CN107646056A - 高锰第三代先进高强度钢 - Google Patents

高锰第三代先进高强度钢 Download PDF

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CN107646056A
CN107646056A CN201680027908.9A CN201680027908A CN107646056A CN 107646056 A CN107646056 A CN 107646056A CN 201680027908 A CN201680027908 A CN 201680027908A CN 107646056 A CN107646056 A CN 107646056A
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steel
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total elongation
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L·G·加扎-马蒂内兹
G·A·托马斯
A·S·吉尔
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Cleveland Cliffs Steel Properties Inc
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AK Steel Properties Inc
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    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
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    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
    • C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
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    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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Abstract

高强度钢包含至多约0.25重量％的C、至多约2.0重量％的Si、至多约2.0重量％的Cr、至多14％的Mn和低于0.5％的Ni。它优选具有小于50℃的Ms温度。该高强度钢可以在热轧后具有至少1000MPa的拉伸强度和至少约25％的总伸长率。它可以在热轧后具有至少1200MPa的拉伸强度和至少约20％的总伸长率。

Description

高锰第三代先进高强度钢
优先权
本申请要求2015年5月21日提交的标题为“HIGH MN AUSTENITIC 3RD GENERATIONADVANCED HIGH STRENGTH STEELS”的美国临时申请序列号62/164,643的优先权，其公开内容通过引用并入本文。
背景技术
汽车工业不断寻求更轻而使车辆更节省燃料、并且更坚固而获得增强的耐碰撞性、同时仍然可以成形的更加具有成本效益的钢。第三代的先进高强度钢(AHSS)是呈现出比目前可获得的高强度钢更高的拉伸强度和/或更高的总伸长率的那些钢。这些性质允许钢形成复杂形状，同时提供高强度。本申请中的钢提供期望的第三代先进高强度钢的机械性质，具有高于1000MPa的高拉伸强度和高于15％、并且至多50％或更高的高总伸长率。
奥氏体钢通常具有与高的总伸长率组合的较高的极限拉伸强度。奥氏体微结构是可延展的，并且具有产生高的总拉伸伸长率的潜能。奥氏体微结构有时在室温下不稳定(或是亚稳定的)，并且当钢经受塑性变形时，奥氏体常常转变为马氏体(应力/应变诱导的马氏体)。马氏体是具有更高强度的微结构，并且具有微结构的混合物(例如奥氏体加上马氏体)的组合效应将增大总体拉伸强度。奥氏体的稳定性(或者换句话说，奥氏体在塑性变形过程中将转变成马氏体的可能性)很大程度上取决于其合金内含物。元素如C、Mn、Cr、Cu、Ni、N和Co等被用于使奥氏体热力学稳定。其他元素如Cr、Mo和Si也可用于通过间接作用(如动力学效应)增加奥氏体稳定性。
发明内容
高强度钢包含至多约0.25重量％的C、至多约2.0重量％的Si、至多约2.0重量％的Cr、至多14重量％的Mn和低于0.5重量％的Ni。该高强度钢还可以包含Mo和Cu中的一种或多种。在一些实施方式中，它具有小于50℃的Ms温度。该高强度钢在热轧后可以具有至少1000MPa的拉伸强度和至少约25％的总伸长率。它可以在热轧后具有至少1200MPa的拉伸强度和至少约20％的总伸长率。
具体实施方式
本发明的钢在室温下基本上包含奥氏体微结构。当被塑性地变形时，奥氏体将以也导致高伸长率、或延展性的速率转变成马氏体。控制这种转变的主要合金元素是C和Mn、Cr、和Si。
由于马氏体的强度直接取决于碳含量，所以C的量也可以对钢的最终拉伸强度产生影响。为了保持钢的强度高于1000MPa，碳以至多约0.25重量％的量存在。
Si的一个特性是其抑制碳化物形成的能力，并且它也是固溶体增强剂。硅是铁素体形成剂；然而，发现其降低Ms温度，使奥氏体在室温下稳定。Si以至多约2.0重量％的量被包含。
作为铁素体形成剂、但也通过降低马氏体转变温度(Ms)而使奥氏体稳定的另一种元素是Cr。铬具有其他的钢加工有益特性，如固化过程中增加δ铁素体，其有利于钢的铸造。对于本发明的钢，Cr的量应为至多约2.0重量％。
锰以至多约14重量％存在，以便使至少一些奥氏体在室温下稳定。
设计合金化学使得Ms温度接近或低于室温是可以通过其确保奥氏体将在室温下稳定的一种方式。Ms和合金内含物的关系在以下经验等式中描述：
Ms＝607.8-363.2*[C]-26.7*[Mn]-18.1*[Cr]-38.6*[Si]-962.6*([C]-0.188)2
(等式1)
被认为帮助使奥氏体稳定的其他元素可以被添加到这些合金，如Mo、Cu和Ni。如果添加Ni，则其以小于0.5重量％的量添加。如果添加Mo，则其以小于0.5重量％的量添加。在合金中的一些中添加Al，因为已知它帮助促进δ-铁素体固化，其有利于铸造，并且还提高Ae1和Ae3转变温度。在其他实施方式中，Al可以以至多约2.0重量％的量添加。在其它实施方式中，Al可以以至多约3.25重量％的量添加。在一些实施方式中，Al可以以约1.75-3.25重量％的量添加。
实施例
实施例1
如下加工本发明的合金。使用典型的实验室方法熔化并铸造合金。合金的钢组成在表1中呈现。在热轧前将铸锭重新加热到1250℃的温度。在8个道次(pass)中将铸锭热轧至约3.3mm的厚度，完工温度为900℃。立即将热带置于650℃的炉中，并使其在24小时内冷却至室温以模拟卷取温度和热带卷冷却。
表1.钢熔化分析。
在热带的横向方向上测试机械拉伸性质；性质在表2中呈现。这些热带中的一些显示第三代AHSS拉伸性质，例如合金54、56和59，其表现出高于1000MPa的拉伸强度和约25％的总伸长率。
对于所有表格，YS＝屈服强度；YPE＝屈服点伸长率；UTS＝极限拉伸强度。当存在YPE时，所报告的YS值是上限屈服点，否则在发生连续屈服时报告0.2％的偏置(offset)屈服强度。
表2.热带的机械拉伸性质。
冷却后，对热带进行喷珠处理(bead-blast)和酸洗(pickle)以除去结垢。然后除了在1100℃下退火的合金58以外，通过将热带条材在具有受控气氛的管式炉中经受均热处理(soak)而热处理它们至900℃的奥氏体化温度。从经退火的条材制造拉伸样品，并评估机械拉伸性质。经退火的热带的拉伸性质在表3中呈现。具有更高Mn和更接近室温的Ms温度的合金显示不寻常的性质，具有高的拉伸强度和高的总伸长率值，如合金51、56和59。
表3.经退火的热带的拉伸性质。
然后将包含接近14重量％的Mn的合金(合金51、54、56和59)的经酸洗的热带条材冷轧约50％，至大约1.5mm的最终厚度。通过将经冷轧的条材在具有受控气氛的管式炉中经受均热处理而将它们在900℃的奥氏体化温度下热处理。从经退火的条材制造拉伸样品，评估机械拉伸性质，并在表4中呈现。
表4.经热处理的样品的拉伸性质。
经热处理的样品显示第三代AHSS拉伸性质，例如合金51和56，其表现出1220MPa的UTS和51.8％的总伸长率。

Claims (12)

1.一种高强度钢，其包含至多约0.25重量％的C、至多约2.0重量％的Si、至多约2.0重量％的Cr、至多14％的Mn和低于0.5％的Ni。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高强度钢，其还包含至多约3.25重量％的Al。
3.根据权利要求2所述的高强度钢，其包含至多约2.0重量％的Al。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高强度钢，其包含1.75-3.25重量％的Al。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高强度钢，其还包含至多约0.5重量％的Mo。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高强度钢，其中Ms温度小于50℃。
7.根据权利要求1所述的高强度钢，其中所述钢在热轧后具有至少1000MPa的拉伸强度和至少约25％的总伸长率。
8.根据权利要求1所述的高强度钢，其中所述钢在热轧后具有至少1200MPa的拉伸强度和至少约20％的总伸长率。
9.根据权利要求1所述的高强度钢，其中所述钢在热轧和退火后具有至少1000MPa的拉伸强度和至少约25％的总伸长率。
10.根据权利要求1所述的高强度钢，其中所述钢在热轧和退火后具有至少1200MPa的拉伸强度和至少约20％的总伸长率。
11.根据权利要求1所述的高强度钢，其中所述钢在冷轧和退火后具有至少1000MPa的拉伸强度和至少约25％的总伸长率。
12.根据权利要求1所述的高强度钢，其中所述钢在冷轧和退火后具有至少1200MPa的拉伸强度和至少约20％的总伸长率。
CN201680027908.9A 2015-05-21 2016-05-20 高锰第三代先进高强度钢 Pending CN107646056A (zh)

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