CN107641136B - 二有机基次膦酸盐、其制备方法及其用途 - Google Patents
二有机基次膦酸盐、其制备方法及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107641136B CN107641136B CN201611272752.9A CN201611272752A CN107641136B CN 107641136 B CN107641136 B CN 107641136B CN 201611272752 A CN201611272752 A CN 201611272752A CN 107641136 B CN107641136 B CN 107641136B
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- Prior art keywords
- acid
- salt
- polymer
- diorganophosphinic
- iron
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 94
- -1 butylcyclopentylPhenylphosphinic acid Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 71
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 34
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- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004676 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Substances 0.000 claims description 16
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- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 15
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- SPWAXFLJYHRRJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl(ethyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound CCCCP(O)(=O)CC SPWAXFLJYHRRJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
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- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- OBBIZPLLFHHERT-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl(2-cyclohexylethyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound C(CCC)P(O)(=O)CCC1CCCCC1 OBBIZPLLFHHERT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- RMMXRAVNFLSFDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl(hexyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCP(O)(=O)CC RMMXRAVNFLSFDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic acid Chemical compound O[PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- WMDPJKZHARKRQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylphosphinic acid Chemical compound CCCP(O)(=O)CCC WMDPJKZHARKRQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- MHDPBLKGZFXUOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl(hexyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCP(O)(=O)CCCC MHDPBLKGZFXUOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- KSHDLNQYVGBYHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutylphosphinic acid Chemical compound CCCCP(O)(=O)CCCC KSHDLNQYVGBYHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- IGOFCXYCMKELMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl(octyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCP(O)(=O)CC IGOFCXYCMKELMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000008040 ionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- FBHIPDFAHJIPQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyclohexylethyl(ethyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound C(C)P(O)(=O)CCC1CCCCC1 FBHIPDFAHJIPQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CFHADJKBVMKAKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyclopentylethyl(ethyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound C(C)P(O)(=O)CCC1CCCC1 CFHADJKBVMKAKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920007019 PC/ABS Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FGKKMNKQKVYHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-yl(ethyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound CCC(C)P(O)(=O)CC FGKKMNKQKVYHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YNVYYYYZMGEFEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl(2-cyclopentylethyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound C(CCC)P(O)(=O)CCC1CCCC1 YNVYYYYZMGEFEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RNKLKIFBOGAWQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl(2-phenylethyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound CCCCP(O)(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 RNKLKIFBOGAWQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BMHINTNZTDUTBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl(hexan-3-yl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound C(C)C(CCC)P(O)(=O)CCCC BMHINTNZTDUTBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LVDBPPCKNBZELT-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl(octyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCP(O)(=O)CCCC LVDBPPCKNBZELT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OBQIMLAGVUXZMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl(phenyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound CCCCP(O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OBQIMLAGVUXZMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZMIXSXNBLCYVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl-(4-methylphenyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound CCCCP(O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 ZMIXSXNBLCYVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UOKRBSXOBUKDGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N butylphosphonic acid Chemical compound CCCCP(O)(O)=O UOKRBSXOBUKDGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- DGZNEHPVXXRBIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N di(butan-2-yl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound CCC(C)P(O)(=O)C(C)CC DGZNEHPVXXRBIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NNPWWKQUTCVLAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N di(nonyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCP(O)(=O)CCCCCCCCC NNPWWKQUTCVLAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NGKCHGKFHQDOPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihexylphosphinic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCP(O)(=O)CCCCCC NGKCHGKFHQDOPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YTMRJBAHYSIRMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctylphosphinic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCP(O)(=O)CCCCCCCC YTMRJBAHYSIRMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JROXBNQZEFQVJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl(2-phenylethyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound CCP(O)(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 JROXBNQZEFQVJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VARVNAIBQYSVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl(hexan-2-yl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound C(C)P(O)(=O)C(CCCC)C VARVNAIBQYSVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JYSNOKQBYJHKGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl-(4-methylphenyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound C(C)P(O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C JYSNOKQBYJHKGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YOUWZLNRSRNDLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl-[2-(4-methylphenyl)ethyl]phosphinic acid Chemical compound C(C)P(O)(=O)CCC1=CC=C(C=C1)C YOUWZLNRSRNDLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- PUVAXSWBDZLKPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl(nonyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCC)P(O)(=O)CCCCCCCCC PUVAXSWBDZLKPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YMFPTVLRQNVOMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl(octyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCP(O)(=O)CCCCCC YMFPTVLRQNVOMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XPMBDFJXHYJGEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl(propyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCP(O)(=O)CCC XPMBDFJXHYJGEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004797 high-impact polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- DOBILHLPSDWBCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonyl(propyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound C(CC)P(O)(=O)CCCCCCCCC DOBILHLPSDWBCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BNEMLSQAJOPTGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;dioxido(oxo)tin Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][Sn]([O-])=O BNEMLSQAJOPTGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BHFNCVHTBGDQHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1(CCCC1)P(O)(=O)CCCC Chemical compound C1(CCCC1)P(O)(=O)CCCC BHFNCVHTBGDQHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M bisulphate group Chemical group S([O-])(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
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- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
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- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L persulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])OOS(=O)(=O)[O-] JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
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- GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A dialuminum;hexamagnesium;carbonate;hexadecahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 claims description 2
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- YPJCVYYCWSFGRM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+);tricarbonate Chemical class [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O YPJCVYYCWSFGRM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 150000007974 melamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AYLRODJJLADBOB-QMMMGPOBSA-N methyl (2s)-2,6-diisocyanatohexanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)[C@@H](N=C=O)CCCCN=C=O AYLRODJJLADBOB-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl p-hydroxycinnamate Natural products OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NYBDEQVBEYXMHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl prop-2-enoate;5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienenitrile Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C.N#CC=CC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 NYBDEQVBEYXMHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VSWALKINGSNVAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalen-1-ol;phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 VSWALKINGSNVAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- LFLZOWIFJOBEPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrate, nitrate Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O LFLZOWIFJOBEPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
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- MNOBSBCVDHHXLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphono dihydrogen phosphate;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1.OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O MNOBSBCVDHHXLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003504 photosensitizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006128 poly(nonamethylene terephthalamide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002312 polyamide-imide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006123 polyhexamethylene isophthalamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005594 polymer fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- SCUZVMOVTVSBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enenitrile;styrene Chemical compound C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 SCUZVMOVTVSBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NSETWVJZUWGCKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylphosphonic acid Chemical compound CCCP(O)(O)=O NSETWVJZUWGCKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920003987 resole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000468 styrene butadiene styrene block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XGFPOHQJFNFBKA-UHFFFAOYSA-B tetraaluminum;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XGFPOHQJFNFBKA-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 1
- UFDHBDMSHIXOKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrophthalic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=C(C(O)=O)CCCC1 UFDHBDMSHIXOKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FEONEKOZSGPOFN-UHFFFAOYSA-K tribromoiron Chemical compound Br[Fe](Br)Br FEONEKOZSGPOFN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- VITRLXDSBBVNCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroiron;hydrate Chemical compound O.Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl VITRLXDSBBVNCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- FLZZWQDCJOMLRF-UHFFFAOYSA-K trifluoroiron;hydrate Chemical compound O.F[Fe](F)F FLZZWQDCJOMLRF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- GOICUMNNXBUJOS-UHFFFAOYSA-K triiodoiron hydrate Chemical compound O.[Fe](I)(I)I GOICUMNNXBUJOS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229920000785 ultra high molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940070710 valerate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001866 very low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl benzoate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940063789 zinc sulfide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XAEWLETZEZXLHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;dioxido(dioxo)molybdenum Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O XAEWLETZEZXLHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/30—Phosphinic acids [R2P(=O)(OH)]; Thiophosphinic acids ; [R2P(=X1)(X2H) (X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
- C07F9/301—Acyclic saturated acids which can have further substituents on alkyl
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- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/30—Phosphinic acids [R2P(=O)(OH)]; Thiophosphinic acids ; [R2P(=X1)(X2H) (X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/53—Phosphorus bound to oxygen bound to oxygen and to carbon only
- C08K5/5313—Phosphinic compounds, e.g. R2=P(:O)OR'
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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- C09D177/00—Coating compositions based on polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
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- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/18—Fireproof paints including high temperature resistant paints
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Abstract
本发明涉及二有机基次膦酸盐,其包含0.0001‑99.9999重量%的铁,其制备方法及其用途。
Description
根据现有技术,将二烷基次膦酸的盐(也称为二烷基次膦酸盐)以其Mg盐、Ca盐、Al盐、Sb盐、Sn盐、Ge盐、Ti盐、Fe盐、Zr盐、Zn盐、Ce盐、Bi盐、Sr盐、Mn盐、Li盐、Na盐和K盐的形式用于阻燃剂混合物中。
二烷基次膦酸盐本身和次膦酸的其它有机盐合称二有机基次膦酸盐。
根据现有技术的阻燃剂混合物具有有限的耐热性。其在有限的温度范围内发生作用,在该温度范围内可以将由聚合物、阻燃剂、玻璃纤维和其它添加剂组成的起始材料配混成阻燃聚合物模塑材料。提及“加工窗口”时将其以温度下限和温度上限限定。
通过从聚合物的韧性足够低从而它在机器中是可输送和可混合的特定温度起得出温度下限。
温度上限间接地表现为当阻燃聚合物模塑材料和聚合物成型体在潮湿条件下储存时成分分解和分解产物稍后风化。如果聚合物分解,则阻燃聚合物成型体的机械强度性质(弹性模量、弯曲强度、断裂伸长率)降低。
本发明的任务因此在于提供具有宽范围的加工窗口的耐热的阻燃剂混合物。
所述任务通过包含铁的二有机基次磷酸盐而得以解决。
令人惊讶地发现,根据本发明的二有机基次膦酸盐在阻燃聚合物模塑材料的配混时或在阻燃聚合物成型体的注塑时具有变宽的加工窗口且同时显示良好的阻燃作用。
本发明因此涉及二有机基次膦酸盐,其包含0.0001至99.9999重量%的铁。
优选地,所述二有机基次膦酸盐相应于式(I)
其中
R1和R2相同或不同并且表示直链、支链或环状C1-C18-烷基,C6-C18-芳基、C7-C18-芳基烷基和/或C7-C18-烷基芳基,或彼此形成至少一个环,
y表示0.00001至0.091,
m表示1至4,和
n表示2至3,
M表示Mg、Ca、Al、Sb、Sn、Ge、Ti、Zr、Zn、Ce、Bi、Sr、Mn、Li、Na和/或K,和
M’表示Fe。
优选地,在式(I)中,R1和R2相同或不同并且彼此独立地表示甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、2-戊基、3-戊基、2-甲基丁基、3-甲基丁基(异戊基)、3-甲基丁-2-基、2-甲基丁-2-基、2,2-二甲基丙基(新戊基)、己基、庚基、辛基、壬基、癸基、环戊基、环戊基乙基、环己基、环己基乙基、苯基、苯基乙基、甲基苯基和/或甲基苯基乙基。
优选地,所述二有机基次膦酸盐相应于式(II)
其中
a和b相同或不同并且各自彼此独立地表示1至9并且基团CaH2a+1和CbH2b+1可以是直链的或支链的,和
y表示0.00001至0.091,
m表示1至4,和
n表示2至3,
M表示Mg、Ca、Al、Sb、Sn、Ge、Ti、Zr、Zn、Ce、Bi、Sn、Mn、Li、Na和/或K,和
M’表示Fe。
优选地,所述铁以二烷基次膦酸铁(II)和/或二烷基次膦酸铁(III)的形式存在。
优选地,M和M’与阴离子(CaH2a+1)(CbH2b+1)PO2以一致的(einheitlich)离子化合物形式存在。
优选地,所述二有机基次膦酸盐还包含调聚物-离子,其中所述调聚物-离子为通式(VI)的那些
H-(CwH2w)k P(O)(O(-))(CxH2x)1-H (VI)
其中在式(VI)中,彼此独立地,
k表示1至9,l表示1至9,w表示2至9,x表示2至9。
优选地,在式(VI)中,w和x各自表示2至4,和k和l各自表示1至4。
特别优选地,在式(VI)中,w和x各自表示2或3,和k和l各自表示1至3。
优选地,根据权利要求1至9中任一项或多项所述的二有机基次膦酸盐包含:
a)60至99.8999P%的式(II)的二烷基次膦酸盐,和
b)0.1至40P%的式(VI)的调聚物-离子,
其中a)和b)之和为100P%,条件是式(II)的二有机基次膦酸盐和式(VI)的调聚物-离子各自为不同的化合物。
优选地,所述二有机基次膦酸盐和调聚物离子以其金属盐的形式形成一致的离子化合物,即所述调聚物离子以离子方式嵌入二有机基次膦酸-调聚物-盐中。
优选地,离子M、M’、(CaH2a+1)(CbH2b+1)PO2 -、H-(CwH2w)kPO2 -(CxH2x)1-H和以下物质的阴离子彼此为一致的离子化合物:乙基丁基次膦酸、二丁基次膦酸、乙基己基次膦酸、丁基己基次膦酸、乙基辛基次膦酸、仲丁基乙基次膦酸、1-乙基丁基-丁基次膦酸、乙基-1-甲基戊基次膦酸、二仲丁基次膦酸(二-1-甲基丙基次膦酸)、丙基己基次膦酸、二己基次膦酸、己基-壬基次膦酸、丙基-壬基次膦酸、二壬基次膦酸、二丙基次膦酸、丁基-辛基次膦酸、己基-辛基次膦酸、二辛基次膦酸、乙基(环戊基乙基)次膦酸、丁基(环戊基乙基)次膦酸、乙基(环己基乙基)次膦酸、丁基(环己基乙基)次膦酸、乙基(苯基乙基)次膦酸、丁基(苯基乙基)次膦酸、乙基(4-甲基苯基乙基)次膦酸、丁基(4-甲基苯基乙基)次膦酸、丁基环戊基次膦酸、丁基环己基乙基次膦酸、丁基苯基次膦酸、乙基(4-甲基苯基)次膦酸和/或丁基(4-甲基苯基)次膦酸。
优选地,所述调聚物-离子以其金属盐的形式存在,其中所述金属盐为以下物质的金属盐:乙基丁基次膦酸、二丁基次膦酸、乙基己基次膦酸、丁基己基次膦酸、乙基辛基次膦酸、仲丁基乙基次膦酸、1-乙基丁基-丁基次膦酸、乙基-1-甲基戊基-次膦酸、二仲丁基次膦酸(二-1-甲基-丙基次膦酸)、丙基-己基次膦酸、二己基次膦酸、己基-壬基次膦酸、丙基-壬基次膦酸、二壬基次膦酸、二丙基次膦酸、丁基-辛基次膦酸、己基-辛基次膦酸、二辛基次膦酸、乙基(环戊基乙基)次膦酸、丁基(环戊基乙基)次膦酸、乙基(环己基乙基)次膦酸、丁基(环己基乙基)次膦酸、乙基(苯基乙基)次膦酸、丁基(苯基乙基)次膦酸、乙基(4-甲基苯基乙基)次膦酸、丁基(4-甲基苯基乙基)次膦酸、丁基环戊基次膦酸、丁基环己基乙基次膦酸、丁基苯基次膦酸、乙基(4-甲基苯基)次膦酸和/或丁基(4-甲基苯基)次膦酸,其中金属盐的金属来源于Mg、Ca、Al、Sb、Sn、Ge、Ti、Fe、Zr、Zn、Ce、Bi、Sr、Mn、Li、Na和/或K。
优选地,根据本发明的二有机基次膦酸盐具有0.1至1000μm的粒度、80至800g/l的堆积密度、100g/l至1100g/l的夯实密度或振实密度、5至45度的堆积角、1至40m2/g的BET表面积、85至99.9的L-色值、-4至+9的a-色值、-2至+6的b-色值。
特别优选地,根据本发明的二有机基次膦酸盐具有0.5至800μm的粒度、80至600g/l的堆积密度或振实密度、600g/l至800g/l的夯实密度和10至40度的堆积角。
本发明还涉及用于制备根据权利要求1至14中任一项或多项所述的二有机基次膦酸盐的方法,其特征在于,
a)在工艺阶段1中,相对于每个次磷酸的水溶性盐或酸本身上的P计,加成0.9至1.1个分子的烯烃,
b)在工艺阶段2中,向二烷基次膦酸或其盐加成以每个来自a)的中间产物上的P计额外的0.9至1.1个分子的烯烃,
c)在工艺阶段3中,在0至20%的来自工艺阶段1的二烷基次膦酸盐分子上加成1至9个另外的烯烃分子,从而形成调聚物,
d)在工艺阶段4中,进行来自b)或c)的中间产物与金属盐和铁盐的结晶。
本发明涉及用于制备根据权利要求1至14中任一项或多项所述的二有机基次膦酸盐的另一方法,其特征在于,
a)在工艺阶段1中,相对于每个次磷酸的水溶性盐或酸本身上的P计,加成0.9至1.1个分子的烯烃,
b)在工艺阶段2中,向二烷基次膦酸或其盐加成以每个来自a)的中间产物上的P计额外的0.9至1.1个分子的烯烃,
c)在工艺阶段3中,在0至20%的来自工艺阶段1的二烷基次膦酸盐分子上加成1至9个另外的烯烃分子,从而形成调聚物,
d)在工艺阶段4中,进行与金属盐和/或铁盐的结晶,和
e)在工艺阶段5中,进行来自d)的中间产物与金属盐或铁盐的共沉淀。
优选地,所述调聚物盐与已经嵌入了离子形式的铁的二有机基次膦酸盐形成共沉淀物。
用于制备根据权利要求1至14中任一项或多项所述的二有机基次膦酸盐的另一方法的特征在于,
a)在工艺阶段1中,相对于每个次磷酸的水溶性盐或酸本身上的P计,加成0.9至1.1个分子的烯烃,
b)在工艺阶段2中,向二烷基次膦酸或其盐加成以每个来自a)的中间产物上的P计额外的0.9至1.1个分子的烯烃,
c)在工艺阶段3中,进行与金属盐和/或铁盐的结晶,和
d)然后在工艺阶段4中,以物理方式混入调聚物。
优选地,使所述调聚物盐以物理方式与已经嵌入了离子形式的铁的二有机基次膦酸盐混合。
优选地,所述铁盐为氟化物、氯化物、溴化物、碘化物、碘酸盐、高氯酸盐、氧化物、氢氧化物、过氧化物、超氧化物、硫酸盐、硫酸氢盐、水合硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐、过硫酸盐、氮化物、磷化物、硝酸盐、水合硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、磷酸盐、过磷酸盐、亚磷酸盐、次磷酸盐、焦磷酸盐、碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐、碱式碳酸盐、水合碳酸盐、硅酸盐、六氟硅酸盐、水合六氟硅酸盐、锡酸盐、硼酸盐、聚硼酸盐、过硼酸盐、硫氰酸盐、氰酸盐、氰化物、铬酸盐、亚铬酸盐、钼酸盐、高锰酸盐、甲酸盐、乙酸盐、水合乙酸盐、水合三氟乙酸盐、丙酸盐、丁酸盐、戊酸盐、辛酸盐、油酸盐、硬脂酸盐、草酸盐、酒石酸盐、柠檬酸盐、碱性柠檬酸盐、水合柠檬酸盐、苯甲酸盐、水杨酸盐、乳酸盐、水合乳酸盐、丙烯酸盐、马来酸盐、琥珀酸的盐、甘氨酸的盐、苯酚盐、对苯酚磺酸盐、水合对苯酚磺酸盐、水合乙酰丙酮酸盐、单宁酸盐、二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸盐、三氟甲磺酸盐、烷基磺酸盐和/或芳烷基磺酸盐。
优选地,将根据本发明的二有机基次膦酸盐用作用于进一步合成的中间产物,用作粘结剂,用作在环氧树脂、聚氨酯和不饱和聚酯树脂的固化时的交联剂或加速剂,用作聚合物稳定剂,用作植物保护剂,用作螯合剂,用作矿物油添加剂,用作防腐蚀剂,用于洗涤剂和清洁剂应用中和用于电子应用中。
尤其是,将根据本发明的二有机基次膦酸盐用作阻燃剂,用作清漆和发泡型涂料的阻燃剂,用作木材和其它含纤维素的产品的阻燃剂,用作聚合物的反应性和/或非反应性阻燃剂,用于制备阻燃聚合物模塑材料,用于制备阻燃聚合物成型体和/或用于通过浸渍赋予聚酯以及纯的和混纺的纤维素织物以阻燃性。
优选地,在上述应用中,将根据权利要求1至14中任一项或多项所述的二有机基次膦酸盐与增效剂一起使用,其中所述增效剂为磷酸三聚氰胺、磷酸二(三聚氰胺)、三磷酸五(三聚氰胺)、二磷酸三(三聚氰胺)、三磷酸四(三聚氰胺)、五磷酸六(三聚氰胺)、二磷酸三聚氰胺、四磷酸三聚氰胺、焦磷酸三聚氰胺、聚磷酸三聚氰胺、聚磷酸蜜白胺、聚磷酸蜜勒胺和/或聚磷酸蜜隆(Melon);为三聚氰胺缩合产物如蜜白胺、蜜勒胺和/或蜜隆;为三(羟基乙基)异氰脲酸酯/盐与芳族多羧酸的低聚酯、苯并胍胺、三(羟基乙基)异氰脲酸酯/盐、尿囊素、甘脲、三聚氰胺、氰尿酸三聚氰胺、氰尿酸脲、双氰胺和/或胍;为式(NH4)yH3-yPO4或(NH4PO3)z的含氮的磷酸盐,其中y等于1至3和z等于1至10,000;为铝亚磷酸盐、铝焦亚磷酸盐、铝膦酸盐、铝焦膦酸盐;为硅酸盐、沸石、二氧化硅、陶瓷粉末、锌化合物,例如硼酸锌、碳酸锌、锡酸锌、碱式锡酸锌、磷酸锌、硫化锌、氧化锌、氢氧化锌、氧化锡水合物、碱性硅酸锌、钼酸锌、氢氧化镁、水滑石、碳酸镁和/或碳酸钙镁;为乙基膦酸的盐、丙基膦酸的盐、丁基膦酸的盐、正丁基膦酸的盐、仲丁基膦酸的盐、己基膦酸的盐和/或辛基膦酸的盐。
优选地,在这样的应用中使用其它添加剂,其中所述其它添加剂为抗氧化剂、UV稳定剂、γ射线稳定剂、水解稳定剂、抗静电剂、乳化剂、成核剂、增塑剂、加工助剂、抗冲改性剂、染料、颜料等。
尤其是,在上述应用中使用0.0001至99.7999重量%的根据权利要求1至14中任一项或多项所述的二有机基次膦酸盐,0.1至40重量%的增效剂和0.1至40重量%的添加剂,其中所述组分之和为100重量%。
最后,本发明还涉及阻燃热塑性或热固性聚合物模塑材料、聚合物成型体、聚合物膜、聚合物丝和聚合物纤维,其包含0.5至45重量%的根据权利要求1至14中任一项或多项所述的二有机基次膦酸盐、0.5至95重量%的热塑性或热固性聚合物或其混合物、0至55重量%的添加剂和0至55重量%的填料或增强材料,其中所述组分之和为100重量%。
优选地,所述用于上述应用的聚合物为HI(高抗冲)聚苯乙烯、聚苯醚、聚酰胺、聚酯、聚碳酸酯类型和ABS(丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯)或PC/ABS(聚碳酸酯/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯)或PPE/HIPS(聚苯醚/HI聚苯乙烯)塑料类型的共混物或聚合物共混物的热塑性聚合物,和/或不饱和聚酯或环氧树脂类型的热固性聚合物。
如开篇所解释,根据本发明的二有机基次膦酸盐最频繁地以二烷基次膦酸盐的形式存在。
根据本发明,所述铁可以优选地以离子形式嵌入二烷基次膦酸盐或二烷基次膦酸-调聚物盐而存在。由于二烷基次膦酸铝和二烷基次膦酸铁(III)在晶体化学方面是同型的,所以铁(III)离子嵌入二烷基次膦酸铝晶格中。这在晶体化学单位晶胞的有规律地改变的c-轴上显示出来。那么没有物理混合物存在。
这尤其适用于二乙基次膦酸铝和相应的二乙基次膦酸铁(III)。
表1:铁嵌入三(二乙基次膦酸)铝中的晶体学结果
对二烷基次膦酸盐或二烷基次膦酸-调聚物盐针对摇动时离析的稳定性而言,铁在其它金属(在此为铝)的晶格中的嵌入是有利的。
类似地,上述结论也适用于包含不同于烷基基团或包含其它不同的烷基的烷基基团的二有机基次膦酸盐。
优选地,适合于离子嵌入的铁盐为可溶性化合物。
优选地,适合于离子嵌入的铁盐为铁(II)盐和/或铁(III)盐。
优选地,适合于离子嵌入和共沉淀的铁盐为与以下的铁(II)盐和/或铁(III)盐:第七主族的无机阴离子(卤离子),例如氟离子、氯离子、溴离子、碘离子;第七主族的含氧酸的阴离子(次卤酸根、亚卤酸根、卤酸根例如碘酸根,高卤酸根例如高氯酸根);第六主族的阴离子(硫族化合物),例如氧离子、氢氧根、过氧根、超氧根;第六主族的含氧酸的阴离子(硫酸根、硫酸氢根、水合硫酸根、亚硫酸根、过硫酸根);第五主族的阴离子(磷族化合物),例如氮离子、磷离子;第五主族的含氧酸的阴离子(硝酸根、水合硝酸根、亚硝酸根、磷酸根、过磷酸根、亚磷酸根、次磷酸根、焦磷酸根);第四主族的含氧酸的阴离子(碳酸根、碳酸氢根、碱式碳酸根、水合碳酸根、硅酸根、六氟硅酸根、水合六氟硅酸根、锡酸根);第三主族的含氧酸的阴离子(硼酸根、聚硼酸根、过硼酸根);拟卤化物的阴离子(硫氰酸根、氰酸根、氰离子);过渡金属的含氧酸的阴离子(铬酸根、亚铬酸根、钼酸根、高锰酸根)。
优选地,适合于离子嵌入和共沉淀的铁盐为与来自以下的有机阴离子的铁(II)盐和/或铁(III)盐:单羧酸、二羧酸、低聚羧酸、聚羧酸(甲酸的盐(甲酸根))、乙酸(乙酸根、水合乙酸根)、三氟乙酸(水合三氟乙酸根)、丙酸根、丁酸根、戊酸根、辛酸根、油酸根、硬脂酸根、草酸(草酸根)、酒石酸(酒石酸根)、柠檬酸(柠檬酸根、碱性柠檬酸根、水合柠檬酸根)、苯甲酸(苯甲酸根)、水杨酸根、乳酸(乳酸根、水合乳酸根)、丙烯酸、马来酸、琥珀酸、氨基酸(甘氨酸)、酸性羟基官能团(酚离子等)、对苯酚磺酸根、水合对苯酚磺酸根、水合乙酰丙酮酸根、单宁酸根、二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸根、三氟甲磺酸根、烷基磺酸根、芳烷基磺酸根。
优选地,适合于离子嵌入的铁盐为硼酸铁(II)和/或硼酸铁(III)、硫酸铁(II)和/或硫酸铁(III)、水合硫酸铁(II)和/或水合硫酸铁(III)、水合羟基硫酸铁(II)和/或水合羟基硫酸铁(III)、混合的水合羟基硫酸铁(II)和/或混合的水合羟基硫酸铁(III)、硫酸氧化铁(II)和/或硫酸氧化铁(III)、乙酸铁(II)和/或乙酸铁(III)、硝酸铁(II)和/或硝酸铁(III)、氟化铁(II)和/或氟化铁(III)、水合氟化铁(II)和/或水合氟化铁(III)、氯化铁(II)和/或氯化铁(III)、水合氯化铁(II)和/或水合氯化铁(III)、氯氧化铁(II)和/或氯氧化铁(III)、溴化铁(II)和/或溴化铁(III)、碘化铁(II)和/或碘化铁(III)、水合碘化铁(II)和/或水合碘化铁(III)、和/或碳酸铁(II)和/或碳酸铁(III)衍生物。
优选地,用于物理混合的铁盐为二烷基次膦酸铁(II)。
优选的二烷基次膦酸铁(II)为双(二乙基次膦酸)铁(II)、双(二丙基次膦酸)铁(II)、双(丁基乙基次膦酸)铁(II)、双(正丁基乙基次膦酸)铁(II)、双(仲丁基乙基次膦酸)铁(II)、双(己基乙基次膦酸)铁(II)、双(二丁基次膦酸)铁(II)、双(己基丁基次膦酸)铁(II)和/或双(辛基乙基次膦酸)铁(II)。
优选地,用于物理混合的铁盐为二烷基次膦酸铁(III)。
优选的二烷基次膦酸铁(III)为三(二乙基次膦酸)铁(III)、三(二丙基次膦酸)铁(III)、三(丁基乙基次膦酸)铁(III)、三(正丁基乙基次膦酸)铁(III)、三(仲丁基乙基次膦酸)铁(III)、三(己基乙基次膦酸)铁(III)、三(二丁基次膦酸)铁(III)、三(己基丁基次膦酸)铁(III)和/或三(辛基乙基)次膦酸铁(III)。
调聚物在烯烃在次磷酸(盐/酯)上加成时产生。不仅是两个分子的烯烃,而且更多个加成至二烷基次膦酸(盐/酯)上。一个或两个烷基链因此围绕一个或多个其它的烯烃单元延长。
优选的调聚物为式(V)的调聚物
H-(CwH2w)k P(O)(OMe)(CxH2x)1-H (V)
其中在式(V)中,彼此独立地,
k表示1至9,l表示1至9,w表示2至9和x表示2至9,和Me表示Mg、Ca、Al、Sb、Sn、Ge、Ti、Fe、Zr、Zn、Ce、Bi、Sr、Mn、Li、Na和/或K。
优选地,所述调聚物以Al盐、Ti盐、Fe盐和/或Zn盐的形式存在。
在制备根据本发明的二烷基次膦酸盐时使用乙烯作为烯烃的情况下,优选产生乙基丁基次膦酸、二丁基次膦酸、乙基己基次膦酸、丁基己基次膦酸、乙基辛基次膦酸盐等和/或其盐类型的调聚物。
在丙烯的情况下,次序是有意义的。
优选的烯烃为乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、2-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯和1-辛烯。
立体化学也允许形成支化烷基链,例如仲丁基乙基次膦酸盐、1-乙基丁基-丁基-次膦酸盐、乙基-1-甲基戊基次膦酸盐、二仲丁基次膦酸盐(二-1-甲基丙基次膦酸盐)等。
调聚物本身是含磷化合物。其含量以所有包含磷的成分的百分比给出(P%)。其借助于31P-NMR测定。
在权利要求6中提到的式(VI)的调聚物-阴离子
H-(CwH2w)k P(O)(O(-))(CxH2x)1-H (VI)
可以优选地嵌入二烷基次膦酸盐的晶格中。因此存在二烷基次膦酸-调聚物盐。
对于二烷基次膦酸盐和二烷基次膦酸-调聚物盐针对摇动时离析的稳定性而言,低的粒度是优选的。
特别优选的是0.01至1000μm的二烷基次膦酸盐、0.01至1000μm的二烷基次膦酸盐-调聚物盐、0.01至1000μm的二烷基次膦酸-调聚物盐-共沉淀物、0.01至1000μm的二烷基次膦酸-调聚物盐物理混合物的平均粒度d50。
特别优选的是0.1至90μm二烷基次膦酸盐、0.1至90μm二烷基次膦酸-调聚物盐、0.1至90μm二烷基次膦酸-调聚物盐-共沉淀物、0.1至90μm的二烷基次膦酸-调聚物盐物理混合物的平均粒度d50。
优选地,所述聚合物来源于热塑性聚合物如聚酯、聚苯乙烯或聚酰胺和/或热固性聚合物。
优选地,所述聚合物为单烯烃和二烯烃的聚合物,例如聚丙烯、聚异丁烯、聚1-丁烯、聚-4-甲基-1-戊烯、聚异戊二烯或聚丁二烯,以及环烯烃例如环戊烯或降冰片烯的聚合物;此外为聚乙烯(任选可以使其交联),例如高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、高密度和高摩尔质量聚乙烯(HDPE-HMW)、高密度和超高摩尔质量聚乙烯(HDPE-UHMW)、中密度聚乙烯(MDPE)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、支化低密度聚乙烯(VLDPE)以及其混合物。
优选地,所述聚合物为单烯烃和二烯烃彼此之间的或与其它乙烯基单体的共聚物,例如乙烯丙烯共聚物、线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)及其与低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)的混合物、丙烯-1-丁烯共聚物、丙烯-异丁烯共聚物、乙烯-1-丁烯共聚物、乙烯-己烯共聚物、乙烯-甲基戊烯共聚物、乙烯-庚烯共聚物、乙烯-辛烯共聚物、丙烯-丁二烯共聚物、异丁烯-异戊二烯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物、乙烯-甲基丙酸酸烷基酯共聚物、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物及其与一氧化碳的共聚物,或乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物及其盐(离聚物),以及乙烯与丙烯和二烯如己二烯、双环戊二烯或亚乙基降冰片烯的三元共聚物;此外为这样的共聚物彼此之间的混合物,例如聚丙烯/乙烯-丙烯共聚物、LDPE/乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、LDPE/乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物、LLDPE/乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、LLDPE/乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物和交替的或统计地构造的(statistisch aufgebaute)聚亚烷基/一氧化碳共聚物及其与其它聚合物例如聚酰胺的混合物。
优选地,所述聚合物为烃树脂(例如C5-C9),包括其氢化变型(例如增粘剂树脂)和淀粉和聚亚烷基(Polyalkylenen)的混合物。
优选地,所述聚合物为聚苯乙烯(聚苯乙烯143E)(BASF)、聚(对甲基苯乙烯)、聚(α-甲基苯乙烯)。
优选地,所述聚合物为苯乙烯或α-甲基苯乙烯与二烯或丙烯酸系衍生物的共聚物,例如苯乙烯-丁二烯、苯乙烯-丙烯腈、苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸烷基酯、苯乙烯-丁二烯-丙烯酸烷基酯和苯乙烯-丁二烯-甲基丙烯酸烷基酯、苯乙烯-马来酸酐、苯乙烯-丙烯腈-丙烯酸甲酯;来自苯乙烯共聚物和另一聚合物例如聚丙烯酸酯、二烯聚合物或乙烯-丙烯-二烯三元共聚物的高抗冲强度的混合物;以及苯乙烯的嵌段共聚物,例如苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯、苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯、苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯或苯乙烯-乙烯/丙烯-苯乙烯。
优选地,所述聚合物为苯乙烯或α-甲基苯乙烯的接枝共聚物,例如苯乙烯接枝在聚丁二烯上、苯乙烯接枝在聚丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物或聚丁二烯-丙烯腈共聚物上、苯乙烯和丙烯腈(或者甲基丙烯腈)接枝在聚丁二烯上;苯乙烯、丙烯腈和甲基丙烯酸甲酯接枝在聚丁二烯上;苯乙烯和马来酸酐接枝在聚丁二烯上;苯乙烯、丙烯腈和马来酸酐或马来酰亚胺接枝在聚丁二烯上;苯乙烯和马来酰亚胺接枝在聚丁二烯上、苯乙烯和丙烯酸烷基酯或甲基丙烯酸烷基酯接枝在聚丁二烯上、苯乙烯和丙烯腈接枝在乙烯-丙烯-二烯三元共聚物上、苯乙烯和丙烯腈接枝在聚丙烯酸烷基酯或聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯上、苯乙烯和丙烯腈接枝在丙烯酸酯-丁二烯共聚物上,以及其混合物,例如被称为所谓的ABS聚合物、MBS聚合物、ASA聚合物或AES聚合物。
优选地,所述聚合物为含卤素聚合物,例如聚氯丁二烯、氯丁橡胶、来自异丁烯-异戊二烯的氯化和溴化的共聚物(卤代丁基橡胶)、氯化或氯磺化聚乙烯、乙烯与氯化乙烯的共聚物、表氯醇均聚物和表氯醇共聚物,尤其是来自含卤素的乙烯基化合物的聚合物,例如聚氯乙烯、聚偏氯乙烯、聚氟乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯;以及其共聚物,如氯乙烯-偏氯乙烯、氯乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯或偏氯乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯。
优选地,所述聚合物为衍生自α,β-不饱和酸及其衍生物的聚合物,如聚丙烯酸酯和聚甲基丙烯酸酯、用丙烯酸丁酯抗冲改性的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚丙烯酰胺和聚丙烯腈,和上述单体彼此之间的或与其它不饱和单体的共聚物,例如丙烯腈-丁二烯共聚物、丙烯腈-丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物、丙烯腈-丙烯酸烷氧基烷基酯共聚物、丙烯腈-乙烯基卤化物共聚物或丙烯腈-甲基丙烯酸烷基酯-丁二烯三元共聚物。
优选地,所述聚合物为衍生自不饱和醇和胺或其酰基衍生物或缩醛的聚合物,如聚乙烯醇、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚硬脂酸乙烯酯、聚苯甲酸乙烯酯、聚马来酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、聚邻苯二甲酸烯丙酯、聚烯丙基三聚氰胺;以及其与烯烃的共聚物。
优选地,所述聚合物为环醚的均聚物和共聚物,如聚亚烷基二醇、聚氧化乙烯、聚氧化丙烯或其与双缩水甘油基醚的共聚物。
优选地,所述聚合物为聚缩醛,如聚甲醛,以及这样的聚甲醛,其包含共聚单体例如氧化乙烯;用热塑性聚氨酯、丙烯酸酯或MBS改性的聚缩醛。
优选地,所述聚合物为聚苯醚和聚苯硫醚及其与苯乙烯聚合物或聚酰胺的混合物。
优选地,所述聚合物为一方面来源于具有末端羟基的聚丁二烯和聚酯、聚醚,和另一方面来源于脂族或芳族多异氰酸酯的聚氨酯,以及其前体。
优选地,所述聚合物为衍生自二胺和二羧酸和/或衍生自氨基羧酸或相应的内酰胺的聚酰胺和共聚酰胺,如聚酰胺2/12、聚酰胺4(聚-4-氨基丁酸,4,DuPont公司)、聚酰胺4/6(聚(四亚甲基己二酰胺)、聚(四亚甲基己二酸二酰胺)、DuPont公司)、聚酰胺6(聚己内酰胺、聚-6-氨基己酸,DuPont公司,DSM公司;7301,DuPont公司;B 29,Bayer公司)、聚酰胺6/6((聚(N,N′-六亚甲基己二酰胺)、6/6,DuPont公司,101,DuPont公司;A30,AKV,AM,Bayer公司;A3,BASF公司)、聚酰胺6/9(聚(六亚甲基壬二酰胺)、6/9,DuPont公司)、聚酰胺6/10(聚(六亚甲基癸二酰胺)、6/10,DuPont公司)、聚酰胺6/12(聚(六亚甲基十二烷二酰胺)、6/12,DuPont公司)、聚酰胺6/66(聚(六亚甲基己二酰胺-共-己内酰胺),6/66,DuPont公司)、聚酰胺7(聚-7-氨基庚酸,7,DuPont公司)、聚酰胺7,7(聚七亚甲基庚二酰胺,7,7,DuPont公司)、聚酰胺8(聚-8-氨基辛酸,8,DuPont公司)、聚酰胺8,8(聚八亚甲基辛二酰胺,8,8,DuPont公司)、聚酰胺9(聚-9-氨基壬酸,9,DuPont公司)、聚酰胺9,9(聚九亚甲基壬二酰胺,9,9,DuPont公司)、聚酰胺10(聚-10-氨基癸酸,10,DuPont公司)、聚酰胺10,9(聚(十亚甲基壬二酰胺),10,9,DuPont公司)、聚酰胺10,10(聚(十亚甲基癸二酰胺,10,10,DuPont公司)、聚酰胺11(聚-11-氨基十一酸,11,DuPont公司)、聚酰胺12(聚月桂基内酰胺,12,DuPont公司,L20,Ems Chemie公司)、来自间二甲苯、二胺和己二酸的芳族聚酰胺;从六亚甲基二胺和间苯二甲酸和/或对苯二甲酸和任选作为改性剂的弹性体制备的聚酰胺(聚六亚甲基间苯二甲酰胺、聚六亚甲基对苯二甲酰胺),例如聚-2,4,4-三甲基六亚甲基对苯二甲酰胺或聚间亚苯基间苯二甲酰胺。上面提到的聚酰胺与聚烯烃、烯烃共聚物、离聚物或化学键合或接枝的弹性体的嵌段共聚物;或与聚醚,例如与聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇或聚丁二醇的嵌段共聚物;此外为用EPDM或ABS改性的聚酰胺或共聚酰胺;以及在加工期间缩合的聚酰胺(“RIM-聚酰胺体系”)。
也可以使用芳族聚酰胺如PA4T、PA6T、PA9T、PA10T、PA11T和/或MXD6、无定形聚酰胺如“刚性”和“柔性”的6I/X和TPE-A。
优选地,所述聚合物为聚脲、聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺、聚醚酰亚胺、聚酯酰亚胺、聚乙内酰脲和聚苯并咪唑。
优选地,所述聚合物为衍生自二羧酸和二醇和/或衍生自羟基羧酸或相应的内酯的聚酯,如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(2500,2002,Celanese公司;BASF公司)、聚1,4-二羟甲基环己烷对苯二甲酸酯、聚羟基苯甲酸酯以及来源于具有羟基端基的聚醚的嵌段聚醚酯;以及用聚碳酸酯或MBS改性的聚酯。
优选地,所述聚合物为聚碳酸酯、聚酯碳酸酯、聚砜、聚醚砜和聚醚酮。
优选地,所述热固性聚合物为甲醛-酚树脂聚合物、环氧化物-酚树脂聚合物、三聚氰胺-酚树脂聚合物和/或聚氨酯。
优选地,所述热固性聚合物为环氧树脂。
优选地,所述热固性聚合物为采用甲阶酚醛树脂、酚、酚衍生物和/或双氰胺、醇和胺固化的环氧树脂。
优选地,所述环氧化物树脂为聚环氧化合物。
优选地,所述环氧树脂来自酚醛清漆与双酚A树脂。
优选地,所述热固性聚合物为不饱和聚酯树脂、二环戊二烯改性的不饱和聚酯、聚苯醚或丁二烯聚合物;为具有聚丁二烯嵌段或聚异戊二烯嵌段和来自苯乙烯或α-甲基苯乙烯的嵌段的嵌段共聚物;为具有第一聚丁二烯嵌段和第二聚乙烯嵌段或乙烯-丙烯嵌段的嵌段共聚物,为具有第一聚异戊二烯嵌段和第二聚乙烯嵌段或乙烯-丙烯嵌段的嵌段共聚物。
优选地,所述热固性聚合物为基于环氧化植物油(环氧化大豆油/亚麻籽油)、丙烯酸衍生物(丙烯酸、巴豆酸、异巴豆酸、甲基丙烯酸、肉桂酸、马来酸、富马酸、甲基丙烯酸甲酯)和丙烯酸羟烷基酯和/或烷基丙烯酸羟烷基酯(甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯、甲基丙烯酸羟丁酯、聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯)的那些。
优选地,所述热固性聚合物应用于电学开关部件、汽车结构中的部件、电工学、电子学、电路板、预浸料、用于电子元器件的灌封料、在船用和转子叶片建造中、在GFK(玻璃纤维增强塑料)室外应用中、家庭和卫生应用、工程材料和其它产品。
优选地,所述热固性聚合物为来源于饱和和不饱和的多元的尤其是二羧酸或其酸酐与多元醇的共聚酯以及作为交联剂的乙烯基化合物的不饱和聚酯树脂(UP-树脂)。
UP-树脂通过采用引发剂(例如过氧化物)和促进剂的自由基聚合而固化。
不饱和聚酯可以在聚合物链中包含酯基团作为化合物链节。
用于制备聚酯的优选的不饱和二羧酸和不饱和二羧酸衍生物为马来酸、马来酸酐和富马酸、衣康酸、柠檬酸、中康酸。它们可以与基于不饱和酸组分计直至200摩尔%的至少一种脂族饱和或环脂族二羧酸混合。
优选的饱和二羧酸为邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、二氢邻苯二甲酸、四氢邻苯二甲酸、六氢邻苯二甲酸、内亚甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸、己二酸、琥珀酸、癸二酸、戊二酸、甲基戊二酸、庚二酸。
优选的多元的、尤其是二元的、任选不饱和的醇为通常具有非环或环状基团的烷二醇和氧杂烷二醇。
优选的可与不饱和聚酯共聚的不饱和单体优选带有乙烯基、亚乙烯基或烯丙基,例如优选苯乙烯,但也例如是核烷基化的或核烯基化的苯乙烯,其中烷基可以包含1-4个碳原子,例如乙烯基甲苯、二乙烯基苯、α-甲基苯乙烯、叔丁基苯乙烯;具有2-6个碳原子的羧酸的乙烯基酯,优选乙酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯、苯甲酸乙烯酯;乙烯基吡啶、乙烯基萘、乙烯基环己烷、丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸和/或其在醇组成部分中具有1-4个碳原子的酯(优选乙烯基酯、烯丙酯和甲基烯丙酯)、其酰胺和腈,在醇组成部分中具有1-4个碳原子的马来酸酐、马来酸偏酯和马来酸二酯,马来酸偏酰胺和马来酸二酰胺或环酰亚胺如丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯腈,N-甲基马来酰亚胺或N-环己基马来酰亚胺;烯丙基化合物如烯丙基苯和烯丙基酯如乙酸烯丙酯、邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯、间苯二甲酸二烯丙酯、富马酸二烯丙酯、碳酸烯丙酯,邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯、碳酸二烯丙酯、磷酸三烯丙酯和氰尿酸三烯丙酯。
用于交联的优选的乙烯基化合物为苯乙烯。
优选的不饱和聚酯也可以在侧链中带有酯基团,例如聚丙烯酸系酯和聚甲基丙烯酸系酯。
优选的固化剂体系为过氧化物和促进剂。
优选的促进剂为金属助引发剂和芳族胺和/或UV-光和光敏剂(UV-Licht undPhotosensibilisator),例如安息香醚以及偶氮催化剂如偶氮异丁腈,硫醇如月桂基硫醇,双-(2-乙基己基)硫醚和双-(2-巯基乙基)硫醚。
用于制备阻燃共聚物的方法的特征在于,使衍生自至少一种C4-C8-二羧酸的至少一种烯属不饱和二羧酸酐、至少一种乙烯基芳族化合物和至少一种多元醇共聚,然后与根据本发明的阻燃剂混合物反应。
优选可使用二环戊二烯改性的不饱和聚酯,其通过二环戊二烯、马来酸酐、水、饱和醇和任选的另一多元酸的反应获得。将聚酯与可自由基聚合的单体如苯乙烯交联成树脂。
优选地,所述聚合物为交联的聚合物,其衍生自醛或酚、脲或三聚氰胺,如酚醛树脂、脲醛树脂和三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂。
优选地,所述聚合物为可交联的丙烯酸系树脂,其衍生自经取代的丙烯酸酯,例如衍生自环氧丙烯酸酯、氨基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯或聚酯丙烯酸酯。
优选地,所述聚合物为醇酸树脂、聚酯树脂和丙烯酸酯树脂,其与三聚氰胺树脂、脲醛树脂、异氰酸酯、异氰脲酸酯、多异氰酸酯或环氧树脂交联。
优选地,所述聚合物为交联的环氧树脂,其衍生自脂族、环脂族、杂环或芳族缩水甘油基化合物,例如双酚A二缩水甘油醚、双酚F二缩水甘油醚的产物,其通过常规的固化剂例如酸酐或胺,具有或没有促进剂地交联。
优选的热固性塑料(Duroplaste)为来自氰酸酯、氰酸酯/双马来酰亚胺共聚物、双马来酰亚胺-三嗪-环氧树脂共混物和丁二烯聚合物的类别的聚合物。
优选的丁二烯聚合物为嵌段共聚物,其包含70-95重量%的一种或多种单乙烯基取代的具有8-18个碳原子的芳族烃化合物和30-5重量%的一种或多种具有4-12个碳原子的共轭二烯和可选的交联剂。
优选地,根据本发明的阻燃剂混合物也应用于树脂体系中,所述树脂体系由聚丁二烯树脂或聚异戊二烯树脂或其与可以参与交联的不饱和的包含丁二烯或异戊二烯的聚合物的混合物组成。
优选地,所述聚合物为交联的环氧树脂,其衍生自脂族、环脂族、杂环或芳族缩水甘油基化合物,例如衍生自双酚A二缩水甘油醚、双酚F二缩水甘油醚,其通过常规的固化剂和/或促进剂交联。
合适的缩水甘油基化合物为双酚A二缩水甘油酯、双酚F二缩水甘油酯、酚醛树脂和甲酚-甲醛树脂的聚缩水甘油酯,邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸和对苯二甲酸以及偏苯三酸的聚缩水甘油酯,芳族胺和杂环含氮碱的N-缩水甘油基化合物以及多元脂族醇的二缩水甘油基化合物和聚缩水甘油基化合物。
合适的固化剂为脂族、环脂族、芳族和杂环胺或多胺,如乙二胺、二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺、丙烷-1,3-二胺、六亚甲基二胺、氨基乙基哌嗪、异佛尔酮二胺、聚酰胺基胺、二氨基二苯基甲烷、二氨基二苯基醚、二氨基二苯酚砜、苯胺-甲醛-树脂、2,2,4-三甲基己烷-1,6-二胺、间二甲苯二胺、双(4-氨基环己基)甲烷、2,2-双(4-氨基环己基)丙烷、3-氨基甲基-3,5,5-三甲基环己基胺(异佛尔酮二胺)、聚酰胺基胺、氰基胍和双氰胺,同样为多元酸或其酸酐例如邻苯二甲酸酐、马来酸酐、四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、六氢邻苯二甲酸酐和甲基六氢邻苯二甲酸酐以及酚类例如苯酚-酚醛清漆树脂、甲酚-酚醛清漆树脂、二环戊二烯-苯酚加合物树脂、苯酚芳烷基树脂、甲酚芳烷基树脂、萘酚芳烷基树脂、双酚改性的苯酚芳烷基树脂、苯酚三羟甲基甲烷树脂、四羟苯基乙烷树脂、萘酚-酚醛清漆树脂、萘酚-酚共缩合物树脂、萘酚-甲酚共缩合物树脂、双酚改性的酚树脂和氨基三嗪改性的酚树脂。所有固化剂可以单独地或彼此组合地使用。
对于聚合时的交联的合适催化剂或促进剂为叔胺、苄基二甲基胺、N-烷基吡啶、咪唑、1-甲基咪唑、2-甲基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、2-苯基咪唑,2-十七烷基咪唑、有机酸的金属盐、路易斯酸和胺复合盐。
优选地,所述聚合物为交联的聚合物,其一方面衍生自醛和另一方面衍生自酚、脲或三聚氰胺,如酚醛树脂、脲醛树脂和三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂。优选地,所述聚合物为可交联的丙烯酸系树脂,其衍生自经取代的丙烯酸酯,例如衍生自环氧丙烯酸酯、氨基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯或聚酯丙烯酸酯。
优选的聚酯多元醇通过多元醇如乙二醇、二乙二醇、丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、甲基戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、甘油、季戊四醇、双甘油、葡萄糖和/或山梨醇与二元酸如草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、酒石酸、己二酸、癸二酸、马来酸、富马酸、邻苯二甲酸和/或对苯二甲酸的缩聚获得。这些聚酯多元醇可以单独地或以组合形式使用。
合适的多异氰酸酯为具有不少于两个异氰酸酯基团的芳族、脂环族和/或脂族多异氰酸酯及其混合物。优选的是芳族多异氰酸酯如甲苯二异氰酸酯、亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯、亚萘基二异氰酸酯、亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯、三-4-异氰酸基苯基甲烷和聚亚甲基聚亚苯基二异氰酸酯;脂环族多异氰酸酯如亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯、甲苯基二异氰酸酯;脂族多异氰酸酯和六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、Demeryl二异氰酸酯、1,1-亚甲基双(4-异氰酸基环己烷-4,4′-二异氰酸基二环己基甲烷)异构体混合物、1,4-环己基二异氰酸酯,类型(Bayer)和赖氨酸二异氰酸酯,及其混合物。
合适的多异氰酸酯为改性的产物,其通过多异氰酸酯与多元醇、脲、碳二亚胺和/或缩二脲的反应获得。
优选地,所述聚合物为不饱和聚酯树脂,其衍生自饱和和不饱和二羧酸与多元醇,以及作为交联剂的乙烯基化合物的共聚酯,以及其含卤素的、难燃性变型。
优选地,所述聚合物为可交联的丙烯酸系树脂,其衍生自经取代的丙烯酸酯,例如环氧丙烯酸酯、氨基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯或聚酯丙烯酸酯。
优选地,所述聚合物为上述聚合物的混合物(聚合物共混物),例如PP/EPDM(聚丙烯/乙烯-丙烯-二烯橡胶)、聚酰胺/EPDM或ABS(聚酰胺/乙烯-丙烯-二烯橡胶或丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯)、PVC/EVA(聚氯乙烯/乙烯乙酸乙烯酯)、PVC/ABS(聚氯乙烯/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯)、PVC/MBS(聚氯乙烯/甲基丙烯酸酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯)、PC/ABS(聚碳酸酯/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯)、PBTP/ABS(聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯)、PC/ASA(聚碳酸酯/丙烯酸系酯-苯乙烯-丙烯腈)、PC/PBT(聚碳酸酯/聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯)、PVC/CPE(聚氯乙烯/氯化聚乙烯)、PVC/丙烯酸酯(聚氯乙烯/丙烯酸酯、POM/热塑性PUR(聚甲醛/热塑性聚氨酯)、PC/热塑性PUR(聚碳酸酯/热塑性聚氨酯)、POM/丙烯酸酯(聚甲醛/丙烯酸酯)、POM/MBS(聚甲醛/甲基丙烯酸酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯)、PPO/HIPS(聚苯醚/高抗冲聚苯乙烯)、PPO/PA 6,6(聚苯醚/聚酰胺6,6)和共聚物,PA/HDPE(聚酰胺/高密度聚乙烯)、PA/PP(聚酰胺/聚乙烯)、PA/PPO(聚酰胺/聚苯醚)、PBT/PC/ABS(聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯/聚碳酸/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯)和/或PBT/PET/PC(聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯/聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯/聚碳酸酯)。
优选地,所制备的模塑材料具有有规则或不规则基面的长方形形状,立方体形状、长方体形状、枕状形状、棱柱形状。
根据本发明的阻燃剂混合物也可以用于弹性体例如腈橡胶、具有羧基基团和羧基封端的丁二烯-丙烯腈的腈橡胶、氯丁二烯橡胶、丁二烯橡胶、丙烯腈-丁二烯橡胶、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶、具有丙烯酸系树脂和热塑性聚酰亚胺的丁二烯橡胶、氨基甲酸酯改性的共聚酯聚合物和其它弹性体中。
在根据本发明的阻燃剂混合物中优选的其它添加剂来自碳二亚胺和/或(多)异氰酸酯。
在根据本发明的阻燃剂混合物中优选的填料为硅的含氧化合物,镁化合物,例如周期表第二主族的金属的金属碳酸盐,氧化镁、氢氧化镁、水滑石、二水滑石(Dihydrotalcit)、镁碳酸盐或镁钙碳酸盐,钙化合物例如氢氧化钙、氧化钙、水铝钙石,铝化合物例如氧化铝、氢氧化铝、勃姆石、水铝矿或磷酸铝、红磷、锌化合物和/或铝化合物。
优选的其它填料为玻璃珠。
优选将玻璃纤维用作增强材料。
根据本发明可使用的配混设备为具有三区螺杆和/或短压缩螺杆的多区螺杆挤出机。
根据本发明可使用的配混设备还有例如Coperion Buss Compounding Systems,CH-Pratteln公司的联合捏合机(Ko-Kneter),例如MDK/E46-11D和/或实验室捏合机(瑞士Buss公司的MDK 46,L=11D)。
根据本发明可使用的配混设备为例如Coperion Werner&Pfleiderer GmbH&Co.KG,Stuttgart公司的双螺杆挤出机(ZSK25、ZSK30、ZSK 40、ZSK 58、ZSK MEGA配混机40、50、58、70、92、119、177、250、320、350、380)和/或Berstorff GmbH,Hannover,LeistritzExtrusionstechnik GmbH,Nürnberg公司的双螺杆挤出机。
根据本发明可使用的配混设备为例如3+Extruder GmbH公司的环形挤出机,其以围绕一个静止芯旋转的三至十二个小螺杆的环运转,和/或例如Entex,Bochum公司的行星辊式挤出机和/或排气式挤出机和/或级联式挤出机和/或Maillefer螺杆。
根据本发明可使用的配混设备为具有反向运转的双螺杆的配混机,例如Krauss-Maffei Berstorff公司的Compex 37型或70型。
根据本发明有效的螺杆长度(L)在单轴挤出机或单螺杆挤出机的情况下为20-40D;在双螺杆挤出机的情况下为8-48D和在多区螺杆挤出机的情况下为例如25D,其中进料区(L=10D),过渡区(L=6D)和排出区(L=9D)。
此外,本发明涉及根据权利要求1至19中任一项或多项所述的根据本发明的阻燃剂混合物的用途,其用于插拔连接器、电力分配器中的载流部件(FI-保护)、电路板、灌封料、电源插头、保护开关、灯外壳、LED外壳、电容器外壳、线圈体和通风机、保护触点、插头或用于它们之中,用于电路板、插头外壳、电缆、柔性电路板、手机充电线、发动机舱盖、织物涂层和其它产品之中/之上。
这包括以下形式的成型体:用于电学/电子领域的元器件,尤其是用于电路板、外壳、箔、导线、开关、分配器、继电器、电阻器、电容器、线圈、灯、二极管、LED、晶体管、连接器、调节器、存储器和传感器的部件的形式,大面积构件,尤其是开关柜的外壳部件的大面积构件和具有严苛几何形状的精心设计的构件。
优选地,在这样的成型体的情况下,壁厚小于0.5mm,但是也可以大于1.5mm(直至10mm)。特别合适的是,小于1.5mm,更优选小于1mm和特别优选小于0.5mm。
根据本发明的阻燃剂混合物优选与具有100-220μm算术平均值长度的玻璃纤维一起用于制备阻燃聚酰胺模塑材料和/或成型部件,其中,如此调整用于聚酰胺模塑材料或成型部件的制备过程,从而在所得到的聚酰胺模塑材料或成型部件中玻璃纤维具有在100-220μm范围内的算术平均值长度并且其中聚酰胺模塑材料或成型部件优选按照IEC60695-11-10(UL94)归类为V-0。
阻燃聚合物模塑材料和聚合物成型体的制备、加工和测试。
将二烷基次膦酸盐(其包含二烷基次膦酸-调聚物盐)与聚合物粒料和可能的添加剂混合并经由在230至260℃(玻璃纤维增强的PBT)的温度的双螺杆挤出机(Leistritz ZSE27/44D型)侧进料口,在260至310℃(PA6,6)在250-275℃(PA6)加入聚合物中。玻璃纤维经由第二侧进料口添加。取下均质化的聚合物束,在水浴中冷却并随后造粒成阻燃聚合物模塑材料。
在充分的干燥后,将模塑材料在注塑机(Arburg 320C Allrounder型)上在240至300℃的物料温度加工为阻燃聚合物成型体。可以将它们作为试样使用并按照UL 94-试验(Underwriter Laboratories)关于阻燃性进行测试并归类。
在等温DSC-试验中测定PA-GF30-配混物的加工窗口:
根据上述的一般规定制备阻燃聚合物模塑材料和阻燃聚合物成型体。组成为49.7重量%的聚酰胺(BASF SE公司的A27E01)、30重量%的玻璃纤维(PPG公司的PPG玻璃纤维HP 3610EC10)、12.6重量%的根据实施例的根据本发明的二烷基次膦酸盐(其包含二烷基次膦酸-调聚物盐)、6.6重量%的聚磷酸三聚氰胺(BASF公司的200/70、0.8重量%的硼酸锌(Rio Tinto Minerals公司的500)、0.3重量%的蜡(Clariant公司的E Gran)。
由于加工窗口的下限不受影响,所以作为对于加工窗口的量度,测定阻燃聚合物模塑材料在上限处的分解。为此使用在限定温度下的重量损失。
采用DSC(差热分析),测定在空气中在60分钟的保持时间后在330℃以重量%计的重量损失。
根据本发明的阻燃剂混合物的流动性按照Pfrengle(DIN ISO 4324Tenside,Pulver und Granulate,Bestimmung des Schüttwinkels,1983年12月,Beuth VerlagBerlin)测定。
上述流动性通过计算粉末或粒料的锥体高度或者锥体半径与锥体高度的比例测定。通过用特别的漏斗倒出限定装置中的特定量的待研究物质产生锥体。通过倒出锥体,直至产品溢出凸起于底座的圆板产生限定的锥体半径。确定板的半径。漏斗具有10mm的内径。板具有50mm的半径。进行5次测量并进行平均。高度以毫米计采用测量边条(Messleiste)从板开始至锥体顶点进行测量。由平均值计算锥体半径(50mm)与锥体高度的比例。
在根据现有技术的阻燃剂混合物上,按照20mm的间距(Spanne),测定29.9至49.9mm的堆料锥高度,和按照0.67的间距,测定1.67至1.00的半径比高度的比例(=cotα)。
堆积角是经过锥体底面形成的直线与形成锥体斜面的直线之间的角度,即由锥体顶点和锥体半径确定。
在来自每种混合物的试样上测定1.5mm厚度的试样的UL 94防火等级(Underwriter Laboratories)。
根据UL 94得到以下消防等级:
V-0:续燃时间不超过10秒,10次点火的总续燃时间不超过50秒,没有燃烧滴落,试样没有完全燃尽,在点火结束后大于30秒无试样残炽;
V-1:在点火结束后续燃时间不超过30秒,10次点火的总续燃时间不超过250秒,在点火结束后大于60秒无试样残炽,其它标准同V-0的情况;
V-2:通过燃烧滴落引燃棉絮,其它标准同V-1的情况;
不可分级的(nkl):不满足消防等级V-2。
实施例1
按照DE-A-10359815,制备具有7.71重量%的P含量的二乙基次膦酸钠溶液。向2652g该溶液同时加入1364g硫酸铝溶液、70mg的22重量%的硫酸铁(III)溶液,在80℃下计量添加至去离子水。趁热将晶体悬浮液通过吸滤器过滤并用15倍量的热水洗涤。将过滤器的湿润产物在120℃在氮气气氛下在干燥箱中干燥大约18小时,其包含0.2重量%的残留水分(RF)和18ppm的铁。
铁嵌入二乙基次膦酸盐的晶格中。
耐热性和加工窗口(两者参见表格)超过纯的二乙基次膦酸铝(对比实施例7)。对根据本发明的二烷基次膦酸盐测定耐热性和对阻燃聚合物模塑材料测定加工窗口。
实施例2
按照DE-A-10359815,制备具有仲丁基乙基次膦酸盐(1-甲基丙基-乙基次膦酸盐)和7.71重量%的P含量的二乙基次膦酸钠溶液。按照实施例1,将它通过使用0.2g的22重量%的硫酸铁(III)溶液加工成产物,所述产物包含0.1重量%RF、0.9P%的仲丁基乙基次膦酸盐和52ppm铁。
铁嵌入二乙基次膦酸-调聚物-盐的晶格中。
耐热性和加工窗口(两者参见表格)超过纯的二乙基次膦酸铝(对比实施例7)。对根据本发明的二乙基次膦酸-调聚物-盐测定耐热性和对阻燃聚合物模塑材料测定加工窗口。
实施例3
按照DE-A-10359815,制备具有正丁基乙基次膦酸盐和7.71重量%的P含量的二乙基次膦酸钠溶液。按照实施例1,将它通过使用0.2g的22重量%的硫酸铁(III)溶液加工成产物,所述产物包含0.1重量%RF、1.8P%的正丁基乙基次膦酸盐和52ppm铁。
铁嵌入二乙基次膦酸-调聚物-盐的晶格中。
耐热性和加工窗口(两者参见表格)超过纯的二乙基次膦酸铝(对比实施例7)。对根据本发明的二乙基次膦酸-调聚物-盐测定耐热性和对阻燃聚合物模塑材料测定加工窗口。
实施例4
按照DE-A-10359815,制备具有正丁基乙基次膦酸盐和7.71重量%的P含量的二乙基次膦酸钠溶液。按照实施例1,将它通过使用0.2g的22重量%的硫酸铁(III)溶液加工成产物,所述产物包含0.2重量%RF、0.9P%的正丁基乙基次膦酸盐和52ppm铁。
铁嵌入二乙基次膦酸-调聚物-盐的晶格中。
耐热性和加工窗口(两者参见表格)超过纯的二乙基次膦酸铝(对比实施例7)。对根据本发明的二乙基次膦酸-调聚物-盐测定耐热性和对阻燃聚合物模塑材料测定加工窗口。
实施例5
按照DE-A-10359815,制备具有正丁基乙基次膦酸盐和7.71重量%的P含量的二乙基次膦酸钠溶液。按照实施例1,将它通过使用3.9g的22重量%的硫酸铁(III)溶液加工成产物,所述产物包含0.2重量%RF、4P%的正丁基乙基次膦酸盐和1019ppm铁。
铁嵌入二乙基次膦酸-调聚物-盐的晶格中。
耐热性和加工窗口(两者参见表格)超过纯的二乙基次膦酸铝(对比实施例7)。对根据本发明的二乙基次膦酸-调聚物-盐测定耐热性和对阻燃聚合物模塑材料测定加工窗口。
实施例6
按照DE-A-10359815,制备具有仲丁基乙基次膦酸盐、正丁基乙基次膦酸盐和7.71重量%的P含量的二乙基次膦酸钠溶液。按照实施例1,将它通过使用52g的22重量%的硫酸铁(III)溶液加工成产物,所述产物包含0.3重量%RF、0.9P%的仲丁基乙基次膦酸盐、10P%的正丁基乙基次膦酸盐和13783ppm铁。
铁嵌入二乙基次膦酸-调聚物-盐的晶格中。
耐热性和加工窗口(两者参见表格)超过纯的二乙基次膦酸铝(对比实施例7)。对根据本发明的二乙基次膦酸-调聚物-盐测定耐热性和对阻燃聚合物模塑材料测定加工窗口。
实施例7(比较)
没有调聚物和/或铁含量的二乙基次膦酸铝显示在表2中列举的耐热性和加工窗口。
根据本发明的具有一定铁含量的二烷基次膦酸盐和二烷基次膦酸-调聚物-盐具有比不包含铁的二乙基次膦酸盐明显更大的(加宽的)加工窗口。它们全部显示在PA6中非常好的阻燃效应。
在上述的表格中,耐热性借助于热重法(TGA)测量。所给出的温度是存在2重量%重量损失的温度。
聚合物模塑材料的加工窗口同样用TGA测定。在这种情况下测量在330℃下1小时后的以重量%计的重量损失。TGA在空气气氛下进行。
在聚合物模塑材料的情况下,最大程度包含根据本发明的阻燃剂组合物、聚酰胺、MPP聚磷酸三聚氰胺、玻璃纤维、硼酸锌和蜡。
Claims (20)
2.二有机基次膦酸盐,其包含根据权利要求1定义的二有机基次膦酸盐,并且还包含调聚物-离子,其中所述调聚物-离子为通式(VI)的那些H-(CwH2w)k P(O)(O(-))(CxH2x)l-H (VI)
其中在式(VI)中,彼此独立地,
w和x各自表示2至4,和k和l各自表示1至4。
3.根据权利要求2所述的二有机基次膦酸盐,其特征在于,在式(VI)中,w和x各自表示2或3,和k和l各自表示1至3。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的二有机基次膦酸盐,其特征在于,其包含
a)60至99.8999P%的式(II)的二烷基次膦酸盐,和
b)0.1至40P%的式(VI)的调聚物-离子,
其中a)和b)之和为100P%,条件是式(II)的二有机基次膦酸盐和式(VI)的调聚物-离子各自为不同的化合物。
5.根据权利要求2或3所述的二有机基次膦酸盐,其特征在于,离子M、M’、(CaH2a+1)(CbH2b+1)PO2 -、H-(CwH2w)kPO2 -(CxH2x)l-H和以下物质的阴离子彼此为一致的离子化合物:乙基丁基次膦酸、二丁基次膦酸、乙基己基次膦酸、丁基己基次膦酸、乙基辛基次膦酸、仲丁基乙基次膦酸、1-乙基丁基-丁基次膦酸、乙基-1-甲基戊基次膦酸、二仲丁基次膦酸(二-1-甲基丙基次膦酸)、丙基-己基次膦酸、二己基次膦酸、己基-壬基次膦酸、丙基-壬基次膦酸、二壬基次膦酸、二丙基次膦酸、丁基-辛基次膦酸、己基-辛基次膦酸、二辛基次膦酸、乙基(环戊基乙基)次膦酸、丁基(环戊基乙基)次膦酸、乙基(环己基乙基)次膦酸、丁基(环己基乙基)次膦酸、乙基(苯基乙基)次膦酸、丁基(苯基乙基)次膦酸、乙基(4-甲基苯基乙基)次膦酸、丁基(4-甲基苯基乙基)次膦酸、丁基环戊基次膦酸、丁基环己基乙基次膦酸、丁基苯基次膦酸、乙基(4-甲基苯基)次膦酸和/或丁基(4-甲基苯基)次膦酸。
6.根据权利要求2或3所述的二有机基次膦酸盐,其特征在于,所述调聚物-离子以其金属盐的形式存在,其中所述金属盐为以下物质的金属盐:乙基丁基次膦酸、二丁基次膦酸、乙基己基次膦酸、丁基己基次膦酸、乙基辛基次膦酸、仲丁基乙基次膦酸、1-乙基丁基-丁基次膦酸、乙基-1-甲基戊基-次膦酸、二仲丁基次膦酸(二-1-甲基-丙基次膦酸)、丙基-己基次膦酸、二己基次膦酸、己基-壬基次膦酸、丙基-壬基次膦酸、二壬基次膦酸、二丙基次膦酸、丁基-辛基次膦酸、己基-辛基次膦酸、二辛基次膦酸、乙基(环戊基乙基)次膦酸、丁基(环戊基乙基)次膦酸、乙基(环己基乙基)次膦酸、丁基(环己基乙基)次膦酸、乙基(苯基乙基)次膦酸、丁基(苯基乙基)次膦酸、乙基(4-甲基苯基乙基)次膦酸、丁基(4-甲基苯基乙基)次膦酸、丁基环戊基次膦酸、丁基环己基乙基次膦酸、丁基苯基次膦酸、乙基(4-甲基苯基)次膦酸和/或丁基(4-甲基苯基)次膦酸,其中金属盐的金属来源于Mg、Ca、Al、Sb、Sn、Ge、Ti、Fe、Zr、Zn、Ce、Bi、Sr、Mn、Li、Na和/或K。
7.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的二有机基次膦酸盐,其特征在于,其具有0.1至1000μm的粒度、80至800g/l的堆积密度、100g/l至1100g/l的夯实密度、5至45度的堆积角、1至40m2/g的BET表面积、85至99.9的L-色值、-4至+9的a-色值和-2至+6的b-色值。
8.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的二烷基次膦酸盐,其特征在于,其具有0.5至800μm的粒度、80至600g/l的堆积密度、600g/l至800g/l的夯实密度和10至40度的堆积角。
9.用于制备根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的二有机基次膦酸盐的方法,其特征在于,
a)在工艺阶段1中,相对于每个次磷酸的水溶性盐或酸本身上的P计,加成0.9至1.1个分子的烯烃,
b)在工艺阶段2中,向二烷基次膦酸或其盐加成以每个来自a)的中间产物上的P计额外的0.9至1.1个分子的烯烃,
c)在工艺阶段3中,在0至20%的来自工艺阶段1的二烷基次膦酸盐分子上加成1至9个另外的烯烃分子,从而形成调聚物,
d)在工艺阶段4中,进行来自b)或c)的中间产物与金属盐和铁盐的结晶。
10.用于制备根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的二有机基次膦酸盐的方法,其特征在于,
a)在工艺阶段1中,相对于每个次磷酸的水溶性盐或酸本身上的P计,加成0.9至1.1个分子的烯烃,
b)在工艺阶段2中,向二烷基次膦酸或其盐加成以每个来自a)的中间产物上的P计额外的0.9至1.1个分子的烯烃,
c)在工艺阶段2中,在0至20%的来自工艺阶段1的二烷基次膦酸盐分子上加成1至9个另外的烯烃分子,从而形成调聚物,
d)在工艺阶段3中,进行与金属盐和/或铁盐的结晶,和
e)在工艺阶段4中,进行来自d)的中间产物与金属盐或铁盐的共沉淀。
11.用于制备根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的二有机基次膦酸盐的方法,其特征在于,
a)在工艺阶段1中,相对于每个次磷酸的水溶性盐或酸本身上的P计,加成0.9至1.1个分子的烯烃,
b)在工艺阶段2中,向二烷基次膦酸或其盐加成以每个来自a)的中间产物上的P计额外的0.9至1.1个分子的烯烃,
c)在工艺阶段3中,进行与金属盐和/或铁盐的结晶,和
d)然后在工艺阶段4中,以物理方式混入调聚物。
12.根据权利要求9至11中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述铁盐为氧化物、氢氧化物、过氧化物、硫酸盐、硫酸氢盐、水合硫酸盐、过硫酸盐、磷酸盐和/或亚磷酸盐。
13.根据权利要求9至11中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述金属盐的金属来源于Al。
14.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的二有机基次膦酸盐作为用于进一步合成的中间产物,作为粘结剂,作为在环氧树脂、聚氨酯和不饱和聚酯树脂固化时的交联剂或促进剂,作为聚合物稳定剂,作为防腐蚀剂,用于洗涤剂和清洁剂应用中和用于电子应用中,和作为阻燃剂的用途。
15.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的二有机基次膦酸盐作为清漆和发泡型涂料的阻燃剂,作为木材和其它含纤维素产品的阻燃剂,作为聚合物的反应性和/或非反应性阻燃剂,用于制备阻燃聚合物模塑材料,用于制备阻燃聚合物成型体和/或用于通过浸渍为聚酯和纯的和混纺的纤维素织物赋予阻燃性的用途。
16.根据权利要求15所述的用途,其特征在于,将根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的二有机基次膦酸盐与增效剂一起使用,其中所述增效剂为磷酸三聚氰胺、聚磷酸三聚氰胺、三聚氰胺和/或氰尿酸三聚氰胺;为式(NH4)yH3-yPO4或(NH4PO3)z的含氮的磷酸盐,其中y等于1至3和z等于1至10,000;为铝亚磷酸盐、铝焦亚磷酸盐、铝膦酸盐;为硼酸锌、碳酸锌、锡酸锌、碱式锡酸锌、磷酸锌、氧化锌、氢氧化锌、氧化锡水合物、碱性硅酸锌、氢氧化镁、水滑石、碳酸镁;为乙基膦酸的盐、丁基膦酸的盐、正丁基膦酸的盐、仲丁基膦酸的盐和/或己基膦酸的盐。
17.根据权利要求15或16所述的用途,其特征在于,使用其它添加剂,其中所述其它添加剂为抗氧化剂、UV稳定剂、γ射线稳定剂、水解稳定剂、抗静电剂、乳化剂、成核剂、软化剂、加工助剂、抗冲改性剂、染料或颜料。
18.根据权利要求15或16所述的用途,其特征在于,使用0.0001-99.7999重量%的根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的二有机基次膦酸盐,0.1-40重量%的增效剂和0.1-40重量%的添加剂,其中所述组分之和为100重量%。
19.阻燃的热塑性或热固性聚合物模塑材料、聚合物成型体、聚合物膜、聚合物丝和/或聚合物纤维,其包含0.5至45重量%的根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的二有机基次膦酸盐、0.5至95重量%的热塑性或热固性聚合物或其混合物、0至55重量%的添加剂和0至55重量%的填料或增强材料,其中所述组分之和为100重量%。
20.根据权利要求19所述的阻燃的热塑性或热固性聚合物模塑材料、聚合物成型体、聚合物膜、聚合物丝和/或聚合物纤维,其特征在于,所述聚合物为HI(高抗冲)聚苯乙烯、聚苯醚、聚酰胺、聚酯、聚碳酸酯类型和ABS(丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯)或PC/ABS(聚碳酸酯/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯)或PPE/HIPS(聚苯醚/HI聚苯乙烯)塑料类型的共混物或聚合物共混物的热塑性聚合物,和/或为不饱和聚酯或环氧树脂类型的热固性聚合物。
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