆两端之一与由一台电动机如以皮带传动的飞轮相连。
如容易理解的那样，机器的一个循环相当于曲轴将下压板上升和下降的完整一圈，因而定量为时间和在0至360°之间以“机动角”表示的该循环周期，以建立每一压纸的各元件机和(或)夹纸杆的相继位置的关系，因此，与最终生产率无关。例如，下压板的上止点“θpmh”和下止点“θpmb”分别相当于曲轴的50°和230°，在夹纸杆停止前差一点使纸张定位，而离开压板板的夹纸杆的撤离角“θsor”，相当于298°的角。
生产时，会发生纸张未被纸夹夹住，或两纸张被同时夹住，或纸张中的某一张破了，这总是造成机器中某一工作台的纸张积聚，也称作“塞纸”。这样一种塞纸的出现，可立即解释为在夹纸杆的传动链上造成过度张力。设在传动链上的安全偶合器迅速打开，使链条停止，然后是机器停车。
如果在夹纸杆进入压纸机时发生塞纸，而下压板则接近其下止点，机器足以迅速地全面停车，使得下压板不再能升起。
反之，如果夹纸杆正好在离开压纸机的点时突然发生这样的塞纸，下压板升向其上止点，夹纸杆仍旧有停留在压纸机内的危险，而不能及时停止下压板，后者就会对着上压板将夹纸杆压坏。在能再起动该机器前，当需首先更换已被损坏的夹纸杆，这就明显延长了机器不用的停顿时间。
为了避免这类故障，在压纸机上装一种特殊的安全装置，以使该下压板紧急制动。目前使用的该装置包括链条传动安全偶合器上的一个传感器，检测偶合器的紧急打开。该传感器则将信号传送至一转换装置，转换装置起动装于压纸机曲轴转动上的制动器，例如装在蜗杆轴上、在飞轮上或特别是与飞轮平行地安装的一闸盘上的闭合制动蹄。
然而发现某些压纸机若是运转得令人满意的话，一旦压板的外形、或行程、或传动件、或制动件略作修改，该安全装置却对其他压纸机变得不合适。
本发明的目的是提供一种用于压纸机的、更可靠的、尤其是逆向反应时间更短的安全装置。
该目的是这样来实现的，即一种用于对在固定的上压板与由一传动装置往复升起的活动下压板之间的纸板进行加工的压纸机中避免夹纸杆被压坏的安全装置，所述安全装置包括一个紧急状态传感器，它产生一由一驱动转换器的控制器处理的信号，该转换器控制装于下压板传动装置中的紧急制动装置，其中，所述紧急状态传感器是一个设置在压纸机出口点处直接检读夹纸杆通过与否的传感元件。
由于有了该合理定位的瞬间反应传感元件，不再需要考虑在夹纸杆故障停车和一全面检测在机后位于传动链水平面上的安全偶合器出现这种状况之间，有一个等待角的时限“Ddetec”。
该传感器可以是一个接收夹纸杆对光源反射的光电元件，或者是一个机械形开关，其杠杆由夹纸杆的通过被推动。然而，为了顾及可靠性和成本，传感元件最好是一种感应传感器，它对与传动链连接的夹纸杆构成的金属物体附近的通道起反作用。
最佳实施方式是，检读的传感元件设于夹纸杆的正常通道上，夹纸杆角位置“θlect”超前于角位置“θecra”，后者相应于压纸机两压板之间的间距变得小于夹杆的厚度的时刻，该滞后时限等于转换器反应时间的“Dcommut”时限与该紧急制动装置将下压板停下为止的下压板制动的“Dfrein”时限之和。
换言之，夹纸杆的检读传感元件有一种瞬时反应，可以尽可能迟地才起动下压板的紧急制动，用以避免一切受破坏的危险：即如果和仅仅如果夹纸杆总是未通过，在下压板开始碰到夹纸杆前只不过存在下压板停车的最小时限。“尽可能迟”的这种检读使传感元件可尽量靠近压纸机出纸口，在夹纸杆停止还不可避免的情况下，只存在最小危险段。
显然，夹纸杆离开压纸板的角瞬间“θsor”早说由压坏夹纸杆的角瞬间“θecra”所决定了的，它意味着在加工纸板之前，就让夹纸杆正常地离开。因而有利的是，下压板的转换器和制动装置均优选，使其反应时间之和“Dcommut＋Dfrein”短于瞬间角度“θecra-θsor”之间所含时限。在此情况下，传感元件正好位于离开压纸机处，夹杆通过的检读证实了夹纸杆实际上已离开了压板。
研究了无限定性的实施方式和附图的图解后，将更好地理解本发明，图中：
图1是按照本发明及其技术构成带有紧急制动装置的压纸机侧向示意图，及
图2是下压板根据机动角θ移位H的曲线图。
图1表示的压纸机5包括水平固定的上压板12和垂直移位的水平活动下压板10。当下压板在低位时，一张纸或纸板2通过由一链传动装置7拖动的夹纸杆8而被引导到两压板之间。固定压板12的下表面包括一组刀或一块印版，活动下压板10在升程终止时将纸张2紧压住这组刀或印版。
如图示下压板由四个球形接头16推动，所有球形接头均通过与同一中心曲轴17连接的连杆15而周期性地折迭。该曲轴17由一垂直蜗轮18(原文是齿轮——译者注)拖动旋转，蜗轮自身与属于一传动装置20的水平的下部蜗杆啮合。
这些纸张加工机以高速运转，他们中的一台在加工过程中的故障引起纸张破损或堵塞时，很快就造成后续纸张堆拢和机器堵塞。该堵塞通过一传动链条7过度拉紧而几乎瞬时地表现出来，这促使弹性安全偶合器28的打开，安全偶合器装在链条运动中的上游或下游的齿轮之一的传动装置中。于是夹纸杆8会重新在上压板12和下压板10之间停下，当压纸机闭合时，就有被压断的强烈危险。
为了避免这样的压缩断裂，现在设计的安全装置包括一个装在弹性安全耦合器28上，并立即触发它打开的第一断路器26。该断路器26发出的信号促使电能、液压或风动的转换器打开，操纵装在活动下压板10的蜗杆20传动装置中的紧急制动器22。
反之，按照本发明的安全装置是基于位于压纸机5出口的检读元件30，能够检测其在夹纸杆8附近的通道。多次试验后，证实对于由与传动链连接的夹纸杆所构成的金属物体通路具有敏感性的感应传感器在机器处于多尘和高温环境下运行时是特别成功的。此外，这样一个传感器丝毫不牵连到机械接触，这就避免了任何磨损。传感元件30发出的信号传输给比较电路32，比较电路另外还接收曲轴17的角度位置指令。该比较电路32的输出信号输给与转换器24相似的转换器34，从而操纵与上述的紧急制动器22相似的紧急制动器36。
按照本发明，该安全装置的优点在于阅读根据曲轴17转角θ而定的活动下压板10行程H，将更明显突出图2上表示的运转特性。
在曲线图上，首先看到分别在50°和230°机动角的压板的上止点PMH和下止点PMB。另外，下压板到达了夹纸杆下部的标高，该标高等于PMH减去夹纸杆的厚度，在PMH之前的约80°即在332°左右。该角瞬间定名为θecra，因为它相当于压纸机内还完好的夹纸杆被压坏的开始。然而，正常运转中，预计该夹纸杆在角瞬间θsor到298°左右前就离开了压纸板。
按照技术构成带有安全装置的压纸机中角瞬间“1”出现堵塞的例子中，可看到在链条终点的弹性安全耦合器28水平面上的断路器26触发所需的时限θdetect，加上电路24转换时限Dcommut，最后加上紧急制动装置22的制动时限Dfrein的累计比夹纸杆碰到压板前必需的时限长得多，而夹纸杆实际上在全速时被压坏。
反之，传感元件30及其比较电路32的反应是瞬时的，传感元件位于压纸机5中夹纸杆8通过的地方，夹纸杆通过的角瞬时“2”相当于角瞬时θerca减去电路34的转换时限Dcommut和紧急制动装置36的制动时限Dfrein。
于是，如果比较器发现瞬间“2”夹纸杆8始终未在传感元件30前通过，断定会出现堵塞，就立即起动活动下压板10的紧急制动装置，在夹纸杆8几乎到达前就紧急停车。因此，夹纸杆丝毫不可能被压坏。
尤其是，转换电路34、制动装置36甚至用象风动的最慢反应的能源也证明能优化，使得该时限Dcommut＋Dfrein低于将角瞬间θsor和角瞬间θecra分开的34°时限。这就意味着检读传感元件30正好处于压纸机5之外而直接位于出口处。因而在压纸板出口终点的任何不肯定的临界段(在该区段未检测到夹纸杆是停止的还是被压坏的)得以消除。
在权利要求范围内可进行该安全装置的许多改进。

Claims (4)

1.一种用于对在固定的上压板与由一传动装置往复升起的活动下压板之间的纸板进行加工的压纸机中避免夹纸杆被压坏的安全装置，所述安全装置包括一个紧急状态传感器，它产生一由一驱动转换器的控制器处理的信号，该转换器控制装于下压板传动装置中的紧急制动装置，其特征在于，所述紧急状态传感器是一个设置在压纸机出口点处直接检读夹纸杆通过与否的传感元件。
2.按照权利要求1的安全装置，其特征在于，所述检读传感元件是一个靠近金属物体的感应传感器。
3.按照权利要求1的安全装置，其特征在于，所述检读传感元件位于夹纸杆的正常通道上，夹纸杆角位置“θlect”超前于角位置“θecra”，该“θecra”与压纸机两压板之间的间距变得小于夹杆的厚度之际相当，该滞后时限至少等于转换器反应时间的“Dcommut”时限与通过所述紧急制动装置将下压板停下为止的下压板制动时间的“Dfrein”时限之和。
4.按照权利要求3的安全装置，其特征在于，所述转换器和下压板的紧急制动装置是这样工作的，即使得它们反应时间之和“Dcommut＋Dfrein”短于瞬间角度“θecra-θsor”之间所包括的时限，“θsor”相应于夹纸杆离开压纸机的正常角位置。
CN95104474A 1994-05-24 1995-05-24 纸板加工机压纸机安全装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1077004C (zh)

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CH01592/94A CH689975A5 (fr) 1994-05-24 1994-05-24 Dispositif de sécurité dans une presse à platine de traitement d'éléments en plaque.
CH01592/94-3 1994-05-24
CH01592/943 1994-05-24

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BR9502513A (pt) 1995-12-26
ES2130467T3 (es) 1999-07-01
CA2149975C (en) 1999-02-23
JPH07314200A (ja) 1995-12-05
JP2937806B2 (ja) 1999-08-23
DE69508654T2 (de) 1999-09-09
CA2149975A1 (en) 1995-11-25
AU1798795A (en) 1995-11-30
EP0685305A1 (fr) 1995-12-06
KR950031492A (ko) 1995-12-18
DE69508654D1 (de) 1999-05-06
CH689975A5 (fr) 2000-02-29
EP0685305B1 (fr) 1999-03-31
CN1115737A (zh) 1996-01-31
AU678700B2 (en) 1997-06-05
ATE178254T1 (de) 1999-04-15
US5575202A (en) 1996-11-19
KR0173045B1 (ko) 1999-02-18
TW336183B (en) 1998-07-11

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