CN107649141A - 钕、镍共掺铁酸铋光催化剂及其复合催化剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
钕、镍共掺铁酸铋光催化剂及其复合催化剂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910002554 Fe(NO3)3·9H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrosoferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910003205 Nd(NO3)3·6H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229940056319 ferrosoferric oxide Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 22
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 20
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 20
- CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M methylene blue Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 229960000907 methylthioninium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 229910002902 BiFeO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001206 Neodymium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002079 cooperative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007775 ferroic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- JGJGLMZEXTZURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Nd] JGJGLMZEXTZURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种钕、镍共掺铁酸铋的制备方法,先配制KOH溶液,然后加入Bi(NO3)3·5H2O、Fe(NO3)3·9H2O、Nd(NO3)3·6H2O和Ni(NO3)2·6H2O,将它们溶解于上述KOH溶液中,超声后搅拌至均匀的悬浊液,将所得悬浊液进行水热反应,然后自然冷却至室温,得到的反应液用去离子水超声洗涤,静置,倒去上层清液,所得沉淀干燥即得钕、镍共掺铁酸铋粉体。本发明还提供了一种钕、镍共掺铁酸铋/四氧化三铁复合光催化剂的制备方法,在上述的悬浊液中加入FeSO4,制备获得钕、镍共掺铁酸铋与四氧化三铁复合光催化剂。本发明所制备的催化剂粉体粒径小、光催化活性高。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于光催化领域,涉及一种催化剂,具体来是一种钕、镍共掺铁酸铋光催化剂及其复合催化剂的制备方法。
背景技术
铁酸铋(BiFeO3)具有钙钛矿结构,禁带宽度较窄,约2.18eV。研究显示,BiFeO3在光催化领域拥有好的应用前景,是室温下几乎唯一稳定存在的多铁性材料,为数不多可反复使用的光催化剂。BiFeO3可响应传统光催化剂TiO2无法响应的红外光。离子掺杂可改善BiFeO3光催化性,加快催化速度,掺镍可增强其磁性利于其反复利用,掺钕可通过与镍离子的协同效应增加其催化活性,通过与四氧化三铁的复合加强光催化材料的可回收性。
合成铁酸铋的常见方法有溶胶凝胶法、熔盐法、水热法。溶胶凝胶法合成的铁酸铋粉体易团聚,工艺难以控制,使用的辅助剂通常为柠檬酸,成本高。熔盐法制得的铁酸铋纯度低,杂质进入晶胞难以去除。现有水热法使用NaOH为矿化剂,合成的铁酸铋系粉体纯度低,粒径大,常需调节pH值以抑制杂质生成。
综上所述,目前离子掺杂的铁酸铋光催化剂存在粉体粒径大、磁性低等问题。本发明主要解决解决离子掺杂铁酸铋光催化剂粉体粒径大、回收性低的问题,同时水热工艺过程更加优化、简便,无需另外调节pH值。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种钕、镍共掺铁酸铋光催化剂及其复合催化剂的制备方法,所述的这种钕、镍共掺铁酸铋光催化剂及其复合催化剂的制备方法要解决现有技术中的离子掺杂铁酸铋光催化活性不够强及磁性弱、不易回收的技术问题。
本发明提供了一种钕、镍共掺铁酸铋光催化剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)一个配制浓度为7-15mol/L的KOH溶液的步骤;
2)按Bi:Nd:Fe:Ni=0.95:0.05:(1-x):x的摩尔比称取Bi(NO3)3·5H2O、Fe(NO3)3·9H2O、Nd(NO3)3·6H2O和Ni(NO3)2·6H2O,x为0.01-0.1,将上述原料溶解于步骤1)的KOH溶液中,超声后搅拌至均匀的悬浊液;
3)将步骤2)所得的悬浊液在温度为190-240℃进行水热反应9-48h,然后自然冷却至室温,得到反应液;
4)将步骤3)所得反应液用去离子水超声洗涤,静置待上下层明显分离后,倒去上层清液,将所得沉淀在50-120℃温度下干燥,即得钕、镍共掺铁酸铋光催化剂,其表达式为Bi0.95Nd0.05Fe1-xNixO3。
进一步的,所述的Bi(NO3)3·5H2O、Fe(NO3)3·9H2O、Nd(NO3)3·6H2O和Ni(NO3)2·6H2O均为水溶液,其浓度为0.1-0.2mol/L。
本发明还提供了上述的一种钕、镍共掺铁酸铋/四氧化三铁复合光催化剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)一个配制浓度为7-15mol/L的KOH溶液的步骤;
2)按Bi:Nd:Fe:Ni=0.95:0.05:(1-x):x的摩尔比称取Bi(NO3)3·5H2O、Fe(NO3)3·9H2O、Nd(NO3)3·6H2O和Ni(NO3)2·6H2O,x为0.01-0.1,将上述原料溶解于步骤1)的KOH溶液中,超声后搅拌至均匀的悬浊液;
3)称取FeSO4,混合于步骤2)的悬浊液中,其中,Fe(NO3)3·9H2O与FeSO4摩尔比为1:0.003-0.01;
4)将步骤3)所得的悬浊液控制温度为190-240℃进行水热反应9-48h,然后自然冷却至室温,得到反应液;
5)将步骤4)所得反应液用去离子水超声洗涤,静置待上下层明显分离后,倒去上层清液,将所得沉淀在50-120℃温度下干燥,即得钕、镍共掺铁酸铋/四氧化三铁复合光催化剂。
进一步的,所述的Bi(NO3)3·5H2O、Fe(NO3)3·9H2O、Nd(NO3)3·6H2O和Ni(NO3)2·6H2O均为水溶液,其浓度为0.1-0.2mol/L。
本发明的钕镍共掺铁酸铋具有良好的光催化活性;复合光催化剂表现出良好的光催化活性和磁性。
本发明具有产物磁性好,催化效率高,合成方法成本低廉,易于回收,团聚颗粒小的优点。水热工艺过程更加优化、简便,无需另外调节pH值。
通过本发明的方法获得的催化剂具有以下优越性:
(1)粉体矿化程度好,成本低廉。
(2)粉体磁性好,易于回收,可反复使用。
(3)制得的粉体粒径小,为38-42nm;团聚颗粒小。
(4)该粉体光催化活性好。
(4)工艺上优化,更加简便,无需另外调节pH值。
本发明和已有技术相比,其技术进步是显著的。本发明采用复合的方式在共掺杂的基础上进一步增强了铁酸铋光催化材料的光催化活性和磁性,所得粉体颗粒细小,光催化活性好,磁性好,易于回收。
附图说明
图1是Bi0.95Nd0.05Fe0.925Ni0.075O3/Fe3O4复合光催化剂的SEM图,
图2是纯相BiFeO3(BFO)与复合光催化剂的对比降解曲线。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体的实施例并结合附图对本发明作进一步阐述,但并不限制本发明。
实施例1
(1)先配制摩尔浓度7mol/L的KOH溶液;
(2)量取KOH溶液,然后按Bi:Nd:Fe:Ni=0.95:0.05:0.95:0.05的摩尔比称取Bi(NO3)3·5H2O、Fe(NO3)3·9H2O、Nd(NO3)3·6H2O和Ni(NO3)2·6H2O,将它们溶解于上述KOH溶液中,超声10min后搅拌1h得到均匀的悬浊液;
(3)将步骤(2)所得的悬浊液控制温度为190℃进行水热反应10h,然后自然冷却至室温,得到反应液;
(4)将步骤(3)所得反应液用去离子水超声洗涤,静置待上下层明显分离后,倒去上层清液,将所得沉淀在60℃温度下干燥,即得钕、镍共掺铁酸铋光催化剂。
使用日本日立公司生产的D/MAX 2200PC型号的XRD衍射仪进行表征,所得产物为钙钛矿结构,粉体平均粒径40.38nm。使用0.2g粉末对100ml,0.01g/L的亚甲基蓝溶液进行降解,使用安捷伦科技公司生产Cary-5000紫外分光光度计,采用664nm处吸光度进行性能表征,210min降解率为79%,270min降解率为88%,300min降解率为88.4%。
实施例2
本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于KOH浓度为10mol/L,水热条件为反应温度200℃,反应时间12h,Fe(NO3)3·9H2O:Ni(NO3)3·5H2O=0.99:0.01。
(1)先配制摩尔浓度10mol/L的KOH溶液;
(2)量取KOH溶液,然后按Bi:Nd:Fe:Ni=0.95:0.05:0.99:0.01的摩尔比称取Bi(NO3)3·5H2O、Fe(NO3)3·9H2O、Nd(NO3)3·6H2O和Ni(NO3)2·6H2O,将它们溶解于上述KOH溶液中,超声10min后搅拌1h得到均匀的悬浊液;
(3)将步骤(2)所得的悬浊液控制温度为200℃进行水热反应12h,然后自然冷却至室温,得到反应液;
(4)将步骤(3)所得反应液用去离子水超声洗涤,静置待上下层明显分离后,倒去上层清液,将所得沉淀在60℃温度下干燥,即得钕、镍共掺铁酸铋光催化剂。
粉体平均粒径40.38nm。使用0.2g粉末对100ml,0.01g/L的亚甲基蓝溶液进行降解,210min降解率为80%,270min降解率为89%,300min降解率为88.7%。
实施例3
本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于原料按摩尔比Bi:Nd:Fe:Ni=0.95:0.05:0.925:0.075称取。
(1)先配制摩尔浓度7mol/L的KOH溶液;
(2)量取KOH溶液,然后按Bi:Nd:Fe:Ni=0.95:0.05:0.925:0.075的摩尔比称取Bi(NO3)3·5H2O、Fe(NO3)3·9H2O、Nd(NO3)3·6H2O和Ni(NO3)2·6H2O,将它们溶解于上述KOH溶液中,超声10min后搅拌1h得到均匀的悬浊液;
(3)将步骤(2)所得的悬浊液控制温度为190℃进行水热反应10h,然后自然冷却至室温,得到反应液;
(4)将步骤(3)所得反应液用去离子水超声洗涤,静置待上下层明显分离后,倒去上层清液,将所得沉淀在60℃温度下干燥,即得钕、镍共掺铁酸铋光催化剂。
粉体平均粒径40.38nm。使用0.2g粉末对100ml,0.01g/L的亚甲基蓝溶液进行降解,270min降解率为92.3%,300min降解率为93.1%。
实施例4
本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于物料按Bi:Nd:Fe:Ni=0.95:0.05:0.9:0.1称取。
(1)先配制摩尔浓度7mol/L的KOH溶液;
(2)量取KOH溶液,然后按Bi:Nd:Fe:Ni=0.95:0.05:0.9:0.1的摩尔比称取Bi(NO3)3·5H2O、Fe(NO3)3·9H2O、Nd(NO3)3·6H2O和Ni(NO3)2·6H2O,将它们溶解于上述KOH溶液中,超声10min后搅拌1h得到均匀的悬浊液;
(3)将步骤(2)所得的悬浊液控制温度为190℃进行水热反应10h,然后自然冷却至室温,得到反应液;
(4)将步骤(3)所得反应液用去离子水超声洗涤,静置待上下层明显分离后,倒去上层清液,将所得沉淀在60℃温度下干燥,即得钕、镍共掺铁酸铋光催化剂。
粉体平均粒径40.38nm。使用0.2g粉末对100ml,0.01g/L的亚甲基蓝溶液进行降解,270min降解率为91.6%,300min降解率为92.2%。
实施例5
本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于加入了FeSO4,Fe(NO)3·9H2O与FeSO4的摩尔比为1:0.003。
(1)先配制摩尔浓度7mol/L的KOH溶液;
(2)量取KOH溶液,然后按Bi:Nd:Fe:Ni=0.95:0.05:0.95:0.05的摩尔比称取Bi(NO)3·5H2O、Fe(NO)3·9H2O、Nd(NO3)3·6H2O和Ni(NO3)2·6H2O,将它们溶解于上述KOH溶液中,超声后搅拌至均匀的悬浊液;
(3)按Fe(NO)3·9H2O与FeSO4的摩尔比为1:0.003称取FeSO4,加入上述步骤(2)混合液中
(4)将步骤(3)所得的悬浊液控制温度为190℃进行水热反应10h,然后自然冷却至室温,得到反应液;
(5)将步骤(4)所得反应液用去离子水超声洗涤,静置待上下层明显分离后,倒去上层清液,将所得沉淀在60℃温度下干燥,即得钕、镍共掺铁酸铋光催化剂。
粉体平均粒径40.38nm。使用0.2g粉末对100ml,0.01g/L的亚甲基蓝溶液进行降解,复合光催化剂表现出良好的光催化活性和磁性,210min降解率88%,270min降解率为93.4%,300min降解率达到95.5%。
实施例6
本实施例与实施例5的不同之处在于Fe(NO)3·9H2O与FeSO4的摩尔比为1:0.0065。
(1)先配制摩尔浓度7mol/L的KOH溶液;
(2)量取KOH溶液,然后按Bi:Nd:Fe:Ni=0.95:0.05:0.95:0.05的摩尔比称取Bi(NO)3·5H2O、Fe(NO)3·9H2O、Nd(NO3)3·6H2O和Ni(NO3)2·6H2O,将它们溶解于上述KOH溶液中,超声后搅拌至均匀的悬浊液;
(3)按Fe(NO)3·9H2O与FeSO4的摩尔比为1:0.0065称取FeSO4,加入上述步骤(2)混合液中
(4)将步骤(3)所得的悬浊液控制温度为190℃进行水热反应10h,然后自然冷却至室温,得到反应液;
(5)将步骤(4)所得反应液用去离子水超声洗涤,静置待上下层明显分离后,倒去上层清液,将所得沉淀在60℃温度下干燥,即得钕、镍共掺铁酸铋光催化剂。
粉体平均粒径40.38nm。使用0.2g粉末对100ml,0.01g/L的亚甲基蓝溶液进行降解,210min降解率86.9%,270min降解率为92.7%,300min降解率达到94.9%。
实施例7
本实施例与实施例5的不同之处在于Fe(NO3)3·9H2O与FeSO4的摩尔比为1:0.01。
(1)先配制摩尔浓度7mol/L的KOH溶液;
(2)量取KOH溶液,然后按Bi:Nd:Fe:Ni=0.95:0.05:0.95:0.05的摩尔比称取Bi(NO3)3·5H2O、Fe(NO3)3·9H2O、Nd(NO3)3·6H2O和Ni(NO3)2·6H2O,将它们溶解于上述KOH溶液中,超声后搅拌至均匀的悬浊液;
(3)按Fe(NO3)3·9H2O与FeSO4的摩尔比为1:0.01称取FeSO4,加入上述步骤(2)混合液中
(4)将步骤(3)所得的悬浊液控制温度为190℃进行水热反应10h,然后自然冷却至室温,得到反应液;
(5)将步骤(4)所得反应液用去离子水超声洗涤,静置待上下层明显分离后,倒去上层清液,将所得沉淀在60℃温度下干燥,即得钕、镍共掺铁酸铋光催化剂。
粉体平均粒径40.38nm。使用0.2g粉末对100ml,0.01g/L的亚甲基蓝溶液进行降解,210min降解率86.5%,270min降解率为91.4%,300min降解率达到94.2%。
上述实施例的内容仅为本发明构思下的基本说明,而依据本发明的技术方案所作的任何等效变换,均应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种钕、镍共掺铁酸铋光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
1)一个配制浓度为7-15mol/L的KOH溶液的步骤;
2)按Bi:Nd:Fe:Ni=0.95:0.05:(1-x):x的摩尔比称取Bi(NO3)3·5H2O、Fe(NO3)3·9H2O、Nd(NO3)3·6H2O和Ni(NO3)2·6H2O,x为0.01-0.1,将上述原料溶解于步骤1)的KOH溶液中,超声后搅拌至均匀的悬浊液;
3)将步骤2)所得的悬浊液在温度为190-240℃进行水热反应9-48h,然后自然冷却至室温,得到反应液;
4)将步骤3)所得反应液用去离子水超声洗涤,静置待上下层明显分离后,倒去上层清液,将所得沉淀在50-120℃温度下干燥,即得钕、镍共掺铁酸铋光催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种钕、镍共掺铁酸铋光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的Bi(NO3)3·5H2O、Fe(NO3)3·9H2O、Nd(NO3)3·6H2O和Ni(NO3)2·6H2O均为水溶液,其浓度为0.1-0.2mol/L。
3.一种钕、镍共掺铁酸铋/四氧化三铁复合光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
1)一个配制浓度为7-15mol/L的KOH溶液的步骤;
2)按Bi:Nd:Fe:Ni=0.95:0.05:(1-x):x的摩尔比称取Bi(NO3)3·5H2O、Fe(NO3)3·9H2O、Nd(NO3)3·6H2O和Ni(NO3)2·6H2O,x为0.01-0.1,将上述原料溶解于步骤1)的KOH溶液中,超声后搅拌至均匀的悬浊液;
3)称取FeSO4,混合于步骤2)的悬浊液中,其中,Fe(NO3)3·9H2O与FeSO4摩尔比为1:0.003-0.01;
4)将步骤3)所得的悬浊液控制温度为190-240℃进行水热反应9-48h,然后自然冷却至室温,得到反应液;
5)将步骤4)所得反应液用去离子水超声洗涤,静置待上下层明显分离后,倒去上层清液,将所得沉淀在50-120℃温度下干燥,即得钕、镍共掺铁酸铋/四氧化三铁复合光催化剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种钕、镍共掺铁酸铋/四氧化三铁复合光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的Bi(NO3)3·5H2O、Fe(NO3)3·9H2O、Nd(NO3)3·6H2O和Ni(NO3)2·6H2O均为水溶液,其浓度为0.1-0.2mol/L。
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